Effectiveness of the peripherally inserted central catheter for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review protocol

OBJECTIVE: to assess the effectiveness and safety of the peripherally inserted central catheter for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHOD: this review will follow the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and the search steps will be presented through the flow diagram. The search strategy aims to locate both published and unpublished studies. No time or language restrictions will be applied. The review will consider experimental and observational studies that include adult and pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients using peripherally inserted central catheters will be compared with those using other central catheters.

Can NLR be a biomarker for mucositis and gvhd in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT?

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment for many diseases; however, it can induce complications such as Oral Mucositis (OM) and Graft-versus- Host Disease (GVHD). The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a peripheral biomarker of systemic inflammation and an independent prognostic factor for several inflammatory diseases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the association of NLR with OM and GVHD in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Methods: Patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT at the Bone Marrow Transplant Service of the Hospital de Clínicas Complex of the Federal University of Paraná were included in the study. Socio-demographic data and blood counts were collected from patients' medical records. The NLR was calculated and associated with OM and GVHD. Results: 45 patients were included in the study. Although NLR was higher in patients with OM and oral GVHD, no statistical difference was observed, and no relationship between OM and GVHD with NLR could be stated. Conclusion: Although both OM and GVHD are associated with an inflammatory response as well as the immune system, it was not associated with NLR. Further investigation considering other variables related to HSCT might find possible associations, as it could favor patient management and prevention

Perfil de liberación de biomarcadores miocárdicos en pacientes con enfermedades hemato-oncológicas que reciben trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos / Profile or myocardial biomarkers release in patients with hemato-oncological diseases who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / Perfil de liberação de biomarcadores miocárdicos em pacientes com doenças hemato-oncológicas que recebem transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares (CV) son la primera causa de muerte en quienes sobreviven al cáncer. Aunque el trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos (TPH) se asocia con grados variables de cardiotoxicidad, estas complicaciones han sido escasamente caracterizadas. Objetivo: analizar el perfil de liberación de biomarcadores miocárdicos como potenciales indicadores subclínicos de cardiotoxicidad en pacientes sometidos a TPH. Material y método: estudio descriptivo, analítico, prospectivo transversal y unicéntrico, reclutando pacientes derivados a la policlínica de cardio-oncología, con indicación de TPH en octubre de 2018-marzo de 2020. Se realizaron controles clínicos, ECG, bioquímicos (troponina I TnI y péptido natriurético del tipo BBNP) e imagenológicos según algoritmo de seguimiento. Las variables discretas se presentan como n (%) y las continuas mediante media ± DE o mediana RIQ. Los valores evolutivos de biomarcadores séricos se compararon mediante test de Friedman. La fracciónde eyección del VI (FEVI) basal se comparó con la de los 3 meses del TPH mediante test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: se incluyeron 19 pacientes, 37% mujeres, de 43,8 ± 15,7 años. No se detectaron modificaciones significativas de la FEVI en los controles evolutivos. En ningún caso se observó aumento de la TnI. Los valores de BNP aumentaron en 6 pacientes (32%), con diferencias significativas al mes postrasplante (basal: 13,6 1;6,1-30,9 vs. primer mes: 38,9 16,3-120,0 pg/ml, p = 0,036); con una mayor elevación en aquellos pacientes que recibieron antimetabolitos vs. otros fármacos (basal: 13,6 1;6,1-30,9 vs. al primer mes: 67,0 ;21,3-174,9 pg/ml, p = 0,039). El aumento de BNP no se asoció con el riesgo CV. Conclusión: la liberación de BNP posterior al TPH es un fenómeno frecuente (32% de los pacientes), alcanza un máximo al mes, independientemente de la FEVI. El subgrupo de pacientes que recibió antimetabolitos presentó una mayor liberación precoz de BNP.

Introduction: cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the leading cause of death in those who survive cancer. Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with diverse grades of cardiotoxicity, these complications have been poorly characterized. Objective: to analyze the release profile of myocardial biomarkers as a potential subclinical marker of cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing HSCT. Material and method: descriptive, analytical, prospective, cross-sectional, single-center study, recruiting patients referred to the cardio-oncology polyclinic, with indication for HSCT in October 2018-March 2020. Clinical, ECG, biochemical and imaging controls were performed according to the algorithm of follow-up. The evolutionary values of serum biomarkers were compared using the Friedman test. Baseline LVEF was compared with that of 3 months after HSCT using the Wilcoxon test. Results: 19 patients were included, 37% women, aged 43.8 ± 15.7 years. No changes in LVEF were detected. In no case was an increase in TnI observed. BNP values increased in 6 patients (32%), with significant differences one month after transplantation (baseline: 13.6 ;6.1-30.9 vs. first month: 38.9 ;16.3-120.0, p = 0.036), detecting a greater elevation in those patients who received antimetabolites vs. other rugs (baseline: 13.6 ;6.1-30.9 vs. at the first month: 67.0 21.3-174.0, p = 0.039). The increase in BNP was not associated with CV risk. Conclusion: BNP release after HSCT is frequent (32% of our patients), reaching a maximum at one month, regardless of LVEF. The subgroup of patients who received antimetabolites had a greater early release of BNP.

