ABSTRACT
La investigación fundamental en homeopatía ha avanzado considerablemente en los últimos 20 años: desde estudios exploratorios con animales y plantas hasta la caracterización de los efectos sistémicos de los medicamentos homeopáticos y estudios in vitro con sistemas celulares aislados para evaluar los cambios en los mecanismos de adaptación celular y señalización intracelular frente a tratamientos homeopáticos variables. El número de artículos publicados a lo largo del tiempo ha permitido realizar varias revisiones sistemáticas. Recientemente, la demostración de que los medicamentos homeopáticos podrían modificar las funciones celulares a través de mecanismos epigenéticos (metilación y desmetilación de ADN) preparó el camino para un campo de investigación completamente nuevo. En paralelo, el descubrimiento de las nanopartículas y propiedades físicas específicas de las diluciones homeopáticas ha arrojado luz hacia un campo antes poco conocido, dado que se consideraba que las diluciones homeopáticas no consistían más que de agua. Así las cosas, los retos para el futuro conciernen a la demostración, o no, de la interrelación entre ambos fenómenos.
Fundamental research in homeopathy has much advanced in the past 20 years. From exploratory studies with animals and plants to the characterization of the systemic effects of homeopathic medicines and in vitro studies with isolated cell systems to assess changes in the mechanisms of cell adaptation and intracellular signaling facing variable homeopathic treatments. The amount of articles published over time enabled several systematic reviews. Recently, demonstration that homeopathic medicines might modify cell functions through epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and demethylation) paved the road for a fully new field of research. In parallel, the discovery of nanoparticles and specific physical properties of homeopathic dilutions brought light to a previously poorly known field, as it was believed that homeopathic dilutions consist in nothing but water. Thus being, challenges for the future concern the demonstration, or not, of the interrelationship between both phenomena.
Subject(s)
Dynamization , Nanoparticles , Epigenomics , Intervention StudiesABSTRACT
Nursing interventions constitute an essential component in the discipline and play a central role in the distinction of the nursing practice with regards to other health professionals. In light of the theory, authors like Burns and Grove,(1) define nursing interventions as deliberate cognitive, physical or verbal activities, which are implemented in individuals and families, seeking therapeutic objectives that contribute to health and wellbeing. In turn, for Sidani and Braden,(2) these are described as treatments, therapies, procedures, or actions developed by health professionals within a specific situation of the patient, for the purpose of modifying current conditions and leading to beneficial health outcomes. These approaches aim, in addition to guiding professional to respond to the needs of individuals and/or families, to move towards evaluating the achievement of the results; for this, structured, systematic and rigorous evaluation processes of the interventions are required.
Subject(s)
Intervention Studies , NursingABSTRACT
Introdução: os dentifrícios antiplaca e anticálculo contêm, em sua composição, agentes específicos para o controle e a redução do biofilme dentário, como o citrato de zinco, o óxido de zinco e o pirofosfato tetrassódico, dentre outros. Objetivo: avaliar in vitroa ação de dentifrícios antiplaca e anticálculo na variação da massa e da rugosidade superficial do esmalte bovino submetido à escovação simulada por 6 e 12 meses.Metodologia: 40 corpos de prova (CP) foram randomizados e divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n=10): grupo controle (GC- água) e 3 grupos teste (GT1 Colgate-Total® 12 Clean Mint, GT2 Colgate-Total® 12 Anti-Tártaro, GT3 Prevent® Antiplaca). Os CP foram submetidos à escovação simulada por 6 e 12 mesese as avaliações da massa e da rugosidade foram realizadas após cada período de escovação. Resultados: a análise da variação da massa demonstrou que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos e os tempos. A avaliação da rugosidade demonstrou que, após 12 meses de escovação, o GT1 apresentou aumento significativo da rugosidade, quando comparado aos grupos controle e testes, enquanto os grupos GT2 e GT3 apresentaram comportamento semelhante após um ano de escovação, promovendo o polimento superficial do esmalte bovino. Conclusão: a escovação com os dentifrícios antiplaca ou anticálculo não promoveu perda significativa da massa no esmalte bovino e promoveu seu polimento.
Introduction: Antiplaque and anticalculus dentifrices contain in their composition specific agents for the control and reduction of dental biofilm, such as zinc citrate, zinc oxide, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, among others. Objective: To evaluate in vitro the action of antiplaque and anticalculus dentifrices on the variation of mass and surface roughness of bovine enamel submitted to simulated brushing for 6 and 12 months. Metodology: 40 specimens (PB) were randomized and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): control group (GC water) and 3 test groups (GT1 Colgate-Total® 12 Clean Mint, GT2 Colgate-Total® 12 Anti-Tartar, and GT3 Prevent®Antiplaque). The PB were submitted to simulated brushing for 6 and 12 months and the mass and roughness evaluations were performed after each brushing period. Results: The analysis of mass variation showed that there was no significant difference between groups and times. The roughness evaluation showed that after 12 months of brushing, GT1 showed a significant increase in roughness when compared to the control and test groups, while the GT2 and GT3 groups showed similar behavior after one year of brushing, promoting the surface polishing of bovine enamel. Conclusion: Brushing with antiplaque or anticalculus dentifrices did not promote significant mass loss in bovine enamel and promoted its polishing.
