ABSTRACT
Cada vez más los pacientes diagnosticados con anemia son referidos al gastroenterólogo para su evaluación. La necesidad de realizar un adecuado planteo clínico y una correcta interpretación de las pruebas de diagnóstico ha motivado la revisión de este tema. Varios trastornos gastroenterológicos, con frecuencia, conducen a anemia como resultado de pérdidas sanguíneas, inflamación, malabsorción o a consecuencia de las terapias farmacológicas. En algunas patologías como la cirrosis, EII o neoplasias las causas son a menudo multifactoriales. Esta revisión, pretende proporcionar un enfoque útil para la práctica clínica. Para ello se ha revisado la información actualizada acerca de la patogénesis, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la anemia vinculada a patologías digestivas y se han confeccionados cuadros y algoritmos para facilitar su comprensión.
More and more patients diagnosed with anemia are referred to the gastroenterologist for evaluation. The need to carry out an adequate clinical approach and a correct interpretation of diagnostic tests has motivated this review. Several digestive diseases frequently lead to anemia because of blood loss, inflammation, malabsorption, or drug therapies. In some of them such as cirrhosis, IBD or neoplasms, the etiology is multifactorial. This review is intended to provide a useful approach to clinical practice. To this aim, updated information on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of anemia related to digestive diseases has been reviewed, and tables and algorithms have been built to favor its understanding.
Cada vez mais pacientes diagnosticados com anemia são encaminhados ao gastroenterologista para avaliação. A necessidade de realizar uma abordagem clínica adequada e uma interpretação correta dos testes de diagnóstico motivou a revisão deste tema. Vários distúrbios gastroenterológicos freqüentemente levam à anemia como resultado de perda de sangue, inflamação, má absorção ou pelas próprias terapias farmacológicas. Em algumas patologias como cirrose, DII ou neoplasias, as causas costumam ser multifatoriais. Esta revisão visa fornecer uma abordagem útil à prática clínica. Para esse fim, foram revisadas informações atualizadas sobre a patogênese, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da anemia associada à patologia digestiva e foram elaboradas tabelas e algoritmos para facilitar seu entendimento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/etiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Anemia, Megaloblastic/etiology , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/therapy , Anemia, Megaloblastic/diagnosis , Anemia, Megaloblastic/therapyABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Las recomendaciones de esquemas para erradicar Helicobacter pylori se encuentran ampliamente dis- ponibles. Este es un patógeno de alta prioridad para búsqueda y desarrollo de nuevos y efectivos tratamientos. Objetivo: Descri- bir la respuesta terapéutica con terapia de rescate para infección por H. pylori, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, diciembre 2016-abril 2017. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo en pacientes consecutivos con sintomatología gastrointestinal e in- fección conirmada por H. pylori. Mediante el registro del Servi- cio de Gastroenterología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, se identiicaron pacientes positivos por H. pylori. Se registraron datos sociodemográicos, clínicos y diagnósticos. El tratamiento de res- cate brindado fue, vía oral por 10 días: levoloxacina 500 mg/día, esomeprazol 40 mg dos veces/día, amoxicilina 1 gr dos veces/ día. La conirmación de la erradicación fue realizada 4-8 semanas postratamiento. Se registró información sobre la adherencia al tra- tamiento y los efectos secundarios. Resultados: Se analizaron 30 casos; 56.7% (17) pacientes nuevos y 43.3% (13) pacientes con al menos un fracaso. En el 16.0% (5) no hubo conirmación de erra- dicación; se obtuvo una tasa de erradicación del 72.0% (18/25), IC95% 50.6-87.9; siendo 78.5% (11/14) en pacientes nuevos ver- sus 63.6% (7/11) en fracasos previos, IC95% -9.6-54.0, p=0.318. Discusión: La tasa de erradicación en este grupo de pacientes no fue satisfactoria. Actualmente el tratamiento con levoloxacina es recomendado como terapia de segunda línea o de rescate en regiones con baja o alta resistencia a la claritromicina, aunque la resistencia a quinolonas ha aumentado en los últimos años en va- rios países...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Levofloxacin/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Los problemas médicos gastrointestinales, nutricionales, metabólicos, endocrinológicos y de microbiota en los pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) son parte de los problemas médicos concomitantes al diagnóstico. La prevalencia alcanza a más del 91 % en el caso de los problemas gastrointestinales, hasta el 89 % para los nutricionales y metabólicos, más del 50 % de disfunción tiroidea y hasta el 100 % para los relacionados con la microbiota.Es urgente actualizar la práctica médica para incluir la evaluación, testeo, diagnóstico y tratamiento de estos problemas médicos concomitantes al diagnóstico de TEA en la población pediátrica, adolescente y adulta. El tratamiento riguroso de dichos problemas genera cambios positivos en la calidad de vida y en la sintomatología bajo la cual el TEA se diagnostica en muchos casos. Debe basarse en evidencia científica de alta calidad, con control y cuidado médico adecuado
Gastrointestinal, nutritional, metabolic, endocrine, and microbiota medical problems in pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are some of the coexisting medical conditions in ASD diagnosis. Their prevalence reaches more than 91 % for gastrointestinal problems, up to 89 % for nutritional and metabolic disorders, more than 50 % for thyroid dysfunction, and up to 100 % for microbiota-related conditions.There is an urgency for medical practice to be updated and to include the assessment, testing, diagnosis, and treatment of these coexisting medical conditions in ASD diagnosis in the pediatric, adolescent, and adult population. A strict management of such conditions results in positive changes in the quality of life and symptoms based on which ASD is diagnosed many times. It should be based on high-quality scientific evidence with an adequate medical care and control