Introdução: as doenças cardiovasculares (CV) são a principal causa de morte em pessoas que sobrevivem ao câncer. Embora o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas (TCTH) esteja associado à diverso grado de cardiotoxicidade, essas complicações têm sido mal caracterizadas. Objetivo: analisar o perfil de liberação de biomarcadores miocárdicos como potenciais marcadores subclínicos de cardiotoxicidade em pacientes submetidos ao TCTH. Material e método: estudo descritivo, analítico, prospectivo, transversal, unicéntrico, com recrutamento de pacientes encaminhados à policlínica de cardio-oncologia, com indicação de TCTH de outubro de 2018 a março de 2020. Foram realizados controles clínicos, eletrocardiográficos, bioquímicos e de imagem de acordo com o algoritmo de acompanhamento. Os valores evolutivos dos biomarcadores séricos foram comparados pelo teste de Friedman. A FEVE basal foi comparada com a de 3 meses após o TCTH usando o teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: foram incluídos 19 pacientes, 37% mulheres, com idade de 43,8 ± 15,7 anos. Nenhuma mudança na LVEF foi detectada. Em nenhum caso foi observado um aumento de TnI. Os valores de BNP aumentaram um mês após o transplante (linha de base: 13,6 6,1-30,9; vs. primeiro mês: 38,9 16,3-120,0, p = 0,036), se detectou uma maior elevação nos pacientes que receberam antimetabólitos vs. outros medicamentos (linha de base: 13,6 ;6,1-30,9; vs. no primeiro mês: 67,0 ;21,3-174,0;, p = 0,039). O aumento do BNP não foi associado ao risco CV. Conclusão: a liberação do BNP após o TCTH é frequente (32% de nossos pacientes), podendo chegar a no máximo um mês, independente da FEVE. O subgrupo de pacientes que recebeu antimetabólitos apresentou maior liberação precoce de BNP.

Immune reconstitution after allogenic stem cell transplantation: An observational study in pediatric patients

Abstract Introduction The immune reconstitution (IR) after the allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a progressive process intrinsically correlated to the therapeutic success. It is essential to understand the interfering factors in IR to prevent the HSCT-related mortality. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes, absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) and lymphocyte subtypes at different time-points of 111 pediatric patients with allogeneic HSCT for malignant and non-malignant diseases from 2013 to 2018. Results The ALCs gradually increased on D+30, D+100, and D+180 (medians 634/μL, 1022/μL and 1541/μL, respectively). On D+100, the CD3+CD8+ achieved the highest recovery rate (68%), followed by the CD16+CD56+ (47%), CD3+CD4+ (39%) and CD19+ (8%). The adequate ALC recovery was associated with age < 8 years, bone marrow grafts, myeloablative conditioning, non-use of serotherapy and non-haploidentical donors. The ALC and CD3+CD8+ on D+100 counts were higher in patients with the cytomegalovirus infection. The CD3+CD4+ recovery was associated with an age < 8 years, a non-malignant disease and a lower incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease ≥ grade 2. Furthermore, the ALC recovery on D+100 resulted in a higher overall survival, regardless of the disease type (HR 3.65, 1.05 - 12.71, p= 0.04). Conclusion Several factors influenced the IR after the allo-HSCT. The ALC ≥ 500/μL on D+100 was a simple IR predictor of survival, easily available to resource-limited centers.

Effects of a physiotherapeutic protocol in cardiorespiratory, muscle strength, aerobic capacity and quality of life after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of hospital cardiorespiratory physical therapy protocol on the functional capacity and quality of life of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods From January to December 2019, bilateral dynamometry, Manovacuometry and Ventilometry, peak expiratory flow "Peak Flow", 6-min walk test (6MWT), SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were applied in patients who have undergone an allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), pre-conditioning (initial evaluation) and pre-discharge (final evaluation). The patients were submitted to an intervention protocol, consisting of aerobic training, muscle strengthening and respiratory muscle training, between the two assessments. Results 29 patients were enrolled in the study and 24 (83%) completed all procedure. Myeloablative and reduced intensity conditioning were performed in 89.6% and 10.4%, respectively; 17 (58%) patients have undergone an autologous HSCT; 10 (35%) identical related allogeneic HSCT, and 2 (7%) haploidentical allogeneic HSCT. The median number of interventions per patient was 3 (1-9). A decreasing in the right and left dynamometry (p ≤ 0.0001 and 0.002, respectively) and, also in the distance covered in the 6MWT (p = 0.004), was observed after HSCT. There was no significant difference in respiratory muscle strength, quality of life and fatigue sensation. Conclusion Cardiorespiratory rehabilitation can preserve functional capacity and quality of life.

