ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The importance and relevance of e-learning courses in medicine and health sciences has increased significantly in the last decade. Despite this, there are few published teaching experiences of e-learning histology courses in the literature worldwide. The histology course we designed was structured on the Moodle platform as a learning management system, and the content was proposed in a synchronous (zoom) and asynchronous (recordings) format. We also included the use of free virtual microscopy tools. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an e-learning histology course on the satisfaction and performance of medical, nursing and midwifery students. The sample included 424 Chilean medical, nursing, and midwifery students from two cohorts. A Likert-type survey was administered at the end of the course. We performed exploratory analysis and ordinary least squares regression. In this study, we present a positive experience of an e-learning histology course. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three main factors related to "e- learning satisfaction", "in-person class activities", and "course design and teaching quality". We also found that there was a positive and significant relationship between students' perceptions of the adaptation of the traditional (face-to-face) histology course into an e-learning format and their academic performance. Our study shows that e-learning histology courses that integrate lectures and practical sessions can be a valuable teaching method for learning histology. Curriculum developers and teachers need to consider the limitations and advantages of this type of teaching and incorporate these three factors into the design and assessment of e-learning histology courses.
La importancia y relevancia de los cursos e-learning en medicina y ciencias de la salud ha aumentado significativamente en la última década. A pesar de ello, existen pocas experiencias docentes publicadas de cursos de histología e-learning en la literatura a nivel mundial. El curso de histología que diseñamos se estructuró en la plataforma Moodle, y los contenidos se propusieron en formato síncrono (zoom) y asíncrono (grabaciones). También incluimos el uso de herramientas gratuitas de microscopía virtual. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el impacto de un curso de histología e-learning en la satisfacción y el rendimiento de los estudiantes de medicina, enfermería y obstetricia. La muestra incluyó 424 estudiantes chilenos de medicina, enfermería y obstetricia de dos cohortes. Se aplicó una encuesta tipo Likert al final del curso. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio y una regresión por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. En este estudio, presentamos una experiencia positiva de un curso de e-learning de histología. El análisis factorial exploratorio reveló tres factores principales relacionados con la "satisfacción sobre el aprendizaje e-learning", "clases presenciales versus clases virtuales" y el "diseño del curso y la calidad de la enseñanza". También encontramos que existía una relación positiva y significativa entre las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre la adaptación del curso de histología tradicional (presencial) a un formato e-learning y su rendimiento académico. Nuestro estudio muestra que los cursos de histología e-learning que integran clases teóricas y sesiones prácticas pueden ser una valiosa herramienta de enseñanza. Los responsables de la elaboración de planes de estudios y los profesores de histología deben tener en cuenta las limitaciones y ventajas de este tipo de enseñanza y sugerimos incorporar estos tres factores al diseño y la evaluación de los cursos de histología en línea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Education, Distance , Histology/education , Personal Satisfaction , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Nursing/psychology , Linear Models , Surveys and Questionnaires , Academic Performance , Health OccupationsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to examine the risk perceptions of midwifery and nursing senior students regarding COVID-19 and compliance with vaccination and protective measures. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two academic years on senior midwifery and nursing students (n = 358). In the present study, the descriptive characteristics of the students and the COVID-19 risk perception scale were used. Results: The students' COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale scores were at a moderate level and a similar level in both years of this study. More than 80% of the students were fully vaccinated, and the family history of COVID-19 was positive in approximately half of them. In the second year of the pandemic, they paid less attention to social distance and avoidance of being indoors. Conclusion: Although the COVID-19 risk perceptions of future health professional students remained at a similar level during the examined period, it was found that in the second year of the pandemic, they started to get used to the process and paid less attention to social protective measures.
RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar as percepções de risco de estudantes sêniores de obstetrícia e enfermagem em relação à COVID-19 e o cumprimento das medidas de vacinação e proteção. Método: Este estudo transversal foi realizado ao longo de dois anos acadêmicos com estudantes sêniores de obstetrícia e enfermagem (n = 358). No presente estudo, foram utilizadas as características descritivas dos estudantes e a escala de percepção de risco da COVID-19. Resultados: As pontuações dos estudantes na Escala de Percepção de Risco da COVID-19 situaram-se num nível moderado e semelhante em ambos os anos do estudo. Mais de 80% dos estudantes estavam totalmente vacinados, e aproximadamente metade deles tinha histórico familiar de COVID-19. No segundo ano da pandemia, prestaram menos atenção ao distanciamento social e aos hábitos de evitar permanência em espaços fechados. Conclusão: Embora as percepções de risco da COVID-19 dos futuros profissionais de saúde tenham permanecido em níveis semelhantes durante o período examinado, verificou-se que, no segundo ano da pandemia, começaram a acostumar-se com o processo e prestaram menos atenção às medidas de proteção social.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las percepciones de riesgo de los estudiantes seniors de obstetricia y enfermería con respecto a COVID-19 y su cumplimiento con la vacunación y las medidas de protección. Método: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en dos años académicos con estudiantes seniors de obstetricia y enfermería (n = 358). En el presente estudio, se utilizaron las características descriptivas de los estudiantes y la escala de percepción de riesgo de COVID-19. Resultados: Las puntuaciones en la Escala de Percepción de Riesgo de COVID-19 de los estudiantes estaban en un nivel moderado y similar en ambos años de este estudio. Más del 80% de los estudiantes estaban completamente vacunados y la historia familiar de COVID-19 fue positiva en aproximadamente la mitad de ellos. En el segundo año de la pandemia, prestaron menos atención a la distancia social y a evitar estar en interiores. Conclusión: Aunque las percepciones de riesgo de COVID-19 de los futuros profesionales de la salud se mantuvieron en un nivel similar durante el período examinado, se encontró que en el segundo año de la pandemia, empezaron a acostumbrarse al proceso y prestaron menos atención a las medidas de protección social.
Subject(s)
Humans , Students , Vaccines , COVID-19 , Security Measures , Health Risk , Health OccupationsABSTRACT
O modelo de demandas e recursos foi utilizado para identificar o poder preditivo do estilo pessoal do terapeuta e do trabalho emocional (demandas), e da inteligência emocional e autoeficácia profissional (recursos) sobre as dimensões da síndrome de Burnout (SB), em uma amostra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de plataforma online, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, o Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, o Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeut, o Questionário de Avaliação Relacionado a Demandas Emocionais e Dissonância da Regra da Emoção, Medida de Inteligência Emocional, e Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um modelo preditor das dimensões da SB, constituído pelas variáveis dissonância emocional, automotivação, demandas emocionais, instrução, envolvimento e autoeficácia. Ressalta-se a relevância de estratégias voltadas para a prevenção da SB nessa categoria profissional, bem como a necessidade de ações que visem a promoção e o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional e da autoeficácia como fortalecimento dos recursos emocionais para atuação na prática clínica.(AU)
The Model of Demands - Resources was used to identify the predictive power of therapist's personal style, emotional work (Demands), Emotional intelligence, and professional self-efficacy (Resources) over the Burnout syndrome dimensions in a sample of 240 Brazilian clinical psychologists. The data was collected by an on-line platform using a Labor and social demographic data questionnaire, a work Burnout Syndrome Evaluation questionnaire (CESQT - Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo), the short version of the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (EPT-C Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta), an Evaluation questionnaire related to emotional demands and emotion rule dissonance, and the Emotional Intelligence Measure (EIM) and Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS) as research instruments. Results showed a predictor model of Burnout syndrome constituted by the variables Emotional dissonance, Self-motivation, Emotional demands, Instruction, Involvement, and Self-efficacy. We emphasize the relevance of strategies to prevent Burnout Syndrome in this professional category and the need for actions to promote and develop emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as a strengthening factor of the emotional resources to work as a clinical psychologist.(AU)
