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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e252575, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355869

ABSTRACT

Abstract Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illness. Because of having unwanted effects of newly available drugs, patients administering anxiolytic drugs usually discontinue the treatment before they are completely recovered. Therefore, there is a serious need to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The anxiolytic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei in animal models was assessed. 24 male mice (Mus musculus genus) were included in the study. Four groups were prepared and each group contained six animals. The groups were vehicle control, positive control (diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as two treatment groups receiving Agaricus blazei hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.50 mg/kg and 273.0 mg/kg orally. The Marble burying test, Nestlet shredding test and Light and Dark box test used to assess anxiolytic activity. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. while hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) was administered via oral route which exhibited marked reduction in number of marbles-burying as compared to vehicle control group. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. and Oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) exhibited significant decrease in nestlet shredding in comparison to vehicle control group. The oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.5mg/kg and 273mg/kg showed elevation in time spent in light box and was comparable to standard treated group while time spent by mice following oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei at a dose of 273.0 mg/kg also showed elevation and was found to be more near to standard treated group (diazepam 1 mg/kg, i.p.).


Resumo O aumento da ansiedade e dos sintomas depressivos têm relatado sua associação com doenças de longa duração. Por causa dos efeitos indesejáveis dos novos medicamentos disponíveis, os pacientes que administram medicamentos ansiolíticos geralmente interrompem o tratamento antes de estarem completamente recuperados. Portanto, há uma necessidade séria de desenvolver novos medicamentos ansiolíticos. Foi avaliado o efeito ansiolítico do extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei em modelos animais. Vinte e quatro camundongos machos (gênero Mus musculus) foram incluídos no estudo. Quatro grupos foram preparados, e cada grupo continha seis animais. Os grupos foram controle de veículo, controle positivo (diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p.), bem como dois grupos de tratamento recebendo extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 136,50 mg/kg e 273,0 mg/kg por via oral. O teste de enterrar Marble, o teste de retalhamento Nestlet e o teste de caixa clara e escura são usados ​​para avaliar a atividade ansiolítica. Camundongos foram administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p., enquanto o extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) foi administrado por via oral, que exibiu redução acentuada no número de mármores enterrados em comparação com o grupo de controle de veículo. Camundongos administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p. e a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) exibiu diminuição significativa na trituração de ninhos em comparação ao grupo de controle de veículo. A administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico na dose de 136,5mg/kg e 273mg/kg mostrou elevação no tempo gasto na caixa de luz e foi comparável ao grupo tratado padrão, enquanto o tempo gasto por camundongos após a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 273,0 mg/kg também mostrou elevação e foi mais próximo do grupo tratado padrão (diazepam 1 mg/kg, ip).


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Agaricus , Exploratory Behavior , Disease Models, Animal
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 44: e258093, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1558749

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou o reconhecimento (imitação, identidade e identificação) e a nomeação de estímulos emocionais de valência negativa (raiva e tristeza) e positiva (alegria e surpresa) em conjunto com a influência dos tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-feminino, social-masculino, familiar e emoji) em crianças e jovens adultos com autismo ou síndrome de Down, por meio de tarefas aplicadas pela família e mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante a pandemia de covid-19. Participaram cinco crianças e dois jovens adultos com autismo e uma criança e dois jovens adultos com síndrome de Down. Foram implementadas tarefas de identidade, reconhecimento, nomeação e imitação, com estímulos faciais de função avaliativa (sem consequência diferencial) e de ensino (com consequência diferencial, uso de dicas e critério de aprendizagem), visando a emergência da nomeação emocional por meio do ensino das tarefas de reconhecimento. Os resultados da linha de base identificaram que, para os participantes que apresentaram menor tempo de resposta para o mesmo gênero, a diferença de tempo de resposta foi em média 57,28% menor. Em relação à valência emocional, 50% dos participantes apresentaram diferenças nos acertos, a depender da valência positiva e negativa, sendo que 66,66% apresentaram diferenças para o tempo de resposta a depender da valência emocional. Após o procedimento de ensino, os participantes mostraram maior número de acertos nas tarefas, independentemente do gênero de estímulo e valência emocional, criando ocasião para generalização da aprendizagem de reconhecimento e nomeação de emoções, além de consolidar a viabilidade de estratégias de ensino mediadas por recursos tecnológicos e aplicadas por familiares.(AU)


This study evaluated the recognition (imitation, identity, and identification) and naming of negative (anger and sadness) and positive (joy and surprise) emotional stimuli alongside the influence of the types of stimuli (social-female, social-male, family, and emoji) in children and young adults with autism and Down syndrome, via tasks applied by the family and mediated by technological resources, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five children and two young adults with autism and one child and two young adults with Down syndrome participated. Identity, recognition, naming, and imitation tasks were planned and implemented using facial stimuli with evaluative (without differential consequence) and teaching (with differential consequence, tips, and learning criteria) functions, aiming at the emergence of emotional naming from the recognition teaching tasks. The baseline results showed that, for participants who had a shorter response time for the same gender, the response time difference was on average 57.28% lower. Regarding the emotional valence, 50% of the participants showed differences in the correct answers, depending on the positive and negative valence, and 66.66% showed differences in the response time depending on the emotional valence. After the teaching procedure, the participants showed a greater number of correct answers in the tasks, regardless of the stimulus type and emotional valence, creating an opportunity for generalizing learning of emotion recognition and naming, in addition to consolidating the feasibility of teaching strategies mediated by technological resources and applied by family members.(AU)