Temporal trends in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Argentina: regional differences that mirror the global reality

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative treatment for many disorders and international data shows a growing trend. Method: We aimed to evaluate the temporal trends in HSCT transplant rates in Argentina. A time-series analysis was performed for the period 2009 to 2018 using the national database from the National Central Coordinating Institute for Ablations and Implants. Crude and standardized transplant rates were calculated. A permutation joinpoint regression model analysis was used to identify significant changes over time. Results: Altogether, 8,474 transplants were reported to INCUCAI by 28 centers (autologous 67.5%); the main indication was multiple myeloma (30%). The WHO age-sex standardized HSCT rates for the entire country were 153.3 HSCT/10 million inhabitants (95% CI 141.7 −165.8) in 2009 and 260.1 HSCT/10 million inhabitants (95% CI 245.5−275.5) in 2018. There was a large gap in HSCT rates among the states and regions. The transplant rate was higher for autologous transplants throughout the years. Within the allogeneic group, the related donor transplant rate was higher than the unrelated donor transplant rate. The joinpoint regression analysis of HSCT rates for the whole country over time showed an observed annual percentage change of 6.3% (95% CI 5.4-7.3; p < 0.01). No changes were observed for unrelated donors during the study period. Conclusions: Age-sex standardized HSCT rates in Argentina are increasing, mainly due to autologous and family donor allogeneic transplants. A wide variation across the country was found, demonstrating differences in the access to transplantation among Argentine regions

Cuidados de enfermagem no transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoiéticas em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo / Atención de enfermería en el trasplante autólogo de células madre hematopoyéticas en pacientes con mieloma múltiple / Nursing care in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients

Objetivos: Identificar as evidências disponíveis sobre o cuidado de enfermagem no transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoiéticas em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo no ambiente hospitalar, relacionar os cuidados identificados na literatura às teorias de enfermagem, quais aspectos têm sido priorizados quanto ao cuidado da enfermagem e compreender em que fase do tratamento o enfermeiro é mais atuante. Método: Estudo de Revisão de Escopo, com busca realizada nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE via PubMed, no mês de junho de 2021, 10 artigos foram identificados. Resultados: Tratam de cuidados relacionados a procedimentos específicos e demonstram a importância que o enfermeiro tem de atuar no controle do ambiente, bem-estar, apoio emocional e da educação em saúde com estímulo à autonomia e ao autocuidado. Conclusão: Observam-se bases teóricas que devem estar presentes em todo o processo de cuidar, guiando a atuação do enfermeiro, que se mostra relevante em todo o processo de tratamento.

Objectives: To identify the available evidence on nursing care in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma in the hospital environment, to relate the care identified in the literature to nursing theories, which aspects have been prioritized in terms of nursing care and understand at which stage of treatment the nurse is most active. Method: Scope Review Study, with search performed in LILACS and MEDLINE databases via PubMed, in June 2021, 10 articles were identified. Results: They deal with care related to specific procedures and demonstrate the importance that nurses have to act in the control of the environment, well-being, emotional support and health education, encouraging autonomy and self-care. Conclusion: There are theoretical bases that must be present throughout the care process, guiding the performance of nurses, which proves to be relevant throughout the treatment process.

Objetivos: Identificar la evidencia disponible sobre el cuidado de enfermería en el trasplante autólogo de células madre hematopoyéticas en pacientes con mieloma múltiple en el ámbito hospitalário y relacionar con las teorías de enfermería, aspectos que se han priorizado en cuanto al cuidado de enfermería y comprender en qué etapa del tratamiento la enfermera está más activa. Método: Estudio Scope Review, con búsqueda realizada en bases de datos LILACS y MEDLINE vía PubMed, en junio de 2021, se identificaron 10 artículos. Resultados: Abordan cuidados relacionados con procedimientos específicos y demuestran la importancia que tiene el enfermero de actuar en el control del entorno, el bienestar, el apoyo emocional y la educación para la salud, fomentando la autonomía y el autocuidado. Conclusión: Existen bases teóricas que deben estar presentes en todo el proceso de atención, orientando el desempeño de las enfermeras, las cuales son relevantes en todo el proceso de tratamiento.

