Coordenação do cuidado na perspectiva das pessoas com hipertensão na atenção primária à saúde / Coordination of care from the perspective of people with hypertension in primary health care

Objetivo: analisar a satisfação de pessoas com hipertensão acerca da coordenação do cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 417 pessoas em um município de médio porte, locali-zado na região sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no primeiro semestre de 2016, utilizando instrumento de avaliação adaptado e validado sobre domínios estruturais da Atenção Primária à Saúde e utilizado questões referentes à coordena-ção do cuidado. Realizou-se análise descritiva e inferencial para tratamento das variáveis. Resultados: evidenciou-se que os entrevistados avaliaram satisfatoriamente a utilização dos prontuários durante a consulta por parte dos profissionais de saúde e discussão dos resultados oriundos da consulta no serviço especializado. Pessoas com controle pressórico inade-quado avaliaram insatisfatoriamente a anotação das queixas e necessidades em saúde, verbalizadas durante as consultas, agendamento para retorno e encaminhamento por escrito de competência das Unidades Básicas de Saúde, como também, atendimento garantido e informações esclarecedoras sobre os resultados da consulta no serviço referenciado. Conclusão:As pessoas com hipertensão apresentaram satisfação com a coordenação do cuidado na Atenção Primária à Saúde (AU)

Objective: to analyze the satisfaction of people with hypertension about the coordination of care in Primary Health Care. Method: this is a cross-sectional study conducted with 417 people in a medium-sized municipality located in the southern region of Brazil. Data were collected in the first half of 2016, using an evaluation instrument adap-ted and validated on structural domains of Primary Health Care and used questions regarding the coordination of care. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed to treat the variables. Results: it was evidenced that the interviewees satisfactorily evaluated the use of medical records during consultation by health professionals and discussion of results from the consultation in the specialized service. People with inadequate blood pressure control unsatisfactorily evaluated the recording of complaints and health needs verbalized during consultations, scheduling of return visits, and written referrals from the Basic Health Units, as well as guaranteed care and clarifying infor-mation about the results of the consultation in the referral service. Conclusion: People with hypertension showed satisfaction with the coordination of care in Primary Health Care (AU)

Effect of Physical Training on Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: An Integrative Review

Abstract The regular practice of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) has been encouraged due to causing a series of physiological responses in the cardiovascular system, such as the production of vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide (NO). NO is a relaxation factor released by the endothelium, and the decrease in its bioavailability is related to coronary and arterial diseases, such as AH. This study aimed to perform an integrative literature review to elucidate the effect of physical training on NO levels in patients with AH and to establish a relationship between these levels and blood pressure (BP) control. A literature review was was performed by searching PubMed / MEDLINE, Lilacs, Scielo, Cinahl and Embase databases. The search string used was ("arterial hypertension" OR hypertension) AND (exercise OR "physical exercise" OR "aerobic exercise" OR "exercise training" or "physical activity") AND ("nitric oxide"). We included fully available controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials published in English and Portuguese languages in the last 10 years. The review consisted of 16 articles, of which 13 reported an increase in NO production after the physical training intervention, and three studies found no change. In addition, 15 studies observed a reduction in BP after the intervention. In conclusion, regular practice of physical exercises, advocating moderate intensity, can improve NO bioavailability in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals, which seems to be one of the mechanisms responsible for BP reduction.

Adequação do cuidado a pessoas com hipertensão arterial no Brasil: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013 e 2019 / Adecuación de la atención a personas con hipertensión arterial en Brasil: Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2013 y 2019 / Adequacy of care for people with arterial hypertension in Brazil: National Health Survey, 2013 and 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a adequação do cuidado recebido por adultos e idosos com hipertensão arterial (HA) e sua associação com macrorregião nacional, características demográficas, socioeconômicas e do sistema de saúde, Brasil, 2013 e 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Foram incluídas pessoas na idade de 18 anos ou mais, com diagnóstico de HA e consulta médica por esse motivo nos últimos três anos. Analisou-se a adequação do cuidado, construída a partir de 11 indicadores, por regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Em 2013, 11.129 pessoas com HA (25,3%; IC95% 24,5;26,1) receberam cuidado adequado, e em 2019, 19.107 (18,8%; IC95% 18,2;19,3). Indivíduos do quintil de melhor nível socioeconômico apresentaram prevalência de cuidado adequado 2,54 vezes maior (IC95% 2,03;3,17) em 2013, e 3,53 vezes maior (IC95% 2,94;4,23) em 2019, em relação aos de menor nível socioeconômico. Conclusão: O cuidado adequado diminuiu e as desigualdades econômicas intensificaram-se no período 2013-2019.