Subject(s)
Animals , Periodontal Diseases , Toothbrushing , Biological Products , In Vitro Techniques , Dental Calculus , Dental Enamel , Dentifrices , Intervention StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Hyperthyroidism (Hy) is an endocrine disorder, in which the thyroid hormones markedly alter the cardiac function. Increased myocardial contractility and cardiac output, improvement in diastolic relaxation, changes in electrical activity, increments in ventricular mass, and arrhythmias have been reported. However, the influences of thyroid hormones upon molecular mechanisms of cardiac functions have not yet been fully understood. Objectives: To evaluate changes in cardiac contractile parameters and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) function in induced hyperthyroid rats. Methods: Hy was induced by intraperitoneal injections of T3 (15 μg/100 g) for 10 days. Contractile parameters and NCX function were evaluated in the isolated papillary muscle. Data normality was confirmed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The comparison between groups was performed through an unpaired Student's t-test. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. The accepted significance level was p < 0.05. Results: Our data revealed, in the Hy group, an increase of 30.98% in the maximum speed of diastolic relaxation (-284.64 ± 70.70 vs. -217.31 ± 40.30 mN/mm2/sec (p = 0.027)) and a boost of 149% in the NCX function in late phase of relaxation (20.17 ± 7.90 vs. 50.22 ± 11.94 minutes (p = 0.002)), with no changes in the maximum twitch force (p = 0.605) or maximum speed of systolic contraction (p = 0.208) when compared to the control. Conclusion: The improvement in relaxation parameters is hypothetically attributed to an increase in Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) expression and an increased calcium flow through L-type channels that boosted the NCX function.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Papillary Muscles/physiology , Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/physiology , Hyperthyroidism/complications , Thyroid Hormones , Intervention Studies , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
O insucesso escolar no ensino fundamental brasileiro tem sido objeto de pesquisas e é motivo de preocupação de todos os profissionais que trabalham na área. Neste sentido, o artigo apresenta resultados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo investigar se as intervenções mediadas no jogo com regras explícitas são capazes de desenvolver as funções psicológicas superiores (FPS) e se melhoram o desempenho escolar das crianças com histórico de insucesso escolar. A pesquisa teve como base a Psicologia histórico-cultural, princi-palmente nas ideias de Vygotsky, Elkonin e Leontiev. O método adotado foi o qualitativo, consistiu em uma intervenção, realizada em quatro crianças, entre 7 e 10 anos de idade, estruturada em três etapas: avaliação inicial, intervenção mediada por jogos e avaliação final. Nas avaliações foram utili-zados dois instrumentos: o Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE), aplicado no grupo de crianças e com a família e professores foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os encontros foram gravados e transcritos e as observações anotadas em diário de campo. A técnica de análise dos dados foi de conteúdo do tipo temática e microgenética. Os resultados evidenciaram que o jogo desenvolve as FPS e modifica o desempenho escolar. Conclui-se que o jogo com regras explícitas é um bom mediador entre aprendizagem e desenvolvimento em crianças que apresentam trajetórias de insucesso escolar.
School failure in Brazilian elementary education has been the subject of several studies and it is a matter of concern for all professionals working in this field. This study presents the results of a research that aimed to investigate whether mediated interventions in playing games with explicit rules develop higher psychological functions (HPF) and if they improve school performance of chil-dren with school failure history. The research was based on cultural-historical psychology, mainly on the ideas of Vygotsky, Elkonin and Leontiev. The chosen method was qualitative and consisted of an intervention, applied on four chil-dren between 7 and 10 years old, structured in three stages: initial assessment, intervention mediated by games and final assessment. In the assessments, the School Achievement Test was applied on the children and semi-structured inter-views were conducted with families and teachers. The meetings were recorded and transcribed and the observations were recorded in a field diary. The data analysis methods used were the thematic and microgenetic techniques. The results showed that games develop HPF and modify school performance. It is concluded that games with explicit rules are good mediators between learning and development in children who present school failure trajectories.
El fracaso escolar en la educación primaria brasileña ha sido objeto de investi-gación y es motivo de preocupación para todos los profesionales que trabajan en esta área. El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo investigar si el juego con reglas explícitas en intervenciones mediadas desarrolla funciones psicológicas superiores (FPS) y se mejora el desempeño escolar de los niños con antecedentes de fracaso escolar. La inves-tigación se basa en la psicología histórico-cultural, principalmente en las ideas de Vygotsky, Elkonin y Leontiev. El método es cualitativo, consiste en una intervención, realizada con cuatro niños entre 7 y 10 años, estructurada en tres etapas: evaluación inicial, intervención mediada por el juego y evaluación final. En las evaluaciones se utilizaron dos instrumentos: con los niños, el Test de Desempeño Escolar (TDE) y entrevistas semiestructuradas con la familia y los maestros. Las reuniones fueron grabadas y transcritas y las observaciones fueron registradas en un diario de campo. La técnica de análisis de datos fue de contenido, temática y microgenética. Los resultados mostraron que el juego desarrolla FPS y modifica el rendimiento escolar. Se concluye que el juego con reglas explícitas es un buen mediador entre el aprendizaje y el desarrollo en niños que presentan trayectorias de fracaso escolar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Play and Playthings/psychology , Academic Failure , Psychosocial Intervention/methods , Intervention Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Academic PerformanceABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is classified as an autoimmune, chronic disease affecting diarthrodial joints and periarticular structures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether low-intensity laser treatment (LLLT) and/or exercise reduce the deleterious effects of tissue in a rheumatoid arthritis model. METHODS: 128 rats were divided into two inflammatory periods: acute (7 days) and chronic (28 days) and subdivided into control, injury and treatment. The protocol with Freund's Complete Adjuvant was used in two inoculations, one intradermal and one intraarticular in the tibiofemoral joint, the control animals received saline solution. For treatment, LLLT 660 nm, 5 J/cm² was used in the sensitized joint and climbing exercise in stairways with an overload of 100 grams. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized and the joints were prepared for morphometric analysis of the total thickness, superficial, deep, and cellular density of the articular cartilage. Generalized Linear Models with Sidak post-test were chosen. RESULTS: The control group was found to be different from the lesion group with greater joint cartilage thickness, andthe animals treated with exercise alone increased the joint cartilage compared to thecontrol group. CONCLUSION: The animals treated with laser association and exercise showed improvement in the morphometric aspects of the articular cartilage.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/radiotherapy , Rats/anatomy & histology , Exercise , Cartilage, Articular/anatomy & histology , Freund's Adjuvant , Low-Level Light Therapy , Random Allocation , Intervention Studies , Models, AnimalABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of varied plyometric training (land plyometric training, aqua plyometric training and weighted vest aqua-plyometric training) on anaerobic power of school athletes. A total of forty eight (n= 48) district level school athletes were randomly selected. All the subjects were divided into four equal groups: i) land plyometric training group (n=12), ii) aqua plyometric training group (n=12), iii) aqua-plyometric training with weighted vest group (n=12) and iv) control group (n=12). The varied plyometric training was intervened for fourteen weeks in the respective training groups. In the present study, anaerobic power was considered as the dependent variable, and it was measured by Margaria-Kalamen power test. To draw statistical inferences on anaerobic power among the groups in pre and post intervention conditions, ANCOVA was used, followed by Tukey's LSD post-hoc test. The significance of the means was tested at the 0.05 level. Different plyometric training groups improved significantly with respect to the control group in anaerobic power. Therefore, various plyometric training was found as an effective means for developing anaerobic power. A significant difference was also observed between the aqua-plyometric training with weighted vest group and land plyometric training group in anaerobic power. However, rest of the experimental groups didn't differ significantly. Aqua-plyometric training with weighted vest is a more effective training method than land plyometric training for improving the anaerobic power of the school athletes.
RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi descobrir o efeito do treinamento pliométrico variado (treinamento pliométrico terrestre, treinamento aquapliométrico e treinamento aquapliométrico com colete ponderado) na potência anaeróbica de atletas escolares. Um total de quarenta e oito (n= 48) atletas escolares de nível distrital foram selecionados aleatoriamente. Todos os sujeitos foram divididos em quatro grupos iguais: i) grupo treinamento pliométrico terrestre (n=12), ii) grupo treinamento aquapliométrico (n=12), iii) grupo treinamento aquapliométrico com colete ponderado (n=12) e iv) grupo controle (n=12). O treino pliométrico variado foi intervencionado durante quatorze semanas nos respectivos grupos de treino. No presente estudo, a potência anaeróbia foi considerada como variável dependente e foi mensurada pelo teste de potência de Margaria-Kalamen. Para fazer inferências estatísticas sobre a potência anaeróbica entre os grupos nas condições pré e pós-intervenção, foi utilizada a ANCOVA, seguida do teste post-hoc de Tukey LSD. A significância das médias foi testada no nível 0,05. Diferentes grupos de treinamento pliométrico melhoraram significativamente em relação ao grupo controle na potência anaeróbica. Portanto, vários treinamentos pliométricos foram encontrados como um meio eficaz para o desenvolvimento da potência anaeróbica. Uma diferença significativa também foi observada entre o grupo de treinamento aquapliométrico com colete ponderado e o grupo de treinamento pliométrico terrestre na potência anaeróbica. No entanto, o resto dos grupos experimentais não diferiram significativamente. O treinamento aquapliométrico com colete ponderado é um método de treinamento mais eficaz do que o treinamento pliométrico terrestre para melhorar a potência anaeróbica dos atletas escolares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Athletes/education , Plyometric Exercise/methods , Physical Education and Training/methods , Exercise , Intervention Studies , Mentoring/methods , Water Sports/education , Endurance Training/methodsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chewing gums containing CPP-ACP in remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Enamel blocks from 120 bovine incisors were used. The blocks were flattened and polished, followed by the development of incipient subsurface caries. The blocks have been subjected to a baseline microhardness analysis. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the exposed area of the blocks, reserving an area for hardness analysis. An in situ crossover (three-way crossover phases of 21 days with an interval of one week between them), controlled, randomised and blind experimental model was used, with the participation of 12 volunteers divided into groups: G1 - negative control group, without chewing gum; G2 - conventional sugar-free chewing gum, without CPP-ACP (placebo); and G3 - sugar-free chewing gum with CPP-ACP. The following parameters were analysed: superficial linear (Ra), volumetric roughness (Sa), and superficial structural loss, which was indicated by Gap measurement (difference between the healthy and treated area). Statistical tests used were the Friedman, Wilcoxon and Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal Wallis' nonparametric tests and ANOVA. Results: There was a significant reduction in enamel microhardness after demineralisation in all the groups (p<0.05). This deleterious effect was attenuated in the three groups after the final evaluation, although there were no statistical differences (p<0.05); however, the final values did not return to the baseline values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chewing gum containing CPP-ACP did not promote in situ remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Tooth Remineralization/instrumentation , Chewing Gum , Orthodontic Brackets , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dental Enamel , Intervention Studies , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Mais de um terço dos familiares de pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátricas (UTIP) evoluem com ansiedade, depressão e Transtorno de Estresse Pós- Traumático (TEPT), com consequente diminuição da qualidade de vida e grande impacto social. A estas complicações, alcunhou-se o termo Síndrome Pós-Terapia Intensiva Familiar (PICS- F), com o objetivo de aumentar a conscientização sobre o assunto visto que os dados disponíveis na literatura são ainda escassos e de baixa qualidade. Estratégias que minimizem estes desfechos negativos após a alta vêm sendo adotadas em UTIP de diferentes países. O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar o impacto de um programa de diários hospitalares na incidência de TEPT e de sofrimento psíquico em familiares de pacientes pediátricos criticamente doentes. Entre dezembro de 2019 e dezembro de 2021, realizamos um estudo de intervenção randomizado por clusters e alocado em crossover, com dois braços e dois períodos em quatro UTIP do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram elegíveis os familiares de crianças de 29 dias a 12 anos que estiveram internadas na UTIP por mais de 36 horas por motivos clínicos ou cirúrgicos. O uso de diários de UTIP foi comparado com a prática padrão. Os diários foram preenchidos pela equipe de saúde e familiares, tiveram fotografias inseridas e foram entregues aos familiares na alta da UTIP. Os desfechos primários foram: (a) a incidência de TEPT aferida com o instrumento PCL- 5 (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition); e (b) a incidência de sofrimento psíquico aferida com o instrumento Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS). Ambos os desfechos foram aferidos em familiares de crianças graves, 45 a 60 dias após sua alta da UTIP. Também foi realizada uma análise de sensibilidade para avaliar o impacto de níveis diferentes de adesão ao diário nos desfechos. Um total de 339 participantes foi analisado, 170 no grupo que fez uso do diário e 169 no grupo controle. As características dos participantes foram semelhantes nos dois grupos de estudo. O uso de diários diminuiu em média 2,57 pontos no escore total do PCL 5 dos familiares (IC 95% -2,58 a -2,57; p<0,001) e foi encontrada razão de taxa de incidência (IRR) de 0,60 (IC 95% 0,57 a 0,64; p<0,001), significando uma redução de 40% na incidência de TEPT no grupo intervenção quando comparado ao controle. Com relação ao sofrimento psíquico, o uso de diários resultou em um IRR de 0,78 (IC 95% 0,77 a 0,78). A análise de conteúdo dos diários mostrou que a adesão total foi ainda mais impactante do que a adesão parcial aos diários. Os resultados apresentados nesta tese corroboram a hipótese de que diários têm efeito protetor sobre a incidência de TEPT e de sofrimento psíquico em familiares de crianças criticamente doentes, sendo, portanto, benéficos na prevenção de PICS-F.
More than a third of family members of critically ill children in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) develop anxiety, depression, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with a consequent decrease in quality of life and great social impact. Hence, the term Post- Intensive Family Therapy Syndrome (PICS-F) was created to raise awareness of these complications and define a global research agenda. Data on this theme available in the literature are still scarce and of low quality. After discharge, strategies that minimize these negative outcomes have been adopted in PICUs in different countries. This thesis aimed to evaluate the impact of a hospital diary program on PTSD and psychological distress incidence in family members of critically ill pediatric patients. Between December 2019 and December 2021, we conducted a cluster-randomized, crossover, two-arm, two-period intervention study in four PICUs. Relatives of children aged 29 days to 12 years who were hospitalized in the PICU for more than 36 hours for clinical or surgical reasons were eligible. The use of PICU diaries was compared with standard practice. The diaries were filled in by the health professionals and family members, had photographs inserted, and were handed to family members upon PICU discharge. The primary outcomes were: (a) the incidence of PTSD measured with the PCL-5 instrument (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition); and (b) the incidence of psychological distress measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) instrument. Both outcomes were measured in family members of critically ill children 45 to 60 days after discharge from the PICU. A sensitivity analysis was also performed on adherence to the diary by evaluating its content. A total of 339 participants were analyzed, 170 in the diary group and 169 in the control group. Participant characteristics were similar in the two study groups. The use of diaries decreased an average of 2.57 points in the total PCL-5 score of family members (95% CI -2.58 to -2.57; p<0.001) and an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.60 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.64; p< 0.001), resulting in a 40% reduction in PTSD incidence. Regarding psychological distress, the use of diaries resulted in an IRR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.78). The content analysis of the diaries showed that full adherence was even more impactful than partial adherence to the diaries (IRR 0.68 [CI 95% 0.57 to 0.81] and IRR 0.77 [CI 95% 0. 70 to 0.86], respectively). Therefore, the more complete the diaries, the greater their effect on reducing psychological distress incidence. The results presented in this thesis support the hypothesis that diaries have a protective effect on PTSD and psychological distress in family members of critically ill children and are beneficial in preventing PICS-F.
