Reemplazar o no la patela. ¿Cuándo y por qué? / Replace or not the patella. When and why?

Cambiar, o no, la patela ha sido motivo de controversia durante muchos años. Las complicaciones asociadas al aparato extensor y el dolor anterior de rodilla representan un problema recurrente en la cirugía protésica de rodilla. En prótesis total de rodilla (PTR) nos encontramos con tres principales posibilidades: siempre cambiar la patela, nunca cambiarla, o hacer un recambio selectivo dependiendo de las características del paciente. En caso de no realizar recambio, se han descripto procedimientos asociados como la pateloplastia o la denervación de la patela. Y los autores que postulan recambio selectivo han evidenciado diversos factores que ayudarían a tomar la decisión, tales como el índice de masa corporal, grado de artrosis, edad, o anatomía patelar, entre otros. Existe una vasta cantidad de publicaciones científicas en torno al recambio patelar. En esta revisión de la literatura se discutirá qué dice la evidencia respecto de las opciones descriptas (recambio selectivo, siempre o nunca) y se concluirá con la opinión de los autores sobre lo más adecuado según la evidencia

Whether to change the patella, or not, has been a matter of controversy for many years. Complications associated with the extensor apparatus and anterior knee pain represent a recurring problem in knee replacement surgery.In total knee prosthesis (TKP) we find three main possibilities: always change the patella, never change it, or make a selective replacement depending on the patient characteristics. If replacement is not performed, associated procedures such as patelloplasty or patella denervation have been described. And the authors who postulate selective replacement have evidenced various factors that would help to make the decision, such as: body mass index, osteoarthritis degree, age, or patellar anatomy, among others.There is a vast number of scientific publications on patellar turnover. In this review of the literature, we will discuss what the evidence says regarding the options described (selective replacement, always or never) and it will conclude with the opinion of the authors on what is most appropriate according to the evidence

Evaluation of the Reproducibility of the Schatzker Classification Reviewed by Kfuri for Tibial Plateau Fractures / Avaliação da reprodutibilidade da classificação de Schatzker revisada por Kfuri para as fraturas do planalto tibial

Abstract Objective The Schatzker classification is the most used for tibial plateau fractures. Kfuri et al.12 reviewed Schatzker's initial classification describing in more detail the involvement of the tibial plateau in the coronal plane, allowing a better understanding of the fracture pattern and a more accurate surgical planning. The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the interobserver agreement of these classifications and to evaluate the influence of the experience of the observer on the reproducibility of the instruments. Methods An observational and retrospective study was conducted by evaluating the radiological study of 20 adult individuals with tibial plateau fractures, including radiographs and computed tomography (CT). The fractures were classified once by 34 examiners with varied experience (24 specialists and 10 residents in Orthopedics and Traumatology), according to the Schatzker classification and to the modification proposed by Kfuri. The Fleiss Kappa index was used to verify interobserver agreement. Results The interobserver agreement index was considered moderate for the Schatzker classification (κ = 0.46) and mild for the Kfuri modification (κ = 0.30). The Schatzker classification showed moderate agreement, with κ = 0.52 for residents and κ = 0.45 among specialists. The Kfuri classification showed mild agreement, with Kappa values for residents and specialists of 0.39 and 0.28, respectively. Conclusion The Schatzker classification and the classification modified by Kfuri presented moderate and mild interobserver agreement, respectively. In addition, the residents presented higher agreement than the specialists for the two systems studied.

Resumo Objetivo A classificação de Schatzker é a mais utilizada para as fraturas do planalto tibial. Kfuri et al.12 revisaram a classificação inicial de Schatzker descrevendo com mais detalhes o envolvimento do planalto tibial no plano coronal, permitindo uma melhor compreensão do padrão de fratura e um planejamento cirúrgico mais acurado. Os objetivos do presente estudo são avaliar a concordância inter-observador dessas classificações e avaliar a influência da experiência dos observadores na reprodutibilidade dos instrumentos. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo observacional e retrospectivo, por meio da avaliação do estudo radiológico de 20 indivíduos adultos com fraturas do planalto tibial, incluindo radiografias e tomografia computadorizada (TC). As fraturas foram classificadas 1 vez por 34 examinadores com experiência variada (24 especialistas e 10 residentes em Ortopedia e Traumatologia), de acordo com a classificação de Schatzker e com a modificação proposta por Kfuri. O índice Kappa de Fleiss foi usado para verificar a concordância interobservadores. Resultados O índice de concordância inter-observador foi considerado moderado paraa classificação de Schatzker (κ = 0,46) e leve para a modificação de Kfuri (κ = 0,30). A classificação de Schatzker apresentou concordância moderada, com κ = 0,52 para residentes e κ = 0,45 entre os especialistas. A classificação de Kfuri apresentou concordância leve com valores de Kappa para residentes e especialistas de 0,39 e 0,28, respectivamente. Conclusão A classificação de Schatzker e a classificação modificada por Kfuri apresentaram concordância interobservadores moderada e leve, respectivamente. Além disso, os residentes apresentaram concordâncias superiores aos especialistas para os dois sistemas estudados.

