ABSTRACT
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a safe and effective procedure in patients with end-stage ostheoarthritis. In the last years the indication for THA is increasingly in younger patients, associated with rising of life expectancy, this imply an increase in revision surgeries for various causes such as: aseptic loosening, fractures and infections. In this context and in view of the need to replace the femoral component, alternatives to the classic extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) arise, such as the anterior cortical window (ACW), which allows the rate of complications to be reduced with excellent results. We present the case of a 51-year-old patient who sustained one episode of dislocation, who required revision surgery due to aseptic loosenig, where the ACW was used for the extraction of the stem. In addition, a review of the literature was made to show advantages and complications regarding ETO.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Reoperation/methods , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip , Hip Prosthesis , Prosthesis Design , Prosthesis Failure , Periprosthetic Fractures/surgery , Femoral Fractures/surgeryABSTRACT
Introducción: Las fracturas de la diáfisis femoral son lesiones que requieren gran energía y a menudo asocian otras lesiones. Este es el caso de las lesiones ligamentarias de rodilla, las cuales pueden pasar desapercibidas por el equipo médico tratante. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es revisar la literatura existente sobre esta asociación lesional. Dentro de la misma se buscará la metodología diagnóstica utilizada y la incidencia de las lesiones ligamentarias. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de forma sistematizada a través de los portales de búsqueda PubMed y Timbó. La búsqueda alcanzó un total de 3099 artículos y de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 15 trabajos. Resultados: Los diferentes artículos utilizaron examen físico bajo anestesia, radiografías en estrés, artroscopía o resonancia nuclear magnética para establecer el diagnóstico de las lesiones ligamentarias asociadas a las fracturas de diáfisis femoral. Un 22,5% de las fracturas femorales asoció lesión ligamentaria de rodilla, siendo la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior el 34% de las lesiones reportadas. Discusión: Se evidencia una gran variabilidad en la incidencia de lesiones ligamentarias y de cuál es el ligamento más frecuentemente lesionado, yendo desde 5,3% a 52,5% en estudios tanto retrospectivos como prospectivos con bajos números de pacientes. Se plantea un algoritmo diagnóstico para los pacientes que puedan presentar esta asociación lesional, para evitar que los mismos pasen desapercibidos al equipo médico tratante. Logrando un diagnóstico precoz se puede mejorar el pronóstico de estos pacientes. Conclusión: De nuestra revisión se desprende que en el contexto de una fractura de diáfisis femoral un 22,5% de los pacientes presenta lesiones ligamentarias de rodilla con un 34% de compromiso del LCA. Sin embargo, estas cifras son muy variables en los distintos trabajos. Por esta razón, creemos necesario llevar a cabo un estudio prospectivo con mayor número de pacientes para lograr valorar la verdadera epidemiología de estas lesiones.
Introduction: Femoral shaft fractures require great energy and are often associated with other injuries. This is the case of knee ligament injuries, which can go unnoticed by the treating physician The objective of our work is to review the existing literature on this injury association. Within it, the diagnostic methodology used and the incidence of ligamentous injuries will be sought. Materials and methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in a systematic way through the search portals PubMed and Timbó. The search reached a total of 3099 articles and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 works were selected. Results: The different articles used physical examination under anesthesia, stress radiographs, arthroscopy or magnetic resonance imaging to establish the diagnosis of ligamentous injuries associated with femoral diaphysis fractures. 22.5% of femoral fractures were associated with knee ligament injury, with anterior cruciate ligament accounting for 34% of reported injuries. Discussion: There is evidence of a great variability in the incidence of ligament injuries and which is the most frequently injured ligament, ranging from 5.3% to 52.5% in both retrospective and prospective studies with low numbers of patients. A diagnostic algorithm is proposed for patients who may present this lesional association, to prevent them from going unnoticed by the treating medical team. Achieving an early diagnosis can improve the prognosis of these patients. Conclusion: Our review shows that in the context of a femoral diaphysis fracture, 22.5% of patients present knee ligament injuries with 34% of ACL involvement. However, these figures are highly variable in the different studies. For this reason, we believe it is necessary to carry out a prospective study with a larger number of patients in order to assess the true epidemiology of these lesions.
Introdução: As fraturas da diáfise do fêmur são lesões que requerem grande energia e muitas vezes estão associadas a outras lesões. É o caso das lesões ligamentares do joelho, que podem passar despercebidas pela equipe médica que o trata. O objetivo do nosso trabalho é revisar a literatura existente sobre essa associação lesional. Dentro dele, será buscada a metodologia diagnóstica utilizada e a incidência de lesões ligamentares. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica de forma sistemática através dos portais de busca PubMed e Timbó. A busca atingiu um total de 3099 artigos e de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 15 trabalhos foram selecionados. Resultados: Os diferentes artigos utilizaram o exame físico sob anestesia, radiografias de estresse, artroscopia ou ressonância magnética para estabelecer o diagnóstico de lesões ligamentares associadas às fraturas da diáfise do fêmur. 22,5% das fraturas do fêmur foram associadas à lesão ligamentar do joelho, sendo a lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior responsável por 34% das lesões relatadas. Discussão: Há evidências de uma grande variabilidade na incidência de lesões ligamentares e qual é o ligamento mais frequentemente lesado, variando de 5,3% a 52,5% em estudos retrospectivos e prospectivos com baixo número de pacientes. Um algoritmo diagnóstico é proposto para os pacientes que podem apresentar essa associação lesional, para evitar que passem despercebidos pela equipe médica responsável. O diagnóstico precoce pode melhorar o prognóstico desses pacientes. Conclusão: Nossa revisão mostra que no contexto de fratura da diáfise do fêmur, 22,5% dos pacientes apresentam lesões ligamentares do joelho com 34% de envolvimento do LCA. No entanto, esses números são altamente variáveis âânos diferentes estudos. Por esse motivo, acreditamos ser necessário realizar um estudo prospectivo com um número maior de pacientes para avaliar a verdadeira epidemiologia dessas lesões.