Assessment of oral health condition in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral health condition and dental treatments performed in patients in pre-allogeneic HCT. Method: The records of patients treated during 2018 at a Brazilian HCT service were reviewed. The following oral health data were obtained: 1. Decayed, missing and filled teeth / correlated index for primary dentition (DMFT/dmft); 2. Quality of oral hygiene and 3. Dental pathologies: 3.1 Periodontal infectious focus, 3.2 Endodontic infectious focus and 3.3 Carie incidence. All dental procedures performed were surveyed. Results: Thirty-three patients were included, with a mean age of 28.42 (±16.37), 20 male (60%) and 13 female. The average DMFT/dmft found in this study was 10.24 (± 8.37), similar to the index found in the population in southeastern Brazil. The younger study population presented a DMFT/dmft considered high, when compared to the general population. A total of 27.2% of the patients had active caries lesions, 33.3%, foci of periodontal infection, 15.1%, endodontic infectious focus and 40%, poor oral hygiene. Almost half of the patients (48.4%) had to undergo dental intervention, 24.2% needing periodontal scaling, 21.2%, fillings and 12.1%, tooth extractions. Conclusion: We conclude that the studied population had an important incidence of dental pathologies and infectious conditions that could complicate throughout HCT, especially in younger patients, therefore presenting a high demand for dental treatment in the pre-HCT. Studies that assess the impact of dental conditioning on the outcomes of HCT with an emphasis on dental infectious complications, days of hospitalization and survival are necessary."

Reactivación de la enfermedad de Chagas después de trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Chagas disease reactivation after autologous stem cell transplant. Case report and literature review

Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas es una parasitosis endémica en Latinoamérica transmitida por triatominos. Está asociada a factores de riesgo como la pobreza y la ruralidad. Después de la infección aguda, un tercio de los pacientes presenta compromiso del corazón, el aparato digestivo o el sistema nervioso central, en tanto que los dos tercios restantes no presentan este tipo de compromiso secundario. La inmunosupresión farmacológica rompe el equilibrio entre el sistema inmunitario y el parásito, lo cual favorece su reactivación. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 58 años procedente de un área rural colombiana, con diagnóstico de mieloma múltiple resistente a los fármacos de primera línea de tratamiento, que requirió un nuevo esquema de quimioterapia y consolidación con trasplante autólogo de células madre. Después del trasplante, presentó neutropenia febril. Los estudios microbiológicos iniciales fueron negativos. En el frotis de sangre periférica, se demostraron tripomastigotes y se diagnosticó enfermedad de Chagas aguda posterior al trasplante. Se inició el tratamiento con benznidazol. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones. La serología positiva para Chagas previa a un trasplante obliga a descartar la reactivación de la enfermedad en caso de neutropenia febril. Se requieren más estudios para determinar las herramientas que permitan estimar la probabilidad de reactivación de la enfermedad y decidir sobre la mejor opción de relación entre costo, riesgo y beneficio de la terapia profiláctica.

Introduction: Chagas disease is an endemic parasitic infection in Latin America transmitted by triatomines. It is associated with risk factors such as poverty and rurality. After acute infection, a third of patients will present target organ involvement (heart, digestive tract, central nervous system). The remaining two thirds remain asymptomatic throughout their life. Pharmacological immunosuppression breaks the balance between the immune system and the parasite, favoring its reactivation. Clinical case: We present the case of a 58-year-old man from a Colombian rural area with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma refractory to the first line of treatment who required a new chemotherapy scheme and consolidation with autologous stem cell transplant. During the post-transplant period, he suffered from febrile neutropenia. Initial microbiological studies were negative but the peripheral blood smear evidenced trypomastigotes in blood. With a diagnosis of acute Chagas disease in a post-transplant patient, benznidazole was started. The evolution of the patient was satisfactory. Conclusions: Positive serology prior to transplantation makes it necessary to rule out reactivation of the pathology in the setting of febrile neutropenia. More studies are required to determine tools for estimating the probability of reactivation of the disease and defining the best cost-risk-benefit relation for the prophylactic therapy.

Alterações na qualidade de vida de adultos com câncer hematológico em cinco anos após o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas / Changes in the quality of life of adults with hematological cancer in five years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Resumo: O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar as alterações da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos pacientes adultos com câncer hematológico, submetidos ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas, nos primeiros cinco anos após o procedimento. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, longitudinal, observacional e analítico, realizado em hospital público do sul do Brasil, referência na América Latina para esta modalidade de tratamento. Foram incluídos 55 participantes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, que se submeteram a esta terapia. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2021, com avaliações em dez etapas: pré-transplante (antes de iniciar o condicionamento), pancitopenia, pré-alta hospitalar, após 100 dias, após 180 dias, Follow up 1 (após 360 dias), e anualmente até completar cinco anos da realização do procedimento. Foram aplicados um instrumento para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e os questionários de Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30 e Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Bone Marrow Transplant, ambos traduzidos, adaptados e validados para o português - Brasil. Em relação ao diagnóstico, as leucemias estão presentes em 65% dos casos; quanto à modalidade de tratamento, o transplante de células-tronco alogênico foi realizado em 71% dos pacientes. No que diz respeito aos óbitos, a causa de maior incidência foi por recidiva da doença (44%), e o maior número ocorreu no primeiro ano (37%). A qualidade de vida global (56,6/100) e geral (90,7/148) apresentou os menores escores na etapa de pancitopenia, com melhores índices no quinto ano, (80,4/100) e (116,1/148), respectivamente. A análise com o modelo linear generalizado misto evidenciou alterações significativas nos escores dos domínios de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde entre as etapas ao longo do tempo. Foi comprovada a hipótese de que os pacientes com melhores escores nos domínios de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde observados no início do tratamento têm maior sobrevida. Os resultados do estudo inferem as correlações entre os domínios mensurados e encontram, assim, sustentação no modelo conceitual teórico utilizado. As contribuições consistem em reafirmar a dimensionalidade do constructo qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, além de agregar conhecimento acerca das alterações autopercebidas pelos pacientes durante o tratamento.

