Complicações odontológicas em indivíduos com insuficiência renal crônica: estudo retrospectivo / Dental complications in chronic renal failure individuals: a retrospective study

A doença renal crônica em estágio terminal pode levar a alterações sistêmicas que tornam o manejo clínico odontológico desses indivíduos desafiador, especialmente se os procedimentos forem invasivos. As preocupações incluem alteração do metabolismo de drogas, da resposta imunológica e do metabolismo ósseo, além do risco aumentado de sangramento e discussão sobre risco aumentado para endocardite infecciosa. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi conhecer a frequência e o tipo de complicações durante e após execução de procedimentos odontológicos em indivíduos com insuficiência renal crônica em diálise (IRC-D), atendidos no Centro de Atendimento a Pacientes Especiais (CAPE) da Faculdade de Odontologia da USP (FOUSP). Adicionalmente, comparamos a quantidade e o tipo de complicações entre os indivíduos que usaram antibiótico profilático e aqueles que não usaram, antes dos procedimentos odontológicos. Para tanto desenvolvemos um formulário específico para este estudo, no qual compilamos as informações relativas aos períodos trans e pós-operatórios de procedimentos odontológicos realizados nos pacientes com IRC em diálise. Nossa hipótese era a de que a prevalência de complicações durante e após os procedimentos odontológicos de indivíduos com IRC em diálise fosse baixa, e que ouso do antibiótico prescrito profilaticamente não interferiria na qualidade dareparação ou na incidência de complicações relacionadas aos procedimentos odontológicos. Analisamos retrospectivamente 225 prontuários de pacientes com IRC em diálise atendidos no CAPE-FOUSP desde 1990 até os dias atuais. Desse total, 130 eram pacientes do sexo masculino e do 95 do feminino. A idade média destes indivíduos foi de 48,4 anos. As principais doenças de base que levaram a ocorrência da IRC-HD foram a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (48 pacientes) e o diabetes mellitus (23 pacientes). Nos 225 pacientes, 1.390 procedimentos odontológicos foram realizados, dos quais 856 foram não invasivos, 443 invasivos e 91 tratamentos endodônticos. Dentre os procedimentos invasivos, houve 259 exodontias. Antes de 80 das 259 intervenções cirúrgicas (31%) houve a prescrição de antibiótico profilático em diferentes posologias; em 29 exodontias (11%) foram utilizados hemostáticos locais no momento da realização da sutura. Foram descritos nos prontuários 16 casos de sangramento transoperatório (6%), 5 casos de sangramento pós-operatório (2%) e 2 casos de complicação pós-operatória (0,8%), definidos como uma alveolite e uma infecção alveolar. Nossos resultados permitiram nos concluir que a incidência de complicações após exodontias é baixa e que o uso de antibiótico profilático (AP) não interferiu nessa incidência.

Umbral crítico de administración en pacientes con trauma severo y reanimación endovascular: ¿Un concepto útil? / Critical Administration Threshold in severe trauma patients and endovascular resuscitation: A useful concept?

Introducción. Se describe la utilidad del umbral crítico de administración (CAT por su denominación en inglés) como herramienta para la reanimación hemostática en pacientes con trauma severo y oclusión endovascular aórtica. Métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de pacientes adultos con hemorragia por trauma, con o sin oclusión endovascular aórtica (REBOA), atendidos entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2020, en un centro de trauma nivel I en Cali, Colombia. Se registraron variables demográficas, severidad del trauma, estado clínico, requerimiento transfusional, tiempo hasta CAT+ y CAT alcanzado (1, 2 ó 3). Resultados. Se incluyeron 93 pacientes, se utilizó REBOA en 36 y manejo tradicional en 57. El grupo REBOA presentó mayor volumen de sangrado (mediana de 3000 ml, RIC: 1950-3625 ml) frente al grupo control (mediana de1500 ml, RIC: 700-2975ml) (p<0,001) y mayor cantidad de glóbulos rojos transfundidos en las primeras 6 horas (mediana de 5, RIC:4-9); p=0,015 y en las primeras 24 horas (mediana de 6, RIC: 4-11); p=0,005. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en número de pacientes CAT+ entre grupos o tiempo hasta alcanzarlo. Sin embargo, el estado CAT+ durante los primeros 30 minutos de la cirugía fue mayor en grupo REBOA (24/36, 66,7 %) frente al grupo control (17/57, 29,8 %; p=0,001), teniendo este mayor tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria frente a los pacientes CAT-. Conclusión. El umbral crítico de administración es una herramienta útil en la reanimación hemostática de pacientes con trauma y REBOA, que podría predecir mortalidad precoz.