Subject(s)
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Family , Psychological Distress , Intervention StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Thymoquinone (TQ) has shown hepatoprotective effects in various experimental studies. We aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of TQ regarding its prevention of alpha-amanitin induced hepatotoxicity in human C3A hepatocytes. After administering alpha-amanitin in a concentrations of 1 and 10µg/mL on the cells in a hepatocyte cell line, TQ was administered in various concentrations (10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005 µg/mL). The MTT test was used to determine cell viability. For the groups given only TQ at various concentrations, the cell viability rates at 48 hours post-administration were found at 82.6, 98.3, 102.1, 102.5, 99.4, 99.4, 101.9 and 106.3%, respectively. For the group with 1μg/mL alpha-amanitin and various TQ concentrations, the cell viability rates were found at 74.6, 88.5, 87.4, 88.7, 85.7, 86.8, 88.4, and 92.9%, respectively. For the group with 10μg/mL alpha-amanitin and various TQ concentrations, the cell viability rates for each TQ subgroup were found at 65.2, 79.2, 81.4, 81.1, 81.8, 81.8, 82.2 and 91.9%, respectively. Our study is the first in vitro study that investigates TQ's effects on alpha-amanitin induced hepatotoxicity. Although TQ had beneficial effect in low doses did not significantly increase cell viability in liver damage due to alpha-amanitin toxicity.
Subject(s)
Cell Line/classification , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Intervention Studies , Alpha-Amanitin/administration & dosage , Liver/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii (p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion.
Subject(s)
Periodontitis/microbiology , Biofilms , Psidium/chemistry , Streptococcus gordonii/pathogenicity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Streptococcal Infections , In Vitro Techniques , Intervention Studies , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto de um programa de melhoria da qualidade relacionado aos indicadores de frequência de sondas nasoenterais obstruídas, do tempo despendido pela equipe de enfermagem no preparo e na administração de medicamentos orais por essa via, e dos custos associados ao incidente. Método Estudo de intervenção voltado para a comparação pré (Fase I) e pós (Fase II) implementação de um Programa Melhoria da Qualidade, proposto pelo Institute for Healthcare Improvement . Foram observadas 92 doses de medicamentos na Fase I e 66 doses na Fase II. Foram necessários quatro ciclos Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) para atingir a meta proposta para o programa de melhoria. Resultados Houve redução no tempo médio gasto pelo profissional no preparo e na administração de medicamentos sólidos via sonda nasoenteral em ambas as fases. As frequências de sondas obstruídas reduziram de 33,3% (Fase I) para 7,4% (Fase II) e nenhuma sonda apresentou-se obstruída durante os ciclos 1, 2 e 4. O custo médio da obstrução por paciente foi de R$ 1.251,05 ao mês na Fase I e de R$ 23,31 na Fase II. Após as mudanças testadas, foi verificada economia de tempo para a equipe de enfermagem e de custo para a instituição. Conclusão Os ciclos PDSA foram eficazes na redução de não conformidades no preparo e na administração de medicamentos via sonda nasoenteral. Tal melhoria impactou a frequência de obstrução, os custos relacionados e o tempo médio gasto pelo profissional de enfermagem durante o preparo e a administração das doses.
Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el impacto de un programa de mejora de la calidad relacionado con los indicadores de frecuencia de sondas nasoenterales obstruidas, del tempo invertido por el equipo de enfermería en la preparación y en la administración de medicamentos orales por esa vía y de los costos asociados con el incidente. Métodos Estudio de intervención direccionado para la comparación previa (Fase I) y posterior (Fase II) a la implementación de un Programa Mejora de la Calidad, propuesto por el Institute for Healthcare Improvement . Se observaron 92 dosis de medicamentos en la Fase I y 66 dosis en la Fase II. Se necesitaron cuatro ciclos Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) para alcanzar la meta propuesta para el programa de mejora. Resultados Hubo reducción del tiempo promedio consumido por el profesional en la preparación y en la administración de medicamentos sólidos por sonda nasoenteral en ambas fases. La frecuencia de la obstrucción de las sondas se redujo del 33,3 % (Fase I) para el 7,4 % (Fase II) y ninguna sonda presentó obstrucción durante los ciclos 1, 2 y 4. El costo promedio de la obstrucción por paciente fue de R$ 1.251,05 al mes en la Fase I y de R$ 23,31 en la Fase II. Después de someter a pruebas los cambios, se verificó un ahorro de tiempo para el equipo de enfermería y de costo para la institución. Conclusión Los ciclos PDSA fueron eficaces en la reducción de no conformidades en la preparación y en la administración de medicamentos por sonda nasoenteral. Esa mejora impactó la frecuencia de obstrucción, los costos relacionados y el tiempo promedio consumido por el profesional de enfermería durante la preparación y la administración de las dosis.
Abstract Objective Evaluate the impact of a quality improvement program related to the frequency indicators of obstructed nasogastric tubes, the time the nursing team spent on oral medication preparation and administration through this route, and the costs associated with the incident. Method Intervention study aimed at comparing pre (Phase I) and post (Phase II) implementation of a Quality Improvement Program, proposed by Institute for Healthcare Improvement . Ninety-two medication doses were observed in Phase I and 66 doses in Phase II. Four Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were needed to achieve the proposed target for the improvement program. Results The average time the professional spent on solid medication preparation and administration through nasogastric tube decreased in both phases. Frequencies of obstructed tubes dropped from 33.3% (Phase I) to 7.4% (Phase II) and no probe was obstructed during cycles 1, 2, and 4. The average cost of the obstruction per patient was R$ 1,251.05 per month in Phase I and R$ 23.31 in Phase II. After testing the changes, time savings for the nursing team and cost savings for the institution were verified. Conclusion The PDSA cycles were effective in reducing non-conformities in medication preparation and administration via nasogastric tube. This improvement influenced the obstruction frequency, related costs, and the average time the nursing professional spent on the preparation and administration of the medication doses.