Abstract: The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the changes in the health-related quality of life of adult patients with hematological cancer undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the first five years after the procedure. This is a quantitative, longitudinal, observational and analytical study carried out in a public hospital in southern Brazil, a reference in Latin America for this treatment modality. We included 55 participants aged 18 years and over, who underwent this therapy. Data collection took place from September 2013 to January 2021, with evaluations in ten stages: pre-transplantation (before starting conditioning), pancytopenia, pre-hospital discharge, after 100 days, after 180 days, Follow up 1 ( after 360 days), and annually until completing five years of the procedure. An instrument for collecting sociodemographic and clinical data and the Health-related Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30 and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Bone Marrow Transplant questionnaires were applied, both translated, adapted and validated for Portuguese - Brazil. Regarding diagnosis, leukemias are present in 65% of cases; regarding the treatment modality, allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in 71% of the patients. With regard to deaths, the cause of highest incidence was disease recurrence (44%), and the highest number occurred in the first year (37%). The global (56.6/100) and general (90.7/148) quality of life had the lowest scores in the pancytopenia stage, with better rates in the fifth year (80.4/100) and (116.1/148), respectively. The analysis with the mixed generalized linear model showed significant changes in the scores of the health-related quality of life domains between the stages over time. The hypothesis was confirmed that patients with better scores in the domains of health-related quality of life observed at the beginning of treatment have greater survival. The study results infer the correlations between the measured domains and thus find support in the theoretical conceptual model used. The contributions consist of reaffirming the dimensionality of the health-related quality of life construct, in addition to adding knowledge about the self-perceived changes by patients during treatment.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar los cambios en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de pacientes adultos con cáncer hematológico, sometidos a trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas, en los primeros cinco años después del procedimiento. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, longitudinal, observacional y analítico realizado en un hospital público del sur de Brasil, referencia en América Latina para esta modalidad de tratamiento. Se incluyeron 55 participantes mayores de 18 años que se sometieron a esta terapia. La recolección de datos ocurrió de septiembre de 2013 a enero de 2021, con evaluaciones en diez etapas: pretrasplante (antes de iniciar el acondicionamiento), pancitopenia, alta prehospitalaria, después de 100 días, después de 180 días, Seguimiento 1 (después de 360 días), y anualmente hasta completar cinco años del procedimiento. Se aplicó un instrumento de recolección de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos y los cuestionarios Health-related Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30 y Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Bone Marrow Transplant, ambos traducidos, adaptados y validados para portugués - Brasil. En cuanto al diagnóstico, las leucemias están presentes en el 65% de los casos; en cuanto a la modalidad de tratamiento, se realizó trasplante alogénico de células madre en el 71% de los pacientes. En cuanto a las defunciones, la causa de mayor incidencia fue la recidiva de la enfermedad (44%) y el mayor número se produjo en el primer año (37%). La calidad de vida global (56,6/100) y general (90,7/148) tuvieron las puntuaciones más bajas en la etapa de pancitopenia, con mejores tasas en el quinto año (80,4/100) y (116,1/148), respectivamente. El análisis con el modelo lineal generalizado mixto mostró cambios significativos en las puntuaciones de los dominios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre las etapas a lo largo del tiempo. Se confirmó la hipótesis de que los pacientes con mejores puntajes en los dominios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud observados al inicio del tratamiento tienen mayor sobrevida. Los resultados del estudio infieren las correlaciones entre los dominios medidos y así encuentran apoyo en el modelo teórico conceptual utilizado. Los aportes consisten en reafirmar la dimensionalidad del constructo calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, además de sumar conocimientos sobre los cambios autopercibidos por los pacientes durante el tratamiento.