Objetivo: Analizar la adecuación de la atención recibida por adultos y ancianos con hipertensión arterial (HA), y su asociación con características regionales, demográficas, socioeconómicas y del sistema de salud, Brasil, 2013 y 2019. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud. Se incluyeron personas mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de HA y consulta médica por este motivo en los últimos tres años. Se analizó la adecuación de la atención, construida a partir de 11 indicadores, por la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: En 2013, 11.129 personas con HA (25,3%; IC95% 24,5; 26,1) recibieron atención adecuada y, en 2019, 19.107 (18,8%; IC95% 18,2;19,3). Individuos del quintil con mejor nivel socioeconómico tuvieron una prevalencia de cuidado adecuado de 2,54 (IC95% 2,03;3,17) (2013) y 3,53 (IC95% 2,94;4,23) (2019) veces superior a los del menor nivel socioeconómico. Conclusión: Se identificó que la atención adecuada disminuyó y las desigualdades económicas se intensificaron en el período 2013-2019.

Objective: To analyze adequacy of care received by adults and elderly people with arterial hypertension, and its association with region of the country, demographic, socioeconomic and health system characteristics in Brazil in 2013 and 2019. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using National Health Survey data. People aged ≥18 years with diagnosis of hypertension and medical consultation for this reason in the last three years were included. Adequacy of care was analyzed based on 11 indicators and using Poisson regression. Results: Adequate care was provided to 11,129 people with hypertension (25.3%; 95%CI 24.5;26.1) in 2013 and to 19,107 (18.8%; 95%CI 18.2;19.3) in 2019. Adequate care prevalence was 2.54 (95%CI 2.03;3.17) times higher in 2013, and 3.53 (95%CI 2.94;4.23) times higher in 2019 among individuals belonging to the highest socioeconomic quintile compared to those belonging to the poorest. Conclusion: We identified that care decreased, and economic inequalities intensified in the period 2013-2019.

Hipertensão arterial autorreferida, uso de serviços de saúde e orientações para o cuidado na população brasileira: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019 / Hipertensión arterial autoinformada, uso de servicios de salud y guías de atención en la población brasileña: Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2019 / Self-reported arterial hypertension, use of health services and guidelines for care in Brazilian population: National Health Survey, 2019

Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA), segundo características sociodemográficas, no Brasil, e analisar os indicadores relacionados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde e orientações para controle do agravo no país. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo utilizando a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2019. Estimou-se a prevalência de HA com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), além das proporções dos indicadores da HA. Resultados: Foram 88.531 os entrevistados, dos quais 23,9% autorreferiram HA, mais prevalente entre o sexo feminino (26,4%) e idosos (55,0%). Entre aqueles que autorrelataram HA, 57,8% referiram atenção médica nos últimos seis meses; a maioria recebeu orientações sobre autocuidado; 66,1% foram atendidos em serviço público de saúde; e 45,8%, em unidade básica de saúde (UBS). Conclusão: A prevalência de HA na população brasileira foi alta, com a maioria das pessoas que autorreferiram o agravo sendo atendidas em serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), onde receberam orientações sobre promoção da saúde

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HA) según características sociodemográficas en Brasil y analizar los indicadores relacionados con el acceso a los servicios de salud y orientaciones para su control. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2019. Se estimó la prevalencia de HA con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%) y proporciones de los indicadores de la HA. Resultados: Hubo 88.531 entrevistados, de los cuales 23,9% declararon haber HA, con mayor prevalencia entre el sexo femenino (26,4%) y ancianos (55,0%). Entre los autodeclarados con HA, 57,8% recibió atención médica en los últimos seis meses; la mayoría recibió orientación sobre el autocuidado; 66,1% fue atendido en un servicio público de salud y 45,8% en unidad básica de salud. Conclusión: La prevalencia de la HA en la población brasileña fue alta, con la mayoría de las personas que autorreferían al agravio siendo atendidas en los servicios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), donde han recibido orientación sobre el autocuidado.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of arterial hypertension according to sociodemographic characteristics in Brazil and to analyze the indicators related to access to health services and guidelines for controlling the disease in the country. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study using the National Health Survey (PNS) conducted in 2019. The prevalence of hypertension was estimated with a 95% confidence interval, in addition to the proportions of hypertension indicators. Results: There were 88,531 respondents, of which 23.9% self-reported hypertension, more prevalent among females (26.4%) and the elderly (55.0%). Among those who self-reported hypertension, 57.8% reported medical attention in the last six months; most received guidance on self-care; 66.1% were seen in public health services; and 45.8%, in primary health care units. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in the Brazilian population was high, with most people who self-reported the condition being seen in services of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), where they received guidance on health promotion.