Subject(s)
Humans , Femoral Fractures/complications , Joint Instability , Knee Injuries/diagnosis , Incidence , Femoral Fractures/epidemiology , Knee Injuries/etiology , Knee Injuries/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract Two cases of bone failure after fracture of the distal region of the femur treated with the Masquelet technique are presented. The first case involves acute bone loss, and the second, pseudarthrosis. The proper management of these lesions led to consolidation and a good functional result.
Resumo Dois casos de falha óssea após fratura da região distal do fêmur tratados pela técnica de Masquelet são apresentados. O primeiro caso envolve uma perda óssea aguda, e o segundo, uma pseudoartrose. O manejo adequado dessas lesões levou à consolidação e a um bom resultado funcional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pseudarthrosis/therapy , Bone Transplantation/methods , Femoral Fractures/surgeryABSTRACT
Abstract Objective The present study aims to describe outcomes from a series of surgically treated patients with atypical femoral fracture due to bisphosphonates use, in addition to correlate the time of previous medication use with fracture consolidation time, and to compare the consolidation time of complete and incomplete fractures. Methods This is an observational, retrospective study with 66 patients diagnosed with atypical femur fractures associated with chronic bisphosphonates use. The patients underwent orthopedic surgical treatment at a referral hospital from January 2018 to March 2020. Results All patients were females, with two bilateral cases. Fracture consolidation occurred in all cases, with an average time of 2.3 months and a follow-up time of 5.8 months. The average time of bisphosphonates use was 7.8 years. There was no correlation between the time of previous bisphosphonates use and the time for fracture consolidation. Consolidation time differed in complete and incomplete fractures. Conclusion Surgical treatment with a long cephalomedullary nail resulted in consolidation in all patients. The consolidation time was longer in complete fractures when compared with incomplete lesions, and there was no correlation between the time of previous bisphosphonates use and the consolidation time . Level of evidenceLevel IV, case series
Resumo Objetivo Descrever os resultados de uma série de pacientes tratados cirurgicamente com diagnóstico de fratura femoral atípica associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos, assim como correlacionar o tempo de uso prévio da medicação com o tempo de consolidação da fratura e comparar o tempo de consolidação das fraturas completas e incompletas. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional e retrospectivo de 66 pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura atípica do fêmur associada ao uso crônico de bisfosfonatos. Os pacientes foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico ortopédico em hospital de referência no período de janeiro de 2018 a março de 2020. Resultados Os pacientes incluídos no estudo eram todos do sexo feminino, com dois casos bilaterais. A consolidação da fratura ocorreu em todos os casos com tempo médio de 2,3 meses e seguimento de 5,8 meses. O tempo médio de uso de bisfosfonatos foi de 7,8 anos. Não houve correlação do tempo de uso prévio de bisfosfonatos com o tempo de consolidação das fraturas. Houve uma diferença do tempo de consolidação entre as fraturas completas e incompletas. Conclusão Houve consolidação após tratamento cirúrgico com haste cefalomedular longa em todos os pacientes do presente estudo, sendo o tempo de consolidação maior nas fraturas completas em relação às incompletas, e não houve correlação entre o tempo de uso prévio de bisfosfonatos e o tempo de consolidação. Nível de evidênciaNível IV, série de casos
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Osteoporosis/therapy , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Femoral Fractures/surgeryABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To estimate the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus and cephalosporin nonsusceptible bacteria colonization in patients with proximal femoral fracture during preoperative hospitalization. Methods Prevalence and incidence assessment in 63 hospitalized patients over 1 year. The median time of pretreatment hospitalization was 12 days. Samples were collected from the nostrils, groin skin and anal mucosa during the pretreatment hospitalization and were tested by the disc-diffusion technique. Results The hospital colonization incidence and the prevalence of positive results were 14.3 and 44.4% for S. aureus; 3.2 and 6.4% for meticillin-resistant S. aureus; 28.6 and 85.7% for meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; 28.6 and 61.9% for cefazolin nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae (KFNSE); and 20.6 and 28.6% for cefuroxime nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CXNSE). In addition, factors such as to the duration of the pretreatment hospitalization period, being non-walker before fracture, antimicrobial use, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 4 surgical risk, and previous hospitalization, were related to an increase in the incidence of hospital acquisition and prevalence of colonization by the evaluated strains. The prevalence of colonization by KFNSE was three times higher than by CXNSE on admission, and twice as high at the time of fracture treatment. Conclusion There was a high incidence of hospital colonization and prevalence of colonization by all strains studied, which may guide the indication of prophylactic measures for infection.