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Endocrine System Diseases/metabolism , Microbiota , Autism Spectrum Disorder/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/metabolism , Concurrent Symptoms , Nutritional Status , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diet therapy , Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diet therapyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and gastrointestinal changes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of 39 children with ASD aged between three and ten years old, registered in the participating association. Nutritional status was evaluated by body mass index/age and weight/age, according to the guidelines from the World Health Organization. In order to investigate whether gastrointestinal alterations occurred, the interviewees answered a questionnaire about the presence of these symptoms within the last 30 days. In order to evaluate food consumption, a 24-hour recall questionnaire was applied and the food reported were grouped as: gluten sources, casein and ultra-processed sources. For the statistical analysis, Epi-Info software version 7.2 was used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables associated with gastrointestinal alterations. Results: There was a high prevalence of overweight children with autism spectrum disorder (64.1%). No child was underweight. Thirty-four children (84.2%) had gastrointestinal symptoms. Consumption of gluten was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms (β=0.38; 95%CI 0.07-0.75; p=0.02). Conclusions: The high prevalence of being overweight should be considered during the follow-up visits of children with ASD. The influence of gluten consumption on the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms was observed in this study, and the causes involved in these alterations need to be further investigated.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a presença de alterações gastrintestinais em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, composto por 39 crianças autistas com idades entre três e dez anos, cadastradas na associação participante. O estado nutricional foi analisado a partir do índice de massa corporal/idade e do peso/idade, tendo como referências as curvas da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para investigação das alterações gastrintestinais, o entrevistado respondeu sobre a presença de alterações nos últimos 30 dias. Na avaliação do consumo alimentar foi aplicado um recordatório de 24 horas e os alimentos listados foram categorizados em: fontes de glúten, fontes de caseína e ultraprocessados. A análise estatística utilizou o software Epi-Info, versão 7.2. Foi realizada a análise de regressão logística multivariada para avaliar os fatores associados às alterações gastrintestinais. Resultados: Observou-se alta prevalência de excesso de peso nas crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (64,1%), não sendo registrada nenhuma criança com déficit de peso. Um total de 34 crianças (84,2%) apresentava alterações gastrintestinais. O consumo de glúten esteve associado às manifestações gastrintestinais (β=0,38; IC95% 0,07-0,75; p=0,02). Conclusões: A elevada prevalência do excesso de peso deve ser tratada com maior atenção em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista. Foi observada a influência do consumo de glúten no aparecimento das alterações gastrintestinais, sendo necessário que as causas envolvidas nessas alterações sejam mais bem investigadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Nutritional Status , Overweight/complications , Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Body Mass Index , Diet Records , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Glutens/administration & dosage , Glutens/adverse effectsABSTRACT
En esta Parte 3 de la serie de cuatro artículos sobre micetismos se analizan los síndromes tempranos con síntomas gastrointestinales que se caracterizan por presentar un período de latencia muy corto, de menos de 6 horas después de la ingestión de los macromicetos. Los restantes síndromes tempranos con sintomatología compleja serán tratados en la Parte 4 de la serie. Actualmente se conocen más de 200 especies responsables de síndromes gastrointestinales, pero en este trabajo se abordarán solamente diez ejemplos que involucran los géneros Boletus [Boletus satanas (o Rubroboletus satanas) y Boletus venenatus (o Neoboletus venenata)], Hypholoma, Agaricus (Agaricus xanthodermus), Omphalotus, Lactarius, Russula, Entoloma, Chlorophyllum (Chlorophyllum molybdetes) y Leucoprinus (Leucoprinus birnbaumii). Las toxinas involucradas en estos casos presentan gran variedad estructural, desde proteínas hasta terpenoides, en particular sesquiterpenoides y triterpenoides, vinilglicina, fenol y azocompuestos, pero todas generan la misma sintomatología. Estas sustancias y otros componentes químicos de los hongos suelen ser indigestos, con una susceptibilidad variable entre los consumidores. El tratamiento es de apoyo y es estrictamente para esos casos con cuadros más graves de deshidratación. Normalmente, los casos evolucionan favorablemente después de 12 a 48 horas. Se analizan los síntomas, las toxinas involucradas, los mecanismos de acción, cuando se conocen y las especies causantes de los micetismos.
This part 3 of the series of four articles on mushroom poisoning refers to early-onset gastrointestinal syndromes, which are characterized by a very short latency period of less than 6 hours after mushroom ingestion. The remaining early-onset syndromes with complex symptoms will be treated in Part 4 of the series. Currently, more than 200 species responsible for gastrointestinal syndromes are known, but in this paper only ten examples will be addressed involving the genera Boletus [e.g., Boletus satanas (or Rubroboletus satanas), and Boletus venenatus (or Neoboletus venenata)], Hypholoma, Agaricus (e.g., Agaricus xanthodermus), Omphalotus, Lactarius, Russula, Entoloma, Chlorophyllum (e.g., Chlorophyllum molybdetes), and Leucoprinus (e.g., Leucoprinus birnbaumii). The toxins involved in these cases have a great structural variety, from proteins to terpenoids, in particular sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids, vinylglycine, phenol, and azocompounds, but all show the same symptoms. These substances and other mushroom chemical constituents are usually indigestible, with varying consumer susceptibility. The treatment is supportive and is strictly for those cases with more severe dehydration. Usually, the cases progress favourably after 12 to 48 hours.The symptoms, toxins involved, mechanisms of action when known, and the species of mushrooms responsible for the mycetisms are analysed.
