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1.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 31: e3720, Jan.-Dec. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1424045

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: to analyze the use of the Practical Approach to Care Kit as a technology adopted in nurses' clinical practice for HIV management in Primary Health Care. Method: an exploratory and descriptive research study anchored in the methodological framework of the Constructivist Grounded Theory. The participants were defined through initial sampling, with 12 nurses, and theoretical sampling, with five managers, totaling 17 participants. The data were collected by means of intensive interviews and documentary analysis, and they were analyzed in two stages: 1) Initial coding; and 2) Focused coding. Results: the professionals identified the Practical Approach to Care Kit as a technological innovation that contributed to expanding the clinical practice and to empowering nurses in the clinical management of HIV infection. They also highlighted its importance as a tool for guiding the different responsibilities and duties while sharing care, contributing to the provision of evidence-based practices. Conclusion: The Practical Approach to Care Kit is a technological innovation that has transformed nurses' clinical practice in HIV management, expanding their scope of activities in carrying out the diagnosis, assessing the health condition and counseling, evaluating adherence to the treatment, adverse effects and prescription of exams, medications, and immunobiological.


Resumo Objetivo: analisar a utilização do Practical Approach to Care Kit como uma tecnologia adotada na prática clínica dos enfermeiros no manejo do HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, ancorada no referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados Construtivista. A definição dos participantes foi realizada por amostragem inicial, com 12 enfermeiros, e amostragem teórica, com cinco gestores, totalizando 17 participantes. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas intensivas e análise documental, e foram analisados em duas etapas: 1) codificação inicial; e 2) codificação focalizada. Resultados: os profissionais identificaram o Practical Approach to Care Kit como uma inovação tecnológica que contribuiu para a ampliação da prática clínica e empoderamento do enfermeiro no manejo clínico da infecção por HIV. Também destacaram sua importância como ferramenta para orientação das diferentes responsabilidades e atribuições no compartilhamento do cuidado, contribuindo para a prestação de práticas baseadas em evidências. Conclusão: o Practical Approach to Care Kit é uma inovação tecnológica que transformou a prática clínica do enfermeiro no manejo do HIV, ampliando seu escopo de atividades na realização do diagnóstico, avaliação da condição de saúde e aconselhamento, avaliação da adesão ao tratamento, efeitos adversos e prescrição de exames, medicamentos e imunobiológicos.


Resumen Objetivo: analizar el uso del Practical Approach to Care Kit como tecnología adoptada en la práctica clínica de los enfermeros en el manejo del VIH en la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Método: investigación exploratoria y descriptiva, basada en el marco metodológico de la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos Constructivistas. La definición de los participantes fue realizada por muestreo inicial, con 12 enfermeros, y muestreo teórico, con cinco gestores, fueron 17 participantes en total. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas intensivas y análisis de documentos, y fueron analizados en dos etapas: 1) codificación inicial; y 2) codificación enfocada. Resultados: los profesionales identificaron el Practical Approach to Care Kit como una innovación tecnológica que contribuyó a la expansión de la práctica clínica y al empoderamiento de los enfermeros en el manejo clínico de la infección por VIH. También destacaron su importancia como herramienta para orientar las diferentes responsabilidades y obligaciones en la distribución de la atención de los pacientes, contribuyendo a la prestación de prácticas basadas en evidencia. Conclusión: el Practical Approach to Care Kit es una innovación tecnológica que ha transformado la práctica clínica de los enfermeros en el manejo del VIH, ampliando su radio de acción para la realización del diagnóstico, evaluación del estado de salud y asesoramiento, evaluación de la adherencia al tratamiento, efectos adversos y prescripción de exámenes, medicamentos e inmunobiológicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Nursing , Professional Practice , HIV Infections/therapy , Practice Guideline , Disease Management , Nursing, Team
2.
Lima; Perú. Ministerio de Salud. Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud Pública. Dirección de Prevención y Control de VIH-SIDA, Enfermedades de transmisión Sexual y Hepatitis; 1 ed; Jun. 2023. 37 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | MINSAPERU, LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1437357

ABSTRACT

La presente publicación describe los criterios técnicos para la implementación de la prevención combinada a poblaciones en alto riesgo de infección por el VIH en establecimientos de salud del territorio nacional.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Infection Control , Risk Assessment , Vulnerable Populations
3.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 26(300): 9633-9644, ju.2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1444405

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar como os enfermeiros desenvolvem a prevenção do HIV em adolescentes. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, por meio de estudos selecionados em bases eletrônicas: Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), a busca dos estudos foi realizada nos meses de outubro a novembro de 2022. Resultados: Foram selecionados quatro artigos, sendo todos publicados em periódicos internacionais. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o estudo apontou os facilitadores e as dificuldades em profissionais da enfermagem ao realizar cuidados preventivos de HIV junto a adolescentes. (AU)


Objective: to identify how nurses develop HIV prevention in adolescents. Method: this is an integrative literature review, through selected studies in electronic databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the search for studies was carried out in the October to November 2022. Results: Four articles were selected, all of which were published in international journals. Conclusion: It is concluded that the study pointed out the facilitators and difficulties for nursing professionals when performing HIV preventive care with adolescents.(AU)


Objetivo: identificar cómo los enfermeros desarrollan la prevención del VIH en adolescentes. Método: se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, a través de estudios seleccionados en bases de datos electrónicas: Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), la búsqueda de estudios se realizó en los meses de octubre a noviembre. 2022. Resultados: Se seleccionaron cuatro artículos, todos publicados en revistas internacionales. Conclusión: Se concluye que el estudio apuntó facilitadores y dificultades para los profesionales de enfermería en la realización de cuidados preventivos del VIH con adolescentes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , HIV Infections , Adolescent , Nursing , Infection Control , Qualitative Research
4.
Prensa méd. argent ; 109(3): 121-129, 20230000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1444443

ABSTRACT

Las características clínicas, el diagnóstico, el pronóstico, el tratamiento y la profilaxis de la infección por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 en los pacientes infectados por el VIH, son muy similares a los de la población general cuando estos se encuentran con supresión de la replicación viral con el tratamiento antirretroviral y tienen una cifra de linfocitos T CD4 + > de 200 células/uL. El tiempo medio de incubación es de 5 días (entre 2 y 14 días). En sujetos VIH positivos, cuánto mayor es la carga viral plasmática para VIH y el recuento de CD4 + es < 200 cél/uL, el tiempo que transcurre entre la infección por el coronavirus y la aparición de las manifestaciones clínicas es menor. En la población general, el 70-80% de individuos tienen una infección por SARS-CoV-2 leve/moderada, un 20-25% grave y un 5% muy grave que requiere internación en UTI. En los pacientes infectados por el VIH se desconoce esta proporción, aunque estudios preliminares consideran que las proporciones serían del 66%, 22% y 12%, respectivamente25. Se presenta una serie de 23 pacientes con coinfección SARS-CoV-2/VIH y se analizan las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y la evolución en relación con ambas infecciones