Este estudio evaluó el reconocimiento (imitación, identidad e identificación) y la denominación de estímulos emocionales negativos (enfado y tristeza) y positivos (alegría y sorpresa) y la influencia de los tipos de estímulos utilizados (social-femenino, social-masculino, familiar y emoji ) de niños y jóvenes con autismo o síndrome de Down, a través de tareas aplicadas por la familia, mediadas por recursos tecnológicos durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Participaron cinco niños y dos adultos jóvenes con autismo, y un niño y dos adultos jóvenes con síndrome de Down. Se planificaron e implementaron tareas de identidad, reconocimiento, nombramiento e imitación con estímulos faciales con función evaluativa (sin consecuencia diferencial) y enseñanza (con consecuencia diferencial, uso de ayudas y criterios de aprendizaje), buscando la emergencia del nombramiento emocional después de la enseñanza de tareas de reconocimiento. Los resultados de la línea de base identificaron que para los participantes que tenían un tiempo de respuesta más corto para el mismo género, la diferencia en el tiempo de respuesta fue un 57,28% menor. En cuanto a la valencia emocional, el 50% de los participantes mostraron diferencias en las respuestas correctas, en función de la valencia positiva y negativa, y el 66,66% tuvieron diferencias en el tiempo de respuesta, en función de la valencia emocional. Después del procedimiento de enseñanza, los participantes mostraron mayor número de aciertos en las tareas evaluadas, independientemente del tipo de estímulo o valencia emocional, lo que genera una oportunidad para la generalización del aprendizaje de reconocimiento y denominación de emociones, además de consolidar la viabilidad de estrategias de enseñanza mediadas por recursos tecnológicos y aplicadas por la familia.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Autistic Disorder , Family , Down Syndrome , Expressed Emotion , Emotions , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Parents , Perception , Perceptual Distortion , Personality , Play and Playthings , Prejudice , Psychiatry , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Attention , Audiovisual Aids , Signs and Symptoms , Social Desirability , Social Environment , Social Values , Socialization , Stereotyping , Task Performance and Analysis , Visual Perception , Women , Behavior , Body Image , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Symbolism , Activities of Daily Living , Artificial Intelligence , Adaptation, Psychological , Grief , Attitude , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Child , Child Rearing , Chromosomes , Clinical Trial , Mental Competency , Caregivers , Cognition , Signal Detection, Psychological , Communication , Conscience , Intuition , Observation , Stereotypic Movement Disorder , Chromosome Disorders , Personal Autonomy , Adult Children , Trust , Comprehension , Personnel Delegation , Data Compression , Education , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Education, Special , Ego , Empathy , Exploratory Behavior , Face , Facial Expression , Cultural Competency , Young Adult , Fear , Feedback , Emotional Intelligence , Social Stigma , Pandemics , Social Skills , Social Norms , Emotional Adjustment , Optimism , Metacognition , Facial Recognition , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Applied Behavior Analysis , Self-Management , Respect , Emotional Regulation , Generalization, Psychological , Genetics , Social Interaction , Identity Recognition , COVID-19 , Gestures , Cognitive Training , Family Support , Processing Speed , Handling, Psychological , Imagination , Interpersonal Relations , Language , Life Change Events , Memory, Short-Term , Men , Mental Disorders , Mental Processes , Intellectual Disability , Nervous System Diseases , Neurologic Manifestations , Neurology , Neuropsychological Tests , Nonverbal Communication
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 44: e260183, 2024. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1564967

ABSTRACT

A prática de mindfulness tornou-se um tema relevante devido às evidências de sua eficácia para o tratamento de muitas condições de saúde, especialmente as de saúde mental, que suscitaram o interesse de clientes e psicoterapeutas quanto a sua aplicação clínica. No entanto, não há dados sobre o conhecimento de mindfulness por parte de psicólogos clínicos, o que afeta diretamente a habilidade de utilizar ou recomendar práticas baseadas na. Este estudo, de levantamento descritivo, exploratório e transversal, buscou caracterizar o conhecimento sobre mindfulness descrito por psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Participaram do estudo 417 psicólogos de diferentes abordagens e estados brasileiros, que responderam a um questionário online. Dados quantitativos foram analisados por frequências, proporções e teste qui-quadrado. Para dados qualitativos, utilizou-se o método de classificação hierárquica descendente. Dessa maneira, foram identificadas cinco classes de descrição de mindfulness: ausência de conhecimento, efeitos, abordagem terapêutica, técnicas e definição operacional. Concluiu-se que os resultados refletem a necessidade de integrar o tema na formação acadêmica em psicologia, capacitando mais o psicólogo para fornecer adequadamente ao cliente informações, recomendações ou aplicação de mindfulness no contexto da prática clínica.(AU)


The practice of mindfulness has become a relevant topic due to the evidence of its effectiveness for treating many health conditions, especially those of mental health, which aroused the interest of clients and psychotherapists regarding its clinical application. However, there is no data on the knowledge that clinical psychologists have about mindfulness, which directly affects their ability to use or recommend practices based on the technique. This descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the knowledge about mindfulness described by Brazilian clinical psychologists. A total of 417 psychologists from different approaches and Brazilian states, which answered an online questionnaire, participated in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed by frequencies, proportions, and chi-square test. For qualitative data, the descending hierarchical classification method was used. Thus, five classes of mindfulness description were identified: lack of knowledge, effects, therapeutic approach, techniques, and operational definition. In conclusion, the results reflect the need to integrate the theme in professional training in psychology, better training the psychologist to adequately provide the client with information, recommendations, or application of mindfulness in the context of clinical practice.(AU)


La práctica de atención plena ha cobrado relevancia debido a la evidencia de efectividad para muchas afecciones de salud, sobre todo de salud mental, la cual despertó el interés de clientes y psicoterapeutas con respecto a su aplicación clínica. Sin embargo, no existen datos sobre el conocimiento que tienen los psicólogos clínicos sobre la atención plena, lo que incide directamente en la capacidad de utilizar o recomendar prácticas basadas en esta práctica en el contexto clínico. Este estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el conocimiento sobre atención plena descrito por psicólogos clínicos brasileños. En este estudio participaron 417 psicólogos de diferentes enfoques y estados brasileños quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron por frecuencias, proporciones y prueba de chi-cuadrado. Para los datos cualitativos se utilizó el método de clasificación jerárquica descendente. Como resultado, se identificaron cinco clases de descripción de atención plena: falta de conocimiento, efectos, enfoque terapéutico, técnicas y definición operativa. Se concluye que los resultados muestran la necesidad de integrar el tema en la formación académica en psicología, ofreciendo más capacitación al psicólogo para proporcionar al cliente información, recomendaciones o aplicación de la atención plena en el contexto de la práctica clínica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Professional Practice , Psychology , Knowledge , Mindfulness , Anxiety , Perception , Psychology, Clinical , Psychotherapy , Quality of Life , Relaxation , Respiration , Stress, Psychological , Thinking , Behavior , Buddhism , Humans , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Oxygenation , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cognition , Conscience , Consciousness , Meditation , Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical , Mind-Body Therapies , Emotions , Existentialism , Exploratory Behavior , Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Self-Control , Psychological Distress
4.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 44: e259204, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1564970

ABSTRACT

A proatividade e o capital psicológico (PsyCap) são construtos associados às virtudes psicológicas, recursos despertados por fatores individuais e organizacionais, que podem maximizar resultados. Este estudo visou investigar qualitativamente os determinantes e aspectos que podem estimular o PsyCap e a proatividade, a partir da perspectiva de trabalhadores de duas empresas brasileiras. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma amostra de 26 funcionários. Os resultados revelaram determinantes comuns para a proatividade e o PsyCap, dentre eles a aprendizagem formal e informal, o feedback, a felicidade, a persistência, a curiosidade, os desafios e a estratégia. Foram observados alguns consequentes positivos, como euforia, alegria, realização, entusiasmo, engajamento e gratidão. Notou-se também que a ausência de proatividade e níveis baixos de PsyCap podem desencadear reações negativas, como indignação, tristeza, procrastinação, paralisação, desequilíbrio e frustração. Esses resultados sugerem que intervenções focadas no desenvolvimento da proatividade e do PsyCap podem ser essenciais para potencializar o bem-estar individual e resultados positivos nas organizações.(AU)


Proactivity and psychological capital (PsyCap) are concepts associated with psychological virtues, resources awakened from individual and organizational factors, which can maximize results. This study aimed to investigate qualitatively the determinants and aspects that can stimulate PsyCap and proactivity, from the perspective of workers of two Brazilian businesses. The research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with a sample of 26 employees. The results revealed common determinants for proactivity and PsyCap, among them formal and informal learning, feedback, happiness, persistence, curiosity, challenges, and strategy. Some positive consequences were observed, such as euphoria, joy, fulfillment, enthusiasm, engagement, and gratitude. Also note that the absence of proactivity and low levels of PsyCap could trigger negative reactions, such as indignation, sadness, procrastination, paralysis, imbalance, and frustration. These results suggest that interventions focused on the development of proactivity and PsyCap can be essential to enhance individual well-being and positive results in organizations.(AU)