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Humans , Administration, Intranasal , Quality Improvement , Patient Safety , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Stents , Intervention Studies , Administration, OralSubject(s)
Humans , Demography , Population Characteristics , Intervention Studies , Review , Education , Sustainable Development , Age GroupsABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: To evaluate the chronic effects of resistance training on resting blood pressure, handgrip strength, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) in normotensive and hypertensive elderly individuals. Methods: Experimental study based on TREND. Hypertensive patients were diagnosed by an independent doctor. Before and after 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, we evaluated blood pressure, heart rate, body composition, Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, and handgrip strength. Results: Sample consisted of 41 participants divided into two groups (normotensive n = 28; hypertensive n = 13). We observed significant values in the reduction of blood pressure levels only in the group of hypertensive participants. In functionality outcomes, we observed significant values in all tests and both groups. Outcomes contemplate effect sizes ranging from small to moderate. Conclusion: Progressive resistance training lowers resting blood pressure levels, increases handgrip strength, and improves physical functional performance. Although the normotensive group did not show a reduction in blood pressure levels, an improvement was observed in the functional physical tests.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Exercise/physiology , Hand Strength/physiology , Physical Functional Performance , Health Services for the Aged , Hypertension/physiopathology , Intervention StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: To verify the effects of a multimodal exercise program on balance and motor functions, and the differences by sex, in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: The intervention study, was composed of 16 people with PD, that were assessed before and after 16 weeks of interventions with the multimodal exercise program. The effects were analyzed generally and by sex, using the Wilcoxon Test. The significance level was established at 5%. Results: Overall, there was an improvement in the strength of the lower limbs (LL) (p = 0.035) and upper limbs (UL) (p = 0.009), functional mobility (p = 0.003), gait (p = 0.050), balance (p = 0.001) and in motor scores of UPDRS III (p = 0.005), which categorize motor symptoms of the disease. In regards to sex, women affected muscle strength (p = 0.044) and flexibility of LL (p = 0.028), gait (p = 0.018), and motor aspects of the UPDRS III (p = 0.042). The men presented effects in muscle strength of the UL (p = 0.042). Women and men had a significant increase in functional mobility (p = 0.046 and p = 0.027, respectively) and in balance (p = 0.012 and p = 0.042, respectively). There was no significant difference for both sexes, in body mass and the reach behind the backtest. Conclusion: the multimodal exercise program contributed to the improvement in motor function and balance in men and women with PD. Nevertheless, the effects were more significant in women. The comprehension of the differences between men and women grants us a more directional and efficient approach to their treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Exercise , Intervention Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Motor SkillsABSTRACT
The author assumes that practice became prominent in nursing theory in the first two decades of the 21st century. The end of the last century saw a burgeoning of literature on what is known as grand theories, their implementation, and evaluation. The era of healthcare quality research began when the Institute of Medicine issued a report on building a safer health system. At this time, the 21st-century literature in nursing took a distinct turn toward practice, influencing nursing theory. The movement to individualize care acted to further this influence. The nurse and patient relationship is the source of data for knowledge development. Established research approaches such as grounded theory and new approaches such as story theory were being used to create nursing theory from practice. Grand theory work moved to the development of instruments to measure the effects of theory in practice, such as that of Watson and Roy. The middle-range theories were developed and seen as closer to and easier to use in practice. The evidence-based practice movement also contributed to the role of theory in practice. These knowledge developments led to nurses having expanded roles in nursing.
La autora asume que la práctica se volvió prominente en la teoría de la enfermería en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI. Al final del siglo pasado, se vio un florecimiento de la literatura sobre lo que se conoce como grandes teorías, su implementación y evaluación. Además, la era de la investigación sobre la calidad de la atención médica comenzó cuando el Instituto de Medicina publicó un informe sobre la construcción de un sistema de salud más seguro. En ese momento, la literatura de enfermería del siglo XXI dio un giro distinto hacia la práctica, que influyó en la teoría de la enfermería y el movimiento para individualizar el cuidado actuó para promover esta influencia. La relación enfermera-paciente se convierte en la fuente de datos para el desarrollo del conocimiento. Se estaban utilizando enfoques de investigación establecidos, como la teoría fundamentada, y nuevos enfoques, como la teoría de historias, para crear la teoría de la enfermería a partir de la práctica. El trabajo de la gran teoría se trasladó al desarrollo de instrumentos para medir los efectos de la teoría en la práctica, como el de Watson y Roy. Por otra parte, las teorías de rango medio se desarrollaron y se consideraron más cercanas y más fáciles de usar en la práctica. El movimiento de la práctica basada en la evidencia también contribuyó al papel de la teoría en la práctica. Estos desarrollos de conocimiento llevaron a las enfermeras a ampliar sus funciones en la enfermería.
Neste texto, assume-se que a prática se tornou predominante na teoria de enfermagem nas duas primeiras décadas do século XXI. No final do século passado, viu-se o florescimento da literatura sobre o que se conhece como "grandes teorias", sua implementação e evolução. Além disso, a era da pesquisa sobre a qualidade da atenção médica começou quando o Instituto de Medicina publicou um relatório acerca da construção de um sistema de saúde mais seguro. Nesse contexto, a literatura de enfermagem do século XXI deu uma reviravolta diferente no sentido da prática, o que influenciou a teoria de enfermagem, e o movimento para individualizar o cuidado agiu para promover essa influência. A relação enfermeiro-paciente se converteu na fonte de dados para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento. Eram utilizadas abordagens de pesquisa estabelecidas, como a teoria fundamentada, e novas abordagens, como a teoria de histórias, para criar a teoria de enfermagem a partir da prática. O trabalho da grande teoria passou ao desenvolvimento de instrumentos para medir os efeitos da teoria na prática, como o de Watson e Roy. Por sua vez, as teorias de médio alcance foram desenvolvidas e consideradas mais próximas e mais fáceis de usar na prática. O movimento da prática baseada em evidências também contribuiu para o papel da teoria na prática. Esse desenvolvimento de conhecimento levou os profissionais de enfermagem a ampliar suas funções na área.