The clinical characteristics, diagnosis methods, medical prognosis, treatment alternatives and prophylaxis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV infected individuals are very similar in patients under HAART with undetectable viral load and CD4+ > than 200 cell/uL. The mean incubation time is of 5 days (range 2 to 14 days). In HIV-seropositive patients, with high viral load and CD4 < 200 cell/ uL, the time between infection for coronavirus and the onset of symptoms is minor. In the general population, 70% to 80% of individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 develops a mild to moderate disease; 20% to 25% severe forms and 5% develops very severe clinical compromise that requieres intensive therapy unit income. In HIV-positive patients these percentages would be 66%, 22% y 12%, respectively25. Here we present a series of 23 HIV-seropositive patients coinfected by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; we analyzed the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and the evolution related with both infections


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Virus Replication , HIV Infections/immunology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , COVID-19
6.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(1): e202202648, feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1412875

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El Ministerio de Salud contempla vacunas específicas para personas con riesgo elevado de infecciones invasoras por bacterias capsuladas (BC). En la actualidad se desconoce el cumplimiento del programa. El objetivo fue evaluar el estado de vacunación para BC en ≤ 18 años con factores de riesgo. Población y métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, mediante encuesta a padres de ≤ 18 años con VIH, asplenia y/o déficit de complemento que concurrieron al vacunatorio de un hospital pediátrico de octubre de 2020 a septiembre de 2021. Se recabaron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. Se evaluó el estado de vacunación para BC: neumococo, meningococo y Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib), calendario regular y antigripal. Se administró la escala de reticencia a la vacunación (ERV): rango 10-50. Se analizó la asociación entre las variables estudiadas y la vacunación para BC mediante regresión logística (OR, IC95%). Se utilizó la base datos REDCap® y STATA vs14®. Resultados. Participaron 104 sujetos, media 9,9 años (DE 4,4). Asplenia: 91,3 %, VIH: 7,6 % y déficit de complemento: 0,9 %. Nivel socioeconómico: pobreza relativa: 38,4 %, seguido por clase media: 37,5 %. Estado de vacunación completa para meningococo: 45 %, neumococo: 42 %, Hib: 97 %. El 77,9 % tenía al día el calendario regular y el 61,5 %, el antigripal. Media ERV: 41,9 (DE 3,2). No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre las variables y el estado de vacunación para BC. Conclusiones. Un elevado porcentaje no tenía vacunación completa para BC, tampoco el calendario regular y antigripal. La confianza en la vacunación de los cuidadores fue elevada.


Introduction. The Ministry of Health has established specific vaccines for people at high risk for invasive infections with encapsulated bacteria (EB). There is currently no information about compliance with the vaccination schedule. Our objective was to assess EB vaccination status in subjects ≤ 18 years with risk factors. Population and methods. Observational, analytical study with a survey to parents of subjects aged ≤ 18 years with HIV, asplenia and/or complement deficiency attending a vaccination center at a children's hospital between October 2020 and September 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Their vaccination status for the EB pneumococcus, meningococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), their regular vaccination and flu vaccination schedules were assessed. The vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS) was administered: range 10­50. The association between the study variables and EB vaccination was analyzed using logistic regression (OR, 95% CI). The REDCap® database and the STATA® v.14 software were used. Results. A total of 104 subjects participated; mean age: 9.9 years (SD: 4.4). Asplenia: 91.3%, HIV: 7.6%, and complement deficiency: 0.9%. Socioeconomic level: relative poverty: 38.4%, followed by middle class: 37.5%. Complete vaccination status: meningococcal vaccine 45%, pneumococcal vaccine: 42%, Hib: 97%. The regular vaccination and flu vaccination schedules were up-to-date in 77.9% and 61.5% of cases, respectively. Mean VHS score: 41.9 (SD: 3.2). No significant associations were observed between variables and EB vaccination status. Conclusions. A high percentage of subjects had not completed neither their EB vaccination nor their regular or their flu vaccination schedules. Caregivers' confidence in vaccines was high.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Haemophilus Vaccines , Haemophilus influenzae type b , Haemophilus Infections/prevention & control , Haemophilus Infections/epidemiology , Vaccination , Hospitals, Pediatric
7.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 35jan. 31, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429001

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Telemedicine was leveraged for its contribution to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 in Brazil and worldwide. Objective: We aim to evaluate the acceptability of incorporating teleconsultation through synchronized videoconference by users and professionals in a service specialized in the prevention and treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections, and to identify associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 410 users and 57 professionals who answered a category-standardized questionnaire. Predictors of acceptability were assessed using logistic regression model. Results: A total of 364 (88.8%) users said they would accept the modality. The factors positively associated with the odds of acceptance were the self-assessment of having favorable conditions to participate in a teleconsultation (aOR 54.8; 95%CI 12.4­242.1; p<0.001), the perception of saving money (aOR 5.2; 95%CI 1.9­14.0; p=0.001), and perceived convenience of the modality (aOR 6.7; 95%CI 2.9­15.9; p<0.001). Factors associated with reduced odds of acceptance were the fear of not being evaluated well (aOR 0.2; 95%CI 0.1­0.4; p<0.001), or remaining long without seeing the professional (aOR 0.2; 95%CI 0.1­0.5; p<0.001). The acceptance of the modality among professionals was 75.4% and the perception of its convenience (aOR 16.8; 95%CI 2.6­108.4; p=0.003) and that the institution has appropriated conditions (aOR 7.7; 95%CI 1.5­40.6; p=0.016) were associated with increased odds of accepting its incorporation in their routine. Conclusion: Governance should invest in infrastructure and support, secure protocols, digital literacy, and training of its users and employees for video teleconsultation. (AU)


Introdução: A telemedicina foi alavancada por sua contribuição para mitigar o impacto da COVID-19 no Brasil e no mundo. Objetivo: Pretendemos avaliar a aceitabilidade da incorporação da teleconsulta por videoconferência síncrona por usuários e profissionais de um serviço especializado na prevenção e tratamento da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, bem como identificar fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 410 usuários e 57 profissionais, que responderam a um questionário padronizado por categoria. Os preditores de aceitabilidade foram avaliados utilizando-se um modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: O total de 364 (88,8%) usuários disseram que aceitariam a modalidade. Os fatores positivamente associados à probabilidade de aceitação foram a autoavaliação quanto a ter condições favoráveis para participar de uma teleconsulta (razão de chances ajustada ­ aOR 54,8; intervalo de confiança de 95% ­ IC95% 12,4­242,1; p<0,001), a percepção de poupar dinheiro (aOR 5,2; IC95% 1,9­14,0; p=0,001) e a percepção de conveniência da modalidade (aOR 6,7; IC95% 2,9­15,9; p<0,001). As menores probabilidades de aceitação foram o medo de não ser bem avaliado (aOR 0,2; IC95% 0,1­0,4; p<0,001) e de permanecer muito tempo sem ver o profissional (aOR 0,2; IC95% 0,1­0,5; p<0,001). A aceitação da modalidade pelos profissionais foi de 75,4% e a percepção de sua conveniência (aOR 16,8; IC95% 2,6­108,4; p=0,003) e a de que a instituição possui condições favoráveis (aOR 7,7; IC95% 1,5­40,6; p=0,016) foram associadas com a maior probabilidade de aceitar a incorporação da modalidade em sua rotina. Conclusão: A governança deve investir em infraestrutura e apoio, protocolos seguros, literacia digital e treinamento de seus usuários e funcionários para a videoconsulta. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/therapy , HIV Infections/therapy , Public Sector , Remote Consultation , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438314