Introduction. The objective is to describe the utility of the Critical Administration Threshold (CAT) as a tool in hemostatic resuscitation in patients with severe trauma and REBOA. Methods. Retrospective review between January 2015 and June 2020 of adult patients with hemorrhage secondary to trauma with or without REBOA in a level I trauma center in Cali, Colombia. Demographic variables, trauma severity, clinical status, transfusion needs, time to CAT+ and number of CAT achieved (1, 2 or 3) were recorded. Results. Ninety-three patients were included, in which REBOA was used in 36 and traditional management in 57. The REBOA group had a higher bleeding volume (3000 ml), IQR: 1950-3625 ml vs the control group (1500 ml, IQR: 700-2975 ml) (p<0.001) and a higher rate of PRBC units transfused in the first 6 hours (median 5, IQR: 4-9); p=0.015 and in the first 24 hours (median 6, IQR: 4-11); p=0.005. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of CAT+ patients between groups or time to CAT+. However, CAT+ status during the first 30 minutes of surgery was higher in the REBOA Group (24/36, 66.7%) vs. the control group (17/57, 29.8%; p=0.001), having this group a higher in-hospital mortality rate vs. CAT- patients. Conclusion. CAT is a useful tool in the hemostatic resuscitation of patients with trauma and REBOA that could predict early mortality.

Risk factors for delayed bleeding after intestinal polypectomy in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of delayed bleeding after intestinal polypectomy in children, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical surgical intervention of intestinal polyps.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 2 456 children with intestinal polyps who underwent endoscopic high-frequency electrocoagulation loop resection in the Endoscopy Center of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to December 2021. According to the presence or absence of delayed bleeding after surgery, they were divided into bleeding group with 79 children and non-bleeding group with 2 377 children. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for delayed bleeding. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the value of various indicators in predicting delayed bleeding.@*RESULTS@#Of all 2 456 children, 79 (3.22%) experienced delayed bleeding, among whom 5 children with severe delayed bleeding underwent emergency colonoscopy for hemostasis and 74 received conservative treatment, and successful hemostasis was achieved for all children. There were significant differences between the bleeding and non-bleeding groups in age, body mass index, constipation rate, location of lesion, time of endoscopic procedure, resection method (P<0.05). Children with a diameter of polyps of 6-10 mm and >20 mm were more likely to develop delayed bleeding after resection (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that endoscopic operation time, polyp diameter, and resection method were significantly associated with delayed bleeding (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the endoscopic operation time, polyp diameter, and resection method had a good value in predicting delayed bleeding after intestinal polypectomy, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.706, 0.688, and 0.627, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Endoscopic high-frequency electrocoagulation loop resection has a lower incidence of delayed bleeding in children with intestinal polyps, and the endoscopic operation time, polyp diameter, and resection method are closely associated with the occurrence of postoperative delayed bleeding.

Hemorragia digestiva alta / Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Introducción: La hemorragia digestiva alta tiene una elevada morbimortalidad. La endoscopía digestiva alta es el estudio de elección para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Objetivo: Describir la conducta ante la hemorragia digestiva alta. Métodos: Para la revisión bibliográfica se consultaron artículos científicos indexados en idioma español e inglés, relacionados con la hemorragia digestiva, publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, Medline y Cochrane, pertenecientes a autores dedicados al estudio de este tema. Desarrollo: La hemorragia digestiva alta se clasifica, según la etiología de origen, en variceal y no variceal. La mayoría de los pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta el sangrado se autolimita. La causa más habitual es la úlcera péptica, pero en caso de sangrado masivo la etiología más frecuente es la variceal. El empleo precoz de la terlipresina en los pacientes con hemorragia digestiva alta variceal mejora el control del sangrado y disminuye la mortalidad. Se debe hacer uso de escalas validadas de estratificación del riesgo: escala de riesgo de Rockall (tiene como propósito principal predecir la mortalidad y riesgo de resangrado del paciente) y la escala de Glasgow-Blatchford). Conclusiones: Sospechar la presencia de hemorragia digestiva alta, estratificar su riesgo e instaurar el manejo inicial y apropiado constituye una prioridad para el médico de urgencia(AU)

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding presents high morbidity and mortality. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the study of choice for its diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To describe the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: For the bibliographic review, the consultation was carried out of scientific articles indexed in Spanish and English, related to gastrointestinal bleeding, published in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Medline and Cochrane, belonging to authors dedicated to the study of this subject. Development: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is classified, according to the etiology of origin, into variceal and nonvariceal. In most patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding the bleeding as such is self-limiting. The most common cause is peptic ulcer; however, in the case of massive bleeding, the most frequent etiology is variceal. Early use of terlipressin in patients with variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding improves bleeding control and decreases mortality. Validated risk stratification scales should be used: Rockall risk scale (its main purpose is to predict patient mortality and risk of bleeding recurrence) and the Glasgow-Blatchford scale. Conclusions: Suspecting the presence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, stratifying its risk, as well as instituting initial and appropriate management, are a priority for the emergency physician(AU)

Neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii asociada a hemorragia alveolar difusa en un paciente con trasplante renal / Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia associated with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a renal transplant patient. Case report

La neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii es una enfermedad fúngica oportunista descrita principalmente en pacientes con VIH, sin embargo, tras la introducción de la TARV, ha incrementado su incidencia en pacientes con inmunosupresión no asociada a VIH, como neoplasias hematológicas y trasplantes de órganos sólidos. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 17 años, receptor de un trasplante renal, con inmunosupresión prolongada con corticoesteroides, con cuadro clínico de tos, disnea y fiebre. La TC mostró micronódulos pulmonares centrolobulillares y vidrio esmerilado. El LBA fue compatible con hemorragia alveolar difusa (HAD), con RPC positiva para P. jirovecii. Se descartaron otras infecciones y enfermedades autoinmunes. Recibió tratamiento con cotrimoxazol con buena evolución clínica y mejoría radiológica. Si bien las causas más frecuentes de HAD son etiologías autoinmunes como enfermedades reumatológicas o vasculitis, es prioritario descartar causas infecciosas, incluyendo P. jirovecii, ya que el tratamiento dirigido puede tener un impacto significativo en la mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an opportunistic fungal infection, described mainly in HIV patients, however, after the introduction of ART, its presentation has increased in patients with non-HIV immunosuppression, such as hematological cancers, solid or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report the case of a 17-year-old male, kidney transplant patient, with prolonged immunosuppression with corticoesteroids, with history of cough, dyspnea, and fever. Chest CT evidences centrilobular pulmonary micronodules with ground glass. BAL was performed compatible with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, with positive PCR for P. jirovecii. Other infections and autoimmune disease were ruled out. He received treatment with cotrimoxazole with clinical improvement of the patient, and follow up chest CT at the end of treatment showed decrease of pulmonary infiltrates. Although the most frequent causes of DAH are autoimmune etiologies such as rheumatic diseases or vasculitis, it is a priority to rule out infectious causes, including P. jirovecii, since targeted treatment could have a significant impact on mortality outcomes in this group of patients.

Hemolacria or bloody tears in presumed lacrimal endometriosis: a case report / Hemolacria o lágrimas hemáticas en sospecha de endometriosis lacrimal: reporte de un caso

Background: Hemolacria or the presence of blood in tears is a rare condition, and there are only a few cases reported in the literature. Hemolacria is associated with multiple underlying diseases, including vicarious menstruation due to extragenital endometriosis. Case report: We present a 26-year-old woman with hemolacria and abdominal pain related to her menstrual cycle. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral ovarian endometriomas. After ruling out other possible causes of hemolacria, a progestin-only treatment was applied, with improvement of the abdominal pain and complete remission of hemolacria. Conclusions: When faced with hemolacria, a thorough anamnesis and physical examination must be performed, sometimes involving more than one specialist to reach a diagnosis. Considering hemolacria is a sign of a subjacent pathology, its treatment should be specific one for the disease in each case.

Antecedentes: La hemolacria o presencia de sangre en las lágrimas es una afección poco frecuente y sólo hay unos pocos casos descritos en la literatura. La hemolacria se asocia a múltiples enfermedades subyacentes, incluida la menstruación vicaria debida a endometriosis extragenital. Caso clínico: Presentamos a una mujer de 26 años con hemolacria y dolor abdominal relacionado con su ciclo menstrual. La paciente fue diagnosticada de endometriomas ováricos bilaterales. Tras descartar otras posibles causas de hemolacria, se aplicó un tratamiento sólo con progestágenos, con mejoría del dolor abdominal y remisión completa de la hemolacria. Conclusiones: Ante una hemolacria se debe realizar una anamnesis y exploración física minuciosa, en la que a veces interviene más de un especialista para llegar al diagnóstico. Teniendo en cuenta que la hemolacria es signo de una patología subyacente, su tratamiento debe ser el específico para la enfermedad en cada caso.

Manejo Clínico ­ Quirúrgico de pacientes con Fisura Anal en la Unidad de Coloproctología del HECAM / Clinical-Surgical Management of patients with Anal Fissure in the Unit HECAM Coloproctology

La fisura anal es una de las enfermedades más antiguamente descritas, la misma que, ha tenido hasta el momento múltiples tratamientos tanto médicos como quirúrgicos, existiendo controversias en su algoritmo terapéutico. Constituye una de las patologías cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento corresponde a la Especialidad de Coloproctología, afecta a ambos sexos y a cualquier edad y puede ser aguda o crónica. Proponemos el presente Protocolo para un adecuado manejo de la patología, de manera que sirva de guía en la toma correcta de decisiones basadas en la evidencia y el consenso de quienes integramos la Unidad Técnica de Coloproctología del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín.