Se utilizó el modelo demandas y recursos para identificar el poder predictivo del estilo personal del terapeuta y del trabajo emocional (demandas), y de la inteligencia emocional y autoeficacia profesional (recursos) sobre las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout (SB), en una muestra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileños. Los datos se recolectaron de una plataforma en línea, utilizando como instrumentos de investigación un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, el Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta, el Cuestionario de Evaluación Relacionado con Demandas Emocionales y Disonancia de la Regla de la Emoción, la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional y Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un modelo predictor de las dimensiones de SB, constituido por las variables disonancia emocional, automotivación, exigencias emocionales, instrucción, implicación y autoeficacia. Se destaca la relevancia de las estrategias dirigidas a la prevención del SB en esta categoría profesional, así como la necesidad de acciones dirigidas a promover y desarrollar la inteligencia emocional y la autoeficacia como fortalecimiento de los recursos emocionales para trabajar en la práctica clínica.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Societies , Burnout, Professional , Self Efficacy , Emotional Intelligence , Burnout, Psychological , Psychotherapists , Organizational Innovation , Anxiety , Pathologic Processes , Patient Participation , Permissiveness , Personal Satisfaction , Personality , Personnel Turnover , Poverty , Professional Practice , Psychology , Psychology, Clinical , Quality of Life , Aspirations, Psychological , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Signs and Symptoms , Achievement , Social Behavior , Social Class , Psychological Distance , Social Justice , Social Mobility , Stress, Psychological , Task Performance and Analysis , Unemployment , Women, Working , Behavior , Health Services Administration , Adaptation, Psychological , Cardiovascular Diseases , Organizational Culture , Attitude , Indicators of Quality of Life , Mental Health , Family Health , Liability, Legal , Occupational Health , Mental Competency , Practice Guideline , Health Personnel , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Time Management , Efficiency, Organizational , Comprehensive Health Care , Conflict, Psychological , Community Participation , Counseling , Health Management , Creativity , Credentialing , Defense Mechanisms , Depersonalization , Depression , Efficiency , Emotions , Empathy , Employee Grievances , Employee Incentive Plans , Employee Performance Appraisal , Employment , Workforce , Job Market , Ethics, Institutional , Mental Fatigue , Resilience, Psychological , Pleasure , Capacity Building , Social Networking , Hope , Karoshi Death , Compassion Fatigue , Emotional Adjustment , Self-Control , Occupational Stress , Frustration , Economic Status , Sadness , Emotional Regulation , Psychological Distress , Social Factors , Caregiver Burden , Financial Stress , Induced Demand , Community Support , Sociodemographic Factors , Psychological Well-Being , Collective Efficacy , Working Conditions , Group Dynamics , Overtraining Syndrome , Workforce Diversity , Psychological Growth , Coping Skills , Emotional Exhaustion , Time Pressure , Guilt , Health Occupations , Health Promotion , Income , Intelligence , Job Satisfaction , Labor Unions , Leadership , Motivation , Occupational Diseases , Occupational Health ServicesABSTRACT
Este estudo analisa o estresse ocupacional entre psicólogos que atuavam na Atenção Primária à Saúde durante a pandemia ocasionada pela covid-19, assim como as características sociodemográficas e laborais dos participantes e sua relação com o estresse ocupacional. Participaram da pesquisa 70 psicólogos atuantes em 51 unidades básicas de saúde das regiões Oeste e Extremo Oeste catarinense. Para coleta de dados, um questionário sociodemográfico e a versão reduzida da Job Stress Scale (JSS) foram aplicados. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Identificou-se que 35,7% dos psicólogos apresentaram alto desgaste no trabalho; 28,6% baixo desgaste; 27,1% se mostraram em trabalho passivo; e 8,6% em trabalho ativo. No modelo de regressão linear, os fatores associados à dimensão Demanda da JSS foram: possuir filho (a) (coeficiente -1,49; IC 95% -2,75 a -0,23) e afastamento do trabalho nos últimos 12 meses (coeficiente 1,88; IC 95% 0,60 a 3,15). Os psicólogos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica autorreferida apresentaram, em média, 3,96 pontos a menos no escore de Apoio social (IC 95% -7,06 a -0,85), quando comparados aos não hipertensos, e entre os psicólogos que trabalhavam no turno da manhã identificou-se aumento de 4,46 pontos, em média, no escore de Apoio social (IC 95% 0,90 a 8,02) em relação aos profissionais do turno manhã e tarde. Evidenciou-se que um número significativo de psicólogos apresentava-se em alto desgaste no trabalho, com potenciais implicações para sua saúde e atuação profissional.(AU)
This study analyzed occupational stress among psychologists who worked in Primary Health Care during the COVID-19 pandemic and participants' sociodemographic and work characteristics and their relationship with occupational stress. In total, 70 psychologists working in 51 basic health units in the West and Far West regions of Santa Catarina participated in this research. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the short version of the Job Stress Scale (JSS) were applied to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. In total, 35.7% of psychologists showed high stress at work; 28.6%, low burn out; 27.1%, passive work; and 8.6%, active work. The factors in the linear regression model that were associated with the JSS demand dimension referred to having children (coefficient −1.49; 95% CI −2.75 to −0.23) and absence from work in the last 12 months (coefficient 1.88; 95% CI 0.60 to 3.15). Psychologists with self-reported systemic arterial hypertension showed, on average, 3.96 points lower in the Social Support score (95% CI −7.06 to −0.85) than non-hypertensive ones and psychologists who worked in the morning shift, an average increase of 4.46 points in the Social Support score (95% CI 0.90 to 8.02) in relation to professionals working in the morning and afternoon shifts. A significant number of psychologists had high stress at work, with potential implications to their health and professional performance.(AU)
Este estudio evalúa el estrés laboral entre los psicólogos que trabajaron en la atención primaria de salud durante la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, así como las características sociodemográficas y laborales de ellos y su relación con el estrés laboral. En la investigación participaron setenta psicólogos que trabajan en 51 unidades básicas de salud en las regiones oeste y lejano oeste de Santa Catarina (Brasil). Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la versión corta de la Job Stress Scale (JSS). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se identificó que el 35,7% de los psicólogos presentaban alto estrés en el trabajo; el 28,6% tenían poco desgaste; el 27,1% se encontraban en trabajo pasivo; y el 8,6% en trabajo activo. En el modelo de regresión lineal, los factores asociados a la dimensión demanda de la JSS fueron: tener hijo (coeficiente -1,49; IC 95% -2,75 a -0,23) y baja laboral en los últimos 12 meses (coeficiente 1,88; IC 95% 0,60 a 3,15). Los psicólogos con hipertensión arterial sistémica autoinformada presentaron un promedio de 3,96 puntos más bajo en la puntuación de apoyo social (IC 95% -7,06 a -0,85) en comparación con los no hipertensos, y entre los psicólogos que trabajaban en el turno de la mañana, se identificó un aumento promedio de 4,46 puntos en la puntuación de apoyo social (IC 95% 0,90 a 8,02) con relación a los profesionales que laboran en el turno de mañana y tarde. Quedó evidente que un número significativo de psicólogos se encontraba en situación de alto estrés en el trabajo, con posibles implicaciones para su salud y desempeño profesional.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Occupational Health , Occupational Stress , Organization and Administration , Organizational Innovation , Anxiety , Pathologic Processes , Personnel Loyalty , Poverty , Professional Practice , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Aspirations, Psychological , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Signs and Symptoms , Social Conditions , Psychological Distance , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Task Performance and Analysis , Therapeutics , Unemployment , Viruses , Vocational Guidance , Women, Working , Work Schedule Tolerance , Behavioral Symptoms , Population Characteristics , Work Hours , National Health Strategies , Health Services Administration , Occupational Risks , Burnout, Professional , Activities of Daily Living , Power, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Mobility , Organizational Culture , Family , Indicators of Quality of Life , Mental Health , Liability, Legal , Staff Development , Health Strategies , Workload , Mental Competency , Employment, Supported , Health Personnel , Workplace , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Time Management , Efficiency, Organizational , Coronavirus , Conflict, Psychological , Life , Self Efficacy , Counseling , Health Management , Credentialing , Psychosocial Impact , Personal Autonomy , Delivery of Health Care , Friends , Depersonalization , Depression , Air Pollutants , Education , Educational Status , Efficiency , Empathy , Employee Grievances , Employee Incentive Plans , Employee Performance Appraisal , Employment , Environment and Public Health , Workforce , Disease Prevention , Health Status Disparities , Job Market , Ethics, Institutional , Mental Fatigue , Resilience, Psychological , Emotional Intelligence , Capacity Building , Remuneration , Hope , Karoshi Death , Compassion Fatigue , Emotional Adjustment , Self-Control , Work Performance , Alert Fatigue, Health Personnel , Work-Life Balance , Work Engagement , Economic Status , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Caregiver Burden , Physical Distancing , Financial Stress , Induced Demand , Psychotherapists , Statistical Data , Social Vulnerability , Working Conditions , Overtraining Syndrome , Workforce Diversity , Psychological Growth , Coping Skills , Job Security , Emotional Exhaustion , Time Pressure , Guilt , Health Occupations , Health Promotion , Health Resources , Health Services Accessibility , Health Services Research , Ergonomics , Interpersonal Relations , Interprofessional Relations , Job Satisfaction , Labor Unions , Leadership , Motivation , Occupational Groups , Negativism , Occupational Diseases , Occupational Health Services , OccupationsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Identificar os motivos pelos quais levaram os estudantes a escolherem a formação universitário em Enfermagem. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório- descritivo, sob abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 276 acadêmicos de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Noroeste do estado do Ceará, Brasil. As informações foram coletadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico, aplicado por meio da plataforma Google Forms®. Essas por sua vez, foram analisadas a partir de análise de conteúdo proposto por Minayo, com o suporte do software N VIVO 11®. Resultados: As palavras mais referidas pelos estudantes ao serem questionados acerca dos motivos na escolha do curso de Enfermagem, foram: "Área", "Saúde", "Curso" e "Profissão", as quais suscitam que em algumas situações a escolha do curso aconteceu pela área da Saúde e não pelo curso em específico. Entretanto, outras palavras com maior quantitativo de repetição foram identificadas: "Sempre", "Gosto" e "Enfermagem", que por sua vez, demonstram a identificação com o curso de Enfermagem em específico e com o fazer da profissão. A partir de então, foram definidas seis categorias de análise, a saber "Identificar-se com a profissão", "Determinação Social e Mercado de Trabalho", "Enfermagem como segunda ou única opção", "Influências externas", "Permanência na área da Saúde" e "Vocação e visão solidária-romântica". Considerações finais: A partir dos discursos dos participantes em estudo, evidenciou-se que os motivos pelos quais levaram esses a ingressarem no curso universitário em Enfermagem estão associados ao imaginário da vocação, da concepção da Enfermagem enquanto profissão voltada para o cuidar/cuidado, bem como pelo o interesse de atuação na área da saúde.