Subject(s)
Quality of Health Care , Nursing Theory , Intervention Studies , Advanced Practice Nursing , Grounded TheoryABSTRACT
Introdução: O ceceio é um tipo de transtorno dos sons da fala decorrente de alterações nas estruturas orofaciais. Os métodos perceptivo-auditivos de avaliação fonoaudiológica podem gerar dúvidas quanto à natureza do transtorno e, portanto, as avaliações instrumentais são recomendadas para obter um diagnóstico mais preciso e completo. A ultrassonografia dos movimentos de língua permite a visualização em tempo real do movimento da língua durante a fala podendo contribuir na fonoterapia como biofeedback visual ultrassonográfico (BVU). Objetivos: Descrever os gestos articulatórios das fricativas /s/, /z/, /Ê/ e /Æ·/ pré e pós-terapia fonoaudiológica com BVU em uma criança com ceceio anterior. Métodos: Foram avaliados diversos aspectos da fala de uma menina de oito anos com ceceio anterior, e coletadas imagens ultrassonográficas antes e após cinco sessões de terapia utilizando BVU. Foram comparadas as imagens da língua na produção dos sons /s, z, Ê, Æ·/ pré e pós a intervenção fonoaudiológica com BVU. Resultados: Antes do tratamento, a paciente anteriorizava sem elevar a ponta de língua em /s/ e /z/; e em /Ê/ e /Æ·/ também havia anteriorização de ponto articulatório, mas sem interposição. Após a fonoterapia, houve ajuste do ponto articulatório e aquisição da elevação de ponta de língua em /s/ e /z/ resultando em maior constrição de língua em /Ê/ e /Æ·/. Conclusão: A ultrassonografia mostrou-se importante para a caracterização e descrição do ceceio anterior, e o seu uso como BVU permitiu melhora expressiva na produção articulatória por proporcionar automonitoramento durante a fala, num curto período de atendimento.
Introduction: lisping is a type of speech disorder resulting from changes in orofacial structures. The auditory-perceptual methods of speech-language assessment can raise doubts as to the nature of the disorder and, therefore, instrumental assessments are recommended to obtain a more accurate diagnosis. Ultrasonography of tongue movements allows real-time visualization of tongue movement during speech and may contribute to speech therapy as visual biofeedback. Objectives: To describe the articulatory gestures of fricatives /s/, /z/, /Ê/ e /Æ·/ before and after speech therapy with visual ultrasound biofeedback in a child with anterior lisp. Methods: Several aspects of the speech of an eight-year-old girl with previous lisp were evaluated, and ultrasound images were collected before and after 05 therapy sessions using ultrasound as instrumental biofeedback. The images of the tongue in the production of sounds /s, z, Ê, Æ·/ were compared before and after the speech therapy intervention. Results: Before treatment, the patient anteriorized without raising the tip of the tongue in /s/ and /z/; in /Ê/ and /Æ·/ there was anteriorization of the articulation point, but without interposition. After speech therapy, he adjusted the articulation point and acquired tongue tip elevation in /s/ and /z/ and presented greater tongue constriction in /Ê/ and /Æ·/. Conclusion: Ultrasonography proved to be important for the diagnosis and description of the previous lisp, and its use as biofeedback allowed a significant improvement in articulatory production due to its self-monitoring during speech, in a short period of care.
Introducción: el ceceo es un tipo de trastorno del habla resultante de cambios en las estructuras orofaciales. Los métodos auditivo-perceptivos de evaluación del habla y el lenguaje pueden generar dudas sobre la naturaleza del trastorno y, por lo tanto, se recomiendan evaluaciones instrumentales para obtener un diagnóstico más preciso. La ecografía de los movimientos de la lengua permite la visualización en tiempo real del movimiento de la lengua durante el habla y puede contribuir a la terapia del habla como biorretroalimentación visual. Objetivos: Describir los gestos articulatorios involucrados en la producción del habla de un niño con ceceo previo y compararlos antes y después de la logopedia con biofeedback visual por ultrasonido. Métodos: Se evaluaron varios aspectos del habla de una niña de ocho años con ceceo previo, y se recolectaron imágenes de ultrasonido antes y después de 05 sesiones de terapia utilizando ultrasonido como biofeedback instrumental. Se compararon las imágenes de la lengua en la producción de sonidos /s, z, Ê, Æ·/ antes y después de la intervención logopédica. Resultados: antes del tratamiento, el paciente realizó una anteriorización sin levantar la punta de la lengua en /s/ y /z/; en /Ê/ y /Æ·/ hubo anteriorización del punto de articulación, pero sin interposición. Después de la logopedia, ajustó el punto de articulación y adquirió elevación de la punta de la lengua en /s/ y /z/ y presentó mayor constricción de la lengua en /Ê/ y /Æ·/. Conclusión: La ecografía demostró ser importante para el diagnóstico y descripción del ceceo previo, y su uso como biofeedback permitió una mejora significativa en la producción articulatoria debido a su autocontrol durante el habla, en un corto período de atención.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Tongue/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Speech Sound Disorder , Speech/physiology , Speech Therapy , Intervention StudiesABSTRACT
Introdução: o tabagismo é uma das principais causas evitáveis de mortes no mundo representando um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: investigar a relação da exposição passiva à fumaça principal do cigarro e as possíveis alterações histomorfométricas das células gliais, arteríolas e da matriz extracelular do nervo olfatório de ratas. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo experimental, analítico e quantitativo. Vinte ratas randomizadas divididas em dois grupos, controle e tabaco, foram expostas à inalação da fumaça principal do cigarro por 60 dias utilizando dispositivo validado na literatura. Resultados: a exposição à inalação da fumaça principal do cigarro resultou em alterações significativas no grupo tabaco, tais como, elevação nos níveis de cotinina no plasma sanguíneo, aumento na espessura da parede dos vasos sanguíneos, aumento na porcentagem do colágeno total do tecido, diminuição no número total de astrócitos e aumento no número total de micróglias. Conclusão: a exposição à fumaça principal do cigarro resulta em alterações histomorfométricas que poderiam causar alterações funcionais no nervo olfatório como perda sensorial olfativa. Os achados constatados são fortes o suficiente para servir como alerta a toda a população e às autoridades de saúde, no que se refere às leis antifumo, principalmente em ambientes fechados.