Anal fissure is one of the oldest described diseases, which has so far had multiple medical and surgical treatments, with controversies in its therapeutic algorithm. It is one of the pathologies whose diagnosis and treatment corresponds to the Coloproctology Specialty, it affects both sexes and any age and can be acute or chronic. We propose the present Protocol for an adequate management of the pathology, so that it serves as a guide in the correct decision making based on evidence and consensus of those who integrate the Technical Unit of Coloproctology of the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín.

Uso de aspirina en prevención primaria cardiovascular: es tiempo de cambiar el paradigma / Aspirin use for primary cardiovascular prevention: time for a paradigm shift

La Aspirina es una droga ampliamente utilizada con un protagonismo indiscutido en el escenario de la prevención secundaria. Sin embargo, el rol de este medicamento en prevención primaria es aún motivo de discusión. Los primeros ensayos que evaluaron la Aspirina en prevención primaria sugerían reducciones en el infarto agudo al miocardio y el accidente cerebrovascular -aunque no en la mortalidad- con un riesgo no despreciable de hemorragia mayor. Esto llevó a diversas sociedades científicas a recomendar su prescripción sólo en aquellos individuos con alto riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares. Desde el año 2018 en adelante, surgen diversos ensayos aleatorizados que han cuestionado estas indicaciones, mostrando beneficios clínicos muy discretos o ausentes. El objetivo de esta revisión es realizar un análisis histórico de la evidencia sobre el rol de la Aspirina en prevención primaria y resumir las recomendaciones actuales en este escenario.

Aspirin is widely used with a clear role in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, its benefit in primary prevention is still a matter of discussion. The first trials evaluating Aspirin for primary prevention suggested reductions in acute myocardial infarction and stroke (although not in mortality) but with a non-negligible risk of major bleeding. This led to aspirin being recommended by various scientific societies, albeit limited to individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. Since 2018 various randomized trials in primary prevention showed minimal or no beneficial effects of aspirin thus questioning its indication for this purpose. The aim of this review is to make an historical analysis of the evidence for the role of Aspirin in primary prevention and suggest modified recommendations for these subjects.

Actualización en anomalías vasculares de la órbita en pediatría: diagnóstico por imágenes y tratamiento / Update on orbital vascular anomalies in pediatrics: imaging studies and management

Las anomalías vasculares de la órbita (AVO) son un grupo heterogéneo de patologías que pueden presentarse con frecuencia en el cono orbitario, la región periorbitaria o dentro de la órbita misma. Las AVO se dividen en tumores y malformaciones. Su presentación clínica más frecuente es el exoftalmos, asociado o no a alteración del eje visual. Además, pueden presentar complicaciones agudas, como hemorragia intralesional o celulitis entre las más frecuentes, y complicaciones crónicas, como ambliopía y afectación de la agudeza visual a largo plazo. La evolución de las técnicas de imágenes, el uso de nuevos fármacos y la utilización de innovadores procedimientos en radiología intervencionista han posibilitado obtener una mejora significativa en los procesos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de estos pacientes, permitiendo un diagnóstico y tratamiento preciso.

Orbital vascular anomalies (OVAs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders frequently found in the orbital cone, the periorbital region, or within the orbit itself. OVAs are divided into tumors and malformations. The most frequent clinical presentation is exophthalmos, associated or not with an alteration of the visual axis. They may also cause acute complications, being intralesional bleeding or cellulitis the most frequent, and chronic complications, such as amblyopia and long-term visual acuity impairment. The development of imaging techniques, the use of new drugs, and the implementation of innovative procedures in interventional radiology have resulted in a significant improvement in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to these patients, essential to an accurate diagnosis and management.