Nesta parte 3 da série de quatro artigos sobre intoxicação por cogumelos são analisadas as síndromes precoces com sintomas gastrointestinais que se caracterizam por apresentar um período de latência muito curto, de menos de 6 horas, após a ingestão de cogumelos. As síndromes precoces restantes com sintomatologia complexa serão tratadas na Parte 4 da série. Atualmente, são conhecidas mais de 200 espécies responsáveis por síndromes gastrointestinais, mas neste trabalho serão abordados apenas dez exemplos que envolvem os gêneros Boletus [Boletus satanas (ou Rubroboletus satanas) e Boletus venenatus (ou Neoboletus venenata)], Hypholoma, Agaricus (Agaricus xanthodermus), Omphalotus, Lactarius, Russula, Entoloma, Chlorophyllum (Chlorophyllum molybdetes) e Leucoprinus (Leucoprinus birnbaumii). As toxinas envolvidas nestes casos têm uma grande variedade estrutural, desde proteínas até terpenóides, em particular sesquiterpenóides e triterpenóides, vinilglicina, fenol e azo compostos, mas todas apresentam a mesma sintomatologia. Essas substâncias e outros constituintes químicos dos cogumelos costumam ser indigestos, com uma suscetibilidade variável entre aqueles que os consomem. O tratamento é de suporte e é rigorosamente para esses casos com quadros mais graves de desidratação. Normalmente, os casos evoluem favoravelmente após 12 a 48 horas. São analisados os sintomas, as toxinas envolvidas, os mecanismos de ação, quando conhecidos, e as espécies de cogumelos responsáveis pelas intoxicações.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Toxicology , Agaricus/pathogenicity , Boletus satanas/toxicity , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Bacterial Toxins , Bacterial Toxins/analysis , Virus Latency , MycotoxinsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent condition among hospitalized patients and a factor of increased risk of postoperative complication. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of malnutrition on phase angle (PA), body water distribution and clinical outcomes in surgical patients with colorectal disease. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary hospital with 40 patients admitted electively. In the preoperative evaluation, global subjective assessment and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed to determine nutritional status, PA, extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW) and total body water (TBW). In postoperative evaluation, the length of hospital stay and severe complications, according to Clavien-Dindo classification, were determined. The optimal PA cutoff for malnutrition screening was determined by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: Seventeen (42.5%) patients were diagnosed as malnourished and 23 (57.5%) as well-nourished according to global subjective assessment. Twelve (30.0%) patients developed severe complications. The malnourished group presented lower values of serum albumin (P=0.012), hematocrit (P=0.026) and PA (P=0.002); meanwhile, ECW/ICW (P=0.019) and ECW/TBW (P=0.047) were higher. Furthermore, 58.8% of malnourished patients developed severe postoperative complications compared to 8.7% of well-nourished. Malnutrition was independent predictor of severe postoperative complications (OR=15.00, IC: 2.63-85.68, P=0.002). The optimal PA cutoff obtained was 6.0º (AUC=0.82, P=0.001), yielding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 76.5%, 87.0%, 81.3% and 83.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition was an independent predictive factor for severe complications in patients underwent to elective major coloproctological surgery. Besides that, malnutrition was associated with lower PA values and greater ratio of ECW. The PA provided great accuracy in nutritional screening, implying a useful marker of malnutrition.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: A desnutrição é uma condição frequente entre pacientes hospitalizados e é um fator de risco para complicações pós-operatórias. OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto da desnutrição sobre o ângulo de fase (AF), a distribuição de água corporal e complicações clínicas em pacientes cirúrgicos com doença colorretal. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado em um hospital universitário terciário com 40 pacientes admitidos eletivamente. Na avaliação pré-operatória, foram realizadas a avaliação subjetiva global e análise de bioimpedância elétrica com a finalidade de determinarem o estado nutricional, AF, água extracelular (AEC), água intracelular (AIC) e água corporal total (ACT). Na avaliação pós-operatória, o tempo de internação hospitalar e a presença de complicações graves, segundo a classificação de Clavien-Dindo, foram determinados. O melhor ponto de corte do AF para o rastreamento de desnutrição foi obtido a partir da análise da curva ROC. RESULTADOS: Dezessete (42,5%) pacientes foram diagnosticados como desnutridos e 23 (57,5%), como bem nutridos de acordo com a avaliação subjetiva global. Doze (30,0%) pacientes desenvolveram complicações pós-operatórias graves. O grupo desnutrido apresentou menores valores de albumina sérica (P=0,012), hematócrito (P=0,026) e AF (P=0,002); enquanto que as relações de AEC/AIC (P=0,019) e AEC/ACT (P=0,047) estiveram elevadas. Além disso, 58,8% dos pacientes desnutridos desenvolveram complicações pós-operatórias graves em comparação a 8,7% dos pacientes bem nutridos. A desnutrição foi fator preditivo independente para o desenvolvimento de complicações pós-operatórias graves (OR=15,00, IC: 2,63-85,68; P=0,002). O melhor ponto de corte do AF obtido foi 6.0º (AUC=0,82; P=0,001) com sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo de 76,5%, 87,0%, 81,3% e 83,4%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A desnutrição foi fator preditivo para o desenvolvimento de complicações graves em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva coloproctológica de grande porte. Além disso, a desnutrição foi associada a menores valores de AF e maior proporção de AEC. O AF forneceu boa acurácia no rastreamento da desnutrição, sugerindo seu uso como potencial marcador de desnutrição.