Potencialidades e fragilidades institucionais no cuidado ao idoso com hipertensão / Institutional strengths and weaknesses in the care of older adults with hypertension / Fortalezas y debilidades institucionales en el cuidado del adulto mayor con hipertensión

Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade institucional de cuidado ao paciente hipertenso nos serviços de saúde destinados aos idosos, a partir da percepção das equipes de saúde. Método: estudo transversal, com 53 profissionais de saúde das instituições ambulatoriais especializadas no cuidado ao idoso na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Aplicou-se a Avaliação da Capacidade Institucional para Atenção às Condições Crônicas (ACIC). Os dados são apresentados em valores de média. Resultados: as potencialidades foram nas dimensões: autocuidado apoiado (6,1 ± 2,7), organização da atenção à saúde (5,5 ± 2,1) e desenho do sistema de prestação de serviços (5,1 ± 2,6). As fragilidades foram: sistema de informação clínica (3,9 ± 2,7), recursos da comunidade (4,0 ± 2,9), integração dos componentes do modelo de atenção (4,1 ± 2,7) e suporte às decisões (4,4 ± 2,9). Conclusão: de acordo com o ACIC, as instituições apresentaram capacidade básica na prestação de cuidado ao paciente hipertenso.

Objective: To evaluate the institutional capacity to care for hypertensive patients in health services for older adults, based on the perception of health teams. Method: A cross-sectional study with 53 health professionals from outpatient institutions specializing in the care of older adults in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The Institutional Capacity Assessment for Attention to Chronic Conditions (ACIC) was applied. Data are presented in mean values. Results: The strengths were in the dimensions: supported self-care (6.1 ± 2.7), organization of health care (5.5 ± 2.1), and design of the service delivery system (5.1 ± 2.6). The weaknesses were: clinical information system (3.9 ± 2.7), community resources (4.0 ± 2.9), integration of the components of the care model (4.1 ± 2.7), and support for decisions (4.4 ± 2.9). Conclusion: According to the ACIC, the institutions presented a basic capacity to provide care to hypertensive patients.

Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad institucional para la atención de hipertensos en los servicios de salud del anciano, a partir de la percepción de los equipos de salud. Método: estudio transversal, con 53 profesionales de la salud de instituciones ambulatorias especializadas en el cuidado de ancianos en la ciudad de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Se aplicó la Evaluación de la Capacidad Institucional para la Atención de Condiciones Crónicas (ACIC). Los datos se presentan como valores medios. Resultados: las potencialidades estuvieron en las dimensiones: autocuidado apoyado (6,1 ± 2,7), organización de la atención en salud (5,5 ± 2,1) y diseño del sistema de prestación de servicios (5,1 ± 2,6). Las debilidades fueron: sistema de información clínica (3,9 ± 2,7), recursos comunitarios (4,0 ± 2,9), integración de los componentes del modelo de atención (4,1 ± 2,7) y apoyo a las decisiones (4,4 ± 2,9). Conclusión: según la ACIC, las instituciones tenían una capacidad básica para brindar atención a los pacientes hipertensos.