Protetización temprana y seguimiento de paciente pediátrico con hemimelia tibial / Early Fitting and Follow-Up of A Pediatric Patient with Tibial Hemimelia

Introducción: La hemimelia tibial es una entidad poco frecuente, presente hasta en 1:1.000.000 nacidos vivos. Tiene una asociación genética autosómica recesiva, y se presenta con cambios en la morfología del miembro inferior con una tibia ausente o presente parcialmente, además de cambios en peroné, rodilla y pie. Según su clasificación se puede manejar con reconstrucción quirúrgica de la extremidad o amputación. La posibilidad de una prótesis temprana favorece el resultado funcional del paciente y su adaptación protésica. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una entidad poco común tratada con desarticulación a nivel de la rodilla y prótesis por su grado de compromiso. Presentación de caso: Paciente femenina de tres años con compromiso del miembro inferior derecho. Los primeros años usó una prótesis artesanal fabricada por su familia. Fue valorada por la Junta Médica de rehabilitación y ortopedia que decidió intervención quirúrgica para desarticulación de la rodilla. Se realizó protetización temprana en busca de beneficios de cicatrización, control del edema y adaptación postquirúrgica. Se realizan controles posteriores con ajustes a la prótesis de acuerdo con las necesidades propias de la edad de la paciente. Conclusiones: Se muestra una adecuada evolución postquirúrgica, sin dolor o neuropatía, con un reinicio temprano de la marcha y progreso adecuado de su neurodesarrollo e integración social, lo que da una pauta de manejo en paciente pediátrico con este tipo de deformidades(AU)

Introduction: Tibial hemimelia is a rare entity, reported in up to 1:1,000,000 live births. It has an autosomal recessive genetic association, and it presents with changes in the morphology of the lower limb with an absent or partially present tibia, as well as changes in the fibula, knee, and foot. Depending on its classification, it can be managed with surgical reconstruction of the limb or amputation. The possibility of an early prosthesis favors the functional result of the patient and his prosthetic adaptation. Objective: To report the case of a rare entity treated with knee disarticulation and prosthesis due to its degree of compromise. Case report: The case of a three-year-old female patient with compromise of the lower right limb is reported here. The first years she used a handmade prosthesis made by her family. She was assessed by the Medical Board of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, which decided to undergo surgery for knee disarticulation. Early fittings were performed in search of healing benefits, edema control and post-surgical adaptation. Subsequent controls were carried out with adjustments to the prosthesis according to the needs of the patient's age. Conclusions: An adequate post-surgical evolution is shown, without pain or neuropathy, with early resumption of gait and adequate progress of their neurodevelopment and social integration, which provides recommendation for management in pediatric patients with this type of deformity(AU)

Alineamiento en prótesis total de rodilla: cuestionando los paradigmas / Alignment in knee prosthesis

La artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) es un procedimiento altamente exitoso, sin embargo, podemos encontrar pacientes insatisfechos. Aunque la insatisfacción posterior a una ATR es un problema multifactorial, existe un interés creciente en el alineamiento como causa modificable del problema. El alineamiento ideal en ATR aún sigue siendo motivo de controversia y se describen muchas técnicas. La técnica clásica y más utilizada es el alineamiento mecánico, pero existen otros como el anatómico, mecánico ajustado, cinemático, cinemático reverso y el recientemente descripto alineamiento funcional. En esta revisión narrativa se detallan las técnicas de alineamiento más utilizadas, sus beneficios y problemas, y se comentan cuáles podrían ser los nuevos lineamientos que podrían guiar las técnicas de alineamiento en los próximos años

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly successful procedure; however, we can find dissatisfied patients. Although post-TKA dissatisfaction is a multifactorial problem, there is growing interest in alignment as a modifiable cause of the problem. The ideal alignment in TKA is still controversial and many techniques are described. The classic and most used technique is mechanical alignment, but there are others such as anatomical, adjusted mechanical, kinematic, reverse kinematic alignment and the recently described functional alignment. This narrative review details the most used alignment techniques, their benefits and problems, and comments on what could be the new guidelines that could guide alignment techniques in the coming years

Reemplazo total de rodilla asistido por el robot ROSA / ROSA Robotic-assisted total knee replacement