La proactividad y el capital psicológico (PsyCap) son constructos asociados a las virtudes psicológicas, recursos que pueden ser despertados por factores individuales y organizacionales para maximizar los resultados. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cualitativamente los determinantes y aspectos que pueden despertar el PsyCap y la proactividad desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores de dos empresas brasileñas. Este estudio se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en una muestra de 26 empleados. Los resultados revelaron determinantes comunes para la proactividad y el PsyCap, entre ellos, el aprendizaje formal e informal, la retroalimentación, la felicidad, la persistencia, la curiosidad, los desafíos y la estrategia. Se observaron algunas consecuencias positivas, como euforia, alegría, logro, entusiasmo, compromiso y gratitud. También se señaló que la ausencia de proactividad y los bajos niveles del PsyCap pueden desencadenar reacciones negativas, como indignación, tristeza, procrastinación, parálisis, desequilibrio y frustración. Estos resultados sugieren que las intervenciones centradas en el desarrollo de la proactividad y del PsyCap pueden ser esenciales para mejorar el bienestar individual y los resultados positivos en las organizaciones.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Set, Psychology , Self Efficacy , Resilience, Psychological , Hope , Optimism , Coping Skills , Organization and Administration , Organizational Innovation , Psychology , Achievement , Work , Organizational Culture , Efficacy , Staff Development , Health Strategies , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Entrepreneurship , Interview , Uncertainty , Efficiency , Exploratory Behavior , Feedback , Work Performance , Work-Life Balance , Procrastination , Work Engagement , Frustration , Sadness , Psychological Well-Being , Happiness , Job Satisfaction , Learning , Motivation
5.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 29: e54827, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529189

ABSTRACT

RESUMO. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o conhecimento de crianças e pré-adolescentes em relação aos termos que designam as forças de caráter e compreender como percebem a expressão desses traços nos próprios comportamentos e nos de outras pessoas. Foram entrevistados 17 participantes, de oito a 13 anos (M = 10,6; DP = 1,5). Para cada força foram feitas sete perguntas, que investigavam a definição do termo e exemplos da expressão da força nos outros e nos próprios entrevistados. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise de conteúdo, ao fim gerando categorias para cada força. As forças descritas com maior facilidade pelos participantes e suas respectivas definições foram criatividade (capacidade de criar coisas), curiosidade e amor ao aprendizado (busca de conhecimento e novas experiências), honestidade (falar a verdade), amor (comportamento de dar carinho), bondade (ajudar e cuidar do outro), trabalho em equipe (realização de trabalhos colaborativos em brincadeiras ou atividades escolares), perdão (08 categorias a respeito de sua definição, sem destaque para alguma) e esperança (desejar acontecimento futuro). Esses achados podem tornar mais acessível o desenvolvimento e a avaliação das forças nessa faixa etária.


RESUMEN. Este estudio buscó analizar el conocimiento de niños y pre-adolescentes sobre los términos que fueron designados como fortalezas de carácter, y comprender cómo perciben estos rasgos en sus proprios comportamientos y en los de otras personas. Diecisiete participantes entre ocho y trece años fueron entrevistados (M = 10.6; SD = 1.5). Para cada fortaleza, se hicieron siete preguntas, que investigaron la definición del término y ejemplos prácticos de su expresión. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcritas para el análisis de contenido, creando categorías para cada fortaleza. Las fortalezas descritas por los participantes con mayor facilidad y sus respectivas definiciones fueron: creatividad (capacidad de crear cosas), curiosidad y amor por el aprendizaje (búsqueda de conocimiento y nuevas experiencias), honestidad (decir la verdad), amor (comportamientos afectivos), amabilidad (ayudar y cuidar a los demás), trabajo en equipo (desempeño del trabajo colaborativo en juegos o actividades escolares), perdón (ocho categorías con respecto a su definición, sin énfasis en ninguna) y esperanza (deseo por un evento futuro). Estos hallazgos pueden facilitar el desarrollo y la evaluación de las fortalezas con este grupo de edad.


ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the children and pre-adolescents' knowledge regarding terms that designate character strengths and to understand how they perceive the expression of these traits in their and other people's behavior. Seventeen participants aged eight to thirteen were interviewed (M = 10.6; SD = 1.5). For each strength, seven questions were asked, which investigated the definition and examples of the strength expression. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for content analysis, generating categories for each strength. The strengths most easily described by the participants and their respective definitions were: creativity (ability to create things), curiosity and love for learning (searching for knowledge and new experiences), honesty (speaking the truth), love (acts involving affection), kindness (helping and caring for others), teamwork (collaborative works in games or school activities), forgiveness (eight categories regarding their definition, without highlighting any) and hope (longing for a future event). These findings may make developing and evaluating character strengths in this age group more accessible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Character , Child , Comprehension , Behavior , Creativity , Education, Primary and Secondary , Exploratory Behavior , Forgiveness , Hope , Psychology, Positive/education , Group Dynamics/psychology , Learning , Love
6.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e252545, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1440793

ABSTRACT

O brincar é uma atividade importante para o desenvolvimento infantil, porque melhora aspectos cognitivos, emocionais e físicos. Além disso, jogos e brincadeiras podem ser explorados como recurso educacional. Partindo do entendimento da ludicidade enquanto um processo subjetivo, este trabalho investigou a relação com o saber estabelecida durante as brincadeiras, buscando compreendê-las em suas dimensões epistêmica, social e identitária. Dezesseis estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental foram entrevistados a partir de um roteiro baseado no instrumento "balanço do saber", proposto por Bernard Charlot. As questões foram adaptadas para possibilitar apreender o que as crianças dizem aprender durante as brincadeiras em que participam, com ênfase naquelas realizadas em sala de aula. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo realizada mostraram que, apesar de existirem conflitos sobre como se estabelecem as funções lúdica e educativa, quando a brincadeira infantil é utilizada como recurso pedagógico, os sujeitos podem identificar benefícios no processo de aprendizagem por meio dela. Aponta-se, também, a necessidade de considerar a condição social da criança no ambiente escolar para o sucesso ao utilizar essas atividades como práticas pedagógicas.(AU)


Child's play is an important activity for child development since it improves cognition, emotional, and physical aspects. Games can also be explored as an educational resource. Starting from the understanding that playfulness is a subjective process, this work has investigated the relationship to the knowledge stablished during games, aiming to understand it in its epistemic, social, and identitary dimensions. A group of 16 5th grade students were interviewed from a script based on the instrument "balance of knowledge," as proposed by Bernard Charlot. The questions were adapted to enable the apprehension of what children say they learn on the games they play, emphasizing those which are played in classrooms. The results of the content analysis performed have showed that, despite the conflicts on how both playful and educative functions are stablished when child's play is used as a pedagogic resource, the subjects can identify benefits on the process of learning with it. The need to consider the child's social condition in the school environment to reach success when using these activities as pedagogical practices is also pointed out.(AU)