ABSTRACT

Introduction: HIV and AIDS remain as significant global health issues, with misinformation and stigma surrounding the diseases still being prevalent. Accurate and reliable information is crucial for promoting prevention, early detection, and effective management of the disease. YouTube has emerged as a popular platform for sharing and consuming health-related content, but the quality and reliability of its videos on various health topics have been questioned. Objective: This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on HIV/AIDS. Methods: We searched for videos on YouTube using two search terms, "HIV" and "AIDS," and evaluated the top 100 videos for each search term. We recorded video features such as length, likes, comments, views, and upload date. Two independent evaluators assessed the videos' quality and reliability using the Global Quality Scale and the modified DISCERN tool. We classified the videos into two groups based on the source that uploaded the video, professional and non-professional, and analyzed the data using statistical methods. Results: Of the 159 videos evaluated, the most common content categories were HIV transmission routes, basic information and definition of HIV, and HIV/AIDS activism and awareness. Non-professional videos tended to be shorter, but there were no significant differences in views, likes, and likes per day counts. Comments were significantly higher in non-professional videos. Professional videos had higher quality and reliability scores than non-professional videos. Conclusion: Accurate and reliable information on HIV/AIDS is critical for promoting prevention, early detection, and effective management of the disease. YouTube has the potential to disseminate this information, but the quality and reliability of its videos must be improved. Our study highlights the need to prioritize professional, high-quality, and reliable video content on HIV/AIDS on YouTube to improve the public health outcome


Introdução: O HIV e a AIDS continuam a ser problemas significativos de saúde global, e a desinformação e o estigma em torno dessas doenças ainda prevalecem. Informações precisas e confiáveis são cruciais para promover a prevenção, a detecção precoce e o gerenciamento eficaz da doença. O YouTube surgiu como uma plataforma popular para compartilhar e consumir conteúdo relacionado à saúde, mas a qualidade e a confiabilidade de seus vídeos sobre vários tópicos de saúde têm sido questionadas. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar e avaliar sistematicamente a qualidade e a confiabilidade dos vídeos do YouTube sobre HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Pesquisamos vídeos no YouTube usando dois termos de pesquisa, "HIV" e "AIDS", e avaliamos os cem principais vídeos para cada termo de pesquisa. Registramos os recursos do vídeo, como duração, curtidas, comentários, visualizações e data de upload. Dois avaliadores independentes avaliaram a qualidade e a confiabilidade dos vídeos usando a Escala de Qualidade Global e a ferramenta DISCERN modificada. Classificamos os vídeos em dois grupos com base na fonte que fez o upload do vídeo, profissional e não profissional, e analisamos os dados usando métodos estatísticos. Resultados: Dos 159 vídeos avaliados, as categorias de conteúdo mais comuns foram rotas de transmissão do HIV, informações básicas e definição de HIV e ativismo e conscientização sobre HIV/AIDS. Os vídeos não profissionais tenderam a ser mais curtos, mas não houve diferenças significativas nas contagens de visualizações, curtidas e curtidas por dia. Os comentários foram significativamente maiores nos vídeos não profissionais. Os vídeos profissionais tiveram pontuações de qualidade e confiabilidade mais altas do que os vídeos não profissionais. Conclusão: Informações precisas e confiáveis sobre HIV/AIDS são essenciais para promover a prevenção, a detecção precoce e o gerenciamento eficaz da doença. O YouTube tem o potencial de disseminar essas informações, mas a qualidade e a confiabilidade de seus vídeos devem ser aprimoradas. Nosso estudo destaca a necessidade de priorizar conteúdo de vídeo profissional, de alta qualidade e confiável sobre HIV/AIDS no YouTube para melhorar o resultado da saúde pública


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections , Consumer Product Safety , Instructional Film and Video , Internet , Data Accuracy , Health Literacy
9.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438315

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Prevention strategies are key to combating the epidemic of infections such as HIV and syphilis. The epidemiological scenario of Porto Alegre/RS for these infections shows the need for greater efforts in the area of prevention, seeking to characterize both the population that uses these strategies and the services involved in the care of exposed people. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients who received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to HIV treated in a public hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. Methods: This is a retrospective, research, descriptive study based on the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for PEP, updated in 2018 by the Ministry of Health. Prophylaxis request forms and medical records of patients treated were analyzed. Results: The population consisted of 87 women who received PEP from January to September 2019. There was a predominance of women aged between 20 and 29 years old (55.2%). The most frequent sexual exposure was consensual (69.0%) followed by sexual assault (31.0%). Porto Alegre was the place of residence of most patients (73.6%). The most frequently used therapeutic regimen was the combination of atazanavir, ritonavir, and tenofovir plus lamivudine. On the first visit, 8.0% of the patients showed reactive results for the treponemal syphilis test. Only 23.0% and 14.9% of patients returned for anti-HIV tests in the first and third months after exposure, respectively, and the results were non-reactive. Only 19 patients (21.8%) attended the consultations between 0 and 28 days after PEP. Conclusion: It was identified that a considerable percentage of women already had reactive serology for syphilis, most women did not return for follow-up within 28 and 90 days after the first consultation, more than half of the women were aged between 20 and 29 years old, and the most frequent sexual exposure was consensual. In this sense, efforts are needed, such as adequate counseling, adoption of interventions such as sending messages by cell phone, telephone calls, and preparation of educational materials, seeking to improve adherence to treatment and follow-up in the service, which is important given the scenario of epidemiology in Porto Alegre.Keywords: HIV. Sexually transmitted diseases. Post-exposure prophylaxis. Disease prevention