El reemplazo total de rodilla es un procedimiento con excelentes resultados, siempre y cuando se alcancen los objetivos de alineación y balance ligamentario. El confort y el bienestar posoperatorios se logran mediante un implante adecuado para cada paciente y el correcto posicionamiento de la prótesis. El sistema robótico ROSA utiliza información recolectada antes de la cirugía y durante esta, y le otorga al cirujano las herramientas necesarias para reproducir la anatomía específica de cada paciente. De esta manera, se logran implantes personalizados basados en los reparos anatómicos de cada individuo y en una planificación a partir de datos biométricos concretos. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Total knee replacement is a procedure with excellent outcomes as long as the objectives of alignment and ligament balance are met. Postoperative comfort and well-being are achieved through a suitable implant for each patient and the correct positioning of the prosthesis. The ROSA robotic system uses information collected before and during surgery, and provides the surgeon with the necessary tools to reproduce the specific anatomy of each patient. In this way, personalized implants are achieved based on the anatomical landmarks of each individual and planning based on specific biometric data. Level of evidence: IV

Trasplante meniscal con aloinjerto cadavérico en adolescente con meniscopatía por menisco discoideo / Meniscal allograft transplantation in adolescent with meniscectomy

La incidencia de lesiones meniscales en adolescentes ha aumentado debido a la creciente tendencia, en este grupo de edad, de realizar actividades deportivas, una mayor sospecha diagnóstica y mejora en los métodos para su detección. Estas lesiones suelen asociarse a otras patologías, como lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior o la presencia de menisco discoideo, un factor de riesgo importante. El menisco discoideo fue descripto por primera vez por Young en 1889, es una variación congénita morfológica del menisco lateral o medial, caracterizado por una hipertrofia central y un diámetro mayor de lo normal. Puede ser asintomático o manifestarse con dolor, bloqueo, chasquidos e hinchazón. El tratamiento histórico era la meniscectomía completa, la que se asociaba a cambios degenerativos articulares tempranos, por lo que actualmente se preconiza la saucerización como tratamiento de elección; además, se describe el trasplante meniscal como procedimiento de salvataje, en caso de daño meniscal irreparable. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de doce años sometida a este procedimiento con antecedentes de múltiples intervenciones quirúrgicas en la rodilla izquierda, incluida la meniscectomía parcial, sin resultado clínico favorable. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

The incidence of meniscal injuries in adolescents has increased due to the growing tendency to perform sports activities in this age group, greater diagnostic suspicion, and improvement in diagnostic methods. They are usually associated with other pathologies, such as anterior cruciate ligament injuries and an important risk factor is the presence of a discoid meniscus. The discoid meniscus, first described by Young in 1889, is a congenital morphological variation of the lateral or medial meniscus, characterized by central hypertrophy and a larger diameter than normal meniscus. It can be asymptomatic or manifest with pain, blockage, clicking and swelling. The historical treatment was complete meniscectomy, which was associated with early degenerative joint changes, nowadays saucerization is recommended as the treatment of choice. In addition, the meniscal transplant is described as a salvage procedure, in case of irreparable meniscal damage. We present the case of a twelve-year-old female patient who underwent this procedure with a history of multiple surgical interventions on the left knee, including partial meniscectomy, without a favorable clinical result. Level of Evidence: IV

Osteotomia valguizante de tibia aditiva medial: analisis de dos tipos de implante / Valgus tibial osteotomy. Two surgical alternatives

La osteotomía valguizante de tibia es un procedimiento comúnmente utilizado para la corrección del deseje en varo con el objetivo de restaurar el eje neutro. Existen dos alternativas quirúrgicas: osteotomía de apertura y de cierre. Los implantes utilizados para la osteotomía de apertura ofrecen ciertas ventajas y también desventajas. El objetivo de esta nota técnica es describir y comparar dos tipos de implante diseñados para las osteotomías valguizantes de tibia proximal: la placa Puddu y la placa TomoFix™. Nivel de Evidencia: V

The valgus tibial osteotomy is a procedure commonly used for the correction of the varus displacement with the objective of restoring the neutral axis. There are two surgical alternatives, opening and closing osteotomy. The implants used for opening osteotomy offer certain advantages and disadvantages. The objective of this technical note is to describe and compare two types of implants designed for valgus osteotomies of the proximal tibia: the Puddu plate and the TomoFix™ plate. Level of Evidence: V

Técnica miniinvasiva de doble incisión de Arciero modificada para la reconstrucción del complejo posterolateral de la rodilla / Posterolateral knee complex reconstruction. Arciero technique with a two-incision mini-invasive approach