Involvement of ET-1/eNOS in the ameliorating effect of electroacupuncture on cardiac dysfunction in rats with spontaneously hypertensive / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan" (PC 6) on cardiac function of ventriculus sinister in rats with spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and to explore the mediation effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).@*METHODS@#Six 12-week-old male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were taken as the normal group. Eighteen 12-week-old SHR were randomly divided into a model group, an EA group and a sham EA group, 6 rats in each group. The rats in the EA group were treated with EA (disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz in frequency, 1 mA in current intensity) at "Neiguan" (PC 6), 30 min each time, once a day for 8 weeks. The rats in the sham EA group were treated with superficial needling at "Neiguan" (PC 6) with no electrical stimulation applied. After treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were tested by echocardiographic analysis. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), heart rate (HR), the maximum rate of increase/decrease of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were detected. The serum content of ET-1 was detected by ELISA. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of ETAR, eNOS in myocardial tissue of left ventricular.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, LVEF, LVFS, +dp/dtmax/LVSP and -dp/dtmax/LVSP were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while LVSP, LVEDP, +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax were increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, LVEF, LVFS, +dp/dtmax/LVSP and -dp/dtmax/LVSP were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and LVSP and LVEDP were decreased (P<0.01) in the EA group. Compared with the normal group, the serum content of ET-1 and the expression of ETAR in myocardial tissue were increased (P<0.01), whereas expression of eNOS was decreased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the serum content of ET-1 and the expression of ETAR in myocardial tissue were decreased (P<0.05), whereas expression of eNOS was increased (P<0.05) in the EA group.@*CONCLUSION@#EA intervention may alleviate hypertensive cardiac function damage by up-regulating the expression of eNOS protein in myocardial tissue, down-regulating the serum content of ET-1 and the expression of ETAR protein in myocardial tissue.

Effect of Tiaoshen Qianyang acupuncture on blood pressure and sleep quality in patients with stroke-related sleep disorders complicated with hypertension / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of Tiaoshen Qianyang acupuncture on morning blood pressure, sleep quality and post-stroke nerve function recovery in patients with stroke-related sleep disorders (SSD) complicated with hypertension.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 patients were randomized into an observation group (60 cases) and a control group (60 cases, 1 case dropped off). Both groups were treated with Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture (Neiguan [PC 6], Shuigou [GV 26], Sanyinjiao [SP 6], Jiquan [HT 1], Chize [LU 5] and Weizhong [BL 40]). In addition, Tiaoshen Qianyang acupuncture was applied in the observation group, deep needling at Baihui (GV 20) and Sishencong (EX-HN 1) for 5 h. Once a day, 5 times a week, 30 times in total. The morning blood pressure was measured during treatment in the two groups, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores before and after treatment were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the morning systolic blood pressure (SBP) after treatment were decreased in the two groups (P<0.05), and the morning diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after treatment was decreased in the observation group (P<0.05). The levels of SBP and DBP after treatment in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, the total score of PSQI and NIHSS score after treatment in the observation group were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), which were lower than the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), the decreasing rate of NIHSS score in the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture, Tiaoshen Qianyang acupuncture could improve morning blood pressure and sleep quality for patients with SSD complicated with hypertension, promote the recovery of nerve function.

Effects of isometric handgrip training on blood pressure among hypertensive patients seen within public primary healthcare: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses have demonstrated that isometric handgrip training (IHT) decreases blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Nonetheless, most studies were conducted in laboratory settings and its effects in real-world settings remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of IHT on office and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary healthcare. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial conducted in primary healthcare units within the Family Health Program, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: 63 hypertensive patients (30-79 years old; 70% female) were randomly allocated into IHT or control groups. IHT was performed three times per week (4 x 2 minutes at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, one-minute rest between bouts, alternating the hands). Before and after the 12-week training period, office and ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability were obtained. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 (two-tailed testing) for all analyses. RESULTS: IHT significantly decreased office systolic blood pressure (IHT: 129 ± 4 versus 121 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05; control: 126 ± 4 versus 126 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas there was no effect on diastolic blood pressure (IHT: 83 ± 3 versus 79 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05; control: 81 ± 3 versus 77 ± 3 mmHg, P > 0.05). Heart rate variability and ambulatory blood pressure were not altered by the interventions (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: IHT reduced office systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients attended within primary care. However, there were effects regarding diastolic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure or heart rate variability. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03216317.

Enfrentamiento terapéutico del paciente adulto hipertenso en Atención Primaria de Salud: una propuesta a considerar / Therapeutic coping of hypertensive adult patients in Primary Health Care: a proposal to consider

Arterial Hypertension (HT) is one of the most widely spread chronic diseases in the world, with a suspicion in the Chilean population of 27.6%, according to the results of the 2017 National Health Survey. Reponsible for high morbidity and mortality, being, in Chile, the main risk factor related to years of life lost due to disability and premature death (DALYs). This fact has motivaded a constant publication of clinical practices guidelines and recomendations from many scientific societies in whole wide world. Hypertension represents a significant proportion of medical consultations for the primary care doctors. In fact, may be a huge challenge to get acceptable percentages of compensation in blood pressure, and mainly, to reduce morbidity and mortality in their patients. Because of this, we propose a set of questions and answers to guide the management of hypertension un primary care, based on the recommendation of the main guidelines of clinical practice.