Introdução: Estratégias de prevenção são fundamentais para o combate à epidemia de infecções como o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e sífilis. O cenário epidemiológico de Porto Alegre/RS para essas infecções mostra a necessidade de maiores esforços na área de prevenção, buscando caracterizar tanto a população que utiliza essas estratégias quanto os serviços envolvidos no atendimento das pessoas expostas. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico das pacientes que receberam a profilaxia pós-exposição (PEP) ao HIV atendidas em um hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, documental, descritivo e baseado no Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para PEP, atualizado em 2021 pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram analisados os formulários de solicitação da profilaxia e prontuários das pacientes atendidas. Resultados: A população foi composta de 87 mulheres que receberam a PEP no período de janeiro a setembro de 2019. Predominaram mulheres com idades entre 20 e 29 anos (55,2%). A exposição sexual mais frequente foi a consentida (69,0%), seguida pela violência sexual (31,0%). Porto Alegre foi o local de residência da maioria das pacientes (73,6%). O esquema terapêutico utilizado com maior frequência foi a combinação com atazanavir, ritonavir e tenofovir associado à lamivudina. No primeiro atendimento, 8,0% das pacientes demonstraram resultados reagentes para o teste treponêmico de sífilis. Retornaram para a realização dos testes anti-HIV no primeiro e terceiro mês após a exposição apenas 23,0 e 14,9% das pacientes, respectivamente, e os resultados foram não reagentes. Apenas 19 delas (21,8%) compareceram às consultas entre zero e 28 dias posteriores à PEP. Conclusão: Foi identificado que um percentual considerável de mulheres já apresentava sorologia reagente para sífilis, a maioria das mulheres não retornou para o seguimento no período de 28 e 90 dias após o primeiro atendimento, mais da metade delas tinha idade entre 20 e 29 anos e a exposição sexual mais frequente foi a consentida. Nesse sentido, são necessários esforços como aconselhamento adequado, adoção de intervenções como o envio de mensagens pelo celular, ligações telefônicas e elaboração de materiais educativos, buscando a melhoria da adesão ao tratamento e do acompanhamento no serviço, o que é importante diante do cenário epidemiológico de Porto Alegre.Palavras-chave: HIV. Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Profilaxia pós-exposição. Prevenção


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Ritonavir/administration & dosage , Lamivudine/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Tenofovir/administration & dosage , Atazanavir Sulfate/administration & dosage
10.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 35jan. 31, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1443621

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after potential risk exposure. ARV-based interventions are recommended as part of combination HIV prevention, especially for key populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure knowledge about PEP among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on university students from the Health, Education, Exact, and Human Sciences Departments of the State University of Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic data, information on sexual behavior, and knowledge of PEP were collected through a standardized self-applied questionnaire. Results: We analyzed 1580 questionnaires, of which 66.7% (1024/1536) were from females, with a mean age of 23.9 (±6.5) years, and 35.4% (448/1264) reported irregular use of condoms and regular use was not associated with being students from the health area (p=0.44, OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.69­1.17). Regarding PEP, 28.5% (449/1578) had known about it and their knowledge was statistically associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) (p<0.01, OR 3.92, 95%CI 2.45­6.28). It was noted that 94.0% (1485/1579) did not know the time limit for starting PEP, 95.1% (1500/1578) did not know the duration of prophylaxis, and 91.1% (1437/1577) did not know where to get PEP. Finally, 0.4% (7/1578) referred to previous use and 96.6% (1488/1540) would not change their sexual behavior after knowing about PEP. Conclusion: PEP is a prevention strategy available for decades and is safe, effective, and cost-effective. However, it is underutilized and a lack of knowledge on PEP is one of the main obstacles to access. Among university students, there is a limited knowledge about PEP acting as a barrier in preventing new infections, which shows the need for interventions based on sexual-health education, stimulating the reduction of risk behaviors and disseminating information about combination prevention.


Introdução: A Profilaxia Pós-Exposição (PEP) é o uso de medicamentos antirretrovirais (ARVs) para reduzir o risco de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) após uma potencial exposição. Intervenções baseadas em ARV são recomendadas como parte da prevenção combinada do HIV, especialmente para populações-chave. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi medir o conhecimento sobre PEP entre estudantes universitários. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado entre universitários dos Departamentos de Saúde, Educação, Ciências Exatas e Humanas da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Dados sociodemográficos, informações sobre comportamento sexual e conhecimento sobre PEP foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoaplicável padronizado. Resultados: Foram analisados 1.580 questionários, 66,7% (1024/1536) do sexo feminino, idade média de 23,9 (±6,5) anos, 35,4% (448/1264) relatam uso irregular de preservativo, e o uso regular não foi associado ao fato de ser estudante da área da saúde (p=0,44, OR 0,90, IC95% 0,69-1,17). Em relação à PEP, 28,5% (449/1578) já tinham ouvido falar, e seu conhecimento foi estatisticamente associado a homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) (p<0,01, OR 3,92, IC95% 2,45­6,28). Destaca-se que 94,0% (1485/1579) não sabiam o tempo limite para iniciar o PEP, 95,1% (1500/1578) não sabiam o tempo de duração da profilaxia e 91,1% (1437/1577) não sabiam onde conseguir o PEP. Por fim, 0,4% (7/1578) referiu uso anterior e 96,6% (1488/1540) não mudaria seu comportamento sexual após saber da PEP. Conclusão: A PEP é uma estratégia de prevenção disponível há décadas, segura, eficaz e de baixo custo, porém, é subutilizada e seu desconhecimento é um dos principais obstáculos ao acesso. Há um conhecimento limitado sobre PEP entre universitários, destacando-se como uma barreira na prevenção de novas infecções, o que evidencia a necessidade de intervenções baseadas na educação em saúde sexual, estimulando a redução de comportamentos de risco e disseminando informações sobre prevenção combinada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Sexual Behavior , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Brazil , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 35jan. 31, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451617

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Brazilian universities receive annually thousands of young people who experience situations of vulnerability to the human immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmitted infections, and viral hepatitis. Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the secondary data obtained from the attendance record of the rapid testing campaign for these health problems at a federal university in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with secondary data of students (n=1,113) obtained from the standard attendance form by the Ministry of Health during the campaigns Fique Sabendo (Be Aware) in the period between November 25 and 29, 2019. Analyses were performed with the support of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program, with the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies. Pearson's chi-square test (5%) was used for comparison. Results: The results revealed a young, heterosexual, white profile. More than half reported having consumed alcohol and drugs in their lives. Other findings were the non-use of condoms with steady partners (18.1%) and occasional partners (21.3%), oral sex (86.8%), and unprotected sex in the last intercourse (45.6%). Most declared never being tested for human immunodeficiency virus (74.5%), syphilis (67.4%), hepatitis B (76.1%), or hepatitis C (77.0%). Conclusion: The university population is vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections due to the number of sexual partners and discontinued use of condoms with occasional partners. Such vulnerability is increased by the use of alcohol and other drugs


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students/statistics & numerical data , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/transmission , HIV Infections/transmission , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Vulnerability Analysis
12.
São Paulo; s.n; 2023. 1-74 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-TESESESSP, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1436762