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Aged, 80 and over , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , Malnutrition/complications , Severity of Illness Index , Body Water , Colorectal Neoplasms/complications , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Diseases/surgery , Gastrointestinal Diseases/classification , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Middle AgedABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia remains one of the main indications to perform small bowel capsule endoscopy. Literature suggests that diagnostic yield is influenced by patient's age but with conflicting results regarding age cutoff. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to clarify the differences in diagnostic yield and incidence of specific findings according to age. METHODS: Retrospective single-center study including 118 patients performing small bowel capsule endoscopy in the study of iron deficiency anemia. Videos were reviewed and small bowel findings that may account for anemia were reported. Incomplete examinations were excluded. Findings were compared between patients ≤60 and >60 years. RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 58 years old (SD ±17.9) with 69.5% females (n=82). The overall diagnostic yield was 49% (58/118), being higher among patients >60 years (36/60, diagnostic yield 60%) than those ≤60 years (20/58, diagnostic yield 34%), (P<0.01). Angioectasias were more frequent in patients >60 years (45% vs 9%, P<0.01). Patients ≤60 years presented more frequently significant inflammation (Lewis score >135 in 10.3% vs 1.7%, P<0.05) and other non-vascular lesions (24% vs 10%, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: In our cohort small bowel capsule endoscopy diagnosed clinically relevant findings in the setting of iron deficiency anemia in almost half the patients. Diagnostic yield was higher in patients older than 60 years (60%), with vascular lesions being more frequent in this age group. Despite the lower diagnostic yield in patients ≤60 years, significant pathology was also found in this age group, mainly of inflammatory type.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: A anemia ferropénica constitui uma das principais indicações para realização de enteroscopia por cápsula. A literatura sugere que o rendimento diagnóstico é influenciado pela idade do doente, contudo, não é consensual o grupo etário para o qual o rendimento diagnóstico é maior. OBJETIVO: Clarificar as diferenças de rendimento diagnóstico e incidência de achados específicos de acordo com a idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospetivo unicêntrico. Incluídos 118 doentes que realizaram sistematicamente enteroscopia por cápsula no estudo de anemia ferropénica. Todos os vídeos foram revistos e foram reportados os achados no intestino delgado que pudessem ser a causa da anemia ferropénica. Excluídas enteroscopia por cápsula incompletas. Comparados os achados entre doentes com ≤60 e >60 anos. RESULTADOS: Doentes com idade média de 58 anos (SD ±17,9), 69,5% do género feminino (n=82). O rendimento diagnóstico global foi de 49% (58/118), sendo superior em doentes >60 anos (36/60, rendimento diagnóstico 60%) do que em doentes ≤60 anos (20/58, 34%). As angiectasias foram mais frequentemente reportadas em doentes >60 anos (45% vs 9%, P<0,01). Nos doentes com ≤60 anos foi mais frequentemente reportada inflamação significativa (Score de Lewis >135 em 10,3% vs 1,7%, P<0,05) e lesões não vasculares (24% vs 10%, P=0,04). CONCLUSÃO: Na nossa amostra, a enteroscopia por cápsula revelou-se importante no estudo da anemia ferropénica detectando achados relevantes em cerca de metade dos doentes. O rendimento diagnóstico foi maior em doentes com mais de 60 anos (60%), sendo as lesões vasculares mais frequentes neste grupo. Apesar do menor rendimento diagnóstico em indivíduos até aos 60 anos, foi detectada patologia relevante neste grupo, em especial do tipo inflamatório.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/etiology , Capsule Endoscopy/methods , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Age Factors , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Acute infectious diarrhea is still a major public health problem, both in developing and developed countries, causing morbidity, mortality and high costs. Acute diarrhea particularly affects people in extrema age ranges, travelers and immunosuppressed individuals. Traditional microbiological study, based on cultures, direct microscope analysis, and antigen tests show poor performance, due to low sensitivity and specificity, slowness and the diversity of bacteria, viruses and parasites that complicate getting the results. New molecular techniques based on multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits allow for the identification, in few hours and simultaneously, of many agents, such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, with high sensitivity and specificity; which will probably transform etiological diagnosis of acute diarrhea
La diarrea aguda infecciosa continúa siendo un problema de salud pública tanto en países en vías de desarrollo como en países desarrollados, causando morbi-mortalidad y grandes gastos económicos. Las diarreas agudas son especialmente importantes en personas con edades extremas, viajeros e inmunodeprimidos. El estudio microbiológico tradicional basado en cultivos, análisis microscópico directo y pruebas de antígenos tiene un rendimiento pobre, dado por su baja sensibilidad y especificidad, lentitud y la gran diversidad de bacterias, virus y parásitos que dificultan la obtención de resultados. Las nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico molecular basadas en kits de reacción de polimerasa en cadena (PCR) múltiple permiten identificar en pocas horas y en forma simultánea una gran cantidad de agentes, tanto bacterias, virus, como parásitos, con alta sensibilidad y especificidad, lo que probablemente transformará el diagnóstico etiológico de las diarreas agudas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dysentery/diagnosis , Dysentery/etiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Dysentery/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