Jugar es una actividad importante para el desarrollo de los niños, porque mejora aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y físicos. Por tanto, los juegos son explorados como recurso educativo. Partiendo de la comprensión de que lo lúdico es un proceso subjetivo, este trabajo analizó la relación con el saber que se establece durante el juego, con el objetivo de comprenderlo en sus dimensiones epistémica, social e identitaria. Se entrevistó a dieciséis estudiantes de quinto grado a partir de un guion basado en el instrumento "balance del saber" propuesto por Bernard Charlot. Las preguntas fueron adaptadas para permitir la aprehensión de lo que los niños dicen que aprenden en sus juegos, enfatizando los que se juegan en las aulas. Los resultados del análisis de contenido realizado mostraron que, a pesar de que existen conflictos sobre cómo se establecen ambas funciones lúdica y educativa cuando se utiliza el juego infantil como recurso pedagógico, los niños pueden identificar beneficios en el proceso de aprendizaje a través del juego. Se señala la necesidad de considerar la condición social del niño en el entorno escolar para alcanzar el éxito al utilizar estas actividades como prácticas pedagógicas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Play and Playthings , Play Therapy , Schools , Educational Status , Personality , Aptitude , Psychology , Psychology, Educational , Quality of Life , School Health Services , Social Environment , Social Perception , Sports , Task Performance and Analysis , Teaching , Temperament , Time and Motion Studies , Underachievement , Shyness , Symbolism , Adaptation, Psychological , Exercise , Attitude , Family , Child Advocacy , Child Care , Child Guidance , Child Welfare , Mental Health , Negotiating , Interview , Animation , Instructional Film and Video , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Drawing , Creativity , Culture , Trust , Growth and Development , Ego , Empathy , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Exploratory Behavior , Fantasy , Sunbathing , Pleasure , Sedentary Behavior , Executive Function , Social Skills , Spatial Learning , Games, Recreational , School Teachers , Interdisciplinary Placement , Freedom , Frustration , Solidarity , Social Interaction , Happiness , Hobbies , Holistic Health , Imagination , Individuality , Intelligence , Leadership , Leisure Activities , Memory , Mental Processes , Motivation , Motor Skills , Movement , Music , Nonverbal Communication
7.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e261750, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529225

ABSTRACT

Este estudo objetivou descrever a identidade profissional de psicólogos judiciários, partindo do cenário contemporâneo da Psicologia Jurídica brasileira, contexto que envolve crises e conflitos sobre a forma de responder a atribuições e demandas do campo legal. Pela perspectiva da sociologia das identidades profissionais de Claude Dubar, sustenta-se a hipótese de que a identidade profissional do psicólogo judiciário depende de estratégias de compatibilização entre o pertencimento à categoria e as atribuições legais e institucionais. Participaram 95 psicólogos do quadro ativo do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, que responderam a um formulário online sobre a percepção de si e do campo de atuação. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam a saliência da avaliação psicológica e da interdisciplinaridade na identidade profissional, e as rupturas identitárias diante de práticas verificatórias. Tais achados apontam a necessidade de participação da categoria na construção de suas atribuições; e dificuldades para o exercício das funções por limitações à autonomia profissional.(AU)


This study aimed to describe the professional identity of forensic psychologists, considering Brazil's Legal Psychology contemporary scenario which relates to a critical issues on how practitioners respond the demands of the legal system. Based on Claude Dubar's sociology of professional identities, we support the hypothesis that forensic psychologists' professional identity depends on strategies of compatibilization between belonging their reference group and the institutional attributions. There were 95 participants, all from the current staff of the Court of Justice of the state of São Paulo, who answered an online form. The data were subjected to content analysis. The results indicate a professional identity with noted salience on psychological assessment and interdisciplinarity, and the identity crises regarding verification practices. Such findings highlight the importance of practitioners taking part on the construction of their own tasks.(AU)


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la identidad profesional de los psicólogos forenses, considerando el escenario de la Psicología Jurídica brasileña, que se relaciona con una crisis sobre si estos profesionales responden a las demandas del sistema legal. Teniendo en cuenta la sociología de las identidades profesionales de Claude Dubar, sostenemos la hipótesis de que la identidad profesional de los psicólogos forenses depende de estrategias de compatibilización entre la pertenencia a su grupo profesional y a instituciones. Participaron 95 psicólogos, quienes actuaban en el Tribunal de Justicia del Estado de São Paulo, a los cuales se aplicó un formulario en línea. Los datos se sometieron a análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican una identidad profesional saliente en cuanto a la evaluación psicológica y la interdisciplinariedad, pero también crisis de identidad en relación con las prácticas de verificación. Tales resultados señalan la importancia de que la categoría participe en la construcción de sus propias atribuciones.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Identification , Forensic Psychiatry , Professional Training , Forensic Psychology , Organization and Administration , Philosophy , Professional Practice Location , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Research , Self Concept , Social Desirability , Social Environment , Social Sciences , Social Welfare , Social Work , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Work , Decision Making, Organizational , Health Services Administration , Acting Out , Decision Support Systems, Management , Brazil , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Choice , Child Advocacy , Demography , Mental Health , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Interviews as Topic , Surveys and Questionnaires , Staff Development , Civil Rights , Professional Autonomy , Negotiating , Workplace , Confidentiality , Cultural Diversity , Knowledge , Criminal Law , Culture , Psychosocial Impact , Democracy , Personnel Delegation , Efficiency , Eligibility Determination , Employment , Health Research Evaluation , Workforce , User Embracement , Expert Testimony , Exploratory Behavior , Sociological Factors , Social Capital , Psychosocial Support Systems , Work Engagement , Socioeconomic Rights , Freedom , Psychosocial Functioning , Sociodemographic Factors , Belonging , Clinical Relevance , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Population Groups , Working Conditions , Health Promotion , Human Development , Interpersonal Relations , Job Description , Jurisprudence , Knowledge of Results, Psychological , Leadership , Anthropology, Cultural
8.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; Rev. cuba. salud pública;48(1): e2236, ene.-mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409269

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La transparencia y el acceso a la información pública son mecanismos importantes que facilitan y posibilitan políticas públicas participativas. Sin embargo, existen escasos antecedentes que apliquen sus principios a las políticas alimentarias y nutricionales. Objetivo: Explorar el estado actual de la transparencia de la política alimentaria de comedores escolares en Argentina a través de las posibilidades de acceso a la información pública. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y exploratorio con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos a partir del análisis de documentos gubernamentales publicados hasta el año 2019 en los sitios web de ministerios a nivel nacional y de las 24 jurisdicciones del país. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido y triangulación por observador. Se incluyeron 308 documentos. Resultados: Veinte jurisdicciones contaron con normativa para el acceso a la información pública y seis no tuvieron regulaciones para los comedores escolares. En cualquier escenario normativo (con/sin ley sobre el acceso a la información pública) fue escaso el acceso a la información de las políticas de comedores escolares. Los aspectos más críticos fueron: indicadores, periodo de implementación de los servicios alimentarios, presupuestos, presencia de enfoque de accesibilidad universal y articulación con otras políticas sociales. Conclusiones: Se necesita de manera urgente aplicar criterios de transparencia a las políticas de comedores escolares. Los gobiernos a nivel nacional y subnacional deben demostrar un mayor compromiso para garantizar el derecho al acceso a la información pública en las políticas alimentarias y nutricionales y consolidar los entornos virtuales como principal herramienta para aproximar el Estado a la ciudadanía(AU)