Resumo Objetivo Estimar a frequência da colonização por Staphylococcus aureus e as bactérias não suscetíveis à cefalosporina, em pacientes com fratura proximal do fêmur durante a internação pré-operatória. Métodos Avaliação da prevalência e incidência em 63 pacientes hospitalizados ao longo de um ano. O tempo médio de internação pré-tratamento foi de 12 dias. As amostras foram coletadas das narinas, pele da virilha e mucosa anal, durante a internação prévia ao tratamento e testadas pela técnica de disco-difusão. Resultados A incidência da colonização hospitalar e a prevalência de resultados positivos foram de 14,3% e 44,4% para Staphylococcus aureus; 3,2% e 6,4% para S. aureus resistente à meticilina; 28,6% e 85,7% para Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo resistente à meticilina; 28,6% e 61,9% para Enterobacteriaceae não suscetível à cefazolina (KFNSE); e 20,6% e 28,6% para Enterobacteriaceae não suscetível à cefuroxima (CXNSE). Além da duração do período de internação pré-tratamento, os pacientes não deambularam previamente à ocorrência da fratura e nem fizeram uso de antimicrobiano. Além disso, a duração do período de internação pré-tratamento cirúrgico, ser não-deambulador antes da fratura, uso de antimicrobianos, risco cirúrgico IV pela American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) e internação anterior, estiveram relacionados a um aumento na incidência de aquisição hospitalar e prevalência de colonização pelas cepas avaliadas. A prevalência de colonização pela KFNSE foi três vezes maior do que pela CXNSE na admissão e duas vezes maior no momento do tratamento da fratura. Conclusão Observou-se uma alta incidência da colonização hospitalar e prevalência da colonização por todas as cepas estudadas, o que pode orientar a indicação de medidas profiláticas contra a infecção.
Subject(s)
Humans , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Carrier State , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Enterobacteriaceae Infections , Femoral Fractures , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
Las fracturas de fémur distal, especialmente las abiertas, se asocian con traumas de alta energía. Las lesiones asociadas al-rededor de la rodilla son frecuentes; sin embargo, la asociación con una lesión completa del tendón cuadricipital ha sido poco documentada. El diagnóstico temprano y un adecuado tratamiento de ambas lesiones son fundamentales para conseguir buenos resultados posoperatorios. Presentamos dos casos de fracturas intrarticulares de fémur distal expuestas asociadas con lesiones completas del tendón cuadricipital. La reparación de la lesión tendinosa asociada mediante túneles transóseos luego de la fijación de la fractura permite comenzar un protocolo de rehabilitación temprano, esencial para obtener buenos resultados funcionales.Palabras clave: Fractura; fémur distal; lesión; tendón cuadricipital; aparato extensor. Nivel de Evidencia: V
Fractures of the distal femur, especially open fractures, occur in association with high-energy trauma. The presence of associated injuries around the knee is common; however, the association with a complete quadricipital tendon injury has been poorly documented. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment of both injuries is essential to achieve good postoperative outcomes. We present two cases of exposed intra-articular distal femoral fractures associated with complete quadricipital tendon injuries. The repair of the associated tendon injury with transosseous tunnels after fracture fixation allows an early rehabilitation protocol, essential to obtain good functional outcomes.Key words:Fracture; distal femur; injury; quadricipital tendon; extensor mechanism. Level of Evidence: V
Subject(s)
Adult , Tendon Injuries , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Knee InjuriesABSTRACT
Introducción: En pacientes con fracturas de fémur distal con alto grado de conminución metafisaria (AO 33 C2, C3) y fracturas periprotésicas (Vancouver tipo C), el uso de doble osteosíntesis brinda mayor estabilidad a la fractura. Las placas helicoidales se emplean cada vez más con el objetivo de evitar dañar elementos nobles relacionados con el abordaje. Materiales y métodos: Entre 2017 y 2021, seis pacientes fueron tratados mediante osteosíntesis con doble placa (por vía lateral y helicoidal por vía medial). La serie se compone de cuatro mujeres y dos hombres. El 66% (4 pacientes) tenía fracturas de fémur distal, y el resto (33%), fracturas periprotésicas tipo Vancouver C. Resultados: Se observó la consolidación radiográfica en todos los pacientes, a los 6 meses de la cirugía, con retorno normal a la actividad previa. Ninguno sufrió una lesión vasculonerviosa asociada. Conclusiones: La placa helicoidal es una gran opción para las fracturas de fémur distal con conminución y las fracturas femorales periprotésicas tipo Vancouver C. Esto demuestra que, aplicando los principios básicos de osteosíntesis, con una técnica sencilla, se pueden suplir materiales más sofisticados, y obtener resultados radiográficos similares. Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Introduction: The use of double osteosynthesis for the treatment of fractures of the distal femur with metaphyseal comminution (AO 33C2, C3) and periprosthetic fractures (Vancouver C) provides greater stability. The use of helical plates has increased in or-der to avoid vascular damage related to the approach. Materials and methods: Between 2017 and 2021, six patients were treated by double plate osteosynthesis (helical plate by medial approach). The series consisted of four females and two males, 66% (4 patients) had distal femoral fractures, and the rest (33%, 2 patients) were diagnosed with Vancouver C periprosthetic fractures. Results: In all cases, radiographic consolidation was observed 6 months after surgery, with a normal return to activities of daily living. None of them presented an associated neurovascular injury. Conclusion: The helical plate is a great option in distal femur fractures and Vancouver C periprosthetic femoral fractures. By applying the basic principles of osteosynthesis, sophisticated ma-terials can be supplied, obtaining good clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes. Level of Evidence: IV