Efeitos não-clínicos da atividade física no tratamento de pessoas com diabetes, hipertensão ou obesidade / Non-clinical effects of physical activity in the treatment of people with diabetes, hypertension or obesity

Contexto: As práticas de atividade física são fortes aliadas na redução dos riscos à saúde, bem como no tratamento de doenças. Destaca-se sua relevância no cuidado a pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, para as quais é importante investir na qualidade de vida. Esta revisão rápida aborda os efeitos não-clínicos das intervenções de atividade física em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e sobrepeso/obesidade. Pergunta: Quais são os efeitos não-clínicos de diferentes modalidades de atividade física no tratamento de pessoas com diabetes, hipertensão ou obesidade? Métodos: Seguindo protocolo prévio, foram realizadas buscas por revisões sistemáticas (RS) em oito bases eletrônicas da literatura, em setembro de 2021. Nesta revisão rápida foram incluídas RS publicadas nos últimos 10 anos, com algumas especificações quanto a contexto e população. Apenas o processo de seleção foi realizado em duplicata e de forma independente. A avaliação da qualidade das RS foi feita por um revisor e checada por outro, por meio da ferramenta AMSTAR 2. Os resultados foram reunidos em síntese narrativa conforme similaridade do tipo de atividade física e população. Resultados: De 4.421 relatos encontrados nas bases de dados, 23 RS foram incluídas após processo de seleção e elegibilidade. Na avaliação da qualidade metodológica, uma RS foi considerada de confiança moderada, uma de confiança baixa e as demais de confiança criticamente baixa. As revisões apresentaram resultados de exercícios aeróbicos, anaeróbicos, combinados e de tipo não informado, envolvendo pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e sobrepeso/obesidade. O tipo de atividade mais presente foi de exercícios aeróbicos e a condição mais estudada foi diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Apenas uma RS apresentou informação a respeito da segurança da prática de atividade física, sem ocorrência de eventos adversos. Diversas modalidades de atividade física mostraram promover benefícios não-clínicos no tratamento de pessoas com diabetes, hipertensão e obesidade. Considerações finais: As evidências indicam que pessoas com diabetes ou hipertensão podem ter sua qualidade de vida melhorada com a prática de exercícios, em especial os aeróbicos. Para pessoas com obesidade ou comorbidades, as evidências são menos robustas. É importante levar em consideração algumas incertezas apontadas pelas RS, bem como as falhas metodológicas da maioria dessas RS.

Context: Physical activity practices are strong allies in reducing health risks, as well as in the treatment of diseases. Its relevance in the care of people with non-communicable chronic diseases is highlighted, for whom it is important to invest in quality of life. This rapid review addresses the non-clinical effects of physical activity interventions in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, and overweight/obesity. Question: What are the non-clinical effects of different physical activity modalities in the treatment of people with diabetes, hypertension or obesity? Methods: Following a previous protocol, searches for systematic reviews (SR) were carried out in eight electronic databases of the literature, in September 2021. This rapid review included SRs published in the last 10 years, with some specifications regarding context and population. Only the selection process was carried out in duplicate and independently. The evaluation of the quality of the SRs was carried out by one reviewer and checked by another, using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The results were gathered in a narrative synthesis according to the similarity of the type of physical activity and population. Results: Of the 4,421 reports found in the databases, 23 SRs were included after the selection and eligibility process. In the evaluation of methodological quality, one SR was considered moderately reliable, one of low confidence and the others of critically low confidence. The reviews presented results of aerobic, anaerobic, combined and unreported exercises involving people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension and overweight/obesity. The most common type of activity was aerobic exercises and the most studied condition was type 2 diabetes mellitus. Only one SR presented information about the safety of physical activity, without the occurrence of adverse events. Several modalities of physical activity have been shown to promote non-clinical benefits in the treatment of people with diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Final considerations: The evidence indicates that people with diabetes or hypertension can have their quality of life improved with the practice of exercises, especially aerobic ones. For people with obesity or comorbidities, the evidence is less robust. It is important to take into account some uncertainties pointed out by the SRs, as well as the methodological flaws of most of these SRs.