Introduction: Transparency and access to public information are important mechanisms that facilitate and enable participatory public policies. However, there is little precedent for applying its principles to food and nutrition policies. Objective: Explore the current state of transparency of the food policy of school canteens in Argentina through the chances of access to public information. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and exploratory study with quantitative and qualitative methods based on analysis of government documents published until 2019 on the websites of ministries at the national level and of the 24 jurisdictions of the country. The technique of content analysis and triangulation by observer was used. 308 documents were included. Results: Twenty jurisdictions had regulations for access to public information and six had no regulations for school canteens. In any regulatory scenario (with/without a law on access to public information) access to information on school canteen policies was scarce. The most critical aspects were: indicators, period of implementation of food services, budgets, presence of a universal accessibility approach and articulation with other social policies. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to apply transparency criteria to school canteen policies. Governments at the national and sub-national levels must show a greater commitment to guarantee the right to access public information in food and nutrition policies and consolidate virtual environments as the main tool to bring the State closer to citizens(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , School Feeding , Access to Information , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Exploratory Behavior , Child Nutrition/education , Food Services , Argentina , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
9.
Rev. cub. inf. cienc. salud ; 33: e1871, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408118

ABSTRACT

O fenômeno denominado infodemia refere-se ao aumento do volume informacional sobre um tema em específico, que se multiplica rapidamente em um curto período de tempo, e tem-se destacado frente ao contexto da crise sanitária desencadeada pela pandemia de COVID-19. O excesso de informações pode suscitar sentimentos de medo, ansiedade, estresse e outras condições de sofrimento mental. O estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil de exposição a informações sobre COVID-19 e suas repercussões na saúde mental de idosos brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 1924 idosos brasileiros. Coletaram-se dados por meio de web-based survey enviada aos idosos por redes sociais e e-mail, no período de julho a outubro de 2020. Os resultados da análise descritiva dos dados demonstram que a maioria dos idosos apresentou idade entre 60 e 69 anos (69,02por cento), é do sexo feminino (71,26por cento), casados (53,79 por cento) e de cor branca (75,57por cento). Cerca de 21,67por cento (n = 417) concluíram a graduação, 19,75por cento (380) concluíram especialização e 16,63por cento (320) concluíram mestrado ou doutorado. Foram reportados como fontes frequentes de exposição às notícias ou informações sobre a COVID-19, a televisão 862 (44,80por cento) e as redes sociais 651 (33,84por cento). Os participantes assinalaram que a televisão (46,47por cento; n = 872), as redes sociais (30,81por cento; n = 575) e o rádio (14,48por cento; 251) os afetavam psicológica e/ou fisicamente. Receber notícias falsas sobre a COVID-19 pela televisão (n = 482; 19,8por cento) e pelas redes sociais (n = 415; 21,5por cento) repercutiu, principalmente, estresse e medo. As informações disseminadas contribuem para conscientização, mas, também, afetam física e/ou psicologicamente muitos idosos, principalmente gerando medo e estresse(AU)


El fenómeno denominado infodemia hace referencia al aumento del volumen de información sobre un tema específico, que se multiplica rápidamente en un corto período, y ha destacado en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria desencadenada por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Demasiada información puede desencadenar sentimientos de miedo, ansiedad, estrés y otras condiciones de angustia mental. El estudio tiene como objetivo describir el perfil de exposición a la información sobre la COVID-19 y sus repercusiones en la salud mental de los ancianos brasileños. Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con 1924 ancianos brasileños. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de una encuesta web enviada a los ancianos a través de redes sociales y correo electrónico, de julio a octubre de 2020. Los resultados del análisis descriptivo de los datos muestran que la mayoría de los ancianos tenían entre 60 y 69 años (69,02 por ciento), mujer (71,26 por ciento), casada (53,79 por ciento) y blanca (75,57 por ciento). El 21,67 por ciento (n = 417) concluyó su graduación, el 19,75 por ciento (380) concluyó especialización y el 16,63 por ciento (320) concluyó maestría o doctorado. La televisión 862 (44,80 por ciento) y las redes sociales 651 (33,84 por ciento) se reportaron como fuentes frecuentes de exposición a noticias o información sobre el COVID-19. Los participantes indicaron que la televisión (46,47 por ciento; n = 872), las redes sociales (30,81 por ciento; n = 575) y la radio (14,48 por ciento; 251) les afectaban psicológica y/o físicamente. Recibir noticias falsas sobre el COVID-19 en la televisión (n = 482; 19,8 por ciento) y en las redes sociales (n = 415; 21,5 por ciento) resultó principalmente en estrés y miedo. La información difundida contribuye a la sensibilización, pero también afecta física y/o psicológicamente a muchas personas mayores, generando principalmente miedo y estrés(AU)


The phenomenon called infodemia refers to the increase in the volume of information on a specific topic, which multiplies rapidly in a short period of time, and has stood out in the context of the health crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Too much information can trigger feelings of fear, anxiety, stress, and other conditions of mental distress. The study aims to describe the profile of exposure to information about COVID-19 and its repercussions on the mental health of elderly Brazilians. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 1924 elderly Brazilians. Data were collected through a web-based survey sent to the elderly via social networks and email, from July to October 2020. The results of the descriptive analysis of the data show that most of the elderly were aged between 60 and 69 years (69.02percent), female (71.26percent), married (53.79percent) and white (75.57percent). About 21.67percent (n = 417) concluded their graduation, 19.75percent (380) concluded their specialization and 16.63percent (320) concluded their master's or doctoral degrees. Television 862 (44.80percent) and social networks 651 (33.84percent) were reported as frequent sources of exposure to news or information about COVID-19. Participants indicated that television (46.47percent; n = 872), social networks (30.81percent; n = 575) and radio (14.48percent; 251) affected them psychologically and/or physically. Receiving fake news about COVID-19 on television (n = 482; 19.8percent) and on social media (n = 415; 21.5percent) mainly resulted in stress and fear. The disseminated information contributes to awareness, but also affects physically and/or psychologically many elderly people, mainly generating fear and stress(AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Information Dissemination/methods , Health Communication/methods , COVID-19/epidemiology , Infodemic , Infodemiology , Geriatric Nursing , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multicenter Study , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Exploratory Behavior
10.
Edumecentro ; 14: e1758, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404578

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Los premios LURAP, creados por la American Physiological Society, constituyen una iniciativa establecida en Cuba y otros países que tienen miembros en esa sociedad. Ellos pueden nominar anualmente un estudiante de la carrera de Medicina para este premio. El Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo es una entidad de ciencia, técnica e innovación que pertenece a la Facultad "Miguel Enríquez" de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana; se distingue por su producción científica, allí los alumnos constituyen una parte importante de los logros investigativos que exhibe esta entidad de ciencia y técnica, a lo cual ha contribuido el estímulo que representa obtener el premio LURAP (Local Undergraduate Research Award in Physiology) que otorga internacionalmente la mencionada sociedad.