Objective: To identify the reasons why students chose a university degree in Nursing. Methodology: Exploratory-descriptive study, under a qualitative approach, developed with 276 Nursing students from a public university in the Northwest of the state of Ceará, Brazil. Information was collected through an electronic questionnaire, applied through the Google Forms® platform. These, in turn, were analyzed based on the content analysis proposed by Minayo, with the support of the N VIVO 11® software. Results: The words most mentioned by students when asked about the reasons for choosing the Nursing course were: "Area", "Health", "Course" and "Profession", which suggest that in some situations the choice of course happened by the Health area and not by the specific course. However, other words with a higher number of repetitions were identified: "Always", "I like" and "Nursing", which, in turn, demonstrate identification with the Nursing course in particular and with the profession. From then on, six categories of analysis were defined, namely "Identifying with the profession", "Social Determination and the Labor Market", "Nursing as a second or only option", "External influences", "Permanence in the area of Health" and "Vocation and solidarity-romantic vision". Final considerations: From the speeches of the participants in the study, it was evident that the reasons why they entered the university course in Nursing are associated with the imaginary of the vocation, of the conception of Nursing as a profession focused on care/care, as well as as well as the interest in acting in the health area.
Objetivo: Identificar las razones por las cuales los estudiantes eligieron la carrera universitaria de Enfermería. Metodología: Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado con 276 estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública del Noroeste del estado de Ceará, Brasil. La información se recolectó a través de un cuestionario electrónico, aplicado a través de la plataforma Google Forms®. Estos, a su vez, fueron analizados con base en el análisis de contenido propuesto por Minayo, con el apoyo del software N VIVO 11®. Resultados: Las palabras más mencionadas por los estudiantes cuando se les preguntó acerca de los motivos de la elección de la carrera de Enfermería fueron: "Área", "Salud", "Curso" y "Profesión", lo que sugiere que en algunas situaciones la elección de la carrera pasó por la carrera de Enfermería. área y no por el curso específico. Sin embargo, fueron identificadas otras palabras con mayor número de repeticiones: "Siempre", "Me gusta" y "Enfermería", que, a su vez, demuestran identificación con la carrera de Enfermería en particular y con la profesión. A partir de ahí, se definieron seis categorías de análisis, a saber, "Identificación con la profesión", "Determinación social y mercado de trabajo", "Enfermería como segunda o única opción", "Influencias externas", "Permanencia en el área de la Salud". " y "Vocación y visión solidaria-romántica". Consideraciones finales: A partir de los discursos de los participantes en el estudio, se evidenció que las razones por las cuales ingresaron a la carrera universitaria en Enfermería están asociadas al imaginario de la vocación, de la concepción de la Enfermería como profesión enfocada en el cuidado, así como el interés por actuar en el área de la salud.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Career Choice , Nursing , Nurses , Students, Nursing , Catchment Area, Health/statistics & numerical data , Education, Nursing , Job Market , Health Occupations/educationABSTRACT
Introduction: Ultrasound is very useful in the management of rheumatological pathology today. Despite this, in Colombia, progress towards its implementation is limited and entails great difficulties. This deficit is also related to the difficulties in training new human talent. In Colombia, there is no study that identifies the current status of ultrasound among rheumatologists in the country. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study where medical specialists in Rheumatology practising in Colombia were surveyed through an online form. They were asked about general aspects and for their opinion regarding ultrasound in rheumatology and, if they practiced it, they were asked about specific aspects of its application in clinical practice. Additionally, questions were asked of the rheumatologists who are part of the specialist training processes in the country. Closed multiple-choice or Likert scale assessment questions were presented as required. The main objective was to describe the current use and opinion of musculoskeletal ultrasound in Colombian rheumatologists, as well as the limitations for its implementation. Frequency measurements were performed of the categorical variables of nominal type and ordinal type. The intention was to survey all rheumatologists in the country, who according to Colombian Society of Rheumatology data for the end of 2019 totalled 186. Results: Taking into account the number of rheumatologists of the Colombian Association of Rheumatology (Asoreuma) for 2019 totalling 186, a participation of 139 specialists (74.7%) was obtained, of which 22 of the respondents performed ultrasound in their daily practice (15.8%) the majority in this group being trained in Colombian territory (80.6%). Of the 139 respondents, 64.7% have received some type of training in ultrasound, generally pre-congress courses (22.5%), EULAR courses (16.7%) and training included in their residency curriculum outside the rheumatology service (9.8%). The acceptance of ultrasound is high among rheumatologists practicing in Colombia, 75.5% consider it important or very important and 84.9% indicated that for a comprehensive rheumatology service it is important or very important to have ultrasound. From the responses, however, they consider that its use could change their behaviour frequently, and very frequently in less than half of the cases at 46.7%. Regarding the opinion on the use of ultrasound in specific pathologies, rheumatoid arthritis (77.7%) and crystal arthropathies (72.7%) were considered the highest and most important, as well as in the performance of procedures at 87%. For decision-making in the inflammatory pathology study, 60.4% would consider performing ultrasound compared to 28.8% who responded MRI. Regarding the limitations for implementation, the lack of training in the country (25.6%), followed by the lack of resources to procure equipment (17.9%) and ignorance and lack of interest on the part of the health entities (17.1%) were the most recognized. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal ultrasound is only practiced by a minority of rheumatologists practicing in Colombia, even though the majority consider it important. Its importance lies in its use to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis, crystal arthropathies and psoriatic arthropathy, as well as for the performance of procedures. More than half of the rheumatologists have received some type of training in ultrasound, usually very few hours' education and without practical or informal training, this being the main problem for its implementation.
Introducción: En la actualidad, la ecografía es de gran utilidad en el manejo de la patología reumatológica. A pesar de esto, en Colombia, los avances para su implementación son escasos y han enfrentado grandes dificultades. Este déficit también se encuentra relacionado con las complicaciones para la formación del nuevo talento humano. En Colombia no se dispone de ningún estudio en el que se identifique el estado actual de la ecografía entre los reumatólogos del país. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de carácter transversal en el cual se encuestó, por medio de un formulario on-line, a médicos especialistas en reumatología que hacen su práctica en el territorio colombiano. Se les preguntó acerca de los aspectos generales y su opinión sobre la ecografía en la reumatología, si la practicaban, como también en torno a los aspectos específicos de su aplicación en la práctica clínica. De manera adicional, se formularon preguntas dirigidas a aquellos reumatólogos que hacen parte de los procesos de capacitación de especialistas en el país; se presentaron preguntas cerradas de opción múltiple o de valoración por escala de Likert según se requirió. El objetivo principal fue describir el uso y la opinión actual sobre la ecografía musculoesquelética en reumatólogos colombianos, así como las limitantes para su implementación. A las variables categóricas de tipo nominal y de tipo ordinal se les hicieron medidas de frecuencia. Se pretendía encuestar a la totalidad de los reumatólogos en el país, los cuales, según información de la Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología (Asoreuma) de finales del 2019, eran 186. Resultados: De acuerdo con el número de reumatólogos proporcionado por la Asoreuma, de 186 especialistas en el año 2019, se obtuvo una participación de 139 de estos (74,7%), de los cuales 22 realizaban ecografía en su práctica diaria (15,8%), siendo este grupo en su mayoría formado en Colombia (80,6%). De los 139 encuestados, el 64,7% había recibido algún tipo de estudios en ecografía, generalmente cursos precongreso (22,5%), cursos de la Liga Europea Contra el Reumatismo (EULAR) (16,7%) y formación incluida en el pensum de su residencia fuera del servicio de reumatología (9,8%). La aceptación de la ecografía es alta entre los reumatólogos que ejercen en Colombia, el 75,5% la consideraron importante o muy importante. Asimismo, el 84,9% indicó que para un servicio de reumatología integral es importante o muy importante contar con ecografía. Sin embargo, los encuestados consideraron que su uso podría llegar a cambiar su conducta de manera frecuente, y muy frecuentemente en menos de la mitad de los casos (46,7%). Con respecto a la opinión sobre el uso de la ecografía en patologías específicas, se consideró con importancia y mucha importancia en artritis reumatoide (77,7%) y artropatías por cristales (72,7%), que fueron las más altas, así como para la realizaron de procedimientos (87%). Para la toma de decisiones en estudio de patología inflamatoria, el 60,4% consideraría realizar ecografía, comparado con 28,8% que se inclina por la resonancia. En relación con las limitaciones para la implementación, la falta de entrenamiento en el país (25,6%), seguida de la carencia de recursos para la consecución del equipo (17,9%) y el desconocimiento y la falta de interés por parte de los entes de salud (17,1%) fueron las más reconocidas. Conclusiones: La ecografía musculoesquelética solamente es practicada por una minoría de los reumatólogos que ejercen en Colombia, a pesar de que la mayoría la considera importante. Su relevancia radica en su uso para tratar a los pacientes con artritis reumatoide, artropatías por cristales y por artropatía psoriásica, así como para la realización de procedimientos. Más de la mitad de los reumatólogos ha recibido algún tipo de formación en ecografía, la mayoría de las veces educación de muy pocas horas o sin entrenamiento práctico, o no formal, lo cual constituye el principal problema para su implementación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rheumatology , Ultrasonography , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Diagnosis , Health Occupations , MedicineABSTRACT