Efeitos de Diferentes Tipos de Treinamento Físico na Função Endotelial em Pré-Hipertensos e Hipertensos: Uma Revisão Sistemática / Effects of Different Types of Exercise Training on Endothelial Function in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Individuals: A Systematic Review

Resumo Fundamento: A hipertensão sustentada pode levar ao remodelamento vascular e lesão das células endoteliais, o que pode explicar a disfunção endotelial encontrada em hipertensos. O treinamento físico pode melhorar a saúde vascular em indivíduos com risco cardiovascular, mas pouco se sabe sobre seus efeitos em pré-hipertensos e hipertensos. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura mostrando evidências de alterações da função endotelial em resposta a diferentes modalidades de treinamento físico em pré-hipertensos e hipertensos. Métodos: Realizamos uma revisão sistemática de estudos nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS, EMBASE e SciELO seguindo tanto as diretrizes PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes) quanto a estratégia PICO (paciente/população, intervenção, comparação e resultados). Os ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) publicados até abril de 2019 foram selecionados e avaliados por quatro revisores independentes. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada por meio da escala PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database). Resultados: Nossa busca rendeu 598 resumos, e 10 estudos foram elegíveis para revisão. Todos eles apresentaram qualidade metodológica aceitável pela escala PEDro. Dos 10 estudos, 7 envolveram treinamento aeróbico, 1 treinamento resistido isométrico e 2 treinamento aeróbico e treinamento resistido dinâmico separadamente. Sete estudos usaram dilatação fluxo-mediada (DFM) para avaliar a saúde vascular, e três usaram pletismografia. A maioria dos protocolos de treinamento envolveu indivíduos hipertensos e consistiu em exercícios de baixa e moderada intensidade. Conclusão: Nossa revisão sistemática mostrou que o treinamento aeróbico contínuo moderado é eficaz para melhorar a saúde vascular em indivíduos hipertensos. Em pré-hipertensos, o treinamento aeróbico intervalado vigoroso parece ser uma alternativa para benefícios à saúde vascular. O treinamento físico resistido isométrico ou dinâmico pode ser usado como alternativa secundária, mas ainda requer mais investigação.

Abstract Background: Sustained high blood pressure can lead to vascular remodeling and endothelial cell injury, which may explain the endothelial dysfunction found in hypertensive individuals. Exercise training can improve vascular health in individuals with cardiovascular risk, but little is known about its effects in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Objective: To review the literature showing evidence of changes in endothelial function in response to different modalities of exercise training in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies in the MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS, EMBASE, and SciELO databases following both the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and the PICO framework (patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes). Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to April 2019 were selected and assessed by four independent reviewers. The methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale. Results: Our search yielded 598 abstracts, and 10 studies were eligible for review. All of them had acceptable methodological quality by PEDro scale. Of the 10 studies, 7 involved aerobic training, 1 isometric resistance training, and 2 aerobic training and dynamic resistance training separately. Seven studies used flow-mediated dilation (FMD) to assess the vascular health, and three used plethysmography. Most training protocols involved hypertensive individuals and consisted of low and moderate-intensity exercise. Conclusion: Our systematic review showed that moderate continuous aerobic training is effective to improve vascular health in hypertensive individuals. In prehypertensive individuals, vigorous interval aerobic training seems to be an alternative to determine vascular health benefits. Resistance exercise training, either isometric or dynamic, can be used as a secondary alternative, but still requires further investigation.

Does Hypertension Knowledge Influence Levels of Physical Activity in Hypertensive Patients From a Southern Brazilian Community?

Abstract Background: Increased level of physical activity (PA) and health education are known as non-pharmacological treatments of hypertension (HP). There is a lack of studies investigating the influence of HP knowledge on the level of PA among hypertensive patients. Objective: To examine the influence of patient's knowledge about HP on PA level and the relationship between these variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in in a primary care center located in a city in the southern Brazil. A total of 199 hypertensive patients (median 61.2 [13] years; body mass index (BMI) 21.9 (7.5) kg/m2; 72.4% women) were included. The level of PA was assessed by measuring the number of steps taken daily. The knowledge about HP was assessed by a standardized questionnaire (HIPER-Q). The Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare age, BMI and PA level between HP knowledge categories, and the Spearman test was used to assess correlations (p <0.05). Results: The median score of knowledge about HP for patients categorized as insufficient (n=6, 3%), poor (n=24; 12.1%), acceptable (n=101; 50.8%) and good (n=68; 34.2%) was 11.0 (8.0), 20.0 (4.0), 26.0 (5.0) and 38.0 (2.0), respectively. No patient has achieved an "excellent" level of knowledge. There was no significant difference in PA level (p = 0.341), BMI (p = 0.510) or age (p = 0.073) between these categories. Age was negatively correlated with knowledge about HP (p <0.05 and rho = 0.02). Conclusions: Patient's knowledge about HP did not influence the level of PA in hypertensive patients. Age, number of steps per day and BMI were not significantly different between the categories of knowledge. Public policies and organizational strategy should be addressed to improve health education and avoid sedentary behavior in this population. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Evaluación de la prescripción de medicamentos en niños y adolescentes con hipertensión arterial / Evaluation of the medications prescription in children and adolescents with hypertension