Las lesiones de la esquina posteroexterna de la rodilla son poco frecuentes y están habitualmente asociadas a otras lesiones ligamentarias. El tratamiento quirúrgico es de elección, busca recuperar la estabilidad y prevenir el deterioro progresivo articular, y mejorar la función. Los resultados con las técnicas de reconstrucción son superiores a los obtenidos con reparación. Numerosas técnicas han sido descriptas para la reconstrucción del ángulo posteroexterno de la rodilla. El objetivo de la siguiente publicación es presentar la técnica de Arciero para la reconstrucción del complejo posterolateral de la rodilla, con técnica mínimamente invasiva de doble incisión

Posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries of the knee are uncommon. These injuries are frequently associated with other ligamentous injuries. Surgical treatment should be addressed in order to restore joint stability, improving overall function and preventing serious joint degeneration and articular damage. Reconstruction techniques have shown better results than repair techniques, and they can be performed by using different surgical approaches. The objective is to present the posterolateral knee complex reconstruction Arciero technique with a two-incision mini-invasive approach

META analysis of mobile bearing and fixed bearing unicondyle replacement for medial knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate of the clinical effects of mobile-bearing(MB) and fixed-bearing(FB) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis by Meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#The literature on FB UKA and MB UKA in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, Cochrane and EMBASE database were searched by computer from January 2000 to April 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two authors were selected independently and the selected literature was evaluated for quality.After literature data were extracted, Review Manager 5.3 software was used to analyze knee function score, postoperative activity, revision rate, polyethylene wear rate, pad dislocation, aseptic loosening, postoperative pain, knee arthritis progression, mechanical shaft alignment of lower limbs, and imaging clarity line respectively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 13 literatures were included in this meta-analysis, including 2 randomized controlled studies and 11 cohort studies. A total of 1 871 patients were included, including 913 in FB UKA group and 958 in MB UKA group. Meta analysis results showed that:postoperative knee joint function score[MD=-0.84, 95%CI(-1.46, -0.21), P=0.008] and postoperative knee joint range of motion [MD=-1.51, 95%CI(-2.84, -0.18), P=0.03] in FB UKA group were better than those in MB UKA group. Compared with FB UKA group, MB UKA group had a higher lower limb mechanical axis alignment rate[OR=2.08, 95%CI(1.27, 3.39), P=0.003], and the wear rate of polyethylene [OR=0.11, 95%CI(0.01, 0.91), P=0.04] was lower. There were no differences between two groups in the renovation rate [OR=1.16, 95%CI(0.75, 1.80), P=0.50), liner dislocation rate[OR=3.78, 95%CI(0.93, 15.29), P=0.06], aseptic loosening [OR=2.11, 95%CI(0.81, 5.51), P=0.13], postoperative pain[OR=1.13, 95%CI(0.37, 3.43), P=0.83], osteoarthritis progression[OR=1.28, 95%CI(0.67, 2.47), P=0.46)and imaging radiolucent line[OR=1.62, 95%CI(0.09, 30.22), P=0.75].@*CONCLUSION@#FB UKA has a higher postoperative functional score and range of motion.MB UKA has more advantages in the correction of lower limb mechanical axis, and the wear rate of polyethylene is also lower. There was no significant difference between the two groups in revision rate, dislocation of the liner, aseptic loosening, postoperative pain, progression of osteoarthritis, and postoperative translucency.

Coronal curvature of tibial leads to malalignment of tibial prosthesis after total knee arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of tibial coronal curvature on the alignment of tibial prosthesis in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).@*METHODS@#From July 2019 to April 2021, 100 patients with knee osteoarthritis were treated with total knee arthroplasty. Before operation, the full-length films of lower limbs were taken and the tibial bowing angle(TBA) was measured. TBA more than 2° was tibial bending, which was divided into tibial bending group and non bending group. There were 40 cases in tibial bending group, 9 males and 31 females, aged 56 to 84 years old with an average of (69.22±7.10) years. There were 60 cases in the non bending group, 19 males and 41 females, aged from 51 to 87 years old with an average of (70.80±7.21) years. The preoperative tibial length (TL) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were measured and compared between the two groups. The full-length X-rays of the lower limbs were taken again 3 days to 1 week after operation. The medial angle of the tibial component coronal aligement angle (TCCA) and the outilier rate of force line of the tibial prosthesis were measured and compared between the two groups. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between TCCA and age, TCCA and height, TCCA and weight, TCCA and BMI, TCCA and TBA, TCCA and TL, TCCA and MPTA; Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between TCCA and gender, TCCA and Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L) grade.@*RESULTS@#All 100 patients successfully completed the operation and obtained satisfactory full-length X-rays in standing position. There was no significant difference in TL, MPTA and TCCA between bending group and non bending group(P>0.05). The outilier rate of force line in tibial bending group was 22.5%, and that in non bending group was 6.67%, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The correlation study found that TCCA was strongly correlated with TBA(r=-0.702, P<0.01), weakly correlated with MPTA(r=0.311, P<0.01), and had no correlation with other parameters(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty, tibial bending will lead to poor force line of tibial prosthesis. During operation, attention should be paid to osteotomy of proximal tibial vertical tibial mechanical axis and correct installation of prosthesis to avoid poor alignment of prosthesis.