Introduction: smoking is one of the main preventable causes of death in the world and represents a worldwide public health problem. Objective: to investigate the relationship of second hand tobacco smoke and possible histomorphometric changes of glial cells, arterioles and extracellular matrix of the olfactory nerve in rats. Methodology: experimental, analytical and quantitative study, twenty wistar animals randomized into two control and tobacco groups, were exposed to inhalation of main cigarette smoke for 60 days using a device validated in the literature. Results: exposure to inhalation of main cigarette smoke resulted in changes in the tobacco group, such as increased levels of cotinine in the blood plasma, increased thickness of the blood vessel wall, increased percentage of total tissue collagen, decreased in the total number of astrocytes and increase in the total number of microglia. Conclusion: exposure to main cigarette smoke results in histomorphometric changes that can cause changes in the olfactory nerve such as sensory olfactory loss. Our findings are strong enough to serve as a warning to the entire population and to health authorities in relation to smokefree laws especially in closed environments.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Olfactory Nerve , Rats , Tobacco Use Disorder , Neuroglia , Collagen , Tobacco Products , Anatomy , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods , Intervention StudiesABSTRACT
Introdução:O processo de trabalho em saúde tem sido cada vez mais estudado, pois possui uma dimensão subjetiva capaz de interferir na saúde da população. Objetivo: avaliar o processo de trabalho desenvolvido na Atenção Básica da região nordeste brasileira voltado para as doenças crônicas, através do resultado apresentado nos dois primeiros ciclos do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica.Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo. Para tal, foram utilizados dados secundários provenientes do módulo II do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica sobre o processo de trabalho das equipes de Atenção Básicaespecificamente da região nordeste brasileira. Resultados:Houve melhor adesão dos participantes quantitativamente falando, todavia, menos médicos participaram do segundo ciclo quando comparado com o primeiro. Outro ponto a ser destacado foi a mudança do cenário das taxas de internação e mortalidade por hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus quando comparado entre os anos estudados. Conclusões:Concluiu-se que há necessidade de uma maior atenção às açõesrealizadas com os portadores de doenças crônicas na região estudada, pois nota-se que a força de trabalho, quando estimulada e incentivada, pode mudar a realidade local e, consequentemente, os indicadores de saúde (AU).
Introduction:The health work process has been increasingly studied, as it has a subjective dimension capable of interfering in the population's health. Objective:to evaluate the work process developed in Primary Care in the northeast region of Brazil focused on chronic diseases, through the result presented in the first two cycles of the National Program to Improve Access and Quality of Primary Care.Methodology:Texto do método em inglês. Results:This is an exploratory and descriptive study. For this purpose, secondary data from the National Program to Improve Access and Quality of Primary Care module II areused on the work process of the Primary Care teams specifically from the Northeast of Brazil. Conclusions:It was concluded that there is a need for greater attention to actions taken with patients with chronic diseases in the region studied, as it was found that the workforce, when stimulated and encouraged, can change the local reality and, consequently, the health indicators (AU).
Introducción: El proceso de trabajo en salud se ha estudiado cada vez más, ya que tiene una dimensión subjetiva capaz de interferir en la salud de la población. Objetivo: evaluar el proceso de trabajo desarrollado en Atención Primaria en el Nordeste de Brasil con enfoque en enfermedades crónicas, a través del resultado presentado en los dos primeros ciclos del Programa Nacional para Mejorar el Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria.Metodología: Este es uno estudo exploratório e descritivo. Para tanto, são utilizados dados secundários do módulo II do Programa Nacional para Mejorar el Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria sobre o processo de trabalho das equipes daAtenção Básica especificamente da região Nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: Texto dos resultados em espanhol.Conclusiones: Se concluyó que existe la necesidad de una mayor atención a las acciones que se realicen con los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en la región estudiada, ya que se encontró que la fuerza laboral, cuando se estimula y estimula, puede cambiar la realidad local y, en consecuencia, los indicadores de salud (AU).