Este artigo refere-se à parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado, realizada em hospital de alta complexidade do Sistema Único de Saúde, cujos participantes são os profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o potencial da abordagem das narrativas como método de pesquisa e intervenção nos serviços de saúde, traçando aproximações com a teoria psicanalítica. Sua relevância no campo da Saúde Pública está calcada no reconhecimento do papel do sujeito como agente de mudanças. O texto divide-se em duas partes: na primeira, explora as especificidades do trabalho na área da saúde, o paradigma da saúde pública no que concerne à gestão e possíveis contribuições da clínica ampliada para esse modelo. Na segunda parte, analisa o uso das narrativas como método de pesquisa nesse campo e as aproximações conceituais entre a narrativa em Walter Benjamin e a psicanálise em Freud. Busca na literatura referências sobre experiências análogas que fundamentem a proposta ora realizada e conclui pela importância de, no momento atual, apostar na força germinativa das narrativas como fonte criativa de novas formas de cuidar.(AU)
This article derives from a PhD research conducted with health professionals at a high-complexity public hospital from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It analyzes the potential of the narrative as a research and intervention method in health services, outlining approximations with psychoanalysis. In the field of Public Health, the narrative approach acknowledges the individual as an agent of change. The text is divided into two parts. The first presents an overview of the peculiarities involved in healthcare, the Public Health paradigm regarding service management and possible contributions from the expanded clinic to this model. The second analyzes the use of narratives as a research method in this field and the conceptual approximations between Benjamin's narrative and Freud's psychoanalysis. It searches the literature for references on similar experiences to support the present proposal and concludes by highlighting the importance of betting on the creative power of narratives as a source for new ways to care.(AU)
Este artículo es parte de una investigación doctoral, realizada con los profesionales de la salud de un hospital de alta complejidad del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil. Su propósito es analizar el potencial del enfoque en narrativas como método de investigación e intervención en los servicios de salud, esbozando aproximaciones entre las narrativas y la teoría del psicoanálisis. Su relevancia en el campo de la salud pública se basa en el reconocimiento del rol del sujeto como agente de cambio. El texto se divide en dos partes: La primera investiga las especificidades del trabajo en el área de la salud, el paradigma de la salud pública en la gestión de los servicios y las posibles contribuciones de la clínica ampliada a este modelo. En la segunda parte, analiza el uso de narrativas como método de investigación en este campo y las aproximaciones conceptuales entre la narrativa de Walter Benjamin y el psicoanálisis de Freud. Este estudio busca en la literatura referencias sobre experiencias similares que apoyen la propuesta ahora realizada y concluye con la importancia de, en el momento actual, apostar por el poder de las narrativas como fuente creadora de nuevas formas de cuidar.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychoanalysis , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Narration , Qualitative Research , Education, Public Health Professional , Policy , Anxiety , Pain , Parapsychology , Personality , Politics , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychology , Psychopathology , Psychotherapy , Public Health Administration , Quality of Health Care , Regional Health Planning , Social Change , Social Conditions , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Superego , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Unconscious, Psychology , Behavior , Behavioral Symptoms , Technical Cooperation , Burnout, Professional , Activities of Daily Living , Mental Health , Disease , Psychological Techniques , Health Strategies , Efficiency, Organizational , Life , Health Equity , Organizational Modernization , Biomedical Technology , Disaster Vulnerability , Culture , Capitalism , Value of Life , Death , Depression , Economics , Ego , Health Sciences, Technology, and Innovation Management , Scientific and Technical Activities , Essential Public Health Functions , Humanization of Assistance , Ethics, Institutional , Information Technology , Narrative Therapy , Social Determinants of Health , Integrality in Health , Ambulatory Care , Psychological Trauma , Emotion-Focused Therapy , Occupational Stress , Fascism , Burnout, Psychological , Interpersonal Psychotherapy , Psychological Distress , Sociodemographic Factors , Social Vulnerability , Health Occupations , Health Services Accessibility , History , Human Rights , Id , Mental Health Services , MoralsABSTRACT
O presente texto tem o objetivo de explanar ações desempenhadas por psicólogas(os) trabalhadoras(es) dos Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social (Creas), em situações de violência intrafamiliar, identificadas a partir do estude empírico realizado por mim, psicóloga pesquisadora, também trabalhadora de um Creas. Participaram da pesquisa doze psicólogas(os), trabalhadoras(es) destes centros, em sete municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, onde foram realizadas, presencialmente, as entrevistas. A análise dos dados apontou para uma compreensão metodológica a partir de três dimensões já apontadas na bibliografia, sendo elas: a) Acolhida Inicial, que demonstra que esses profissionais geralmente iniciam suas práticas com uma família ou indivíduo indo ao encontro destes, buscando a vinculação dos mesmos com o serviço; b) Acompanhamento Especializado, onde essas(es) trabalhadoras(es) desenvolvem suas práticas com diversidade e criatividade, a partir de visitas domiciliares, trabalhos com grupos, indivíduos ou famílias, geralmente em conjunto com outros profissionais, principalmente assistentes sociais; c) Articulação com a Rede, onde se identificou um importante movimento para o trabalho em conjunto com outros serviços disponíveis no território. Por fim, as considerações finais indicam que ainda há um caminho a ser trilhado com relação à definição das práticas dos psicólogos no Creas. Porém, há muito que se falar a respeito de práticas que já estão ocorrendo. Assim, tornam-se relevantes as pesquisas acadêmicas nesse contexto, pois ao inserir os profissionais psicólogos trabalhadores da política, eles podem promover uma articulação entre a produção do fazer cotidiano e a reflexão teórica e acadêmica sustentada pelas pesquisas.(AU)
This study aims to explore the activities developed by psychologists from the Centros de Referência de Atenção Especializada (CREAS - Brazilian Specialized Social Assistance Reference Centers), regarding situations of intrafamily violence identified by me, the author, a research psychologist and, CREAS worker. Participants include 12 psychologists who work on such centers from 7 cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the interviews were conducted in person. The data analysis pointed toward a methodological comprehension based on 3 dimensions that have already been mentioned in the literature: the Initial Approach, which shows that these workers usually initiate their practices with a family or an individual by going after them, seeking bond development with the service. The Specialized Follow-up, in which these workers develop their practices with diversity and creativity, through home visits and activities with group, family or individual, often with other workers, such as social assistance workers. And the Network Articulation, in which a significant movement toward working with the public services available on each territory is identified. Finally, there is still a path to be taken regarding the definition of psychological practices on CREAS, however, there is much to be noticed of what has already been occurring. Thus, academic research on such context is relevant since the inclusion of psychologists who work in this policy may promote an articulation between daily activity and the theoretical and academic reflection, supported by the research.(AU)
Este texto tuvo por objetivo explicar las acciones desarrolladas por psicólogas/os trabajadoras/es en los "Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social" (CREAS) (Centros de Referencia Especializados en Asistencia Social), respecto a las situaciones de violencia intrafamiliar, identificadas por un estudio empírico hecho por una psicóloga-investigadora que actúa en un CREAS. Participaron 12 psicólogas/os que trabajan en estos centros, en siete ciudades del interior de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), donde se llevó a cabo las entrevistas en persona. El análisis de datos apuntó a una comprensión metodológica de tres dimensiones ya destacadas en la bibliografía: la Acogida Inicial, que enseña que estos profesionales generalmente empiezan sus prácticas con una familia o individuo buscando el encuentro para la promoción de la vinculación con el servicio; El Seguimiento Especializado, en el que desarrollan sus prácticas con diversidad y creatividad desde visitas domiciliarias, trabajos con grupos, individuos o familias, generalmente junto a otros profesionales, sobre todo con trabajadores sociales; y Articulación con la Red de Servicios, en la cual se identificó un importante movimiento para el trabajo con otros servicios disponibles en el territorio. Por fin, se observa que todavía hay un camino por recorrer en relación a la definición de las prácticas de psicólogos en CREAS, aunque hay mucho que decir respecto a las prácticas que ya están ocurriendo. Así, se vuelven relevantes las investigaciones académicas en ese contexto por introducir a los profesionales psicólogos trabajadores de la política, las cuales pueden promover una articulación entre la producción del hacer cotidiano y la reflexión teórica y académica sustentada por las investigaciones.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology , Public Policy , Social Support , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Paternal Behavior , Patient Escort Service , Psychology, Social , Psychosocial Deprivation , Quality of Life , Sexual Behavior , Sex Offenses , Social Control, Formal , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Social Work , Socioeconomic Factors , Sublimation, Psychological , Bed Conversion , Behavioral Sciences , Acting Out , Diagnosis of Health Situation , Risk Factors , Intersectoral Collaboration , Civil Rights , Intergenerational Relations , Domestic Violence , Cultural Diversity , Life , Program , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Creativity , Analysis of Situation , Hazards , Health Risk , Psychosocial Impact , Personal Autonomy , Sociobiology , Codes of Ethics , Aggression , Human Rights Abuses , Projects , User Embracement , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Racism , Sexism , Patient Care Bundles , Human Trafficking , Dataset , Integrality in Health , Protective Factors , Psychiatric Rehabilitation , Psychosocial Support Systems , Recidivism , Social Oppression , Freedom , Family Separation , Listening Effort , Sociodemographic Factors , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Family Support , Health Occupations , Hierarchy, Social , Hospitals, Special , Human Rights , Malpractice , Mental Health Services , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), em seu 20º aniversário, vem discutir os possíveis efeitos, ainda efetivamente desconhecidos, da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 3481, instruída no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), a qual desestruturou o modo como os testes psicológicos eram comercializados no Brasil. A livre comercialização de testes psicológicos coloca em risco a segurança de avaliações psicológicas e cabe à categoria profissional pensar estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos. Neste artigo, são discutidos possíveis efeitos da ADI 3481 para a categoria profissional da psicologia, bem como para a sociedade em geral, e são também elencadas possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos, sem desconsiderar aspectos éticos relacionados a eles. Dessa forma, busca-se neste manuscrito, além da problematização dos efeitos derivados da ADI 3481, pensar soluções ou alternativas que venham a redirecionar a trajetória da área da avaliação psicológica no Brasil. Com isso, abre-se um espaço de discussão e encaminhamentos que a categoria profissional precisará tomar nos próximos anos.(AU)