Effect of computer navigation gap balance technology on lower limb recovery after total knee arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of computer navigation gap balance technology on the recovery of lower limb function after total knee arthroplasty.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 106 patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent total knee arthroplasty from July 2018 to June 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into measurement osteotomy group and space balance group according to different osteotomy techniques during total knee arthroplasty. There were 61 cases in osteotomy group, 24 males and 37 females;The age ranged from 45 to 77(63.35±4.26) years;According to K-L classification, 41 cases were grade Ⅲ and 20 cases were grade Ⅳ. intraoperative measurement osteotomy was performed. There were 45 cases in the gap balance group, 17 males and 28 females;Age 45 to 78(64.03±4.31) years;According to K-L classification, 29 cases were classified as grade Ⅲ and 16 cases as grade Ⅳ. computer navigation gap balance technology was implemented. The amount of intraoperative bleeding, operation time, incision length, hospital stay and postoperative complications were compared between two groups. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by Knee Society score(KSS) before operation and 12 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#Total of 106 patients were followed up for 12 to 18(20.38±3.25) months. There were significant differences in intraoperative bleeding and operation time between two groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in incision length and hospital stay between the two groups(P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, the total score of KSS in the gap balance group (173.59±14.50) was better than that in the osteotomy group (164.95±12.10)(P<0.05). There were no serious complications of poor prosthesis loosening between two groups during follow-up, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of other complications between two groups(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The application of computer navigation gap balance technology in total knee arthroplasty is conducive to the recovery of lower limb function in patients with OA, and there are no serious adverse complications and high safety.

Patient factors influencing preoperative expectations of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expectations of patients for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to analyze its influencing factors.@*METHODS@#Experimental design: Single center, retrospective, multiple regression analysis. The data including the age, height, and weight of 108 patients undergoing unilateral TKA due to end-stage osteoarthritis were obtained. The patients' preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee arthroplasty expectation score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) score, Knee Society score (KSS), the MOS 36-item short-from health survey (SF-36) score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated, and the 30-second chair-stand test (30-CST), 40-meter fast-paced walk test (40-FPWT), 12-level stair-climb test (12-SCT), 3-meter timed up-and-go test (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), and recorded daily steps for 7 consecutive days were performed. The SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The observed values of various data were described. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between various parameters, and the multi-factor linear regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of the patients preoperative expectation scores.@*RESULTS@#The average expectation score of this group of patients was 58.98±5.44. In the Pearson correlation analysis, the patient's preoperative expectation had a weak correlation to the result of the patient's 12-SCT, TUG, 6-MWT, KSS function score, and SF-36 mental component score (correlation coefficient 0.1-0.3). The patient's preoperative expectation had a moderate correlation to the patient's daily average steps, 30-CST, 40-FPWT, KSS, WOMAC and its pain, stiffness, function scores, SF-36 physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, vitality, and physical component score (correlation coefficient 0.3-0.6). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, only the results of 30-CST and the role-physical, bodily pain and vitality in the SF-36 scale were related to the patient's expectation score (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The estimated expectation score of patients before TKA is not high. Patients with more severe preoperative pain, worse physical function, and lower overall health are more eager to improve after surgery. Thus surgeons must communicate fully with patients with unrealistic expectations before surgery in order to obtain more satisfactory results postoperatively.

Treatment of chronic refractory wound with autologous platelet-rich plasma in a hemophilia A patient after knee joint surgery / 中华烧伤杂志

On December 22, 2017, a 35-year-old male hemophilia A patient with a secondary chronic refractory wound after left knee joint surgery was transferred from the Department of Hematology of Maoming People's Hospital to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery in the same hospital. The physical examination revealed that the patient's left knee joint was swollen, with a full-thickness skin defect wound of 4 cm×4 cm on the lateral side of the joint and a large number of dark red blood clots at the bottom of the wound. The wound bleeding was controlled by intravenous infusion of plasma, cryoprecipitate, and human coagulation factor Ⅷ. After con- ventional debridement and dressing changes until the wound infection was controlled and necrotic tissue was removed, a subcutaneous cavity wound of 2 cm×2 cm in area and 3 cm in depth remained in the left knee joint and was difficult to heal. Nineteen days after transfer, the patient received autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment, and 32 days after PRP treatment, the wound in left knee joint was healed with epithelialization. This case suggests that autologous PRP therapy would be a good option for hemophilia complicated chronic refractory wounds when they could not be repaired by surgery.