Trombocitopenia no paciente crítico oncológico e sua relação com a ocorrência de sangramentos / Thrombocytopenia in critical cancer patients and its relationship with the occurrence of bleeding

INTRODUÇÃO: A trombocitopenia é uma complicação comum em pacientes com câncer e nos pacientes críticos. A trombocitopenia está associada a maior mortalidade e sangramento nestas populações, porém não está descrita a associação do nível de plaquetas com sangramentos nos pacientes críticos com câncer. Também é escassa a descrição dos desfechos da trombocitopenia e da transfusão profilática de plaquetas em pacientes críticos com câncer. Finalmente não foi avaliado se o tipo de câncer está associado a sangramento espontâneo em pacientes críticos com câncer. OBJETIVO: Descrever as características e desfechos dos pacientes críticos com câncer e trombocitopenia grave na internação na UTI. Avaliar a associação do nível da trombocitopenia e do tipo de câncer (tumor sólido ou câncer hematológico) com a ocorrência de sangramentos espontâneos nos pacientes críticos com câncer. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional com dados coletados prospectivamente que analisou pacientes críticos com câncer em atividade e trombocitopenia grave na internação na UTI. O desfecho primário do estudo foi a ocorrência de sangramentos espontâneos. Para estudar a associação entre nível plaquetário ou tipo de câncer com a ocorrência de sangramentos espontâneo foi usada uma regressão logística ajustada para confundidores reconhecidos por directed acyclic graph. RESULTADOS: As características dos pacientes críticos com câncer na internação e durante a estadia na UTI são majoritariamente similares entre pacientes com e sem sangramento, e entre pacientes com sangramento maior ou menor. Todos os pacientes que tiveram sangramento espontâneo não haviam recebido transfusão profilática de plaquetas nas 24 horas que precederam o sangramento. O tipo de câncer não foi associado ao sangramento espontâneo com razão de chance ajustada de com neoplasias hematológicas de 0,6 (0,4-1,2). Níveis baixos de plaquetas foram associados a maior frequência de sangramentos espontâneos. A razão de chance ajustada para nível de plaquetas entre 20 e 49 x 109 /l foi de 4,5 (1,1-19,1), enquanto a razão de chance ajustada para nível de plaquetas < 20 x 109 /L foi de 17,4 (3,9-77,8). CONCLUSÃO: Mostramos a associação entre menores níveis de contagens de plaquetas com maior incidência de sangramento vii espontâneo em pacientes críticos com câncer. No entanto, não houve associação do tipo de câncer com sangramento espontâneo.

INTRODUCTION: Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in cancer patients and critically ill patients. Thrombocytopenia is associated with higher mortality and bleeding in these populations, but the association of platelet levels with bleeding in critically ill patients with cancer has not been well described. There are also few descriptions of the outcomes of thrombocytopenia and prophylactic platelet transfusion in critically ill patients with cancer. Finally, whether the type of cancer is associated with spontaneous bleeding, in critically ill cancer patients it has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: Describe the characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with cancer and severe thrombocytopenia when admitted to the ICU and evaluate the association between the level of thrombocytopenia and the type of cancer (solid tumor or hematological cancer) with the occurrence of spontaneous bleeding in critically ill patients with cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational study with prospectively collected data that analyzed critically ill patients with active cancer and severe thrombocytopenia during ICU admission. The primary outcome of the study was the occurrence of spontaneous bleeding. To study the association between platelet level or type of cancer with the occurrence of spontaneous bleeding, a logistic regression adjusted for confounders recognized by directed acyclic graph was used. RESULTS: The characteristics of critically ill patients with cancer at admission and during the ICU stay are mostly similar between patients with and without bleeding, and between patients with major or minor bleeding. All patients who had spontaneous bleeding had not received prophylactic platelet transfusions in 24 hours preceding the bleeding. The type of cancer was not associated with spontaneous bleeding with an adjusted odds ratio of with hematologic malignancies of 0.6 (0.4-1.2). Low platelet levels have been associated with a higher frequency of spontaneous bleeding. The adjusted odds ratio for a platelet level between 49 and 20 x 109 /L was 4.5 (1.1- 19.1), while the adjusted odds ratio for a platelet level < 20 x 109 /L was 17.4 (3.9-77.8). CONCLUSION: We showed the association between lower levels of platelet counts and a higher incidence of spontaneous bleeding in critically ill cancer patients. However, there was no association between the type of cancer and spontaneous bleeding.

Assessment of the need for routine intraoperative cell salvage in liver transplantation

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the necessity of routine intraoperative cell salvage in liver transplantations. Methods: A total of 327 liver transplants performed between 2014 and 2016 was included in the analysis. Patient data, including pre-transplant examinations, intraoperative red blood cell transfusions, and procedural information, were collected. Results: The median age of the patients was 54 years old, with 67% (219) being male. The most prevalent ABO blood type was O, accounting for 48% (155) of cases. The leading causes of liver disease were hepatitis C (113 cases, 34.6%) and alcohol-related liver disease (97 cases, 29.7%). Out of the 327 liver transplants, allogeneic red blood cell transfusions were administered in 110 cases (34%) with a median of two units of red blood cells per case. Cell salvage was employed in 237 transplants (73%), and successful blood recovery was achieved in 221 cases (93%). Among the group that recovered more than 200 mL of blood, the median volume of recovered blood was 417 mL, with no transfusion of allogeneic blood required. A total of 90 transplants was performed without utilizing cell salvage, and, among these cases, 19 required blood transfusions, with a median of zero units transfused. Conclusions: This study suggests that routine cell salvage is unnecessary for all liver transplantations. The most suitable indication for its use is in patients presenting with portal vein thrombosis and abnormal creatinine levels.