The Advisory Commission for Psychological Assessment of the Federal Council of Psychology discusses, on its 20th anniversary, the possible and still effectively unknown effects of the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (DAU) 3481, following the Supreme Federal Court, which interrupted how psychological tests were marketed in Brazil. The free trade of psychological tests puts the safety of psychological assessments at risk, and this professional category must think of strategies to face these risks. This study discusses the possible effects of DAU 3481 for professional psychology and for society in general, listing possible strategies for coping with these risks without disregarding its ethical aspects. Thus, this study seeks to problematize the effects derived from DAU 3481 and think of solutions or alternatives that may redirect the trajectory of the field of psychological assessment in Brazil, thus opening a space for discussion and referrals professional psychology will require in the coming years.(AU)
La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCEP) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), en su 20.º aniversario, propone discutir los posibles efectos aún efectivamente desconocidos de la Acción Directa de Inconstitucionalidad (ADI) 3481, determinada por el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), por la cual trastornó la forma de comercializar las pruebas psicológicas en Brasil. La comercialización sin restricciones de las pruebas psicológicas pone en riesgo la seguridad de las evaluaciones psicológicas, y le corresponde a la categoría profesional pensar estrategias para enfrentar estos riesgos. En este artículo se discuten los posibles efectos de la ADI 3481 para la categoría profesional de la Psicología, así como para la sociedad en general, pero también se enumeran posibles estrategias para el enfrentamiento de estos riesgos, sin descuidar los aspectos éticos relacionados con ellos. Así, este manuscrito busca, además de problematizar los efectos derivados de la ADI 3481, pensar en soluciones o alternativas que puedan reconducir la trayectoria del campo de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil. Esto abre un espacio de discusión y derivaciones que la categoría profesional deberá tomar en los próximos años.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Social Justice , Aptitude Tests , Politics , Poverty , Problem Solving , Professional Practice , Quality of Health Care , Safety , Social Control, Formal , Social Sciences , Societies , Specialty Boards , Systems Analysis , Teaching , Therapeutics , Choice Behavior , Mental Health , Control Groups , Reproducibility of Results , Health Status Indicators , Databases, Bibliographic , Decision Support Techniques , Investigative Techniques , Health Strategies , Civil Rights , Negotiating , Mental Competency , Clinical Competence , Disabled Persons , Total Quality Management , Collective Bargaining , Commerce , Communication , Confidentiality , Impacts of Polution on Health , Knowledge , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Handbook , Credentialing , Health Risk , Access to Information , Decision Making , Uncertainty , Government Regulation , Law Enforcement , Diagnosis , Employee Discipline , Equipment and Supplies , Disease Prevention , Ethics , Ethics, Professional , Professional Training , Data Accuracy , Ecological Momentary Assessment , Mentoring , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Freedom , Health Occupations , Health Services Accessibility , Jurisprudence , Licensure , MethodsABSTRACT
Este ensaio propõe que a Covid-19 pode operar como um analisador, dentro da perspectiva da análise institucional, iluminando um determinado modo de organização social que promove profundas desigualdades e ameaça a vida em diversos níveis e revelando as condições sociais, institucionais e políticas de produção de sofrimento no corpo profissional de Enfermagem. A pandemia desvelou um conjunto de marcas relacionadas à profissão, agravadas pela crise sanitária, reforçando a naturalização das relações de cuidado atribuídas ao feminino, bem como um conjunto de clivagens e hierarquias internas à profissão a partir da sinergia de marcadores da diferença, como gênero, cor/raça, classe e geração. Além disso, este trabalho mostra a presença de uma necropolítica nas respostas à pandemia que banaliza a vida e permite morrer determinados grupos sociais. A ideia de "profissionais de linha de frente" é criticada em suas metáforas bélicas, mas tomada como figura de linguagem em sua potência para afirmar que existem corpos que, pelas marcas sociais e históricas e pela interdependência do cuidado, são mais presentes e exigidos e, portanto, mais vulneráveis à doença e ao sofrimento dela decorrente.(AU)
The essay proposes that Covid-19 can operate as an analyzer, within the perspective of institutional analysis, illuminating a certain mode of social organization that promotes profound inequalities and threatens life at various levels, revealing the social, institutional and political conditions for the production of suffering in the professional nursing body. The pandemic would unveil a set of marks related to the profession, aggravated by the sanitary crisis, reinforcing the naturalization of the care relations attributed to the feminine, as well as a set of cleavages and internal hierarchies to the profession from the synergy of markers of difference as gender, color/race, class and generation. The work shows the presence of necropolitics in responses to the pandemic, which trivializes life and allows certain social groups to die. The idea of "front-line professionals" is criticized in its war metaphors, but taken as a figure of speech in its potency to affirm that there are bodies that by social and historical marks, and by the interdependence of care, are more present and demanded, and therefore more vulnerable to disease and the resulting suffering.(AU)
El ensayo propone que el Covid-19 puede funcionar como analizador, desde la perspectiva del análisis institucional, revelando las condiciones sociales, institucionales y políticas de producción de sufrimiento de enfermeras. La pandemia revela algunas marcas relacionadas con la profesión, agravadas por la crisis de salud, reforzando la naturalización de la atribución del cuidado a lo femenino y un conjunto de jerarquías internas de la profesión. El trabajo también muestra la presencia de una necropolítica en las respuestas a la pandemia. La idea de "profesionales de primera línea" es criticada, pero tomada como una figura del lenguaje en su potencia para afirmar que hay cuerpos que, por las marcas sociales e históricas y por la interdependencia del cuidado, están más presentes y demandados, y por lo tanto más vulnerables a la enfermedad.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Nursing , Psychological Distress , Gender Identity , Self-Testing , COVID-19 , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Pain , Patient Care Team , Patient Discharge , Patients , Politics , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Quality of Life , Race Relations , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Social Change , Social Isolation , Social Sciences , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Women, Working , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Population Characteristics , Nursing Theory , Occupational Risks , Burnout, Professional , Virus Diseases , Vaccines , Nursing Research , Accidents, Occupational , Carrier State , Mental Health , Mortality , Models, Nursing , Occupational Health , Workload , Professional Autonomy , Long-Term Care , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Immunization Programs , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Continuity of Patient Care , Feminism , Critical Care , Disaster Vulnerability , Health Risk , Access to Information , Delivery of Health Care , Air Pollution , Health Care Economics and Organizations , Emergencies , Employment , Environment and Public Health , Essential Public Health Functions , Health Status Disparities , Ethics, Professional , Surveillance of the Workers Health , Program of Risk Prevention on Working Environment , Air Contamination Effects , Evidence-Based Nursing , Fear , Remuneration , Early Medical Intervention , Medicalization , Ambulatory Care , Personal Protective Equipment , Psychosocial Support Systems , Occupational Stress , Burnout, Psychological , Patient Care , Caregiver Burden , Models, Biopsychosocial , COVID-19 Serological Testing , Gender Equity , Vaccine Development , Community Resources , Intersectional Framework , Systemic Racism , Social Vulnerability , Humanitarian Crisis , Working Conditions , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome , Accident Prevention , Health Occupations , Health Services , Health Services Accessibility , Helping Behavior , Hierarchy, Social , Hospitalization , Hospitals , Humanism , Life Support Care , Masks , Muscle Tonus , Night Care , Nursing Care , Nursing, Practical , Nursing, Team , Occupational DiseasesABSTRACT