Rotational alignment of the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty:a narrative review / 中华外科杂志

Component malrotation is one of the major causes of failure in total knee arthroplasty.Based on previous researches,Insall line has excessive external rotation tendency.Although Akagi line is the most recognized anatomical axis at present,it still has a certain tendency of internal rotation.The tibial posterior condylar axis is not suitable for symmetrical component and yet the Curve-on-Curve technique is not suitable for anatomic component.In addition,reference to any fixed anatomical markers cannot ensure the rotation consistency of tibiofemoral component in extension position.Although range of motion technique is beneficial to tibiofemoral rotation synchronization,its clinical effect seems to be unstable.Nevertheless,Patients can obtain good postoperative results with all major techniques.Before the recognized "gold standard" is defined,orthopedic surgeons can determine the rotation alignment of tibial component according to their most accustomed surgical method.With a deeper understanding of knee anatomy,biomechanics and kinematics,digital assistive technology may be expected to become a breakthrough in the tibial rotational alignment.

Robotic arm-assisted arthroplasty: The latest developments / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Joint arthroplasty is an effective method for treating end-stage joint lesions and damages. Robotic arm-assisted arthroplasty, a rapidly developing technology that combines navigation technology, minimally invasive technology, and precise control technology of the robotic arm, can achieve accurate preoperative planning, optimal selection of implants, minimally invasive surgery, precise osteotomy, and accurate placement of the artificial joint. It has the characteristics of high accuracy and stability, and thus is more and more widely used in the field of joint surgery. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the application and clinical efficacy of robotic arm-assisted technology in hip and knee arthroplasty to provide reference for its future promotion.

Proximal tibiofibular stabilization by anatomical ligamentoplasty and diaphyseal osteotomy of the fibula / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Proximal tibiofibular instability is a rare condition for which treatment is poorly codified. A 21-year-old patient, a leisure sportswoman, presented a post-traumatic anterolateral instability of the proximal tibiofibular articulation without cartilage lesion. We propose an original surgical technique based on a review of the literature that combines an anatomical ligamentoplasty of the proximal tibiofibular joint and a proximal fibular diaphyseal osteotomy to reduce the distal tibiofibular mechanical stresses. This original technique allows a favorable evolution with recovery of professional and sports activities at 6 months.

Reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior en niños preadolescentes con técnica extrafisaria intra y extraarticular con autoinjerto de bandeleta iliotibial / ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients with intra and extraarticular technique with iliotibial band autograft

Introducción: el propósito de este trabajo es hacer una evaluación retrospectiva clínica, funcional e imagenológica de una serie de pacientes con esqueleto inmaduro Tanner I y II intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante la técnica de preservación fisaria de reconstrucción extra e intraarticular con autoinjerto de bandeleta iliotibial, técnica de Micheli. Evaluar si existieron alteraciones del crecimiento o angulares relacionadas con la cirugía. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron un total de veintidós rodillas en veinte pacientes con edad ósea promedio de 10.1 años y un seguimiento promedio de 5.6 años. Se realizó una evaluación clínica de movilidad, estabilidad incluyendo artrometría KT-1000, escalas funcionales y valoración por imágenes de discrepancia de longitud de miembros inferiores, alteraciones angulares y evaluación de integridad por resonancia magnética.Resultados: no hubo déficit de la movilidad con respecto a la rodilla contralateral, el test de Lachman, Pivot shift y la evaluación con KT-1000 fue normal en el 91, 95 y 95% de los pacientes, respectivamente. Se presentaron dos re-rupturas del injerto (9%). No hubo deformidades angulares del fémur o tibia ni discrepancia longitudinal de las extremidades inferiores. Las escalas funcionales mostraron un IKDC de 95.4 y un IKDC pediátrico de 92.3 en los pacientes a los que se les alcanzó a aplicar esta escala. Lysholm de 94.1 y un Tegner de 7 con un retorno al mismo deporte o actividad que causó la lesión del 90%. En la evaluación por resonancia magnética, el 100% de los pacientes que no presentaron re-ruptura tuvieron integridad del injerto. Conclusión: el procedimiento quirúrgico es seguro, reproducible, restaura la estabilidad anteroposterior y rotacional de la rodilla, sin causar alteraciones del crecimiento en este grupo poblacional, obteniendo excelentes puntajes en las escalas de valoración subjetivas, y un alto índice de retorno deportivo con un porcentaje menor de re-rupturas. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: the purpose of this paper is to retrospectively evaluate clinical, functional and imagenological outcomes of a series of patients with skeletal immaturity Tanner 1 and 2, surgically intervened by physis preservation intra and extra articular reconstruction with iliotibial band autograft method described by Micheli. Evaluate growth or angular disturbances related to the surgical technique. Materials and methods: twenty-two knees in twenty patients with average bone age 10.1 years were evaluated with a 5.6 year follow up. Clinical evaluation of ROM and stability was made by arthrometry KT-1000, functional scales were applied, image evaluation of length discrepancy, angular deformity and integrity evaluation by magnetic resonance were also done. Results: no ROM deficit compared with the contralateral knee was observed, Lachman, Pivot shift tests and KT-1000 evaluation were normal in 91, 95 and 95% of patients, respectively. There were two cases of graft rupture (9%). No angular femoral or tibial deformities or length discrepancies were observed. Functional scales showed IKDC 95.4, pediatric IKDC 92.3 in patients who underwent the scale, Lysholm 94.1 and Tegner 7 with return to sports of 90% to pre level activity. 100% of patients without graft rupture had graft integrity in the RM evaluation. Conclusion: the surgical technique is safe and reproductible, restores anteroposterior and rotational stability of the knee without growth arrest in this population, obtaining excellent scores in subjective rating scales, high return to sports index with low rerupture rates. Level of Evidence: IV