Blood Loss Control in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis Undergoing Spinal Fusion: Prospective Evaluation of a Cohort / Controle de sangramento em pacientes com escoliose idiopática submetidos a artrodese da coluna: Avaliação prospectiva de uma coorte de pacientes

Abstract Objective This study aimed to identify risk factors for increased perioperative bleeding in scoliosis surgery. Methods This is a prospective cohort study including 30 patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior instrumentation using the pedicle screw system at a university hospital. Results Intraoperative blood losses totaled 798.6 ± 340 mL (24.8% of blood volume). Nine subjects presented massive blood loss. On average, hemoglobin dropped by 3.7g/dL, and each patient received 1.4 blood bags. Postoperative blood loss was 693.4±331.1 mL, and the total number of days using a drain was 2.7±0.7. Intraoperatively, the following variables showed significant correlations (p<0.05) with increased bleeding: age, time from diagnosis to treatment, preoperative Cobb angle, amount of curve correction, number of instrumented and fixated levels, total number of screws, and the number of transfused bags. Postoperatively, the following variables had significant correlations (p < 0.05): age, preoperative Cobb angle, length of hospital stay, number of blood bags transfused, and number of levels fixated with screws. Conclusion The variables most contributing to blood loss were age, preoperative Cobb angle, number of blood bags transfused, and number of levels fixated with a screw. Therefore, patients may benefit from surgical treatment while younger and

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os fatores de risco para o aumento de sangramento perioperatório em cirurgias para tratamento de escoliose. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo incluindo 30 pacientes com escoliose idiopática submetidos à instrumentação posterior com o uso do sistema de parafusos pediculares em um hospital universitário. Resultados As perdas sanguíneas intraoperatórias totalizaram 798,6 ml ±340 ml (24,8% do volume sanguíneo). Houve perda maciça de sangue em 9 pacientes. Em média, a hemoglobina caiu 3,7 g/dl e foram transfundidas 1,4 bolsas de sangue por paciente. A perda sanguínea pós-operatória foi de 693,4 ml ± 331,1ml, e o total de dias utilizando dreno foi 2,7 ± 0,7. No intraoperatório, as seguintes variáveis apresentaram correlações significativas (p < 0,05) com o aumento do sangramento: idade, intervalo entre diagnóstico e tratamento, Cobb pré-operatório, quantidade de correção da curva, número de níveis instrumentados e fixados, número total de parafusos e o número de bolsas transfundidas. No pós-operatório, as seguintes variáveis apresentaram relação (p<0,05): idade, Cobb pré-operatório, tempo de internação, quantidade de bolsas de sangue transfundidas e o número de níveis fixados com parafuso. Conclusão As variáveis que mais contribuíram para a perda sanguínea foram idade, Cobb pré-operatório, quantidade de bolsas de sangue transfundidas e número de níveis fixados com parafuso. Portanto, os pacientes podem se beneficiar do tratamento cirúrgico

Tendance de la mortalité maternelle au Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Constantine entre 2012 et 2017 / Trend in maternal mortality at Constantine University Hospital between 2012 and 2017

Contexte et objectifs. Les données sur la tendance de la mortalité maternelle sont fragmentaires en Afrique Subsaharienne. La présente étude avait pour objectif de faire une analyse triennale de l'évolution du taux de mortalité maternelle et identifier les causes de décès. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude observationnelle documentaire, sur la mortalité maternelle enregistrée ; au Centre hospitalo universitaire de Constantine, entre le 1er Janvier 2012 et le 31 Décembre 2017. Résultats. Soixante-dix décès maternels ont été déplorés. Le taux de mortalité maternelle est de 101,3 décès pour 100 000 naissances vivantes. Les hémorragies obstétricales et les complications hypertensives de la grossesse sont les premières causes de mortalité. L'analyse des données triennales met en évidence une baisse importante de la mortalité par hémorragie et par complications de l'anesthésie. Conclusion. Cette étude a permis de dresser un profil des causes de la mortalité maternelle dont les niveaux restent inquiétants et requièrent une action globale.