The gastrointestinal system is closely related to the skin. Multiple disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that manifest clinically on the skin surface are recognized, which can even occur before establishing the definitive diagnosis of the disease. For this reason, it is necessary that the dermatologist is internalized regarding the wide variety of clinical signs that can guide the etiological study, which requires in most cases, a multidisciplinary management. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skin Manifestations , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Liver Failure/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complicationsABSTRACT
Los adultos mayores corresponden una población vulnerable a presentar complicaciones durante su hospitalización, pudiendo aparecer una de estas complicaciones durante el soporte enteral, por ello el objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las complicaciones gastrointestinales, infecciosas y mecánicas durante el soporte enteral en adultos mayores institucionalizados. El diseño fue transversal, en el cual se analizaron fichas de adultos de 60 o más años de edad, de ambos sexos, con indicación de soporte nutricional enteral, internados en el Hospital Geriátrico Dr. Gerardo Buongermini del IPS. Se realizó la revisión retrospectiva de 48 historias clínicas, analizándose los datos demográficos, clínicos, de soporte y las complicaciones mediante estadística descriptiva La mediana de la edad fue 82,5 años y el 54,2% era del sexo femenino. El 72,9% de los pacientes estaba internado en clínica médica, el 52,1% presentó algún tipo de complicación durante al soporte enteral, siendo estas en orden decreciente: gastrointestinales (60%), infecciosas (44%) y mecánicas (20%). Se encontró que la diarrea (10/11) fue la principal complicación gastrointestinal. Dentro de las infecciosas, la broncoaspiración (8/11), y la única complicación mecánica fue el autoretiro de la sonda. Todos los pacientes (4/4) con formula artesanal o mixta presentaron complicaciones y estas fueron más frecuentes en pacientes con forma de administración tipo bolo y por método de infusión continua. En conclusión alrededor de la mitad de los adultos mayores presentaron algún tipo de complicación durante el soporte enteral.
The elderly correspond to a population that is vulnerable to complications during hospitalization, and complications may appear during enteral support. The objective was to identify gastrointestinal, infectious and mechanical complications during enteral support in hospitalized older adults. A crossed-sectional descriptive study was carried out using the medical records of adults aged 60 and above who had indication of enteral nutritional support and hospitalized for any pathology at the Dr. Gerardo Buongermini Geriatric Hospital from IPS. Complying with the estimated sample about size, 48 medical records were analyzed and information aboutdemographic and clinical data, support and complications, was collected. The median age was 82.5 years, 54.2% were women, 72.9% of the patients were hospitalized in the medical clinic area. Fifty two point one percent presented some type of complication during enteral support, the frequency of complications was as follows: gastrointestinal (60%), infectious (44%) and mechanical complications (20%). Diarrhea (10/11) was the main gastrointestinal complication, the broncoaspiration (8/11) among complications infectious, and the only mechanical complication was the removal of the catheter. All patients (4/4) with craft formula or mixed formula had complications and these were more frequent in patients with bolus administration and y continuous infusion. In conclusion about half of older adults presented some type of complications during enteral support.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Enteral Nutrition , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms seem to affect more women, due to hormonal and emotional issues, impacting the quality of life. The emotional state can affect the bowel functioning through a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain involving the neuroendocrine system. Altered bowel functioning and gastrointestinal symptoms can alter quality of life. OBJECTIVE The SIM study aimed to describe, characterize and quantify gastrointestinal symptoms reported by Brazilian women, their causes, feelings and impact. METHODS A structured electronic questionnaire was developed following qualitative phase for semantic formatting, and was administered to volunteer women in ten Brazilian cities. Descriptive and Bayesian statistics analyses were used. RESULTS From the 3029 respondent, 66% reported gastrointestinal symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms were gases (46%), abdominal distention and constipation (43%). The main causes were lifestyle and eating habits. Gastrointestinal symptoms affected quality of life in most women (62%), especially constipation (mood (89%), concentration (88%) and sexual life (79%)). Most common solutions were drinking water, teas, eating foods rich in fiber and probiotics. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal symptoms are highly prevalent in Brazilian women and negatively impact different aspects of quality of life (mood, concentration and sexuality). The bowel is an important emotional catalyst that can modulate the psychologic behavior. Better understanding of the interaction between the gut and the brain should help in the management of gastrointestinal symptoms to improve women’s quality of life.