ABSTRACT The LURAP awards, created by the American Physiological Society, constitute an initiative established in Cuba and other countries that have members in that society. They can annually nominate a medical student for this award. The Central Laboratory of Cerebrospinal Fluid is an entity of science, technique and innovation that belongs to the "Miguel Enríquez" Faculty of Havana University of Medical Sciences; it´s distinguished by its scientific production, there the students constitute an important part of the research achievements exhibited by this science and technique entity, to which the encouragement represented by obtaining the LURAP (Local Undergraduate Research Award in Physiology) award has contributed. It´s internationally granted by the aforementioned company.


Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes , Research , Education, Medical , Exploratory Behavior
11.
Suma psicol ; 28(1): 10-16, Jan.-June 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1280690

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R) was developed to provide an efficient screening scale for depression syndrome, mimicking the original CESD, one of the most widely used screening tools to measure depressive symptoms globally. This investigation examined the factor structure of the CESD-R with a non-clinical Brazilian population. Method: We performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of two adult samples, and also conducted invariance analysis by sex and place of residence of the participants. The full sample consisted of 1,427 adults, divided into two groups. The first sample (n = 400) was used for the EFA and the second sample (n = 1027) for the CFA. Results: The EFA indicated an internal structure composed of a single factor, which explained 53.2% of the variance. The CFA attested to the unidimensionality of the measure. Fit indices and reliability indicators showed values higher than expected, without modifications in the initial structure. The model was invariant in relation to the variables investigated at four different levels (configural, metric, scalar, and strict). Conclusions: Our findings support the utility of the CESD-R and suggest its validity for application to the Brazilian population in general.


Resumo Introdução: A Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Revised (CESD-R) foi elaborada para fornecer um eficiente diagnóstico de sintomas de depressão, seguindo a proposta original da CESD, que é uma das escalas para rastreamento da depressão mais utilizadas mundialmente. Esta pesquisa avaliou a estrutura fatorial da CESD-R em uma população não-clínica no Brasil. Método: Realizaram-se análises fatoriais exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC) com duas amostras compostas por adultos. Também foi verificada a invariância do modelo por sexo e local de residência do participante. A amostra total foi composta por 1427 adultos, tendo sido dividida em duas subamostras. A primeira subamostra (n = 400) foi utilizada para a AFE e a segunda (n = 1027) para a AFC. Resultados: A AFE indicou uma estrutura interna composta por um único fator, que explicou 53.2% de variância. A AFC atestou unidimensionalidade da medida. Os índices de ajuste e indicadores de confiabilidade apresentaram valores acima do esperado, sem modificações na estrutura inicial. O modelo foi invariante em relação às variáveis investigadas em quatro diferentes níveis (configural, métrico, escalar e estrito). Conclusões: Os presentes achados suportam a utilidade da CESD-R e sugerem sua validade para aplicação na população brasileira.


Subject(s)
Depression , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Exploratory Behavior
12.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 20(2): e2957, mar.-abr. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1251793

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existen plantas que se usan desde tiempos ancestrales con efecto alucinógeno y alteraciones al sistema nervioso central, debido a la presencia principalmente de mezcalina son usadas para cumplir objetivos tradicionales asociados a la adivinación, curandería, divinidad y otros. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto del extracto acuoso de Trichocereus pachanoi a dosis de 10 por ciento, 20 por ciento y 30 por ciento sobre el comportamiento exploratorio de carácter depresivo en Rattus rattus var. albinus. Material y métodos: El presente estudio experimental es de carácter exploratorio aplicado, constructivo y prospectivo, se formaron 4 grupos de 10 ratas cada uno a las que se les administró extracto acuoso de Trichocereus pachanoi en dosis creciente, luego fueron sometidas a natación forzada con entrenamiento previo de 15 minutos. Resultados: El grupo que no recibió tratamiento alguno posee la más baja respuesta en gasto de tiempo para el escalamiento, comparado con los grupos B, C y D que presentan 13,5 min. 17,17 min. y 24,37 min. respectivamente. También en la evaluación de la movilidad, el grupo A posee en valor más bajo, comparado con los grupos B, C y D que presentan 13,42 min. 17,62 min. y 23,12 min., respectivamente. Conclusiones: El tratamiento en ratas con extracto acuoso de Trichocereus pachanoi a concentraciones de 10 por ciento, 20 por ciento y 30 por ciento ha sido eficaz en producir un efecto tranquilizante en el comportamiento exploratorio de carácter depresivo en el sujeto(AU)


Introduction: Since ancient times, some mescaline containing plants that have hallucinogen effects and cause alterations in the central nervous system have been used to fulfill traditional objectives associated with divination, healing, spirituality and others. Objective: To determine the effect of the aqueous extract of Trichocereus pachanoi at doses of 10 %, 20 % and 30 % solution on depression-like exploratory behavior in Rattus rattus var. albinus. Material and Methods: The present experimental study, which is exploratory, constructive and prospective in nature, was conducted in 4 groups of 10 rats. The rats were administered increasing doses of aqueous extract of Trichocereus pachanoi; then, they underwent forced swimming with a previous 15-minute training. Results: The group that did not receive any treatment had the lowest response to the duration of time spent at scaling compared to groups B, C and D that spent 13.5 min., 17.17 min., and 24.37 min., respectively. Also, in the evaluation of mobility, group A showed the lowest value compared to groups B, C and D that recorded 13.42 min., 17.62 min., and 23.12 min., respectively. Conclusions: The treatment with aqueous extract of Trichocereus pachanoi at concentrations of 10 percent, 20 percent and 30 percent applied to rats has been effective in producing a tranquilizer effect on the depression-like exploratory behavior in rats(AU)


Subject(s)
Rats , Tranquilizing Agents , Central Nervous System , Exploratory Behavior , Hallucinogens , Mescaline
13.
Edumecentro ; 12(1): 185-201, ene.-mar. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1090006

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: la investigación resulta un proceso complejo si las personas que la realizan son maestros noveles que intentan dar solución a problemas identificados en su práctica pedagógica. Objetivo: analizar desde una mirada problematizadora y dialéctica el proceso investigativo tomando como referencia "los seis humildes sirvientes" de Rudyard Kipling. Métodos: se presenta el resultado de la experiencia de las autoras obtenido a través de su participación en eventos, discusiones, debates científicos, asesoría de tesis de maestrías y tribunales en defensa de doctorados. Se consultaron textos de Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), de donde se seleccionó el analizado, artículos elaborados por las autoras y publicados en revistas internacionales; además de otras fuentes impresas y digitalizadas de pertinencia con el tema, utilizando buscadores reconocidos. Desarrollo: se enfatiza en la necesidad de enfrentar el proceso investigativo desde el inicio con una actitud cuestionadora que encamine un proceso de problematización desde la práctica y la teoría. Las autoras se apoyan en las seis preguntas básicas formuladas por Kipling quien, aunque no las formuló con el propósito de orientar el trabajo de investigación, les atribuyó un valor inapreciable en la adquisición del conocimiento y han sido utilizadas con este fin por diversos autores en disímiles ramas y especialidades. Conclusiones: se demostró la eficacia de aplicar "los seis humildes sirvientes" del escritor inglés Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) al vincularlos con categorías específicas de la investigación y su utilidad para emprender este difícil proceso, sobre todo dirigido a maestros noveles que intentan dar solución a problemas identificados en su práctica pedagógica pero sin experiencia como investigadores.