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Infecções de Corrente Sanguínea (ICS) por Candida spp. apresentam alta letalidade em casos de atraso terapêutico. Na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) do Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, a taxa de candidemia correspondeu a aproximadamente 20% das ICS em 2016, sendo o segundo agente mais frequente de ICS desde 2011. Dada tamanha relevância e demanda por métodos baratos e acessíveis de triagem de pacientes de alto risco para tal complicação, criar escores para detecção de candidemia tem se tornado uma prática frequente. De tal forma, avaliamos três escores preditores publicados na literatura aplicados em pacientes críticos com resultado sorológico majoritariamente HIV positivo. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco para candidemia e o escore preditor de candidemia com melhor correlação estatística para uma população com HIV atendida em UTI especializada. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo, observacional. Por meio de revisão de literatura, onde foram identificados os escores de Leon et al, Ostrosky et al e Guillamet et al, para cálculo de amostra mínima necessária para o estudo. A seguir, foram incluídos todos os casos notificados de ICS de novembro de 2015 a setembro de 2019, de acordo com os critérios laboratoriais da ANVISA, 2017. Foram então analisados os fatores de risco para candidemia a partir de prontuários eletrônicos. Para comparar os escores, foi empregado cálculo de Kolmogorov Smirnov para definição de normalidade, Qui-quadrado e depois Teste de Fisher ou U de Mann-Whitney para amostras não dicotômicas. Resultados: Para candidemia na amostra total, na regressão univariada, infecção hospitalar prévia nos últimos 90 dias [OR 5,68, IC 95% 1,62 ­ 19,94, p = 0,007], uso de nutrição parenteral total (NPT) durante a internação [OR 3,54, IC 95% 1,49 ­ 8,41, p = 0,004], NPT nos 3 dias anteriores ao desfecho [OR 3,34 IC 95% 1,39 ­ 8,03, p = 0,007], pancreatite nos 7 dias anteriores ao desfecho [OR 3,72, IC 95% 1,19 ­ 11,59, p = 0,024] e choque séptico de foco não pulmonar [OR 2,69, IC 95% 1,07 ­ 6,81, p = 0,036], apresentaram significância. Já no modelo de regressão logística múltipla, manteve-se NPT [OR 3,55, IC 95% 1,43-8,78, p = 0,006] e pancreatite há menos de 7 dias [OR 5,68, IC 95% 1,58-20,47, p = 0,008] como fatores associados a candidemia. Nenhum dos escores de risco, quando com a pontuação mínima atingida, apresentou significância estatística ao desfecho candidemia para a amostra total. Na análise restrita aos pacientes com HIV, para desfecho candidemia, a regressão logística univariada revelou significância estatística para pancreatite nos últimos 7 dias [OR 3,58, IC 95% 1,35 ­ 12,37, p = 0,044], o uso de NPT em qualquer momento da internação [OR 3,37, IC 95% 1,26-8,98, p = 0,015), o uso de NPT nos últimos 3 dias prévios à manifestação de ICS [OR 3,13, IC 95% 1,15-8,49, p = 0,025], choque séptico de foco pulmonar [OR 3,34, IC 95% 1,20-9,31, p = 0,021], e um escore de Guillamet et al igual ou superior a 3 [OR 3,72, IC 95% 1,34-10,39, p = 0,012]. Já no modelo de regressão logística múltipla, manteve-se o escore de Guillamet et al, [OR 3,47, IC 95% 1,21 ­ 9,90, p = 0,02] e uso de NPT durante a internação [OR 3,09, IC 95% 1,12 ­ 8,54, p 0,03] como fatores associados ao desfecho candidemia. Corticoterapia nos últimos 7 dias prévios à ICS [OR 2,42, IC95% 1,06 ­ 5,49], sepse grave [OR 3,89, IC 95% 1,57 ­ 9,66], neutropenia [OR 7,26, IC 95% 1,43 ­ 37,01] e qualquer cirurgia prévia [OR 3,38, IC 95% 1,23 ­ 9,33] foram fatores associados a óbito na amostra total. Conclusão: Em UTIs com grande prevalência de pacientes com HIV, NPT e pancreatite podem ser fatores clínicos associados a candidemia. Caso tal indivíduo seja PVHA, a presença de NPT e o escore de Guillamet et al podem ser relevantes em estudos para descartar ou aumentar suspeição clínica sobre candidemia, sendo necessário mais análises sobre esse desfecho e a relevância desses escores nessa população. (AU)


Introduction: Bloodstream Infections (BSI) by Candida spp presents high lethality in cases of therapeutic delay. In the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of our institution, the candidemia rate corresponded to approximately 20% of the BSI in 2016, being the second most frequent agent of BSI since 2011. Given such relevance and demand for easy to use and affordable methods of screening patients at high risk for such complication, creating scores for candidemia has become a frequent practice. Thus, we evaluated three predictive scores published in the literature applied in critically ill patients with HIV positive status. Objective: To identify the risk factors for candidemia and the predictor score of candidemia with the best statistical correlation for a population with HIV treated in a specialized ICU. Methodology: Retrospective, observational study. Through literature review, the scores of Leon et al, Ostrosky et al and Guillamet et al were identified, and the minimum sample required for the study was calculated. Next, all reported cases of CSI from November 2015 to April 2018 were included, according to ANVISA laboratory criteria, 2017. Risk factors for candidemia were analyzed from electronic medical records. To compare the scores, Kolmogorov Smirnov was calculated for normality definition, Chi-square and then Fisher's Test or Mann-Whitney U test for non-dichotomic samples. Results: For the whole ICU population, on univariate analysis for candidemia outcome, previous hospital acquired infection over the last 90 days [OR 5.68, IC 95% 1.62 ­ 19.94 (p = 0.007)], Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) use during hospital stay [OR 3.54, IC 95% 1.49 ­ 8.41, p = 0.004], TPN use over the the last 3 days before BSI incidence [OR 3.34 IC 95% 1.39 ­ 8.03, p = 0.007], pancreatitis 7 days prior to BSI incidence [OR 3.72, IC 95% 1.19 ­ 11.59, p = 0.024] and non-pulmonary septic shock syndrome [OR 2.69, IC 95% 1.07 ­ 6.81, p = 0.036] were significant. On the multivariate regression, TPN [OR 3.55, IC 95% 1.43-8.78, p = 0.006] and pancreatitis 7 days prior to BSI incidence [OR 5.68, IC 95% 1.58-20.47, p = 0.008] remained as candidemia associated factors. No candidemia risk score was significant to candidemia outcome when minimum requirements were attained for the whole sample. For HIV positive patients only, on univariate analysis, pancreatitis 7 days prior to BSI incidence [OR 3.58, IC 95% 1.35 ­ 12.37, p = 0.044], TPN use during hospital stay [OR 3.37, IC 95% 1.26-8.98, p = 0.015], TPN use over the the last 3 days before BSI incidence [OR 3.13, IC 95% 1.15-8.49, p = 0.025], non-pulmonary septic shock syndrome [OR 3.34, IC 95% 1.20-9.31, p = 0.021], and a Guillamet et al score point equal or superior to 3 [OR 3.72, IC 95% 1.34-10.39, p = 0.012] were significant. On the multivariate analysis, Guillamet et al, [OR 3.47, IC 95% 1.21 ­ 9.90, p = 0.02] and TPN use during hospital stay [OR 3.09, IC 95% 1.12 ­ 8.54, p = 0.03] remained significant towards candidemia outcome. Corticoid use on the last seven days before BSI [OR 2,42, IC95% 1,06 ­ 5,49], severe sepsis [OR 3,89, IC 95% 1,57 ­ 9,66], neutropenia [OR 7,26, IC 95% 1,43 ­ 37,01] and any previous surgery [OR 3,38, IC 95% 1,23 ­ 9,33] were associated with death outcome on the whole sample. Conclusion: When a patient manifest BSI in ICUs with high prevalence of HIV positive patients among its population, TPN and pancreatitis may be clinical factors associated with candidemia. Nonetheless, in HIV positive critical patients who manifest BSI, besides TPN, Guillamet et al score might also be a relevant tool to discard or raise suspicion of candidemia, although more clinical trials are required about such outcome and candidemia risk scores accuracy on this population. (AU)