RESUMO CONTEXTO Sintomas gastrointestinais parecem afetar mais as mulheres, devido a problemas hormonais e emocionais, afetando a qualidade de vida. O estado emocional pode afetar o funcionamento do intestino por meio de um sistema de comunicação bidirecional entre o intestino e o cérebro que envolve o sistema neuroendócrino. Alterações da função intestinal e sintomas gastrointestinais podem afetar a qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO O estudo SIM teve como objetivo descrever, caracterizar e quantificar os sintomas gastrointestinais relatados por mulheres brasileiras, suas causas, sentimentos e impacto. MÉTODOS Questionário eletrônico estruturado foi desenvolvido após a fase qualitativa para formatação semântica, e foi administrado a mulheres voluntárias em 10 cidades brasileiras. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e Bayesiana. RESULTADOS A partir dos 3029 respondentes, 66% relataram sintomas gastrointestinais. Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram gases (46%), distensão abdominal e constipação (43%). As principais causas relatadas foram estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares. Sintomas gastrointestinais afetaram a qualidade de vida da maioria das mulheres (62%), especialmente a constipação (humor (89%), concentração (88%) e vida sexual (79%)). As soluções mais comuns adotadas foram beber água, chás, comer alimentos ricos em fibras e probióticos. CONCLUSÃO Sintomas gastrointestinais são altamente prevalentes nas mulheres brasileiras e impactam negativamente diferentes aspectos da qualidade de vida (humor, concentração e sexualidade). O intestino é um catalisador emocional importante que pode modular o comportamento psicológico. Melhor compreensão da interação entre o intestino e o cérebro pode ajudar na gestão dos sintomas gastrointestinais para melhorar a qualidade de vida das mulheres.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Aged , Quality of Life/psychology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/psychology , Brazil , Surveys and Questionnaires , Bayes Theorem , Gastrointestinal Diseases/classification , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Life Style , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Arginase/metabolism , Arthritis, Reactive/microbiology , Arthritis, Reactive/virology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Arthritis, Reactive/complications , Arthritis, Reactive/immunology , Bacterial Infections/complications , Bacterial Infections/immunology , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Case-Control Studies , Chlamydia trachomatis/classification , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification , Female Urogenital Diseases/complications , Female Urogenital Diseases/immunology , Female Urogenital Diseases/microbiology , Female Urogenital Diseases/virology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/immunology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/virology , Hepacivirus/classification , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis B virus/classification , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis/complications , Hepatitis/immunology , Hepatitis/virology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology , Male Urogenital Diseases/complications , Male Urogenital Diseases/immunology , Male Urogenital Diseases/microbiology , Male Urogenital Diseases/virology , Nasopharyngeal Diseases/complications , Nasopharyngeal Diseases/immunology , Nasopharyngeal Diseases/microbiology , Nasopharyngeal Diseases/virology , Primary Cell Culture , Streptococcus pyogenes/classification , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the perception of psychosocial factors and mental workload of nurses who work in intensive care units. It is hypothesised that nurses in these units could perceive psychosocial risks, manifesting in a high mental work load. The psychosocial dimension related to the position's cognitive demands is hypothesised to mostly explain mental work load. METHOD: Quantitative study, with a descriptive, cross-sectional, and comparative design. A total of 91% of the intensive care unit populations of three Chilean hospitals was surveyed, corresponding to 111 nurses. The instruments utilised included (A) a biosociodemographic history questionnaire; (b) the SUSESO-ISTAS 21 questionnaire; and (c) the Mental Work Load Subjective Scale (ESCAM, in Spanish). RESULTS: In total, 64% and 57% of participants perceived high levels of exposure to the psychosocial risks Psychosocial demands and Double shift, respectively. In addition, a medium-high level of overall mental load was observed. Positive and significant correlations between some of the SUSESO-ISTAS 21 and ESCAM dimensions were obtained. Using a regression analysis, it was determined that three dimensions of the psychosocial risk questionnaire helped to explain 38% of the overall mental load. CONCLUSION: Intensive care unit nurses felt that inadequate psychosocial factors and mental work overload existed in several of the tested dimensions. .
OBJETIVO: analisar a percepção de fatores psicossociais e a carga mental de trabalho de enfermeiros que trabalham em unidades de terapia intensiva. A hipótese é que os enfermeiros dessas unidades podem perceber os riscos psicossociais e manifestar uma alta carga mental de trabalho. Além disso, a dimensão psicossocial relacionada às demandas cognitivas do cargo explicaria a maior parte da carga mental de trabalho. MÉTODO: estudo quantitativo, com delineamento descritivo, transversal e comparativo. Foi examinada 91% da população das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de três hospitais chilenos, correspondente a 111 enfermeiros. Os instrumentos utilizados incluíram (a) um questionário do histórico biossociodemográfico; (b) o questionário SUSESO-ISTAS 21; e (c) a Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabalho (ESCAM). RESULTADOS: no total, 64% e 57% dos participantes perceberam um alto nível de exposição aos riscos psicossociais Demanda psicológica e Jornada dupla, respectivamente. Além disso, foi observado um nível de médio para alto de carga mental global. Foram obtidas correlações positivas e significativas entre algumas das dimensões do SUSESO-ISTAS 21 e do ESCAM. Utilizando uma análise de regressão, determinou-se que três dimensões do questionário de risco psicossocial ajudaram a explicar 38% da carga mental total. CONCLUSÃO: os enfermeiros das unidades de terapia intensiva percebem os fatores psicossociais e a sobrecarga mental de trabalho em várias de suas dimensões. .