Evaluación de la reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial en esqueleto inmaduro. Estudio comparativo de dos técnicas / Medial patellofemoral reconstruction in skeletally immature. Comparative study of two techniques

Introducción: La luxación patelofemoral representa el 3% de las lesiones traumáticas de la rodilla. Dos tercios se producen en menores de veinte años. La recidiva luego del segundo episodio supera el 50%, lo que puede causar gran limitación funcional en pacientes jóvenes, disminuyendo su calidad de vida. El ligamento patelofemoral medial (LPFM) es el principal estabilizador medial de la rótula a 30° de flexión. En la actualidad su reconstrucción anatómica, preservando la fisis, parece ser la mejor opción en los pacientes con esqueleto inmaduro. Materiales y métodos: estudiamos el resultado funcional de dos grupos de pacientes tratados con dos técnicas diferentes de reconstrucción del LPFM, una anatómica con semitendinoso autólogo (ST) y otra no anatómica con hemitendón cuadricipital autólogo (QT). Ambos grupos fueron evaluados mediante el score de Kujala antes de la cirugía y durante el seguimiento. Las medias y los ítems del score se compararon utilizando la prueba de Wilcoxon.Resultados: veintidós rodillas fueron evaluadas, once en cada grupo. La edad de los pacientes varió entre ocho y quince años. La media de seguimiento fue de 19.4 meses. Los resultados muestran una mejora en la media del score de Kujala de 51 a 88 en el grupo QT, y de 52 a 97 en el grupo ST (ambos con valor-p = 0.003). No se encontró una diferencia significativa entre ambas técnicas. Solo se registró un caso de reluxación (grupo QT). Conclusiones: podemos afirmar que la reconstrucción del LPFM es una opción válida para la luxación patelofemoral, y las técnicas propuestas son confiables

Introduction: Patellofemoral dislocation accounts for 3% of traumatic knee injuries, with two-thirds occurring in patients under twenty years of age. Recurrence after the second episode is greater than 50%, which can cause great functional limitation in young patients, reducing their quality of life. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the main medial stabilizer of the patella at 30° flexion, currently its anatomic reconstruction preserving the physis appears to be the best option in patients with immature skeleton. Materials and methods: functional results of two groups of patients treated by two different techniques of MPFL reconstruction were evaluated. One anatomic technique, with autologous Semitendinosus (ST) and the other non-anatomic, with autologous quadricipital hemi tendon (QT). Both groups were evaluated through the Kujala score before surgery and during follow-up. Means and score items were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results: twenty-two knees were evaluated, eleven in each group. Patient's age ranged between eight and fifteen years old. The mean follow-up was 19.4 months. An improvement in the average Kujala scores for the ST group from 51 to 88 and in the QT group from 52 to 97 was shown. Kujala score was statistically significantly higher in the postoperative evaluation with both technics (p-value 0.003 for both groups), no differences were found between both technics. Only one case of patella redislocation was registered during the study period (QT group). Conclusions: we can affirm that MPFL reconstruction is a valid therapeutic option for patellofemoral dislocation and the proposed techniques are reliable choices

Resolución quirúrgica de inestabilidad anterior de rodilla en pacientes con fisis abiertas. Técnicas quirúrgicas / Surgical treatment of anterior knee instability in children with open physis. Surgical techniques