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , HIV , Sepsis , Candidemia , Intensive Care Units
13.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 27: e20220082, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1404751

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um inquérito de Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática sobre estilo de vida saudável em pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Método estudo de desenvolvimento, com elaboração do inquérito por meio de revisão integrativa e análise das diretrizes; análise de conteúdo e aparência por 22 juízes especialistas; e análise semântica por 22 pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial. Mensurada a proporção de avaliações positivas dos itens, considerando-se percentual igual ou maior a 85%. Resultados o inquérito teve três domínios e sete eixos: doenças crônicas em pessoas com vírus da imunodeficiência humana; controle do peso corporal; alimentação saudável; prática de exercício físico; evitar fumo, álcool e drogas ilícitas; controle/redução do estresse; adesão aos antirretrovirais e outros medicamentos. Domínios conhecimento e atitude tiveram 10 perguntas, e o de prática, 11. Na avaliação pelos juízes especialistas, participaram enfermeiros, médicos e nutricionista, com concordância positiva dos itens acima de 85%. Os pacientes fizeram a análise semântica, com concordância positiva nos domínios de 100%. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o inquérito teve evidência de validade adequada, para ser utilizado por enfermeiros e outros profissionais de saúde, para subsidiar a assistência, estratégias educativas e pesquisas com pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana.


Resumen Objetivo elaborar y evaluar una encuesta de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre estilo de vida saludable en personas con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Método estudio de desarrollo, con la elaboración de la encuesta a través de una revisión y análisis integrador de las directrices; análisis de contenido y apariencia por 22 jueces expertos; y análisis semántico por 22 pacientes ambulatorios. Se midió la proporción de valoraciones positivas de los ítems, considerando un porcentaje igual o superior al 85%. Resultados la encuesta tuvo tres dominios y siete ejes: enfermedades crónicas en personas portadoras del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana; control del peso corporal; alimentación saludable; ejercicio físico; evitación del tabaquismo, alcohol y drogas ilícitas; control/reducción del estrés; adherencia a los antirretrovirales y otros medicamentos. Los dominios conocimientos y actitudes tenían 10 preguntas y los dominios práctica tenían 11. En la evaluación de los jueces expertos, participaron enfermeros, médicos y nutricionistas, con concordancia positiva de los ítems superior al 85%. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a análisis semántico, con 100% de concordancia positiva en los dominios. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la encuesta tuvo pruebas adecuadas de validez, para ser utilizada por enfermeros y otros profesionales de la salud, para apoyar la asistencia, las estrategias educativas y la investigación con personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.


Abstract Objective to develop and assess a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice survey on healthy lifestyle in people with human immunodeficiency virus. Method a development study, with the elaboration of survey through of an integrative review and analysis of the guidelines; content and appearance analysis by 22 expert judges; and semantic analysis by 22 outpatients. The proportion of positive assessments of the items was measured, considering a percentage equal to or greater than 85%. Results the survey had three domains and seven axes: chronic diseases in people with human immunodeficiency virus; body weight control; healthy eating; physical exercise; avoiding smoking, alcohol and illicit drugs; stress control/reduction; antiretroviral and other medication compliance. Knowledge and attitude domains had 10 questions, and practice domains had 11. In the assessment by expert judges, nurses, doctors and nutritionists participated, with positive agreement of items above 85%. Patients underwent semantic analysis, with 100% positive agreement in the domains. Conclusion and implications for practice the survey had adequate evidence of validity, to be used by nurses and other health professionals, to support care, educational strategies and research with people living with the human immunodeficiency virus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HIV Infections/therapy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires , HIV , Healthy Lifestyle , Chronic Disease/therapy , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Medication Adherence , Health Literacy
14.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 27: e20210507, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1404752

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo compreender as perspectivas e desafios no cotidiano de pessoas após a descoberta do viver com VIH em Bissau, Guiné-Bissau, tendo em vista diferentes contextos de vulnerabilidade. Método estudo exploratório-descritivo, que utilizou entrevista semiestruturada com 16 pessoas vivendo com VIH, acompanhadas em um hospital de Bissau. Empregou-se técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Os relatos dos participantes foram analisados a partir de duas categorias empíricas: A descoberta, os impactos e os desafios de viver com VIH; e Experiência com o antirretroviral: recomeço e perspectivas. Resultados sinalizaram que os desafios iniciam com a revelação do diagnóstico que, geralmente, desperta uma diversidade de sentimentos e comportamentos. O estigma e a discriminação estimulam a adoção do sigilo sobre o status sorológico, resultando na fragilidade de suporte emocional no enfrentamento à soropositividade. A terapia antirretroviral foi vislumbrada como esperança para o enfrentamento da doença. A vulnerabilidade social foi a dimensão que mais se destacou, e violações dos direitos humanos foram constatadas. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o estudo permite compreender as perspectivas, desafios e vulnerabilidades de pessoas que vivem com VIH. O viver com VIH merece atenção especial por parte dos profissionais de saúde que atuam no cuidado dessas pessoas, destacando-se como contribuição a relevância de um cuidado de saúde integral, em que a ética e a subjetividade estejam presentes.


RESUMEN Objetivo este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender perspectivas y desafíos en la vida cotidiana de las personas que viven con VIH en Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, considerando diferentes contextos de vulnerabilidad. Método estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, que utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada con 16 personas que viven con el VIH, seguido en un hospital de Bissau. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido temático. Los informes de los participantes se analizaron a partir de dos categorías empíricas: El descubrimiento, los impactos y los desafíos de vivir con el VIH; y La experiencia antirretroviral: un nuevo comienzo y perspectivas. Resultados los resultados indicaron que los desafíos comienzan con la divulgación del diagnóstico, que generalmente suscita una diversidad de sentimientos y conductas. El estigma y la discriminación fomentan la adopción del secreto sobre el estado serológico, lo que resulta en un apoyo emocional débil para hacer frente a la seropositividad. La terapia antirretroviral es una esperanza para hacer frente a la enfermedad. La vulnerabilidad social fue la dimensión que más se destacó y se encontraron violaciones a sus derechos humanos. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el estudio permite comprender las perspectivas, los desafíos y las vulnerabilidades de las personas que viven con el VIH. Vivir con VIH merece especial atención por parte de los profesionales de la salud que actúan en el cuidado de estas personas, destacando como aporte la relevancia de la atención integral en salud, en la que la ética y la subjetividad están presentes.