O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar e compreender fenomenologicamente, por meio de relato de Psicólogos de Esporte (PE) e de Coaches, em sua vivência prática, como ocorrem os processos reflexivos em sua atuação, conforme apreendidos a partir de relatos de experiências. O método de investigação escolhido foi a fenomenologia, pois oferece os recursos necessários para tal mergulho junto à experiência reflexiva. A amostra intencional foi delineada por PE e Coaches (profissionais de Educação Física que recorrem ao Coaching) em atividade em esportes de alto rendimento, que tenham atuado ou estejam atuando em modalidades esportivas coletivas e/ou individuais. Realizaram-se nove entrevistas (cinco com PE, quatro com Coaches). O acesso ao objeto desse estudo se deu por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e semiestruturadas, orientadas pela escuta suspensiva. As questões disparadoras foram formuladas com base no Procedimento Estruturado de Reflexão adaptado. Para análise das entrevistas, realizou-se uma síntese de cada relato, seguindo-se de cruzamento intencional. Como resultados, percebeu-se que PE e Coaches trazem algumas similaridades no que se refere aos modos de refletir sobre sua prática. No entanto, as experiências que eles fazem desses processos reflexivos é que podem tomar rumos distintos. Os(as) PE amparam-se na regulamentação da profissão e resguardam-se em seus apontamentos, trazendo suas experiências e reflexões sobre os processos vividos. Os(as) Coaches trazem em suas explanações um trabalho coerente, organizado e compatível com o método do Coaching. Problematizar os processos reflexivos desses profissionais permite diferenciar qualitativa e eticamente suas atuações, possibilitando o fomento multiprofissional no esporte.(AU)
The aim of this study consists in phenomenologically identifying and understanding, by the report of Sport Psychologists (SP) and coaches, in their practical experience, how would be the reflexive processes that take place in their performance, as learned from reports of their experiences. The research method chosen was phenomenology, since it offers the necessary resources for such a dive along with the reflective experience. The intentional sample was outlined by SP and coaches (Physical Education professionals who use coaching) active in high performance sports, who have or are working in collective and/or individual sports. Nine interviews were conducted (five with SP, four with coaches). Access to the object of this study took place by in-depth and semi-structured interviews, guided by suspensive listening. The triggering questions were formulated based on the adapted Structured Reflection Procedure. For the analysis of the interviews, a synthesis of each report was carried out, followed by the intentional crossing. As results, it was noticed that SP and coaches bring some similarities regarding the ways of reflecting on their practice. However, their experiences of these reflective processes are that they can take different directions. The SP are based on the regulation of the profession and guard themselves in their notes, bringing their experiences and reflections on the processes experienced. Coaches bring in their explanations a coherent, organized, and compatible work with the coaching method. Problematizing the reflective processes of these professionals allows to differentiate their actuation qualitatively and ethically, making the multiprofessional phenomenon in sport possible.(AU)
El objetivo de este estudio consiste en identificar y comprender fenomenológicamente, a partir de la experiencia práctica de psicólogos del deporte (PD) y coaches, cómo serían los procesos reflexivos que se llevan a cabo en su rendimiento, tal y como se desprende de los informes de experiencias. El método de investigación elegido fue la fenomenología, ya que ofrece los recursos necesarios junto con la experiencia. La muestra intencional fue delineada por PD y coaches (profesionales de la educación física que utilizan el coaching) activos en deportes de alto rendimiento, que tienen o están trabajando en deportes colectivos e/o individuales. Se realizaron nueve entrevistas (cinco con PD, cuatro con coaches). El acceso al objeto de este estudio fue entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas, guiadas por escuchas suspensivas. Las preguntas se formularon desde el procedimiento de reflexión estructurado adaptado. Para el análisis de las entrevistas, se hizo una síntesis de cada informe, seguida del cruce intencional. Como resultados, se notó que los PD y coaches tienen algunas similitudes con respecto a las formas de reflexionar sobre su práctica. Sin embargo, las experiencias que hacen de estos procesos pueden tomar diferentes direcciones. Los(las) PD se basan en la regulación de la profesión y se protegen en sus notas, aportando sus experiencias y reflexiones sobre los procesos vividos. Los(las) coaches plantean en sus explicaciones un trabajo coherente, organizado y compatible con el método de Coaching. Problematizar los procesos reflexivos de estos profesionales permite diferenciar sus acciones de manera cualitativa y ética, además de posibilitar la promoción multiprofesional en el deporte.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Psychology, Sports , Mentoring , Anxiety , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Personal Satisfaction , Aptitude , Physical Education and Training , Physical Endurance , Natural Science Disciplines , Play and Playthings , Professional Competence , Psychology , Psychomotor Performance , Quality of Health Care , Quality of Life , Recreation , Rehabilitation , Running , Attention , Science , Sleep , Soccer , Social Control, Formal , Social Identification , Social Justice , Sports Medicine , Stress, Psychological , Swimming , Teaching , Therapeutics , Track and Field , Vocational Guidance , Wounds and Injuries , Yoga , Behavioral Sciences , Breathing Exercises , Health , Mental Health , Physical Fitness , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Occupational Health , Walking , Professional Autonomy , Guidelines as Topic , Interview , Congresses as Topic , Meditation , Life , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Wit and Humor , Fitness Centers , Practice Management , Complex Regional Pain Syndromes , Credentialing , Crisis Intervention , Mind-Body Therapies , Exercise Movement Techniques , Biomedical Enhancement , Depression , Diet , Dietetics , Education, Nonprofessional , Employee Performance Appraisal , Employment , Ethics, Professional , Sanitary Supervision , Professional Training , Athletic Performance , Resistance Training , Resilience, Psychological , Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena , Feeding Behavior , Athletes , Capacity Building , Sports Nutritional Sciences , Return to Sport , Work Performance , Professionalism , Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Academic Success , Water Sports , Work Engagement , Cognitive Psychology , Science and Development , Cognitive Training , Psychological Well-Being , Working Conditions , Gymnastics , Health Occupations , Health Promotion , Anatomy , Job Description , Jurisprudence , Leadership , Learning , Life Style , Memory , Methods , Motivation , Motor Activity , Motor Skills , Movement , Muscle Relaxation , Muscles , ObesityABSTRACT
Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)
Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)
Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Psychosocial Intervention , Heart Defects, Congenital , Anxiety , Orientation , Pain , Parent-Child Relations , Parents , Paternity , Patient Care Team , Patients , Pediatrics , Placenta , Placentation , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy Maintenance , Prognosis , Psychoanalytic Theory , Psychology , Puerperal Disorders , Quality of Life , Radiation , Religion , Reproduction , Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena , General Surgery , Syndrome , Congenital Abnormalities , Temperance , Therapeutics , Urogenital System , Bioethics , Physicians' Offices , Infant, Premature , Labor, Obstetric , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Animal , Pregnancy Outcome , Adaptation, Psychological , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Echocardiography , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Family , Abortion, Spontaneous , Child Rearing , Child Welfare , Mental Health , Family Health , Survival Rate , Life Expectancy , Cause of Death , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Chromosome Mapping , Parental Leave , Mental Competency , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive , Down Syndrome , Perinatal Care , Comprehensive Health Care , Chemical Compounds , Depression, Postpartum , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Disabled Children , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Gravidity , Crisis Intervention , Affect , Cytogenetic Analysis , Spirituality , Complicity , Value of Life , Humanizing Delivery , Death , Decision Making , Defense Mechanisms , Abortion, Threatened , Delivery of Health Care , Dementia , Uncertainty , Organogenesis , Qualitative Research , Pregnant Women , Early Diagnosis , Premature Birth , Nuchal Translucency Measurement , Child Mortality , Depression , Depressive Disorder , Postpartum Period , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological , Ethanol , Ego , Emotions , Empathy , Environment , Humanization of Assistance , User Embracement , Ethics, Professional , Cell Nucleus Shape , Prenatal Nutrition , Cervical Length Measurement , Family Conflict , Family Therapy , Resilience, Psychological , Reproductive Physiological Phenomena , Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications , Gestational Sac , Brief, Resolved, Unexplained Event , Fetal Death , Embryonic and Fetal Development , Multimodal Imaging , Mortality, Premature , Clinical Decision-Making , Pediatric Emergency Medicine , Child, Foster , Freedom , Burnout, Psychological , Birth Setting , Frustration , Sadness , Respect , Psychological Distress , Genetics , Psychological Well-Being , Obstetricians , Guilt , Happiness , Health Occupations , Hospitalization , Hospitals, Maternity , Hospitals, University , Human Development , Human Rights , Imagination , Infections , Infertility , Anencephaly , Jurisprudence , Obstetric Labor Complications , Licensure , Life Change Events , Life Support Care , Loneliness , Love , Medical Staff, Hospital , Intellectual Disability , Morals , Mothers , Narcissism , Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities , Neonatology , Nervous System Malformations , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
Resumo A regulação da prática de telemedicina no Brasil tem se mostrado tortuosa desde seu reconhecimento pela Resolução nº 1.643/2002, do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), havendo questionamentos quanto à competência deste para inserção da prática. Em 2018, o conselho editou nova resolução, mas que foi revogada em função da repercussão negativa. A pandemia de covid-19 pressionou os serviços de saúde de tal forma que o Poder Legislativo Federal foi impelido ao conflito e editou a Lei nº 13.989/2020, permitindo a prática de telemedicina durante o período da crise sanitária. O art. 6º da lei delegou ao CFM a competência para regulação da prática pós-pandemia, acirrando ainda mais as discussões. Este trabalho constitui um estudo de caso sobre a regulação da telemedicina no Brasil, buscando identificar os conflitos jurídicos impostos pela atuação do CFM em substituição ao Poder Legislativo. Utiliza o modelo político de implementação de políticas públicas de William Clune como base da análise, empregando o método da pesquisa documental qualitativa. Conclui-se que a implementação da telemedicina deve considerar as forças políticas em atuação, compreendendo o papel do CFM no processo normativo, para que se obtenha, no texto legal, uma política pública compatível com a realidade e apta a ser implementada.