Introducción: La lesión de LCA en niños con fisis abierta va en aumento debido a una mayor participación en deportes de contacto y al diagnóstico precoz. El tratamiento conservador de este tipo de lesiones está asociado al desarrollo de lesiones secundarias condrales y meniscales por lo que, sobre la base de la bibliografía actual, su tratamiento en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros con inestabilidad anterior de rodilla objetiva y sintomática es quirúrgico. Materiales y métodos: en el siguiente trabajo se presenta una revisión de dieciocho pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros con reconstrucción de LCA y un seguimiento promedio de veintiséis meses (entre doce y cincuenta y seis) evaluados con los scores Lysholm, Tegner e IKDC, y telemetrías postoperatorias con mejoría de los scores funcionales permitiendo el retorno al mismo nivel de actividad deportiva en la mayoría de los casos. Conclusión: en esta población, no se han observado cambios en la angulación del miembro intervenido en las telemetrías postoperatorias de control, ni en el desarrollo de alteraciones del crecimiento. Tipo de estudio: Serie de Casos. Nivel de evidencia: IV

Introduction: ACL injury in children with open physis is increasing due to greater participation in contact sports and early diagnosis. Conservative treatment of this type of injury is associated with the development of secondary chondral and meniscal injuries, so based on current literature the treatment of this type of injury in skeletally immature patients with objective and symptomatic anterior knee instability is surgical. Materials and methods: the following work presents a review of eighteen skeletally immature patients with ACL reconstruction and an average follow-up of twenty-six months (between twelve and fifty-six months) evaluated with the Lysholm, Tegner and IKDC scores and postoperative telemetries with improvement in functional scores allowing return at the same level of sports activity in most cases. Conclusion: in this population, no changes in the angulation of the operated limb have been observed in the postoperative control telemetries or the development of growth alterations in any case. Type of study: Case series. Level of evidence: IV

Ruptura inveterada del tendón patelar. Reconstrucción con tendones semitendinoso y recto interno / Neglected rupture of patellar tendon. Reconstruction with semitendinosus and gracilis tendon autografts

Introducción: La ruptura inveterada del tendón patelar es una patología poco común y significa un reto para su resolución quirúrgica. El ascenso de la patela, la fibrosis en el lugar de la ruptura y la imposibilidad de afrontar los extremos del tendón hacen que su reparación primaria sea imposible, teniendo que recurrir a su reconstrucción con injerto. En este trabajo se describe la reconstrucción del tendón patelar con la utilización de injerto autólogo de semitendinoso - recto interno, técnica quirúrgica basada en los trabajos de Ecker y col.1 y Van der Zwaal y col.,2 con algunas modificaciones.Materiales y métodos: se intervinieron ocho pacientes, todos de sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de treinta y ocho años (22-50). El lapso entre la ruptura y el procedimiento quirúrgico fue en promedio de sesenta días (87­40). El tiempo de seguimiento postoperatorio fue en promedio de once meses (7­18). Resultados: todos lograron extensión completa de la rodilla y una flexión activa promedio de 130° (125-140°). El resultado fue excelente en seis de ellos y bueno en dos pacientes. El score postoperatorio de Lysholm fue de 92 (90-96). En la evaluación radiográfica presentaron un índice de Insall Salvati promedio de 1.16 (1.1­1.3). Estos dos últimos resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos (p <0.005) comparados con el preoperatorio.Conclusión: la ruptura inveterada del tendón patelar es una patología poco frecuente, cuya resolución quirúrgica es un reto para el cirujano ortopedista, la técnica descripta en este trabajo ofrece seguridad en su reconstrucción, y ofrece una recuperación íntegra del aparato extensor. Tipo de estudio: Serie de casos, retrospectivo. Nivel de evidencia: IV

Introduction: Neglected rupture of the patellar tendon is a rare pathology and is a challenge for its surgical resolution. The migration of the patela, fibrosis at the site of rupture and the impossibility of facing the ends of the tendon make its first repair impossible having to resort to its reconstruction with graft. This work describes the reconstruction of the patellar tendon semitendinosus and gracilis autograft, surgical technique based on the work of Ecker and col.1 and Van der Zwaal and col.2 with some modifications.Materials and methods: eight patients, all male, were involved with an average age of thirty-eight years (22-50). Whose time lapse between the rupture and the surgical procedure was on average sixty days (87­40). The postoperative follow-up was on average eleven months (7­18).Results: all achieved full knee extension and an average active flexion of 130° (125-140°). The result was excellent in six of them and good in two patients. Lysholm's post-operative score was 92 (90-96). In the radiographic evaluation they had an average Insall Salvati index of 1.16 (1.1 ­ 1.3). These last two results were statistically significant (p <0.005) compared to preoperative.Conclusions: the neglected rupture of the patellar tendon is a rare pathology, whose surgical resolution is a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon, the technique described in this work offers safety in the reconstruction of this ligament and offers a complete recovery of the extensor mechanism. Type of study: Case series, retrospective. Level of Evidence: IV