Introducción: El tema de la tensión arterial en niños y adolescentes ha cobrado un marcado interés en los últimos años, debido al incremento de su prevalencia en este grupo poblacional Objetivo: Evaluar la prescripción de medicamentos en niños y adolescentes con hipertensión arterial atendidos en el Hospital Infantil Norte Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal, que se corresponde con un estudio de utilización de medicamentos, del tipo indicación-prescripción, esquemas terapéuticos y consecuencias prácticas, de 39 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial atendidos en el Servicio de Cardiología del mencionado centro hospitalario, desde enero hasta diciembre de 2018, quienes cumplieron los criterios de selección establecidos. Se utilizaron variables principales (prescripción y reacciones adversas) y de control (edad, color de la piel, sexo y factores de riesgo). Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (79,4 %), el grupo etario de 15-18 años (66,6 %), la hipertensión arterial primaria (estadio 1), los pacientes de piel negra y la obesidad como factor de riesgo mayormente identificado (58,9 %). Conclusiones: Las prescripciones fueron evaluadas en su mayoría como adecuadas, lo que demuestra el enfoque preventivo y el uso racional de los medicamentos.

Introduction: The topic of blood pressure in children and adolescents has taken a marked interest in the last years, due to the increment of its prevalence in this population group Objective: To evaluate the prescription of medications in children and adolescents with hypertension assisted in Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira Northern Children Hospital in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation that squared with a medications use study, of indication-prescription type, therapeutic outlines and practical consequences, of 39 patients with diagnosis of hypertension assisted in the Cardiology Service of the hospital abovementioned, was carried out from January to December, 2018, who fulfilled the established selection approaches. Main variables (prescription and adverse reactions) and control variables (age, skin colour, sex and risk factors) were used. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex (79.4 %), 15-18 age group (66.6% ), primary hypertension (stage 1), black skin patients and obesity as the risk factor mostly identified (58.9 %). Conclusions: The prescriptions were evaluated in their majority as appropriate, what demonstrates the preventive approach and the rational use of medications.

Hipertensão renovascular levando à nefrectomia unilateral: relato de caso / Renovascular hypertension leading to unilateral nephrectomy: case report

Objetivo: Relatar o caso de uma paciente jovem portadora de Hipertensão Arterial Secundária à estenose da artéria renal, que evoluiu com perda renal em decorrência de necessidade de nefrectomia unilateral, enfatizado a importância do diagnóstico e da abordagem adequada desta patologia para o controle da pressão arterial e preservação da função renal. Método: Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevista com a paciente, análise de prontuário, laudos de técnicas diagnósticas, as quais a paciente foi submetida, entre julho e novembro de 2019, durante as consultas médicas e revisão bibliográfica. Conclusão: A nefrectomia unilateral mostrou-se eficaz no controle da hipertensão arterial, na melhora do desempenho renal, possibilitando a melhoria na qualidade de vida do indivíduo afetado

Objective: To report the case of a young patient with SAH secondary to renal artery stenosis, who developed renal loss due to the need for unilateral nephrectomy, emphasizing the importance of the diagnosis and the appropriate approach of this pathology for the control of blood pressure and preservation of renal function. Method: The data were obtained through interview with the patient, analysis of medical records, reports of diagnostic techniques, which the patient was submitted between July and November 2019, during medical consultations and literature review. Conclusion: Unilateral Nephrectomy proved to be effective in controlling arterial hypertension, improving renal performance and in the evolution of renal insufficiency that is difficult to control from the renovascular root, enabling improvement in the affected individual's quality of life