Abstract The regulation of telemedicine in Brazil has been tortuous since its recognition by the Resolution No. 1,643/2002, of the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), with issues regarding its competence to insert this practice. In 2018, the council issued a new resolution but it was revoked due to negative repercussions. The covid-19 pandemic put pressure on health services in such a way that the National Congress was pushed into conflict and enacted the Federal Law No. 13,989/2020, which allowed the practice of telemedicine during the period of health crisis. The article 6 of the law delegated the competence to regulate the post-pandemic practice to the CFM, further intensifying the discussions. This work is a case study on the regulation of telemedicine in Brazil, seeking to identify the legal conflicts imposed by the action of CFM in substitution of the Legislative Power. It uses the political model of implementation of public policies by William Clune as the basis for the analysis, using the qualitative documentary research method. In conclusion, the implementation of telemedicine must consider the political forces involved, understanding the CFM's role in the normative process, to obtain, in the legal text, a public policy compatible with reality and capable of being implemented.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Professional Competence/standards , Social Control, Formal , Telemedicine/legislation & jurisprudence , COVID-19 , Health Occupations/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy , LegislativeABSTRACT
Teaching clinical skills is core content of the medical and allied health curricula of the Faculty of Health Sciences (FoHS) at the University of the Free State (UFS) in South Africa. A major pedagogical tool used for this purpose across the faculty is peer physical examination (PPE). Objective. To investigate the lived experience and perceptions of students and educators on the use of PPE in undergraduate health professions education at a multicultural and multiracial institution. Suggestions on guidelines for a PPE policy for the FoHS at the UFS were also obtained from the participants.Methods. This research was designed as a qualitative study that used focus group interviews involving 26 participants (19 students and 7 educators) to obtain verbal statements that described their experience and perceptions of the use of PPE in undergraduate health professions education. Results. Participants reported that PPE was useful to create a safe learning environment and to prepare students for the clinical aspects of their training. Enhancing students' empathy, competency and clinical confidence were among the advantages attributed to using PPE; it also encouraged peer-assisted learning. Some of the disadvantages ascribed to PPE were that it made it difficult to maintain classroom discipline, and that it could promote memorisation over understanding. Finally, participants suggested that a guideline for PPE policy should address matters of consent, confidentiality, participation and gender, cultural, religious and racial considerations.Conclusions. The findings of this study reveal that PPE is an acceptable and useful learning strategy for the majority of students and educators. Issues relating to consent, confidentiality and cultural, religious and racial considerations are some of the potential problems associated with the use of PPE at the UFS. We believe that the suggestions given by the participants of this study will inform the establishment of a PPE policy for the FoHS of the UFS
Subject(s)
Physical Examination , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Health Occupations , Students , Delivery of Health CareABSTRACT
Background. The clinical skills development of student nurses is one of many challenges facing nursing education owing to a lack of available clinical placements and learning opportunities. Simulation training as an optional teaching-learning method creates an environment where clinical skills are developed and students are prepared for the nursing profession. The successful implementation of high-fidelity simulation (HFS) strategies as part of the nursing curricula requires nurse educators to have knowledge and skills. At the South African private higher education institution (SAPHEI) where the research for this study was done, it became evident that nurse educators do not have the required knowledge, skills or support to implement HFS. The absence of evidence in the literature of a practice model for a SAPHEI to facilitate the implementation of HFS reveals a gap in the practice base of nursing education.Objective. To develop a practice model for nurse educators at a SAPHEI to facilitate the implementation of HFS.Methods. The researcher used a theory-generative research design. The study was conducted in two phases, with two steps in each phase, to address four objectives in all.Results. Phase 1 identified and described the main and related concepts. A resulting conceptual framework was used for the development of the practice model. Phase 2 addressed the relational meaning of the main and related concepts, as well as the construction of the practice model through theory synthesis.Conclusion. The main aim of this research study was to develop a practice model for nurse educators at a SAPHEI to facilitate the implementation of HFS as part of the clinical skills development of student nurses. The practice model offers a schematic outline that represents HFS as a teaching-learning method. The importance of the outline lies therein that it specifies the context and situations in which the model is useful
Subject(s)
Clinical Nursing Research , Education, Nursing , High Fidelity Simulation Training , Health Occupations , Nurse CliniciansABSTRACT
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but severe complication in adults infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the pathophysiology remains elusive, as the limited number of reports preclude a broader understanding of this syndrome. We conducted this systematic review to explore the clinical spectrum of MIS-A, in particular its rheumato-logical manifestations. Meta-analyses of case-series were also performed. We identified 28 patients from 14 case reports and two case series of MIS-A. This disease occurred equally in both genders, with a mean age of 33 + 10 years old, and predominantly in those of African descent (40%). Rheumatological manifestations consisted of Kawasaki Disease (KD)-like symptoms. Ninety percent of patients had positive COVID-19 serology tests, while 48% of patients were negative for COVID-19 RT-PCR test. Twelve patients were admitted to ICU and unfortunately two died. Although the signs and symptoms of MIS mimicked KD, the gastrointestinal findings were more prominent in the former group. The demographic make-up was also different, with MIS-A occurring mostly in those of African descent. Importantly, unlike their paediatric counterparts, the adult group did not have coronary artery abnormalities. Long-term monitoring is needed as safety data is scarce. Of note, although the prognosis of MIS-A is excellent, the life-threatening nature of this syndrome demands intensive care unit level of care and mechanical support. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a constellation of KD symptoms in an adult patient should alert the clinician to the possibility of MIS-A. © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología. Published by Elsevier Espafña, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
El espectro clínico del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en adultos (MIS-A) es una complicación rara, pero grave en adultos infectados por el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave de tipo 2. Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica en varias bases de datos, y también se hizo en metanálisis. Identificamos 28 pacientes de 14 informes de casos y 2 series de casos de MIS-A. Esta enfermedad se manifestó por igual en ambos sexos, con una edad media de 33 + 10 anos, y se presentó predominantemente en afrodescendientes (40%). Las manifestaciones reumatológicas consistieron en síntomas similares a la enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK). El 90% de los pacientes tuvo pruebas positivas de serología de la enfermedad por el coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19), mientras que el 48% dio negativo para la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa de la COVID-19. Doce pacientes ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y, lamentablemente, 2 fallecieron. Encontramos que, si bien los signos y los síntomas de MIS imitaban a EK, los hallazgos gastrointestinales eran más prominentes en el primer grupo. Además, la composición demográfica fue asimismo diferente, con MIS-A que se presentó principalmente en afrodescendientes. Es importante destacar que, a diferencia de sus homólogos pediátricos, el grupo de los adultos no experimentó anomalías en las arterias coronarias. Se necesita un seguimiento a largo plazo, ya que los datos de seguridad son escasos. Es de destacar que, aun cuando el pronóstico de MIS-A es excelente, la naturaleza potencialmente mortal de este síndrome exige el nivel de atención y el soporte mecánico de la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Durante la pandemia por la COVID-19, una constelación de síntomas de EK en un paciente adulto debe alertar al médico sobre la posibilidad de MIS-A.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Rheumatology , Health Occupations , MedicineABSTRACT
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, causing pain and stiffness in the joints. SARS-CoV-2 increases the clinical vulnerability of the population with RA and has led to the implementation and/or development of telemedicine. Objective: To describe changes in level of therapeutic adherence, quality of life and capacity for self-care agency, during the follow-up period of a group of patients linked to a non-face-to-face multidisciplinary consultation model during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methodology: Descriptive cohort study (July to October 2020). Description of the level of therapeutic adherence (Morisky Green Test), quality of life (EuroQOL-5-Dimensions-3-Level-version) and self-care capacity (ASA-R Scale) in the context of a telehealth model. A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed (Stata Software, Considered p-value <0.05). Results: Of 71 patients treated under the telehealth model, 85.9% were women, the age range was between 33 and 86 years with a median of 63. The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (35.2%). Quality of life did not change during follow-up nor did adherence to treatment, apart from in one item [the patients did not stop taking the medication when they were well (p = 0.029)]. In self-care capacity, there were significant improvements in five dimensions (p < 0.05), without significant differences in the global score. Conclusion: Patients with RA evaluated in the context of telehealth in a period of pandemic did not present significant changes in quality of life, adherence to treatment, or capacity for self-care, and remained close to baseline values when they attended a traditional face-to-face assessment.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por una inflamación crónica que produce dolor y rigidez articular. El SARS-CoV-2 aumenta la vulnerabilidad clínica en pacientes con AR, lo que ha conllevado la implementación o el desarrollo de la telesalud. OBJETIVO: Describir los cambios en el nivel de adherencia terapéutica, la calidad de vida y la capacidad de autocuidado durante el periodo de seguimiento, en un grupo de pacientes con AR vinculados con un modelo de consulta multidisciplinar no presencial, en el curso de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de cohorte descriptiva (julio a octubre del 2020). Descripción del nivel de adherencia terapéutica (TEST MORISKY GREEN), calidad de vida (EUROQOL-5-DIMENSIONS-3-LEVEL-VERSION) y capacidad de autocuidado (Escala ASA-R) en el contexto de un modelo de telesalud. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado (SOFTWARE Stata®, valor de p considerado <0,05). RESULTADOS: De 71 pacientes atendidos en modalidad de telesalud, el 85,9% fueron mujeres, la mediana de la edad fue de 63 (33-86) anos. La comorbilidad más prevalente fue la hipertensión (35,2%). La calidad de vida no tuvo cambios durante el seguimiento, al igual que la adherencia al tratamiento, excepto en uno de los ítems (los pacientes no dejaron de tomar la medicación cuando se encontraban bien; p = 0,029). En la capacidad de autocuidado hubo mejoras significativas en 5 dimensiones (p < 0,05), sin diferencias significativas en el puntaje global. CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con AR evaluados en el contexto de la telesalud, en un periodo de pandemia, no presentaron cambios significativos en la calidad de vida, la adherencia al tratamiento y la capacidad de autocuidado; se mantuvieron en niveles similares a los valores basales cuando asistían a valoración tradicional presencial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Telemedicine , Health Occupations , Joint Diseases , MedicineABSTRACT
Introduction: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and the sense of waking unrefreshed. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) and FMS have symptoms in common and the association of OSAS in these patients could confuse the diagnosis and worsen the severity and prognosis of FMS. The objective of this study was to establish the presence of OSAS in patients with FMS and sleep complaints in a sleep clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged 18 and above with FMS who were referred by rheumatology to a sleep clinic to confirm OSAS with polysomnography from 2015 to 2018. Descriptive statistics tools were applied. Results: Polysomnographic investigations were performed in 51 patients with FMS. OSAS was detected in 82% of patients. The mean age was 65 years. Of the patients studied, 82% were women and 78% of them had OSAS. All the male patients with FM had OSAS. Of the patients, 27.5% were normal weight and 45% were overweight. Of the patients, 23% had severe OSAS, 31% moderate and 45% mild. Conclusion: We found a high frequency of OSAS in this group of FMS patients. Since the 2 diseases share symptoms, it is interesting to delve deeper into the investigation of common pathophysiological mechanisms. The coexistence of the 2 pathologies poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that implies the need for further study at local level.