Diagnóstico de la enfermedad de von Willebrand / Diagnosis of von Willebrand disease

La enfermedad de von Willebrand (EVW) es el trastorno hemorrágico hereditario más común, y se caracteriza por presentar disminución de la capacidad del factor von Willebrand (FVW) de unirse a las plaquetas y al colágeno de la matriz extracelular durante la hemostasia primaria, debido a defectos cuantitativos o cualitativos. La EVW se clasifica en tres fenotipos principales: el 1 y el 3 que son trastornos cuantitativos, y el 2 que se subclasifica en 2A, 2B, 2M y 2N, y refleja los trastornos cualitativos. Para su diagnóstico son necesarios varios pasos: 1) la evaluación del historial de sangrado personal y familiar del paciente, 2) detección inicial de trastornos hemorrágicos, 3) pruebas para la detección de la EVW, 4) pruebas para la tipificación de la EVW, y 5) el análisis molecular. Tanto la subclasificación de la EVW como su diagnóstico continúan planteando desafíos importantes, motivo por el cual se realiza esta revisión, de manera que los profesionales de la salud tengan una guía que los oriente al momento de tener pacientes con algún trastorno hemorrágico que amerite descartar una EVW e implementar un tratamiento adecuado

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder, and is characterized by a decreased ability of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) to bind to platelets and extracellular matrix collagen during primary hemostasis, due to quantitative or qualitative defects. VWD is classified into three main phenotypes: 1 and 3, which are quantitative disorders, and 2 (2A, 2B, 2M and 2N) that reflects qualitative disorders. Several steps are necessary for its diagnosis: 1) evaluation of the patient's personal and family bleeding history, 2) initial screening tests for bleeding disorders, 3) tests for the detection of VWD, 4) tests for the classification of VWD, and 5) molecular analysis. Both the subclassification of VWD and its diagnosis continue to represent important challenges, which we aimed to describe in this review, so that health professionals have a guide to assist them when they have patients with a bleeding disorder that requires exclusion of VWD, and implementation of an appropriate treatment.

Vírus de Marburg: Brevíssimos apontamentos sobre sua história, classificação científica e saúde pública / Marburg virus: very brief notes on its history, scientific classification and public health / Virus de Marburg: apuntes muy breves sobre su historia, clasificación científica y salud pública

A "febre de Marburg", "febre hemorrágica de Margurg", o "Marburgvirus", o "Vírus de Marburg", o "Vírus de Marburgo" (MARV), ou ainda, a "doença do vírus Marburg" (DVM), são nomenclaturas relacionadas a mesma complexa enfermidade, que possuir elevada virulência e letalidade, sendo pertencente direta da ordem dos "Mononegavirales", da família "Filoviridae" e do gênero "Marburgvirus". 1,2,3,5,9,10,12,13 Conforme identificado junto a literatura científica, um outro termo alternativo e, diretamente relacionado ao DVM é "Marburgvirus do Lago Vitória", sendo ele possuidor de várias linhagens e, o seu gênero, não mostra reatividade antigênica do tipo cruzada, com o conhecido "Ebolavirus"

Choc hémorragique péri-opératoire au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Androva, Mahajanga, Madagascar

Introduction : Le choc hypovolémique est une défaillance circulatoire aiguë et critique, mettant rapidement en jeu le pronostic vital. L'objectif de l'étude était de déterminer les aspects épidémio-cliniques et la prise en charge du choc hémorragique periopéraoire au centre hospitalier de Mahajanga. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, descriptive, observationnelle et monocentrique réalisée dans le service de Réanimation Chirurgicale du CHU PZaGa de Mahajanga, sur une période de 52 mois. Les données socio-démographiques, les paramètres cliniques périopératoires, la prise en charge médico-chirurgicale, l'évolution et les retentissements organiques de l'état de choc hémorragique ont été les paramètres étudiés. Résultats : Nous avons collecté 6896 dossiers des patients, dont 70 cas de choc hémorragique ont été recensés (1,02%) pour tout type de chirurgie ; 62 dossiers ont été retenus dans l'étude. La majorité des cas était du genre féminin (87,10%). Les pathologies gynéco-obstétricales étaient la principale source de l'état de choc de (77,4%), dont 59,4% d'hémorragie du post-partum. L'insuffisance rénale aiguë était la principale atteinte viscérale (61%, n=38) suivie de 10% (n=6) des cas des troubles neurologiques. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d'une oxygénothérapie, et d'un remplissage vasculaire par des cristalloïdes et 3,2% ont eu des colloïdes. Les substances vasoactives utilisées étaient l'éphédrine 41,9%, suivie de l'adrénaline 27,4% et de la noradrénaline 17,7%. Vingt-sept virgule quarante pourcent de nos patients étaient décédés, et la cause la plus incriminée était la coagulopathie par défibrination. Conclusion: Les hémorragies obstétricales constituent la première cause de choc hémorragique ; le taux de mortalité reste encore élevé.