ABSTRACT Objective to understand perspectives and challenges in the daily lives of people after the discovery of living with HIV in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, considering different contexts of vulnerability. Method an exploratory-descriptive study conducted through semi-structured interviews with sixteen people living with HIV attending a hospital in the city of Bissau. We used the thematic content analysis technique. Participants' reports were analyzed following two empirical categories: Discovery, impacts and challenges of living with HIV; and Experience with antiretroviral therapy: new beginning and perspectives. Results the results indicate that the challenges start with the disclosure of diagnosis, which arouses a diversity of feelings and behaviors. Stigma and discrimination encourage the adoption of confidentiality about serological status, which increases the fragility of emotional support in coping with seropositivity. Antiretroviral therapy was seen as a hope for coping with the disease. Social vulnerability was the dimension that stood out the most, and human rights violations involving people living with HIV were verified. Conclusion and implications for practice the study makes it possible to understand the perspectives, challenges and vulnerabilities of people living with HIV. Living with HIV deserves special attention from health professionals who work in the care of these people, highlighting as a contribution the relevance of comprehensive health care, in which ethics and subjectivity are present.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Public Health , HIV Seropositivity/therapy , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Health Vulnerability , Social Support , Adaptation, Psychological , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Qualitative Research , Medication Adherence , Social Stigma , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Guinea-Bissau
15.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428765

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This review will determine whether the incidence of cognitive impairment in HIV patients aged ≥ 50 years is greater than that of their HIV-negative peers. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases will be searched for studies with a sample of individuals aged ≥ 50 years or a mixed population with ≥ 50% aged ≥ 50 years). It will include studies that evaluate seropositive patients compared to and an unexposed control group. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort studies with follow-up ≥ 24 months will be included. Three reviewers will independently screen for eligibility criteria, extract data, and assess the risk of bias in the included studies, as well as evaluate the overall quality of evidence. A narrative synthesis will be prepared according to synthesis without meta-analysis guidelines. EXPECTED RESULTS: We expect to find correlations between older age, HIV, and cognitive impairment. RELEVANCE: The association of geriatric syndromes and HIV is becoming an important field of study. Increased life expectancy accompanied by an active sex life is contributing to this public health problem. This protocol is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022321914). This study was financed in part by the CAPES foundation (financial code: 001)


OBJETIVOS: Esta revisão abordará o questionamento: a incidência de comprometimento cognitivo é maior em pacientes com 50 anos ou mais com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana do que em idosos soronegativos? METODOLOGIA: As bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Web of Science e Scopus serão pesquisadas. A estratégia de busca considerará estudos com amostra de 50 anos ou mais e população mista (pelo menos 50% com 50 anos ou mais). Incluirá estudos que avaliam pacientes soropositivos, e o controle considerará pesquisas que abordem pessoas não expostas. DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Serão incluídos estudos de coorte com seguimento de pelo menos 24 meses. Três revisores, de forma independente, farão a triagem dos artigos quanto aos critérios de elegibilidade, extrairão dados, avaliarão o risco de viés dos trabalhos e avaliarão a qualidade geral das evidências. Uma síntese narrativa será preparada de acordo com a diretriz SWiM. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS: Esperamos encontrar maior incidência de comprometimento cognitivo em idosos que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. RELEVÂNCIA: As síndromes geriátricas associadas ao HIV tornam-se um importante escopo de estudo, uma vez que, o aumento da expectativa de vida acompanhado de uma vida sexual ativa sustenta o ciclo de contaminação desse problema de saúde pública. Este protocolo é relatado de acordo com os Itens Preferenciais de Relatórios para Protocolos de Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise e está registrado no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ­ PROSPERO (CRD42022321914). Este estudo foi parcialmente financiado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ­ Brasil ­ Código de financiamento: 001


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged, 80 and over , HIV Infections/complications , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Geriatric Assessment , Incidence , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Cognition Disorders/virology
16.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 27: e20220444, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1440098

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Compreender como os profissionais de saúde percebem o direito à participação, ou seja, a voz da criança e do adolescente que vivem com HIV em relação ao seu cuidado em saúde. Método Estudo qualitativo com abordagem participativa que utilizou o Método Criativo Sensível. Os participantes foram 16 profissionais de saúde de três Serviços de Assistência Especializada do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Discurso na corrente francesa. Resultados O respeito aos direitos no contexto de cuidado, especificamente, o direito à participação e à tomada de decisão ainda é incipiente. As crianças e os adolescentes possuem voz em aspectos tangenciais do seu cuidado em saúde e de forma passiva, sendo restringida a uma perspectiva clínica e medicamentosa. Conclusão e implicações para a prática O respeito ao direito à participação constitui-se como um elo promissor no cuidado à saúde e necessita ser incorporado na prática diária dos profissionais.


Resumen Objetivo Comprender de qué manera los profesionales de la salud perciben el derecho a la participación, o sea, la voz de los niños y adolescentes que viven con VIH en relación a su atención de la salud. Método Estudio cualitativo con enfoque participativo que utilizó el Método Creativo Sensible. Los participantes fueron 16 profesionales de la salud de tres Servicios de Atención Especializada del sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron sometidos a Análisis del Discurso, en su corriente francesa. Resultados El respeto por los derechos en el contexto del cuidado, específicamente el derecho a la participación y la toma de decisiones, es aún incipiente. Los niños y adolescentes tienen voz en aspectos tangenciales del cuidado de su salud pero en forma pasiva, restringiéndose a una perspectiva clínica y medicamentosa. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica El respeto por el derecho a la participación constituye un eslabón promisorio en el cuidado de la salud y debe ser incorporado en la práctica diaria de los profesionales.