Introducción: La fibromialgia (FM) se caracteriza por dolor crónico, cansancio y sueno no reparador. El síndrome de apnea hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) tiene síntomas en común con la FM y su presencia puede confundir el diagnóstico y empeorar la gravedad y el pronóstico de la FM. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la presencia de SAHOS en pacientes con FM y alteraciones del sueño en una clínica de sueño. Métodos: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal, en pacientes mayores de 18 arios con FM remitidos por Reumatología a una clínica de sueño para confirmar SAHOS por medio de polisomnografía, entre el 2015 y el 2018. Se aplicaron herramientas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizó polisomnografía completa a 51 pacientes con FM y se confirmó SAHOS en el 82%. La edad media fue de 65 años. El 82% de los pacientes estudiados fueron mujeres y, de estas, el 78% tuvo SAHOS. Al 100% de los hombres con FM se les diagnosticó SAHOS. El 27,5% tuvo un peso normal y el 45% sobrepeso. El 23% de los pacientes tuvo SAHOS grave, el 31% moderado y el 45% leve. Conclusiones: Encontramos una alta frecuencia de SAHOS en este grupo de pacientes con FM. Las 2 enfermedades comparten síntomas, por lo que es interesante profundizar más en la investigación de mecanismos fisiopatológicos comunes. La coexistencia de las 2 patologías plantea retos diagnósticos y terapéuticos que vislumbran la necesidad de estudios más profundos a escala local.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Rheumatology , Fibromyalgia , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Health Occupations , Medicine , Muscular DiseasesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are the second leading cause of disability worldwide. There are difficulties in the early diagnosis and therapeutic approach to these pathologies, with a negative impact on their outcomes. Access to rheumatology is limited, with a low supply in the face of growing demand, which makes the general practitioner the first contact for care. Objectives: Describe the perception and confidence that general practitioners have regarding the training in rheumatology received at undergraduate level. Materials and methods: Observational cross-sectional study, with a Likert-type survey tool being used. The study included general practitioners graduated from the Colombian Medicine program between 2009 and 2019. The variables studied were those related to the curriculum, acquired knowledge or skills, and proficiency in content in rheumatol ogy compared to practice. Subjects who attended a specialist or who had an employment relationship with a specialist rheumatology centre were excluded. Results and Conclusions: A total of 102 physicians were surveyed, and 86 completed ques tionnaires were included in the final analysis. Of these, 83.4% were graduates of private universities. Over two-thirds (37%9) had a formal subject in rheumatology, 16% received training with specific strategies, 54% expressed security when performing the MS physical examination, and 47% were sure in the diagnostic approach, and prescription of disease-modifying drugs. In order to strengthen the training in rheumatology required by the undergraduate, a joint effort is required with the medical schools in defining the competen cies and skills of the primary care physician, together with the health needs and available educational strategies.
RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas (ME) son la segunda causa de discapa cidad mundial. Se presentan dificultades en el enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico temprano de estas enfermedades, lo cual tiene un impacto negativo en sus desenlaces. El acceso a Reumatología es limitado, con una baja oferta frente a la creciente demanda, lo que convierte al médico general en el primer contacto de atención. Objetivos: Describir la percepción y la confianza que tienen los médicos generales respecto a la formación en reumatología recibida en el pregrado. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal en el cual se indagó a médi cos generales, egresados de programas de medicina colombianos entre el 2009 y 2019, mediante un cuestionario con respuesta tipo Likert, sobre variables relacionadas con el planteamiento curricular, los conocimientos o habilidades adquiridas y la suficiencia en el contenido en reumatología con respecto a la práctica. Se excluyó a los sujetos que cur saran algún programa de especialización o que tuvieran relación laboral con un centro especializado de Reumatología. Resultados y conclusiones: Se encuestó a 102 médicos; 86 encuestas fueron incluidas en el análisis final. El 83,4% de ellos eran egresados de universidades privadas, el 37% contó con una asignatura formal de reumatología, el 16% recibió formación con estrategias específicas, el 54% manifestó seguridad al realizar el examen físico musculoesquelético, el 47% expresó sentirse seguro en el enfoque diagnóstico y la prescripción de medicamentos modificadores de la enfermedad. Es necesario fortalecer la formación en Reumatología en el pregrado; se requiere un trabajo conjunto con las facultades de medicina en la definición de competen cias del médico de Atención Primaria, alineado con las necesidades de salud y las estrategias educacionales disponibles.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rheumatology , Health Occupations , MedicineABSTRACT
Nas comemorações dos 60 anos da regulamentação da Psicologia no Brasil, este estudo ressalta o espaço e o debate que a Assistência Social ganhou na história da nossa ciência e profissão, com a análise sobre o panorama da profissão no Suas no período entre 2011 e 2019. O objetivo foi nos deter sobre os rebatimentos que a Assistência Social tem enfrentado e seus efeitos sobre a profissão, a partir dos acontecimentos que configuraram a difícil conjuntura política que assola o país, resultado do encerramento do Ciclo Democrático Popular com o golpe de 2016, a adoção de políticas de austeridade econômica impostas pelos governos subsequentes e o desmonte das políticas públicas. O método foi orientado por um estudo quantitativo com base nos microdados do Censo Suas no período indicado. Nos resultados, percebe-se a partir de 2016 uma desaceleração no curso de expansão dos equipamentos que compõem a Rede Suas e na formação das equipes de trabalho, incluindo profissionais da Psicologia. O perfil profissional de psicólogas(os) no Suas segue composto sobretudo por mulheres, com idade entre 30 e 39 anos, contando apenas com graduação. Ressalta-se o aprofundamento da precarização dos vínculos de trabalho, aspecto que recai com maior peso sobre as profissionais do sexo feminino se comparado aos do masculino que atuam no Suas. Conclui-se que a Assistência Social segue como importante área de absorção de psicólogas(os), sobretudo de início de carreira, porém há intensificação da precarização do trabalho, que recai com maior peso sobre as mulheres.(AU)
Amidst the 60th anniversary of the regulation of Psychology in Brazil, this study highlights the space and debate that Social Welfare has gained in the history of our science and profession, outlining a panorama of the profession in the SUAS between 2011 and 2019. This paper dwells on the repercussions that Social Welfare has faced and its effects on the profession, based on the difficult political conjuncture that plagues the country, resulting from the closure of the Popular Democratic Cycle with the 2016 coup, the adoption of economic austerity policies imposed by subsequent governments and the dismantling of public policies. This quantitative study uses microdata collected from the SUAS Census, in the indicated period. Results show a slowdown in the expansion of the SUAS Network's equipment and the training of work teams, including Psychology professionals, from 2016 onwards. The professional profile of SUAS psychologists is still made up mostly of women, aged between 30 and 39 years old, with only undergraduate degrees. These findings emphasize the enhanced job insecurity, an aspect that falls more heavily on female professionals when compared to men working in the SUAS. In conclusion, Social Welfare remains an important area for the absorption of psychologists, especially in the beginning of their careers, but with greater job insecurity, which weighs more heavily on female professionals.(AU)
En 60 años de la regulación de la Psicología en Brasil, señalamos la importancia de que la Asistencia Social ha ganado en la historia de nuestra ciencia y profesión, con un análisis del panorama de la profesión en el SUAS en el período entre 2011-2019. El objetivo fue centrarse en las repercusiones que ha enfrentado la Asistencia Social y sus efectos en la profesión, a partir de los acontecimientos que han configurado la difícil coyuntura política que ha azotado al país, después el golpe de Estado de 2016, con el desmantelamiento de las políticas públicas. Como método se aplicó un estudio cuantitativo basado en los microdatos del Censo SUAS, en el período indicado. Los resultados muestran que a partir de 2016 hubo una disminución en la ampliación de las instalaciones que conforman la Red SUAS y en la propia formación de los equipos de trabajo, incluidos los psicólogos. El perfil profesional de las/os psicólogas/os en el SUAS sigue siendo mayoritariamente de mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y los 39 años, y solo con titulación de grado. Se destaca la profundización de la precariedad de los vínculos laborales, aspecto que recae con mayor fuerza sobre las mujeres de la profesión si se compara con los hombres. Se concluye que la Asistencia Social sigue siendo un área importante para la absorción de las/os psicólogas/os, sobre todo al inicio de la carrera, pero con una mayor intensificación de la precariedad laboral sobre las mujeres.(AU)