OBJETIVO: analizar la percepción de Factores psicosociales y Carga mental de trabajo de enfermeras/os que laboran en Unidades Críticas. Se hipotetiza que los/as enfermeros/as de estas unidades pudieran percibir riesgos psicosociales; Mostrarán una Carga mental de trabajo alta; y la dimensión psicosocial relacionada con exigencias cognitivas del puesto explicará en mayor medida la Carga Mental. MÉTODO: estudio cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo, transversal y comparativo. Se censó el 91% de la población de Unidades Críticas de tres hospitales chilenos, correspondiente a 111 enfermeras/os. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: (a) Cuestionario de antecedentes biosociodemográficos; (b) Cuestionario SUSESO-ISTAS 21; y (c) Escala Subjetiva de Carga Mental de Trabajo (ESCAM). RESULTADOS: el 64% y el 57% de los/as participantes perciben un alto nivel de exposición a los riesgos psicosociales Demandas psicológicas y Doble presencia, respectivamente. Además, se obtiene un nivel de Carga mental global media-alta. Se obtuvo correlaciones positivas y significativas entre algunas dimensiones de SUSESO-ISTAS 21 y ESCAM, y mediante un análisis de regresión se obtuvo que tres dimensiones del cuestionario de riesgos psicosociales contribuyen a explicar un 38% de la Carga mental global. CONCLUSIÓN: las/os enfermeras/os de unidades críticas, perciben factores psicosociales inadecuados y sobrecarga mental de trabajo, en varias de sus dimensiones. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy , Mastocytosis, Systemic/diagnosis , Octreotide/therapeutic use , Bone Marrow/pathology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Mast Cells/immunology , Mast Cells/metabolism , Mast Cells/pathology , Mastocytosis, Systemic/complications , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori can cause variety of upper gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcer, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-lymphoma, and gastric cancer. The prevalence of H. pylori infection has significantly decreased in Korea since 1998 owing to active eradication of H. pylori. Along with its decrease, the prevalence of peptic ulcer has also decreased. However, the mean age of gastric ulcer increased and this is considered to be due to increase in NSAID prescription. Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Korea and Japan, and IARC/WHO has classified H. pylori as class one carcinogen of gastric cancer. Despite the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori infection, the total number of gastric cancer in Korea has continuously increased from 2006 to 2011. Nevertheless, the 5 year survival rate of gastric cancer patients significantly increased from 42.8% in 1993 to 67% in 2010. This increase in survival rate seems to be mainly due to early detection of gastric cancer and endoscopic mucosal dissection treatment. Based on these findings, the prevalence of peptic ulcer is expected to decrease even more with H. pylori eradication therapy and NSAID will become the main cause of peptic ulcer. Although the prevalence of gastric cancer has not changed along with decreased the prevalence of H. pylori, gastric cancer is expected to decrease in the long run with the help of eradication therapy and endoscopic treatment of precancerous lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/epidemiology , Peptic Ulcer/epidemiology , Prevalence , Stomach Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
Antecedentes. El prolapso rectal es la invaginación de capas del recto a través del canal anal y su protrusión fuera de éste, entidad comúnmente vista en pacientes de cualquier edad, más frecuente en menores con igual distribución en ambos sexos y adultos mayores.Objetivo. Presentar caso de prolapso rectal en menor de edad, discutir manejo quirúrgico realizado y revisar el tema. Caso clínico. Paciente de 4 años de edad que al examen físico se confirmó prolapso recurrente rectal, con factores predisponentes de desnutrición, anemia severa, disentería y huevos de Trichuris trichiura en un examen de heces. Se decidió llevar la paciente a quirófano para realizarle reducción manual y cerclaje anal, considerando que este procedimiento era de menor riesgo para la paciente y práctico de realizar. Conclusión. Se asume que la desnutrición aguda y crónica, la anemia severa y una infección intestinal por Trichuris trichiura, sin descartar otros agentes etiológicos, propiciaron el prolapso rectal. El manejo quirúrgico fue exitoso y la paciente continuó mejorando los parámetros nutricionales.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Rectal Prolapse/diagnosis , Constipation , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Intussusception/complicationsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The study was done to develop an evidence-based enteral nutrition (EN) protocol for effective nutritional support for dysphagia in patients with acute stroke, and to evaluate effects of this protocol on clinical outcomes. METHODS: A methodological study was used to develop the EN protocol and a quasi-experimental study to verify the effectiveness of the protocol. The preliminary EN protocol was drawn by selecting recommendations from previous well-designed EN guidelines, and then developing additional recommendations based on high-quality evidence. Content validation was assessed by an expert group, and clinical applicability by care providers and patients. The scale-level content validity index of the final EN protocol was 0.99. Assessment was done of differences in percentage of caloric goals achieved and presence of undernutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and gastrointestinal (GI) complications after application of the EN protocol. RESULTS: In the EN protocol group, the percentage of caloric goals achieved (R2=.24, p=.001) and the reduction of GI complications (p=.045) were significantly improved, but the presence of undernutrition (p=.296) and aspiration pneumonia (p=.601) did not differ from the usual care group. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the new EN protocol for dysphagia in patients with acute stroke significantly increased their nutritional intake and reduced GI complications.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Body Weight , Deglutition Disorders/complications , Energy Intake , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Evidence-Based Nursing , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Intensive Care Units , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Program Development , Program Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Stroke/complicationsSubject(s)
Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Recovery of Function , Signs and Symptoms , Stroke , SurvivorsABSTRACT
Context Fructose is a monosaccharide frequently present in natural and artificial juice fruits. When the concentration of fructose in certain food is present in excess of glucose concentration some individuals may develop fructose malabsorption. Objectives To report the frequency of fructose malabsorption utilizing the hydrogen breath test in children with gastrointestinal and/or nutritional disorders. Methods Between July 2011 and July 2012, 43 patients with gastrointestinal and/or nutritional disorders, from both sexes, were consecutively studied, utilizing the hydrogen breath test with loads of the following carbohydrates: lactose, glucose, fructose and lactulose. Fructose was offered in a 10% aqueous solution in the dose of 1 g/kg body weight. Samples were collected fasting and at every 15 minutes after the intake of the aqueous solution for a 2 hour period. Malabsorption was considered when there was an increase of >20 ppm of hydrogen over the fasting level, and intolerance was diagnosed if gastrointestinal symptoms would appear. Results The age of the patients varied from 3 months to 16 years, 24 were boys. The following diagnosis were established: irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea in 16, functional abdominal pain in 8, short stature in 10, lactose intolerance in 3, celiac disease in 1, food allergy in 1 and giardiasis in 1 patient. Fructose malabsorption was characterized in 13 (30.2%) patients, and intolerance in 1 (2.3%) patient. The most frequent fructose malabsorption was characterized in 7 (16.3%) patients with irritable bowel syndrome and in 4 (9.3%) patients with functional abdominal pain. Conclusions Patients with irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain were the main cause of fructose malabsorption. .