Subject(s)
Bone Plates , Periprosthetic Fractures , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Knee InjuriesABSTRACT
Introduction : La pseudarthrose compte parmi les complications les plus redoutées des fractures et les plus difficiles à traiter. L'objectif de notre étude était de ressortir le profil épidémio-clinique des pseudarthroses à Matanda dans la région Nord-Est de la RDCongo. Méthodes : Notre étude était du type descriptif transversale ayant couvert une période allant du 01 Juin 2016 au 31 Mai 2019. Les données ont été tirées des dossiers d'hospitalisation. Le traitement des données a été réalisé par SPSS Statistics 17.0. Nous avons calculé la fréquence. Résultats : La fréquence des pseudarthroses a été de 3,72%, touchant surtout les femmes (83,3%), les adultes de 21-30ans (27,7%) et ceux de 61-70 ans 22,2%, les ruraux (69,4%), les cultivateurs (61,1%) et les moins instruits (50% niveau primaire et 36,1% niveau illettré). Le type de pseudarthrose le plus fréquent a été le type flottant (69,4%). Tous les cas de pseudarthrose ont été pris en charge par un Chirurgien orthopédiste, avec, dans la plupart des temps, une amélioration (77,7%). La complication la plus fréquente a été l'infection (19,4%) et l'issue défavorable la plus fréquente, l'amputation (11,1%). Conclusion. La pseudarthrose des os longs des membres demeure une complication fracturaire très invalidante à évolution imprévisible. La maitrise de sa chirurgie s'avère donc plus qu'urgente dans nos milieux.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pseudarthrosis , Fractures, Bone , Femoral Fractures , HospitalizationABSTRACT
Introducción: Nuestro objetivo fue analizar los resultados del tratamiento con osteosíntesis en pacientes con fracturas Vancouver tipos B1 y C, evaluar las complicaciones, las reintervenciones y la tasa de mortalidad en este grupo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, retrospectivo. Se estableció una base de datos que incluía a 53 pacientes con fracturas periprotésicas de fémur Vancouver tipos B1 y C tratadas con osteosíntesis, desde 2008 hasta 2021, en dos centros hospitalarios de alta complejidad. Resultados: La fijación proximal más utilizada fue con tornillos bicorticales más lazadas de alambre. El tipo de fractura según la clasificación de Vancouver se correlacionó con un valor significativo en el uso de tornillos de compresión interfragmentaria (p 0,001), con un total de 13 pacientes (24,52%), 9 en fracturas Vancouver tipo C. El tiempo de consolidación promedio fue de 4 meses, con un puntaje promedio del Harris Hip Score de 68. Doce pacientes (22,64%) tuvieron complicaciones: retraso de la consolidación (7 casos; 13,2%), falla de la osteosíntesis con trazo de fractura a nivel distal del tallo (un caso; 1,88%), una nueva osteosíntesis por falla a nivel del material de osteosíntesis (un caso; 1,88%) y tres fallecieron (5,66%). Conclusiones: El manejo de las fracturas femorales periprotésicas es un tema complejo y desafiante. El tratamiento con osteosíntesis constituye un método exitoso que requiere de la aplicación de principios actuales de técnicas mínimamente invasivas que, junto con una fijación proxi-mal estable, mejoran las posibilidades de éxito. Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Introduction: Our objective was to analyze the results of osteosynthesis treatment in patients with Vancouver type B1 and C fractures, evaluate complications, reinterventions and the mortality rate in this group. Materials and methods: Multicenter, retrospective study. A database was established that included 53 patients with Vancouver type B1 and C periprosthetic femoral fractures treated with osteosynthesis, from 2008 to 2021, who were evaluated in two high-complexity hospital centers. Results: The most used proximal fixation was bicortical screws and wire loops. The type of fracture according to the Vancouver classification correlated with a significant value in the use of interfragmentary compression screws (p 0.001), with a total of 13 patients (24.52%), 9 in Vancouver type C fractures. Mean consolidation was 4 months, with a mean Harris Hip Score of 68. Twelve patients (22.64%) had complications: delayed union (7 cases; 13.2%), failed osteosynthesis with fracture at the distal level of the stem (one case; 1.88%), one new osteosynthesis due to failure at the level of the osteosynthesis material (one case; 1.88%) and three patients died (5.66%). Conclusions: The management of periprosthetic femoral fractures is a complex and challenging issue. Osteosynthesis treatment is a successful method that requires the application of current principles of minimally invasive techniques that, together with stable proximal fixation, improve the chances of success. Level of Evidence: IV
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects , Periprosthetic Fractures , Femoral Fractures , Fracture Fixation, InternalABSTRACT
Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de fracturas periprotésicas en pacientes con antecedente de reemplazo de cadera que ingresaron a un servicio de ortopedia entre el 2010 al 2018. Materiales y métodos 709 pacientes fueron atendidos, pero solo 15 pacientes presentaron fracturas periprotésicas. Resultados La prevalencia de fracturas periprotésicas fue del 2.1% (IC 95%: 1.05; 3.17). La mayor parte de los casos se presentaron en el sexo femenino con un porcentaje de 53,3%, con edad promedio de 74.2 año. Las principales causas de fractura periprotésica fueron el trauma en la cadera por caída desde su propia altura. Solo el 12.12% presentaron alguna complicación local o sistémica. Conclusiones La prevalencia de fracturas periprotésicas fue menor del 3%; esta patología depende de distintos factores que se deben tener en cuenta al momento de realizar los procedimientos quirúrgicos.