ABSTRACT Background: researching is a complex process if the people who carry it out are new teachers who try to solve problems identified in their pedagogical practice. Objective: to analyze the researching process from a problem-solving and dialectical perspective, taking as reference "the six humble servants" of Rudyard Kipling. Methods: the result of the experience of the authors obtained through their participation in events, discussions, scientific debates, advice on master´s thesis and examining boards in defense of doctorates is presented. Texts by Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) were consulted, from which the analyzed one was selected, articles prepared by the authors and published in international journals; In addition to other printed and electronic sources of relevance to the subject, using recognized search engines. Development: the need to face the researching process from the beginning is emphasized with a questioning attitude that guides a problem-solving process from practice and theory. The authors rely on the six basic questions asked by Kipling who, although he did not ask them for the purpose of guiding the research work, he attributed them an invaluable value in the acquisition of knowledge and they have been used for this purpose by various authors in dissimilar branches and specialties. Conclusions: the effectiveness of applying "the six humble servants" of the English writer Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) was demonstrated by linking them to specific categories of research and their usefulness to undertake this difficult process, especially aimed at novice teachers trying to give solution to problems identified in their pedagogical practice but without experience as researchers.


Subject(s)
Research , Research Design , Education, Medical , Exploratory Behavior , Learning
14.
J. child adolesc. ment. health (Online) ; J. child adolesc. ment. health (Online);32(1): 23-34, 2020.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1263514

ABSTRACT

Objective: Mental health professionals frequently classify children's attachment style using a combination of the parent/caregiver interview, an interview with the child, the interviewer's clinical impressions, and at times, the child's responses to projective tests not aimed at eliciting attachment specific information. However, no studies have been conducted on the validity or reliability of attachment classifications based on developmental histories. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of history-based attachment classifications.Method: Attachment classifications based on intake interviews, administered to 35 eight to twelve-year- old children and their caregivers attending an outpatient mental clinic service in a government hospital in Johannesburg, were compared to classifications obtained through the Attachment Story Completion Test (ASCT). The level of agreement between rates and across assessment measures was analysed.Results: The association between ASCT and history-based attachment classifications was poor. Conclusion: The possible misclassification of children's attachment styles according to histories has implications for both diagnosis and treatment


Subject(s)
Exploratory Behavior
15.
Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto, Online) ; 30: e3021, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1135424

ABSTRACT

Abstract The relationship between physical stimulus and perception is fundamental to understand aesthetic appreciation. This study aimed to examine how the properties of sculptures influence their artistic appreciation. Thirteen participants touched altered sculptures from the series Bichos de Lygia Clark. Participants indicated their perceptions for each stimulus using Semantic Differential Scales (7-point Likert scale): Complexity, Irregularity, Amount of pieces, Interest and Pleasingness. The duration of manipulation was recorded. The results showed that sculptures perceived as having more pieces were the ones judged to have a high level of Complexity and Irregularity. Sculptures evaluated as demonstrating a high level of Complexity and Irregularity were considered more interesting, although less pleasant. Participants tended to spend more time exploring the more complex sculptures. The results indicate that the amount of informational content, represented by the amount of pieces present in the sculpture, can influence the way it is perceived and affect its hedonic value.


Resumo A relação entre estímulo físico e percepção é fundamental para entender a apreciação estética. Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar como propriedades de esculturas influenciam suas apreciações artísticas. Treze participantes tocaram esculturas alteradas da série Bichos de Lygia Clark. Os participantes indicaram suas percepções para cada estímulo usando Escalas de Diferencial Semântico (tipo Likert - 7 pontos): Complexidade, Irregularidade, Quantidade de peças, Interesse e Agradabilidade. A duração da manipulação foi registrada. Os resultados mostraram que esculturas julgadas como tendo maior quantidade de peças foram julgadas como tendo alto nível de Complexidade e Irregularidade. Esculturas avaliadas como demonstrando um alto nível de Complexidade e Irregularidade foram consideradas mais interessantes, embora menos agradáveis. Os participantes tenderam a gastar mais tempo explorando as esculturas mais complexas. Os resultados indicam que a quantidade de conteúdo informacional, representado pela quantidade de peças presente na escultura, pode influenciar o modo como ela é percebida e afetar seu valor hedônico.


Resumen La relación entre el estímulo físico y la percepción es esencial para comprender la apreciación estética. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar cómo las propiedades de las esculturas influyen en su apreciación artística. Trece participantes tocaron esculturas alteradas de la serie Bichos de Lygia Clark. Los participantes manifestaron sus percepciones para cada estímulo utilizando Escalas de Diferencial Semántico (de tipo Likert - 7 puntos): Complejidad, Irregularidad, Cantidad de piezas, Interés y Satisfacción. Se registró la duración de la manipulación. Los resultados apuntaron que las esculturas consideradas con más cantidad de piezas tenían un alto grado de Complejidad e Irregularidad. Las esculturas evaluadas con un alto grado de Complejidad e Irregularidad se consideraron más interesantes, aunque menos agradables. Los participantes tendían a pasar más tiempo explorando las esculturas más complejas. Los resultados indican que la cantidad de contenido informativo, representado por la cantidad de piezas presentes en la escultura, puede influir en la forma de percibirla y afectar su valor hedónico.


Subject(s)
Perception , Art , Sculpture , Semantic Differential , Serial Publications , Weights and Measures , Unified Health System , Affect , Esthetics , Exploratory Behavior
16.
Educ. med. super ; 33(1): e1535, ene.-mar. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1089892

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las realidades sociales y problemáticas que se visibilizan en el proceso de cambio de la educación centrada en la enseñanza ante la pedagogía centrada en el aprendizaje, demandan un compromiso docente en competencias didácticas, para responder desde su función en la formación integral de los estudiantes y lograr la calidad educativa en educación superior. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión documental referente al tema estudio de caso y simulación como metodologías activas para la formación integral de los estudiantes en psicología médica. Métodos: Se utilizó el método cualitativo, exploratorio, la técnica de recolección de datos fue mediante una revisión documental de 30 investigaciones referentes al tema estudio de caso y simulación en psicología médica. Resultados: El estudio de caso y la simulación como metodologías activas fueron valoradas como eficaces, ya que el estudiante logra competencias tales como la autonomía, la independencia, el liderazgo, capacidad de reflexión y de pensamiento crítico, curiosidad por el emprendimiento, así como la toma de decisiones, parte esencial de una formación académica integral. Conclusiones: Las metodologías activas como el estudio de caso y la simulación promueven la formación integral en el estudiante del área de la salud, ya que permiten la participación del estudiante para que construya su aprendizaje en grupo, lo que promueve el desarrollo de competencias para actuar en situaciones reales(AU)