Contexto Frutose é um monossacarídeo frequentemente presente em sucos de frutas naturais e artificiais. Quando a concentração de frutose em determinados alimentos está presente em excesso de glicose, alguns indivíduos podem apresentar má absorção à frutose. Objetivo Descrever a freqüência de má absorção à frutose utilizando o teste do hidrogênio no ar expirado em crianças com transtornos digestivos e/ou nutricionais. Métodos Durante o período compreendido entre julho de 2011 e julho de 2012 foram investigados de forma consecutiva 43 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com suspeita de má absorção, por meio do teste hidrogênio no ar expirado com sobrecarga dos seguintes carboidratos: lactose, glicose, frutose e lactulose. A frutose foi administrada em solução aquosa 10% à dose de 1 g/kg de peso. Foram obtidas amostras em jejum e, após a ingestão da solução, a cada 15 minutos durante 2 horas. Foi considerada má absorção quando houve incremento >20 ppm de hidrogênio no ar expirado em relação ao jejum, e intolerância caso surgissem sintomas após a sobrecarga. Resultados A idade dos pacientes variou de 3 meses a 16 anos, 24 meninos. Foram estabelecidos os seguintes diagnósticos: síndrome do intestino irritável com diarréia 16, dor abdominal funcional 8, baixa estatura 10, intolerância à lactose 3, doença celíaca 1, alergia alimentar 1 e giardíase 1. Má-absorção à frutose foi caracterizada em 13 (30,2%) pacientes; observou-se intolerância em 1 (2,3%) deles. Síndrome do intestino irritável com diarréia em 7 (16,3%) e dor abdominal funcional em 4 (9,3%) pacientes foram os transtornos com maior prevalência ...
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Fructose/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications , Malabsorption Syndromes/diagnosis , Breath Tests , Intestinal Absorption/physiology , Malabsorption Syndromes/complications , Malabsorption Syndromes/physiopathology , Malnutrition/complications , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Malnutrition/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia de trastornos digestivos funcionales y enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en pacientes adultos con dispepsia no investigada en un hospital docente localizado en Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú. Se recolectaron los resultados de las endoscopías y de los cuestionarios para Trastorno Digestivo Funcional (TDF) y Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastro Esofágico (ERGE) aplicados a pacientes con criterios de selección que acudieron al servicio de gastroenterología desde julio hasta diciembre del 2011. Resultados: 110 pacientes participaron en el estudio, 70,9% fueron mujeres y la edad promedio fue 49,4 años (rango 20-77, DE: ±13,1). 82 pacientes (76,4%) presentaron algún TDF. El más común fue dispepsia funcional (71,8%), seguido por el trastorno por eructos (57,3%), trastorno por náuseas y vómitos (27,3%) y síndrome de intestino irritable (18,2%). 91 pacientes (82,7%) presentaron ERGE, siendo el síntoma más común la regurgitación (80,0%). Las endoscopias mostraron que 25 pacientes (22,7%) tenían alguna lesión estructural. Conclusiones: Se encontró una alta frecuencia de ERGE, trastorno por eructos, trastorno por nauseas y vómitos y síndrome de intestino irritable entre los pacientes con dispepsia no investigada. Además, se encontró una alta frecuencia de superposición de trastornos en un mismo paciente. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de reconocer los diferentes tipos de TDF para evitar el sub-diagnóstico de éstos desórdenes.
Objective: To assess the frequency of functional gastrointestinal disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults with uninvestigated dyspepsia in a general teaching hospital in Lima, Peru. Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study performed at Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia Lima, Peru. Data was collected from questionnaires for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID) based on Rome III criteria and from surveys for diagnosis of GERD applied to eligible patients who visited the gastroenterology unit from July to December 2011. Also, we collected the endoscopys reports. Results: Among 110 patients who participated in the study, 70.9% were female and the mean age was 49.4 years (range 2077, SD: ± 13.1). FGID was found in 82 subjects (74.6%) based on Rome III criteria. The most common FGID was functional dyspepsia (71.8%), followed by belching disorder (57.3%), nausea and vomiting disorder (27.3%) and irritable bowel syndrome (18.2%). Ninety-one patients (82.7%) were diagnosed of GERD, being the most common symptom regurgitation (80.0%). Structural abnormalities were found by upper endoscopy in 25 patients (22.7%). Conclusions: We found a high frequency of GERD, belching disorder, nausea and vomiting disorder and irritable bowel syndrome among adult patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia. In addition, we found a high frequency of overlapping disorders in the same patient. Our results suggest the necessity to recognize the different types of FGID in order to avoid the under diagnosis of common conditions in the outpatient setting.