Objective To determine the prevalence of periprosthetic fractures in patients with a history of hip replacement admitted to an orthopedic service between 2010 and 2018. Materials and methods 709 patients were seen, but only 15 patients had periprosthetic fractures. Results The prevalence of periprotic fractures was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.05; 3.17). The majority of cases occurred in females with a percentage of 53.3%, with an average age of 74.2 years. The main causes of periprotic fracture were hip trauma from falling from its own height. Only 12.12% presented some local or systemic complication. Conclusions The prevalence of periprosthetic fractures was less than 3%; this pathology depends on different factors that must be taken into account when performing surgical procedures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hip Fractures , Femoral Fractures , Hip ProsthesisABSTRACT
The software of 3D-Modeling(UG NX 10.0) was used to design a new external fixator model for proximal femoral fracture, and fresh femoral cadaver specimens were used to simulate experimental operation. The results showed that the external fixator designed with the proximal femoral locking plate shape can improve the accuracy of Kirschner wire penetration into the femoral neck, reduce fluoroscopic and soft tissue incision injuries, and make a good stability and is easy to operate, which has a certain value for patients with proximal femoral fracture, such as intolerant surgery and poor physical condition.
Subject(s)
Bone Plates , External Fixators , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence and related risk factors of healthy side fracture after hip fracture surgery in the elderly, so as to provide basis for the prevention of re-fracture.@*METHODS@#The data of 452 patients over 65 years old with femoral neck fracture or intertrochanteric fracture treated with hip arthroplasty or proximal femoral intramedullary nailing from June 2012 to June 2017 were analyzed, including 168 males and 284 females, the age ranged from 65 to 97(75.5±7.5) years. There were 191 cases of femoral neck fracture and 261 cases of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. According to whether there was a fracture in the healthy hip after operation, the patients were divided into fracture group and no fracture group. The gender, age, body mass index, fracture type, initial treatment method, bone mineral density, bed time, medical compliance, postoperative short-term delirium, whether there were medical diseases before injury and Harris score of hip joint in the final follow-up were recorded. Univariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the risk factors of healthy side fracture after operation, and then statistically significant risk factors were included in multi factor Logistic regression analysis to screen out the independent risk factors of healthy side fracture after operation of hip fracture in the elderly.@*RESULTS@#Among them, 42 of the 452 patients had hip fractures on the healthy side with an incidence of 9.3%. The average interval between the two fractures was (2.9±2.1) years. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, bone mineral density, medical compliance, short-term postoperative deliriun, pre-injury complicated with medical diseases and Harris score of hip joint in the final follow-up (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that age(OR=4.227), bone mineral density(OR=4.313), combined with medical diseases (OR=5.616) and low hip Harris score at the final follow-up (OR=3.891) were independent risk factors for healthy side fractures after hip fracture surgery in elderly(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The age, bone mineral density, combined with medical diseases and low Harris score of hip joint in the final follow-up are the main risk factors of healthy side fracture after hip fracture in the elderly. It is necessary to strengthen the treatment of medical diseases, anti osteoporosis and improve hip joint function within 3 years after operation, so as to prevent the occurrence of healthy side hip fracture.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bone Density , Female , Femoral Fractures , Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery , Femur , Hip Fractures/surgery , Humans , Male , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression(IPC) combined with 3M thermometer on the prevention of deep venous thrombosis(DVT) in patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.@*METHODS@#From March 2016 to August 2019, 127 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures who underwent proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA) were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to different methods of thrombus prevention and treatment. Among them, 63 patients in group A did not use IPC and 3M thermometer;64 cases in group B were treated with IPC combined with 3M thermometer. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to dynamically monitor the DVT and changes of lower limbs during perioperative period. The venous thrombosis of lower limbs was monitored at 0, 24, 72 h and > 72 h after operation(recheck every 3 days until discharge).@*RESULTS@#Occurrence of DVT of lower limbs after PFNA operation in two groups:there were 5 cases (7.8%) in group B and 20 cases (31.7%) in group A, there was significant difference between two groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in lower limb DVT between two groups at 0, 72 and > 72 h after operation(P>0.05), but the formation rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B at 24 h after operation (P=0.049). There was no significant difference in DVT formation between group A and group B(P>0.05). However, the formation of DVT in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P=0.012).@*CONCLUSION@#Intraoperative IPC combined with 3M thermostat can effectively prevent DVT of lower limbs in patients undergoing PFNA surgery.