Outpatient haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant using post-transplant cyclophosphamide and incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis

Abstract Introduction Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a common complication of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT), characterized by irritative symptoms of the urinary tract and a higher morbidity and mortality rate. The worldwide incidence is reported between 10% and 70%. The use of alkylating agents and BK viral infection are the most frequent etiologies. The aim of this study was to report the HC incidence in an outpatient haplo-HCST program with a reduced intensity-conditioning (RIC) regimen, cataloguing risk factors, complications and final outcomes. Methods The medical database of patients who received a haplo-HSCT between January 2012 and November 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. Demographic variables, general characteristics and HC incidence were included. Results One hundred and eleven patients were included, 30 (27%) of whom developed HC, most of them (70%) being grade II, with a 30-day (7-149) median time of post-transplant HC onset. The BK virus was detected in 71% of the urine samples analyzed. All HC patients responded to treatment, except two (6.6%), who died due to HC complications. Conclusions There was no difference in the HC incidence or severity, compared to that reported when performing haplo-HSCT in hospitalized patients, although the donor-recipient sex mismatch did relate to a higher HC incidence.

Clinical Study on Dynamic Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prognostic significance of dynamic detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by 8-color flow cytometry.@*METHODS@#MRD of 282 AML patients who achieved remission after initial therapy was detected by 8-color flow cytometry. MRD threshold for predicting recurrence was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and time from MRD-positive to clinical recurrence was analyzed. The differences in overall survival (OS) time and relapse-free survival (RFS) time of patients with different MRD-changes were compared, and the related factors of recurrence in patients with MRD-negative were analyzed by univariate and logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#ROC curve determined that the MFC-MRD threshold for predicting the recurrence of AML was 0.105%, and the recurrence rate of MRD-positive patients was significantly higher than that of MRD-negative patients [52.45% (75/143 cases) vs 35.97% (50/139 cases), P=0.005]. The patients in MRD persistent positive group and negative to positive group recurred earlier than those in positive to negative group and negative-positive fluctuation group (P<0.005). Survival analysis showed that OS and RFS time of patients with MRD persistent positive were significantly shorter than those of patients with MRD persistent negative, positive to negative, and negative-positive fluctuation (P<0.005). There was no significant difference in OS and RFS between MRD negative to positive group and MRD persistent positive group (P>0.005), either between MRD persistent negative group and MRD positive to negative group (P>0.005). Among 139 MRD-negative patients, 50 recurred. Univariate and logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of recurrence increased with the increase of white blood cells level (95%CI: 1.000-1.013, P=0.045). The risk of recurrence in patients without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was 9.694 times higher than that in patients who received HSCT (95%CI: 1.720-54.651, P=0.010), and in the high-risk group was 5.848 times higher than that in the low-risk group (95%CI: 1.418-24.121, P=0.015).@*CONCLUSION@#The prognosis of AML patients with different MRD changes is significantly different. No matter MRD-positive or MRD-negative at the initial remission, dynamic detection of MRD after treatment is more helpful to accurately guide treatment.

Clinical effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with hyper-IgM syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To evaluate the clinical effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 17 children with HIGM who received allo-HSCT. The Kaplan Meier method was used for the survival analysis of the children with HIGM after allo-HSCT.@*RESULTS@#After allo-HSCT, 16 children were diagnosed with sepsis; 14 tested positive for virus within 100 days after allo-HSCT, among whom 11 were positive for Epstein-Barr virus, 7 were positive for cytomegalovirus, and 2 were positive for JC virus; 9 children were found to have invasive fungal disease. There were 6 children with acute graft-versus-host disease and 3 children with chronic graft-versus-host disease. The median follow-up time was about 2 years, and 3 children died in the early stage after allo-HSCT. The children had an overall survival (OS) rate of 82.35%, an event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70.59%, and a disease-free survival (DFS) rate of 76.47%. The univariate analysis showed that the children receiving HLA-matched allo-HSCT had a significantly higher EFS rate than those receiving HLA-mismatched allo-HSCT (P=0.019) and that the children receiving HLA-matched unrelated allo-HSCT had significantly higher OS, EFS, and DFS rates than those receiving HLA-mismatched unrelated allo-HSCT (P<0.05). Compared with the children with fungal infection after allo-HSCT, the children without fungal infection had significantly higher EFS rate (P=0.02) and DFS rate (P=0.04).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Allo-HSCT is an effective treatment method for children with HIGM. HLA-matched allo-HSCT and active prevention and treatment of fungal infection and opportunistic infection may help to improve the prognosis of such children.

Coping Religioso/Espiritual e Qualidade de Vida dos Sobreviventes de Câncer Cinco Anos após o Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas / Religious/Spiritual Coping and Quality of Life of 5-Years Cancer Survivors After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Afrontamiento / Religioso/Espiritual y Calidad de Vida de Sobrevivientes de Cáncer Cinco Años después del Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas

Introdução: O transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas é um tratamento complexo, com potencial de cura, no entanto, apresenta risco significativo de complicações graves e consequente comprometimento na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Diante desse cenário, é necessário que a equipe de saúde reconheça as demandas a que os pacientes estão expostos, e as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas, a fim de promover intervenções que objetivem a melhora da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e a diminuição dos desconfortos decorrentes do diagnóstico e tratamento. Objetivo: Correlacionar o uso do coping religioso/espiritual com a qualidade de vida após cinco anos da realização do transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. Método: Estudo analítico e longitudinal, com 55 pacientes em um hospital de referência para o procedimento na América Latina. Coleta de dados de 2013 até 2021, com os questionários Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ­ Bone Marrow Transplantation e Religious/Spiritual Coping Scale. Correlações entre as variáveis pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Trinta pacientes foram a óbito antes de completar cinco anos de tratamento. A qualidade de vida apresentou melhores índices no quinto ano (116,1/148). Houve maior uso do coping religioso/espiritual positivo (3,15/5,00). Observou-se correlação significativa negativa entre os escores de qualidade de vida (-0,624/p<0,00) e coping/religioso espiritual negativo. Conclusão: Reconhecer a multidimensionalidade do constructo qualidade de vida, incluindo o domínio espiritual, poderá auxiliar o paciente no enfrentamento da doença e do tratamento

Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a complex treatment, with healing potential, however, it presents a significant risk of serious complications and consequent impairment in health-related quality of life. Given this scenario, it is necessary for the health team to recognize the demands that patients are exposed to, and the coping strategies used, in order to promote interventions that aim to improve health-related quality of life, and decrease the discomforts resulting from the diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To correlate the use of religious/spiritual coping with quality of life after five years of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Method: Analytical and longitudinal study, with 55 patients in a referral hospital for the procedure in Latin America. Data were collected from 2013 to 2021, with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ­ Bone Marrow Transplantation and Religious/Spiritual Coping Scale questionnaires. Correlations between variables by the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: 30 patients died before completing five years of treatment. Quality of life showed better rates in the fifth year (116.1/148). There was greater use of positive religious/spiritual coping (3.15/5.00). A significant negative correlation between quality-of-life scores (-0.624/p<0.00) and negative religious/spiritual coping was found. Conclusion: Recognizing the multidimensionality of the quality of life construct, including the spiritual domain, can help the patient to cope with the disease and treatment

Introducción: El trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos es un tratamiento complejo, con potencial curativo, sin embargo, presenta un riesgo importante de complicaciones graves y consecuente deterioro de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Ante este escenario, es necesario que el equipo de salud reconozca las demandas a las que se exponen los pacientes y las estrategias de enfrentamiento utilizadas, a fin de promover intervenciones que apunten a mejorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y disminuir los malestares derivados del diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivo: Correlacionar el uso del afrontamiento religioso/espiritual con la calidad de vida después de cinco años del trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Método: Estudio analítico y longitudinal, con 55 pacientes en un hospital de referencia para el procedimiento en América Latina. Recopilación de datos de 2013 a 2021, con los cuestionarios Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy ­ Bone Marrow Transplantation y Religious/Spiritual Coping Scale. Correlaciones entre variables por el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Treinta pacientes fallecieron antes de completar cinco años de tratamiento. La calidad de vida mostró mejores índices en el quinto año (116,1/148). Hubo un mayor uso del afrontamiento religioso/espiritual positivo (3,15/5,00). Hubo una correlación negativa significativa entre las puntuaciones de calidad de vida (-0,624/p<0,00) y el afrontamiento religioso/espiritual negativo. Conclusión: Reconocer la multidimensionalidad del constructo calidad de vida, incluyendo el dominio espiritual, puede ayudar al paciente a enfrentar la enfermedad y el tratamiento

Qualidade de Vida de Sobreviventes de Câncer Onco-Hematológico Submetidos ao Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura / Quality of Life of Oncohematologic Cancer Survivors Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Integrative Review Literature / Calidad de Vida de Sobrevivientes de Cáncer Oncohematológico Sometidos a Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas: Revisión Integradora de la Literatura

Introdução: Os avanços no tratamento relacionado ao câncer onco-hematológico têm resultado em um crescente número de pacientes submetidos ao transplante de células tronco-hematopoiéticas (TCTH) com êxito terapêutico, o que exige maior atenção com a qualidade de vida (QV) dos sobreviventes. Objetivo: Identificar a QV dos sobreviventes onco-hematológicos submetidos ao TCTH. Método: Revisão integrativa, entre 2011 a 2021, com busca nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, SciELO e Biblioteca Cochrane. Utilizou-se a estratégia SPIDER para responder às questões norteadoras; e o nível de evidência foi classificado segundo o Instituto Joanna Briggs. Resultados: Vinte e seis artigos foram incluídos. Os instrumentos mais utilizados para medir a QV foram o Quality of Life Questionnare ­ Core 30 e o Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation. Variáveis biopsicossociais, educacionais e clínicas, como comorbidades, antecedentes, condições epidemiológicas e tipo de condicionamento não influenciaram significativamente a QV dos sobreviventes onco-hematológico submetidos ao TCTH. A QV apresentou comprometimento na vigência de problemas físicos crônicos, reinternações, encargos financeiros, doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro, fadiga, sintomas psicológicos, infecções recorrentes, disfunções no funcionamento sexual e fértil, neoplasias secundárias e sintomas físicos como dor e distúrbios do sono. Conclusão: O sobrevivente do TCTH mantém demandas de cuidados biopsicossociais que influenciam negativamente a QV, evidenciando a necessidade de cuidado multidimensional