Summary of the best evidence for anticoagulation and bleeding risk management in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence of anticoagulation and bleeding risk management in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and provide the evidence-based basis for the management of anticoagulation and bleeding during ECMO treatment.@*METHODS@#According to the evidence "6S" pyramid model, all evidence on ECMO anticoagulation management and bleeding risk was searched in relevant databases, organizations and guideline websites at home and abroad. Evidence types included guidelines, expert consensus, systematic evaluation, Meta-analysis and original study. The search time limit was from May 31, 2012 to May 31, 2022. Two researchers with evidence-based research background conducted independent literature quality evaluation of the retrieved evidence, and the evidence that met the quality standards was extracted and summarized based on the opinions of industry experts.@*RESULTS@#A total of 315 articles were retrieved, and 13 articles were included, including 3 guidelines, 6 expert consensus, and 4 Meta-analysis. A total of 27 best evidences were summarized from 7 aspects, including the selection of ECMO anticoagulation, anticoagulation in priming, anticoagulation in operation, anticoagulation monitoring, bleeding and treatment, thrombosis and treatment, and prevention and management of terminal limb ischemia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study provides evidence-based basis for bleeding prevention and anticoagulant management in ECMO patients. It is recommended to selectively apply the best evidence after evaluating the clinical environmental conditions of medical institutions, so as to improve the prognosis of ECMO patients.

Drastic times, drastic measures: A case report on massive transfusion

@#Massive intra operative bloodloss require sex pectant measures, efficient coordination among providers, and timely feedback to optimize outcomes. In the Philippines, case reports on massive blood loss and transfusion are lacking. This report describes a 67-year-old female who underwent elective adrenalectomy, nephrectomy, and hepaticresection, with a total intraoperative blood loss of 20 liters in a 13-hour surgery. Efficient conduct of the institution's massive transfusion protocol, multiple press or support, electrolyte and glucose correction, and anticipatory management of associated complications of hypovolemia and transfusion were important elements to successful management. The patient tolerated the surgery and was discharged well after 12 days. In theabsence of more sophisticated monitoring and management options in a low-resource setting, maximizing available means and anticipatory interventions is key.

Efficacy and safety of Low Dose Heparin infusion in intravenous fluids to prevent Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) line occlusion among neonates: A randomized control trial

Objectives@#To determine the efficacy of low-dose heparin in preventing central catheter occlusion and its safety among neonates.@*Materials and Methods@#A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 42 neonates requiring peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines. The neonates were divided into two groups: low dose heparin (0.5 units/kg/hr =0.2 units/ml) and control group (0.5 units/ml). The efficacy outcomes were duration of catheter patency, completion of catheter use, and the presence of catheter occlusion or thrombosis. The safety outcomes include heparin complications.@*Results@#The study participants had a mean age of 17 days old at 35 weeks gestational age and mean weight of 1.97 kg. The participants given low dose heparin were 36% more likely to complete the use of central line and 12% less likely to develop catheter occlusion. Analyses showed non-statistically significant risk ratio of active bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and deranged prothrombin time in the low dose heparin group.@*Conclusion@#The use of low dose heparin (0.5 units/kg/hr = 0.2 units/ml) appears as effective as the control dose in completion of catheter use and prevention of catheter occlusion. There was also no significant difference in the adverse effects. Low dose heparin can be used as continuous infusion for preventing central line occlusion; however, it has no advantage in lowering the risk of complications.

Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human Coagulation Factor Ⅷ Preparations in Patients with Severe Hemophilia A / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of recombinant human coagulation factor Ⅷ using myPKFiT in patients with severe hemophilia A, and provide an individualized treatment plan for patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 42 patients with severe hemophilia A who were treated with recombinant human coagulation factor Ⅷ were included from January 2021 to December 2021. myPKFiT was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of FⅧ, and the individualized treatment plan for hemophilia A patients was formulated.@*RESULTS@#The median age of 42 patients with severe hemophilia A was 31（16-50） years old, the average weight was 54.0±9.9 kg, the half-life of FⅧ was 12.05±1.6 h, the time to more than 1% of the baseline was 62.3±15.3 h, and the 0 bleeding rate after the guidance of myPKFiT was significantly increased from 39% to 49%, the Annual bleeding rate was reduced from 3.6±2.5 to 2.1±2.0, and the Annual joint bleeding rate was reduced from 3.2±2.2 to 1.9±0.9, all of which were statistically different (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Individualized therapy in patients with severe hemophilia A who were guided by myPKFiT assay of pharmacokinetics parameters can significantly reduce the annual bleeding rate and annual joint bleeding rate of patients.