Subject(s)
Femoral Fractures/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods , Hip Fractures/surgery , Humans , Lower Extremity/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Abstract Objective The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the total surgical procedure time and intraoperative X-ray exposure during different techniques for fixation of transtrochanteric fractures of the femur in elderly patients, using extramedullary and intramedullary methods based on cephalic traction screws. Methods The Orthopedics and Traumatology Service from our hospital evaluated 107 patients with transtrochanteric fractures, including 34 males and 73 females, with age ranging from 61 to 101 years old. Fracture fixation was performed with a dynamic hip system (DHS) in 21 patients, a standard proximal femoral nail (PFN) in 55 subjects, and a standard gamma nail in 31 patients. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon and his team of nursing assistants, along with the same radiology technician using the same image intensifier. Total surgery time (in minutes) and X-ray emission (in centigrays [cGy]) were evaluated. Results Transtrochanteric fracture fixation with PFN provides a significantly shorter surgical time (p = 0.013) in comparison to the 2 other techniques. Intraoperative exposure to X-rays was significantly lower when using DHS (p = 0.015) as a fixation method when compared with gamma nail and PFN. Conclusion Although PFN resulted in the shortest surgical time, DHS was associated with the lowest X-ray exposure levels within the studied sample.
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar e comparar o tempo total do procedimento cirúrgico e a exposição ao raio X no intraoperatório em diferentes técnicas de fixação das fraturas transtrocanterianas do fêmur em pacientes idosos, utilizando técnicas extramedulares e intramedulares baseadas em parafuso de tração cefálico. Métodos Foram avaliados no serviço de ortopedia e traumatologia do nosso hospital 107 pacientes com fraturas transtrocanterianas, sendo 34 do sexo masculino e 73 do sexo feminino, com idade mínima de 61 anos e máxima de 101 anos. As fraturas fixadas, utilizando a técnica com dynamic hip system (DHS, na sigla em inglês) somaram 21 pacientes; em 55 pacientes, foi utilizado o proximal femur nail (PFN, na sigla em inglês) standard; e em 31 idosos, foi optado pelo uso do gama nail standard. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados pelo mesmo cirurgião acompanhado de sua equipe de auxiliares de enfermagem, assim como pelo mesmo técnico de radiologia manuseando o mesmo intensificador de imagens. Foram avaliados o tempo total da cirurgia (em minutos) e a emissão de raios X medida em centigrays. Resultados A fixação das fraturas transtrocanterianas com PFN proporciona um menor tempo cirúrgico com uma diferença estatística significativa (p =0,013), quando comparada com as demais técnicas utilizadas entre os grupos envolvidos. Foi observada, também, uma menor exposição intraoperatória aos raios X (p =0,015), a qual foi estatisticamente relevante quando utilizado o DHS como método de fixação comparado com o gama nail e o PFN. Conclusão Apesar do PFN ter o menor tempo de cirurgia, a técnica do DHS se mostrou com menores níveis de exposição dentro da amostra estudada.
Subject(s)
Radiology , Surgical Procedures, Operative , X-Rays , Internal Fixators , Femoral Fractures , Operative Time , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever a aplicação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem a um paciente com Fratura de Colo de Fêmur no período perioperatório. Metodologia: Relato de experiência realizado no centro cirúrgico de um hospital geral, o qual atende demanda espontânea da capital e do interior do estado da Bahia. O período de realização do estudo foi em agosto de 2019, na cidade de Feira de Santana- BA. Esta experiência foi fruto da vivência de acadêmicos de enfermagem do sexto semestre da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Foram respeitados os aspectos éticos da Resolução 466/2012. Resultados: Foi aplicada a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem no Perioperatório a paciente idoso com fratura de colo de fêmur, conforme cinco fases do processo de enfermagem: Histórico, Diagnóstico, Planejamento, Implementação e Avaliação. Ressalta-se que o referido caso foi analisado de acordo com as Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Fratura de Colo de Fêmur, que demostraram a importância da aplicação da sistematização para um cuidado diferenciado ao paciente idoso com diagnóstico de fratura de fêmur, considerando que a população idosa cada vez mais vem alcançando a longevidade e as quedas são um dos eventos adversos que mais acometem essa população, seguido pela fratura. Conclusão: Este estudo pretende contribuir como instrumento gerencial e de cuidado relevante para a instituição no centro cirúrgico que visem acelerar o tempo de alta, minimizar o risco de complicações, reduzir os custos e favorecer a qualidade de vida dos pacientes idosos com fratura de fêmur a partir da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem perioperatória.