Introduction: Advances onco-hematological cancer-related treatment have resulted in an increasing number of patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) with therapeutic success, which requires more attention to the quality-of-life (QoL) of survivors. Objective: To identify the QoL of onco-hematologic survivors undergoing HSCT. Method: Integrative review, from 2011 to 2021 with search in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, SciELO and the Cochrane Library. The SPIDER strategy was used to answer the guiding questions; and the level of evidence was classified according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Twenty-six articles were included. The most used instruments to measure QoL were Quality of Life Questionnaire ­ Core 30 and Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation. Biopsychosocial, educational and clinical variables, such as comorbidities, history, epidemiological conditions and type of conditioning did not significantly influence the QoL of oncohematological survivors undergoing HSCT. Quality-of-life was impaired by chronic physical problems, readmissions, financial burdens, graftversus-host disease, fatigue, psychological symptoms, recurrent infections, dysfunctions in sexual and fertile functioning, secondary neoplasms and physical symptoms such as pain and sleep disorders. Conclusion: The HSCT survivor has continuous demands for biopsychosocial care which negatively impact the QoL and require multidimensional attention

Introducción: Los avances en el tratamiento relacionado con el cáncer oncohematológico han dado como resultado un número creciente de pacientes sometidos a trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TPH) con éxito terapéutico, lo que requiere una mayor atención a la calidad de vida (CV) de los sobrevivientes. Objetivo: Identificar la CV de sobrevivientes oncohematológicos sometidos a TPH. Método: Revisión integradora, entre 2011 y 2021 con búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, SciELO y Cochrane Library. Se utilizó la estrategia SPIDER para responder las preguntas orientadoras; y el nivel de evidencia se clasificó según el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Resultados: Se incluyeron veintiséis artículos. Los instrumentos más utilizados para medir la CV fueron Quality of Life Questionnare ­ Core 30 y Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-Bone Marrow Transplantation. Variables biopsicosociales, educativas y clínicas, como comorbilidades, antecedentes, condiciones epidemiológicas y tipo de condicionamiento no influyeron significativamente en la CV de los sobrevivientes oncohematológicos sometidos a TPH. La calidad de vida se vio afectada en presencia de: problemas físicos crónicos, reingresos, cargas financieras, enfermedad de injerto contra huésped, fatiga, síntomas psicológicos, infecciones recurrentes, disfunciones en el funcionamiento sexual y fértil, neoplasias secundarias y síntomas físicos como dolor y trastornos del sueño. Conclusión: El sobreviviente del TPH mantiene demandas de atención biopsicosocial que influyen negativamente en la CV, evidenciando la necesidad de atención multidimensional

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of pericardial effusion after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with thalassemia major / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of thalassemia major (TM) children with pericardial effusion (PE) after allo-geneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: Clinical data of 446 TM children received allo-HSCT at Shenzhen Children's Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into PE and non-PE group according to the occurrence of PE. Chi-square tests were used to investigate the risk factors that were associated with the development of PE. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis of the 2 groups. Results: Twenty-five out of 446 patients (5.6%) developed PE at a time of 75.0 (66.5, 112.5) days after allo-HSCT. Among these patients, 22 cases (88.0%) had PE within 6 months after allo-HSCT and 19 patients (76.0%) had PE within 100 days after allo-HSCT. The diagnoses of PE were confirmed using echocardiography. Pericardial tamponade was observed in only 1 patient, who later undergone emergency pericardiocentesis. The rest of patients received conservative managements alone. PE disappeared in all patients after treatment. Risk factors that were associated with the development of PE after allo-HSCT included the gender of patients, the type of transplantation, the number of mononuclear cells (MNC) infuse, pulmonary infection after HSCT and transplantation associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) (χ²=3.99, 10.20, 14.18, 36.24, 15.03, all P<0.05). In 239 patients that received haploidentical HSCT, the development of PE was associated with the gender of patients, pulmonary infection after HSCT and TA-TMA (χ²=4.48, 20.89, 12.70, all P<0.05). The overall survival rates of PE and non-PE groups were 96.0% (24/25) and 98.6% (415/421). The development of PE was not associated with the overall survival of TM children after allo-HSCT (χ²=1.73, P=0.188). Conclusions: PE mainly develop within 100 days after allo-HSCT in pediatric TM recipients. Haploidentical grafts, female gender, pulmonary infection after HSCT and TA-TMA are the main risk factors associated with PE development after transplant. However, the presence of PE don't have a significant impact on the outcomes of pediatric TM patients after allo-HSCT.