Abstract Objective To understand how health professionals perceive the right to participation, that is, the voice of children and adolescents living with HIV in relation to their own health care. Method A qualitative study with a participatory approach that used the Sensitive Creative Method. The participants were 16 health professionals from three Specialized Care Services in southern Brazil. The data were submitted to French Discourse Analysis. Results Respect for the rights in the care context, specifically the right to participation and decision-making, is still incipient. Children and adolescents have a voice in tangential aspects of their own health care but in a passive way, being restricted to a clinical and medication use perspective. Conclusion and implications for the practice Respect for the right to participation constitutes a promising link in health care and needs to be incorporated into the professionals' daily practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , HIV Infections/therapy , Child Care , Child Health , Adolescent Health , Right to Health , Qualitative Research
17.
Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences ; 6(2): 104-111, 2023. figures, tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1509395

ABSTRACT

Background HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health challenge with youth bearing the brunt of the burden. One essential method for preventing and accessing AIDS care is through Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). Regardless of this, youth population continues to have low utilization of VCT services. Objective To assess the uptake of HIV VCT services and associated factors among university students in Kigali. Methods A cross-sectional study among 374 students recruited using stratified sampling was conducted. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent factors associated with VCT uptake. Results The prevalence of VCT uptake was 59.9%. The logistic regression revealed that being Catholic (AOR = 11.99, 95%CI: 5.44-26.41) and Moslem (AOR = 37.34, 95%CI: 2.67-128.36) compared to Protestant, as well as availability of VCT services (AOR = 5.15, 95%CI: 3.11 - 8.541) favored the use VCT. On the other hand, being aged 20 to 24 years (AOR = 0.112, 95%CI: 0.04 - 0.29) had low likelihood of using VCT than those more than 24 years of age. Conclusion VCT uptake was significantly positively associated with religion and VCT services availability, and negatively associated with age 20-24 years in the campus. Therefore, targeted actions of disseminating information on benefits of VCT and enhancing accessibility of VCT services among students are necessary for the increased VCT uptake to be attained.


Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Seropositivity , Counseling , HIV Testing
18.
S. Afr. med. j. (Online) ; 113(1): 36-41, 2023. figures, tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1412823

ABSTRACT

Background. The high HIV prevalence and incidence in South Africa makes it suitable for recruitment of participants for large-scale HIV preventive vaccine trials. However, fear of vaccine-induced seropositivity (VISP) may be a barrier for community acceptability of the trial, for volunteers to participate in HIV preventive vaccine trials and for uptake of an efficacious vaccine. Prior to 2015, when the first phase 1 safety HIV vaccine trial was undertaken at Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve, the local community stakeholders and healthcare workers were naive about HIV vaccine research and HIV preventive vaccines. Objective. To explore knowledge and perceptions regarding VISP among community stakeholders and healthcare workers in peri-urban Soshanguve, Tshwane.Methods. Using a quantitative-qualitative mixed-methods study design, surveys (n=50) and in-depth interviews (n=18) were conducted during July - August 2015. Participants included community stakeholders, community advisory board members and healthcare workers, who were >18 years old and had attended community educational workshops during September 2014 - May 2015. Audio recordings of interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using content thematic analysis. Data were further analysed by sex, age and educational level.Results. Of a maximum score of 2 on knowledge on VISP, the 50 survey participants (mean age 33.78 years; 45 females) obtained an average of 0.88 (44%). Of 17 in-depth interviewees (one interview could not be transcribed; mean age 30.9 years; 12 females), 8 (47%) displayed some knowledge about VISP, of whom only 5 defined VISP correctly. Women were more knowledgeable about VISP than men; 5 of 12 women (42%) came close to defining VISP correctly, while none of the 5 men did so. The main fear of trial participation expressed by most participants (n=6) was testing HIV-positive as a result of the vaccine. While some participants believed that the community's perceptions of VISP would negatively affect HIV vaccine trial support and recruitment efforts, others noted that if trial participants understand the concept of VISP and are part of support groups, then they would have the information to combat negative attitudes within their community. Conclusion. Most participants had an inaccurate and incomplete understanding of VISP. Many feared testing HIV-positive at clinics; therefore, education on improving a basic understanding of how vaccines work and why VISP occurs is essential. In addition, assessing participant understanding of HIV testing, transmission and VISP is critical for recruitment of participants into HIV vaccine trials and may improve acceptability of an HIV preventive vaccine


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HIV Infections , Prevalence , HIV Seropositivity , Delivery of Health Care , AIDS Vaccines , Immunization Programs
19.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 24(1): 32-44, 2023. tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1414229

ABSTRACT

Background: With the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), life expectancy of HIV-infected persons had increased and the disease is now managed as a chronic one, but the quality of life (QOL) of the patients is now a concern. Social support enhances QOL of patients with chronic illnesses. However, no study has been done to determine the QOL of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in our environment. This study therefore assessed the QOL of PLWHA attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH), Edo State of Nigeria Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Two hundred and thirty PLWHA attending the ART clinic of ISTH, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria, were systematically selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to collect data on sociodemographic and clinical profiles of selected participants, and the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire was used to collect data the QOL of each participant. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 20.0. Results: The overall mean QOL score for the participants was 89.13±1.18 (95% CI=87.95-90.31). The scores in three of the six life domains in the WHOQOL-HIV BREF instrument were similar and high; spirituality/ religion/personal beliefs (16.33±0.36), physical health (15.83±0.28) and psychological health (15.07±0.24). Lower mean QOL scores were observed in the social relationships (13.49±0.28) and environment (13.45±0.20) domains. Clinical HIV stage, marital status, educational status and gender were significantly associated with mean QOL scores in bivariate analysis while only HIV stage 1 and 2 were significantly associated with good QOL in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: It is pertinent that PLWHA are kept in early stages of HIV disease through combination of efforts such as prompt enrolment, commencement and monitoring compliance of HAART, and treatment of opportunistic infections, as well as public health measures including education, de-stigmatization, early diagnosis by extensive accessible screening/testing of at-risk population, social supports and economic empowerment, psychotherapy and social integration of affected individuals especially in a functional home.


Subject(s)
Social Support , HIV Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Compliance , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Diagnosis , Social Integration , Quality of Life , Stereotyping , Therapeutics , Public Health , Hospitals, Teaching , Nigeria
20.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1415943

ABSTRACT

Background: Initiating newly diagnosed people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) onto antiretroviral treatment (ART) and retaining patients on treatment are vital to South Africa's ART programme. In 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its accompanying containment (lockdown) measures presented unprecedented challenges to achieving these objectives. Aim: This study describes the impact of COVID-19 and related restrictions on district-level numbers of newly diagnosed people living with HIV and defaulting ART patients. Setting: Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Methods: Mixed-methods approach: Monthly aggregated electronic patient data (newly initiated and restarted on ART) from 113 public healthcare (PHC) facilities were analysed (December 2019 to November 2020) across varying levels of COVID-19 lockdown regulation periods; telephonic in-depth interviews at 10 rural BCMM PHC facilities were conducted with facility staff, community health workers (CHWs) and intervention personnel. Results: The number of newly initiated ART patients decreased dramatically compared with pre-COVID-19 levels. The overall number of restarted ART patients increased in response to fears of co-infection with COVID-19. Facility-level communications and community outreach promoting HIV testing and treatment were disrupted. Novel approaches to providing services to ART patients were developed. Conclusion: Programmes for identifying undiagnosed people living with HIV and services aimed at retaining ART patients in care were profoundly impacted by COVID-19. The value of CHWs was highlighted, as were communication innovations. Contribution: This study describes the impact of COVID-19 and related regulations on HIV testing, ART initiation and adherence to treatment in a District of the Eastern Cape of South Africa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutics , HIV Infections , Community Health Workers , Coinfection , COVID-19 , Delivery of Health Care , Diagnosis
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