Objective: Describe the application of Nursing Care Systematization to a patient with a femoral neck fracture during the perioperative period. Methodology: Report of an experience carried out in the operating room of a general hospital, which cares for the spontaneous demand of the capital city and the interior of the state of Bahia. The study was held in August 2019 in the city of Feira de Santana, in the state of Bahia. This was the result of the academic experience of nursing students in the sixth semester at the State University of Feira de Santana. The ethical aspects of Resolution 466/2012 were respected. Results: Perioperative Nursing Care Systematization was applied to an elderly patient with a femoral neck fracture, according to five phases of the nursing process: History, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. It emphasizes whether the case was analyzed according to the Therapeutic Guidelines for Femoral Neck Fractures, which demonstrated the importance of applying systematization for differentiated care for elderly patients diagnosed with femoral fractures, considering that the elderly population is living longer, and falls are one of the adverse events most frequently affecting such population, followed by fracture. Conclusion: This study aims at contributing as a relevant management and care instrument for the institution of any surgical center that aims at speeding up discharge time, minimizing the risk of complications, reducing costs, and favoring the quality of life of elderly patients with femur fracture from the systematization of perioperative nursing care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Students, Nursing , Femoral Fractures , Nursing Process , Quality of Life , Perioperative Nursing/education , Surgicenters/supply & distribution , Accidental Falls , Aged , Perioperative Period/nursing , Anesthesia/nursing , Nursing Care/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Hip femoral head fractures are extremely uncommon, but likely associated with traumatic hip dislocations. Both lesions require emergent treatment to avoid further complications.19-year-old male patient was received after a high-energy motor vehicle accident with severe brain and thoraco-abdominal trauma and a displaced femoral head fracture with posterior hip dislocation with no acetabular fracture. An emergent open reduction and internal fixation with 2 headless screws was performed, as well as posterior capsule repair. After 1 month as an inpatient in Intensive Care Unit, he sustained a new episode of posterior hip dislocation. Consequently, a second successful surgical reduction was obtained, and hip stability was achieved by posterior reconstruction with iliac crest autograft fixed with cannulated screw and posterior structure repair. Two years later, he was able to walk independently and he does not present any signs of degenerative joint disease nor avascular necrosis.
Las fracturas de la cabeza femoral son extremadamente raras y están asociadas comúnmente con una luxación de cadera traumática. Ambas lesiones requieren tratamiento urgente con el objetivo de evitar complicaciones posteriores. Un paciente varón de 19 años fue trasladado tras un accidente de tráfico de alta energía en el que sufrió un traumatismo craneoencefálico y toracoabdominal grave, además de una fractura de cabeza femoral desplazada junto a una luxación posterior de cadera sin afectación acetabular. De manera urgente, fue intervenido mediante una reducción abierta y fijación interna de la fractura con dos tornillos canulados sin cabeza y reparación de la cápsula articular posterior. Tras un mes de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, sufrió un nuevo episodio de luxación posterior de cadera. Debido a ello, se realiza una segunda intervención quirúrgica con reducción abierta y en la que se obtiene una adecuada estabilidad de la cadera mediante reconstrucción posterior con la adición de autoinjerto tricortical de cresta ilíaca y reparación capsular posterior. Después de dos años de seguimiento, el paciente deambula de manera independiente, sin dolor y sin signos degenerativos ni de necrosis avascular en las pruebas de imagen.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Transplantation, Autologous/methods , Femoral Fractures/surgery , Femur Head/injuries , Joint Dislocations/complications , Ilium/surgeryABSTRACT
Abstract A deviated osteochondral fracture of the anterolateral tibia associated with fibular head avulsion in a 50-year-old patient is reported. In general, avulsion fracture of the iliotibial tract is associated with injuries in the cruciate ligament, in the meniscus and in lateral knee structures, as in the case herein reported.
Resumo Uma fratura osteocondral desviada da tíbia anterolateral associada a avulsão da cabeça da fíbula em um paciente de 50 anos é relatada. A fratura avulsão do trato iliotibial em geral está associada lesões do ligamento cruzado, do menisco, e das estruturas laterais do joelho, como no caso em questão.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tibial Fractures , Femoral Fractures , Knee Injuries/surgeryABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: As fraturas de fêmur em idosos geram aumento da demanda funcional nesses indivíduos e são responsáveis por um alto número de internações hospitalares. OBJETIVO: Analisar retrospectivamente o total de casos, os custos, o tempo de internação e o total de óbitos por fratura de fêmur em idosos nas diferentes regiões do Brasil de 2015 a 2020. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de série temporal e retrospectivo que avaliou os dados de fratura de fêmur em idosos, a partir de dados disponíveis nos sites de Ministério da Saúde. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: total de casos, Tempo Médio de Permanência Hospitalar (TMPH), número de óbitos, taxa de mortalidade, gastos com internações, total e por dia de internação hospitalar, Gasto Médio por Fratura (GMF) e o Tempo de Internação por Fratura (TIF) em cada região. RESULTADOS: Um total de 328.008 idosos sofreram fratura de fêmur no período estudado. A região Sudeste lidera em número de casos, óbitos e TIF; o segundo lugar alterna entre as regiões Sul (2015, 2016 e 2020) e Nordeste (2017 e 2019). Em relação ao TMPH, as regiões Norte e Nordeste aparecem em primeiro e segundo lugar, respectivamente, em todos os anos, ficando acima da média nacional em todos os anos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: Há uma discrepância para os casos de fratura de fêmur em idosos entre as regiões brasileiras, seja no número de casos, nos custos ou no total de óbitos. A maior densidade populacional em regiões como Sudeste e Sul, contribuiu para as maiores taxas de fraturas de fêmur em idosos, haja vista que estes também são maioria nessas regiões em comparação as demais.