Introduction: The social and problematic realities that are visible in the process of change of education centered on teaching before the pedagogy focused on learning, demand a teaching commitment in didactic competitions, to respond from its function in the integral formation of students and achieve educational quality in higher education. Objective: To carry out a documentary review regarding the topic of case study and simulation as active methodologies for the integral formation of students in medical psychology. Methods: The qualitative, exploratory method was used; the technique of data collection was through a documentary review of 30 investigations related to the subject of case study and simulation in medical psychology. Results: The case study and the simulation as active methodologies were valued as effective, since the student achieves competences such as autonomy, independence, leadership, capacity for reflection and critical thinking, curiosity for entrepreneurship, as well as the decision making, an essential part of a comprehensive academic education. Conclusions: Active methodologies such as the case study and simulation promote the integral education of the student in the health area, since they allow the student to participate in building their group learning, which promotes the development of competences to act in real situations(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Medical , Simulation Exercise , Universities , Exploratory Behavior
17.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-776546

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of prenatal cold stress on the behavior and mood of offspring in pregnant rats.@*METHODS@#Six SPF-class Wister pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal temperature control group and cold stress group with 3 rats in each group. The pregnant female rats in the normal temperature control group were kept in the environment of (22 ±2)℃, and the pregnant female rats in the cold stress group were placed in the artificial intelligence climate chamber at(4 ±0.1)℃ for 7 days before the birth, and the young rats were divided into normal temperature after the young rats were born. After the young rats were born, they were divided into normal temperature control group of male rats (MR, 22), normal temperature control group of mother rats (FR, 15), cold stress group of male rats (MC, 15), and cold stress group of female rats (FC, 15) .In the fourth generation of the offspring, the open field experiment and the elevated cross maze test were carried out.@*RESULTS@#In the open field experiment, there was no significant difference in spontaneous activity and exploration behavior between the normal temperature control group and the cold stress group (P>0.05). In the elevated plus maze experiment, the retention time of the open arms, the number of open arms and the distance of the male and female rats in the cold stress group were significantly higher than those in the normal temperature control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Prenatal maternal cold stress has no significant effect on spontaneous activity, exploration behavior and activity level of offspring, but the offspring have obvious abnormal behaviors with reduced anxiety behavior.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Pregnancy , Rats , Anxiety , Behavior, Animal , Cold-Shock Response , Exploratory Behavior , Maze Learning , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Random Allocation , Stress, Psychological
18.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-759811

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of alternative tobacco and nicotine products (ATNPs) use among adolescents is a global concern that has been attributed to the reemergence of preexisting alternative tobacco products and emergence of new ones in the market. This study examined ATNP use among late adolescents. The association between ATNP use and reasons for using them was explored. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 involving 388 late adolescents from six government colleges in Kelantan, Malaysia, aged 18 to 19 years. They were requested to answer self-directed questionnaires with items on sociodemographic information and types of ATNP used. Other variables obtained include the environmental influence and reasons for using the products. Regression analyses between the dependent and independent variables were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: The prevalence of ATNP use among late adolescents was 14.4%. The male sex, cigarette smoking status, and peer use were significantly associated with ATNP use. Several reasons for use were not significantly associated with ATNP use: perception of ATNP being less harmful and less addictive compared with cigarettes, curiosity, less expensive than cigarettes, to aid smoking cessation, and pleasurable flavors and taste. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ATNP use among late adolescents studying in government colleges in Kelantan is significant. There is higher perception on ATNP being less harmful and addictive than the conventional cigarette among the users compared with non-users. Significant associations are seen for the male sex, peer use, and concurrent cigarette smoking.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exploratory Behavior , Malaysia , Nicotine , Prevalence , Smoking , Smoking Cessation , Tobacco Products , Nicotiana
19.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;52(11): e8899, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039258

ABSTRACT

Few behavioral tests allow measuring several characteristics and most require training, complex analyses, and/or are time-consuming. We present an apparatus based on rat exploratory behavior. Composed of three different environments, it allows the assessment of more than one behavioral characteristic in a short 3-min session. Factorial analyses have defined three behavioral dimensions, which we named Exploration, Impulsivity, and Self-protection. Behaviors composing the Exploration factor were increased by chlordiazepoxide and apomorphine and decreased by pentylenetetrazole. Behaviors composing the Impulsivity factor were increased by chlordiazepoxide, apomorphine, and both acute and chronic imipramine treatments. Behaviors composing the Self-protection factor were decreased by apomorphine. We submitted Wistar rats to the open-field test, the elevated-plus maze, and to the apparatus we are proposing. Measures related to exploratory behavior in all three tests were correlated. Measures composing the factors Impulsivity and Self-protection did not correlate with any measures from the two standard tests. Also, compared with existing impulsivity tests, the one we proposed did not require previous learning, training, or sophisticated analysis. Exploration measures from our test are as easy to obtain as the ones from other standard tests. Thus, we have proposed an apparatus that measured three different behavioral characteristics, was simple and fast, did not require subjects to be submitted to previous learning or training, was sensitive to drug treatments, and did not require sophisticated data analyses.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Anxiety/psychology , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Behavioral Research/instrumentation , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Fear/physiology , Impulsive Behavior/physiology , Time Factors , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Apomorphine/pharmacology , Chlordiazepoxide/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Maze Learning/drug effects , GABA Antagonists/pharmacology , Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology , Exploratory Behavior/drug effects , Fear/drug effects , Impulsive Behavior/drug effects , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology
20.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;52(11): e8441, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039261

ABSTRACT

The heptapeptide Bj-PRO-7a, isolated and identified from Bothrops jararaca (Bj) venom, produces antihypertensive and other cardiovascular effects that are independent on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, possibly relying on cholinergic muscarinic receptors subtype 1 (M1R). However, whether Bj-PRO-7a acts upon the central nervous system and modifies behavior is yet to be determined. Therefore, the aims of this study were: i) to assess the effects of acute administration of Bj-PRO-7a upon behavior; ii) to reveal mechanisms involved in the effects of Bj-PRO-7a upon locomotion/exploration, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors. For this purpose, adult male Wistar (WT, wild type) and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) received intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (0.9% NaCl), diazepam (2 mg/kg), imipramine (15 mg/kg), Bj-PRO-7a (71, 213 or 426 nmol/kg), pirenzepine (852 nmol/kg), α-methyl-DL-tyrosine (200 mg/kg), or chlorpromazine (2 mg/kg), and underwent elevated plus maze, open field, and forced swimming tests. The heptapeptide promoted anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects and increased locomotion/exploration. These effects of Bj-PRO-7a seem to be dependent on M1R activation and dopaminergic receptors and rely on catecholaminergic pathways.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Oligopeptides/pharmacology , Anxiety , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Crotalid Venoms/chemistry , Depression , Exploratory Behavior/drug effects , Oligopeptides/isolation & purification , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Proline/isolation & purification , Proline/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar
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