INTRODUCTION: Femur fractures in the elderly generate increased functional demand for those who have and are responsible for a high number of hospital admissions. OBJECTIVE: Retrospectively analyze the total number of cases, costs, length of hospital stay, and total deaths from femoral fractures in the elderly in different regions of Brazil from 2015 to 2020. METHODS: Ecological study of temporal and retrospective series that evaluated fracture data of femur fracture in the elderly, based on data available on the websites of the Ministry of Health. The following variables were evaluated: total cases, Average Hospital Stay (AHS), number of deaths, mortality rate, hospitalization costs, total and per day of hospitalization, Average Fracture Cost (AFC), and Length of Hospitalization for Fracture (LHF) in each region. RESULTS: A total of 328,008 elderly people suffered a femur fracture during the study period. The Southeast region leads in cases, deaths, and LHF; the second-place alternates between the South (2015, 2016, and 2020) and Northeast (2017 and 2019) regions. Concerning the AHS, the North and Northeast regions appear in first and second place, respectively, in all years, being above the national average in all years studied. CONCLUSIONS: There is a discrepancy for cases of femoral fractures in the elderly among Brazilian regions, whether in the number of cases, costs, or total deaths. The higher population density in regions such as the Southeast and the South contributes to the higher rates of femur fractures in the elderly, given that they are also the majority in these regions compared to the others.
Subject(s)
Femoral Fractures , Aged , HospitalizationABSTRACT
La rehabilitación de un paciente con fractura es progresivos y secuenciales para la mejora del foco de fractura, en especial en este tipo de fracturas con pérdida de sustancia ósea ya que suelen ser agresivas y de difícil resolución, por tanto, el tratamiento ortopédico es cuidadoso y complejo como la recuperación es prolongada sujeta a varios pasos según la progresión del paciente. El objetivo de este artículo es la de describir la secuencia de pasos en la rehabilitación de este tipo de fracturas, ya que no hay un manual claro para el manejo en rehabilitación de casos similares. El seguimiento y recuperación de este caso dura 8 meses dividida en 3 etapas de rehabilitación en un total de 122 sesiones, teniendo 4 evaluaciones en base a los tres parámetros de evaluación de ingreso: dolor, movimiento, postura y fuerza muscular, mejorando progresivamente estos aspectos.
The rehabilitation of a fractured patient is progressive and sequential for the improvement of the fracture focus, especially in this type of fractures with loss of bone substance since they are usually aggressive and difficult to resolve, so orthopedic treatment is careful and complex. as the recovery is prolonged subject to several steps depending on the patient's progression. The objective of this article is to describe the sequence of steps in the rehabilitation of this type of fractures, since there is no clear manual for the management in rehabilitation of similar cases. The follow-up and recovery of this case lasts 8 months divided into 3 stages of rehabilitation in a total of 122 sessions, having 4 evaluations based on the three parameters of admission assessment: pain, movement, posture and muscular strength, progressively improving these aspects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Treatment Outcome , Fractures, Bone , Exercise Therapy , Diaphyses , Kinesiology, Applied , Femoral Fractures , FemurABSTRACT
Introdução: Queda é o acidente que ocorre com maior frequência no idoso, sendo a principal causa de morte naqueles com mais de 65 anos. As fraturas do quadril ocupam um papel de grande importância, gerando grande problema de ordem clínica envolvendo pacientes e familiares e de ordem econômica para a sociedade. Objetivo: Coletar dados de questionário da admissão e correlacionar a presença de comorbidades prévias a mortalidade em 30 dias do pós-cirurgia. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo observacional não randomizado com 216 pacientes com fraturas cirúrgicas do quadril com 61 anos ou mais de idade atendidos no setor de emergência do Centro Hospitalar São Lucas na cidade de Niterói, RJ, no período de 30/03/2016 a 20/03/2018. Resultados: A incidência de óbito após a cirurgia do quadril é igual a 6,9% no primeiro mês. O paciente com fratura no quadril tem comorbidades cardiovasculares (75,9%). O óbito está associado à comorbidade hepática em 13,3% e ao baixo peso em 33,3%. O fato de ter duas ou mais comorbidades não está significativamente associado ao óbito. Conclusão: As comorbidades hepáticas, o baixo peso e a presença de disfunções cardiovasculares são importantes preditores prognósticos na mortalidade do paciente com mais de 61 anos após cirurgia de fratura do fêmur no primeiro mês. (AU)
Introduction: Falls are the leading cause of accidents and death in those aged 65 and above. The high incidence of these injuries impact patients, their families and it represents an economic problem for society. Objective: Collect data from the admission survey and correlate previous comorbidities to mortality in 30 days after surgery. Methods: Retrospective observational non-randomized study. 216 patients were included, aged 61 years or older, who were admitted at the emergency department of the Centro Hospitalar São Lucas in Niterói city, Rio de Janeiro. All the participants were candidates of hip fracture surgery between 03/30/2016 and 03/20/2018. Results: The mortality after hip surgery was 6.9% in the first month. Patients who underwent hip surgery had, previously, cardiovascular diseases (75.9%). Death was associated with liver comorbidity in 13.3% and low weight in 33.3%. The fact of having two or more comorbidities was not associated with death. Conclusion: Liver and cardiovascular diseases and low weight are important prognostic predictors in mortality of patients over 61 years of age after femoral fracture surgery in the first month. (AU)