ABSTRACT
Abstract During the first half of the twentieth century, Western psychiatry was quickly absorbed in Japan, particularly the versions from Germany and Austria. By 1940, over 130 psychiatric hospitals were caring for approximately thirty thousand patients in cities, while in rural areas about sixty thousand people still depended on family members for care. Japan's empire expanded during this same period, and many immigrants came to the country. Growth in immigration from Korea was particularly important. Korean immigrants encountered Japanese psychiatric hospitals during the second quarter of the twentieth century, and this paper examines the complex nature of their hospital stays.
Resumo Ao longo da primeira metade do século XX, a psiquiatria ocidental foi rapidamente absorvida no Japão, particularmente as versões advindas da Alemanha e da Áustria. Em 1940, mais de 130 hospitais psiquiátricos cuidavam de cerca de trinta mil pacientes nas cidades, enquanto nas áreas rurais cerca de sessenta mil pessoas ainda dependiam dos cuidados de familiares. No mesmo período, o império japonês expandiu-se, e muitos imigrantes vieram para o país. Particularmente importante foi o crescimento da imigração coreana. Hospitais psiquiátricos japoneses e imigrantes coreanos se encontraram no segundo quartel do século XX. O artigo examina a complexidade dessas estadas hospitalares.
Subject(s)
Psychiatry/history , Emigrants and Immigrants , Hospitals, Psychiatric , History, 20th Century , Japan , KoreaABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Metopic suture can be visualized from the nasion to the bregma along the arch of the frontal bone in mid-sagittal plane. Persistent metopic suture normally closing between 1st and 2nd year of life has also been related with ethnicity. The present study reports the presence of complete and incomplete metopic sutures in Nepalese and Korean population skulls which helps to shed light on its incidence rate. Out of 121 adult skulls in Nepalese population, metopic suture was found to be present in 33 skulls. Incomplete metopic sutures showed variations of morphology, like linear (6.61 %), V-shaped (8.26 %) and double incomplete (10.74 %) and two cases with complete metopic suture, which showed variation in interdigitation between its anterior and posterior ends. Korean population showed metopic suture to be present in 8 skulls out of 104 with metopism in 3 skulls. Incomplete metopic sutures like double incomplete (1.92 %) and linear (2.88 %) were also noted. Alterations to local strains could be the contributing factor for such variation and complexity of interdigitation, which occur during the growth of the braincase. The knowledge of the metopic suture and its variations according to ethnicity is important and should be considered to prevent wrong diagnosis. The presence of different types of metopic sutures as reported by the present study provides informative value on the presence and variation of such sutures in population depending on ethnicity and ought to be helpful in diagnostic sequences in emergency setting.
RESUMEN: La sutura metópica se puede visualizar desde nasión hasta el bregma a lo largo del arco del hueso frontal en el plano mediano sagital. La sutura metópica persistente que normalmente se cierra entre el primer y segundo año de vida, también se ha relacionado con el origen étnico. El presente estudio informa la presencia de suturas metópicas completas e incompletas en los cráneos de la población nepalesa y coreana, lo que además de entregar información sobre su tasa de incidencia. De 121 cráneos adultos en la población nepalesa, en 33 de ellos se encontró la sutura metópica. Las suturas metópicas incompletas mostraron variaciones de la morfología, como lineal (6,61 %), en forma de V (8,26 %) y doble incompleta (10,74 %), además de dos casos con sutura metópica completa, que mostraron variación en la interdigitación entre sus extremos anterior y posterior. De los 104 cráneos de la población coreana en 8 se presentó la sutura metópica y en 3 metopismo. También se observaron suturas metópicas incompletas como doble incompleta (1,92 %) y lineal (2,88 %). Las alteraciones en las etnias locales podrían ser el factor contribuyente para tal variación y complejidad de la interdigitación, que ocurre durante el crecimiento de la cráneo. El conocimiento de la sutura metópica y sus variaciones según el origen étnico es importante y debe considerarse para prevenir un diagnóstico incorrecto. La presencia de diferentes tipos de suturas metópicas según lo informado en el estudio, proporciona un valor informativo sobre la presencia y la variación de tales suturas en la población, dependiendo de la etnia, y debería ser útil en las secuencias de diagnóstico en situaciones de emergencia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cranial Sutures/abnormalities , Prevalence , Frontal Bone/abnormalities , Korea/ethnology , Nepal/ethnologyABSTRACT
The Big Data Research Committee of the Korean Society of Gastroenterology conducted activities and researches with three goals. First, it provides the basis for proper and cost-effective treatment of digestive diseases in Korea. Second, it carries out population-level global research by establishing a system of big data analysis related to gastroenterology. Third, it provides the members of the Korean Society of Gastroenterology with the opportunity to plan and assess the public interest related to big data. The studies published by the committee members in this paper were carried out under these objectives, and the findings are believed to have achieved the public interest goals that may be helpful in the current medical and health policy. The construction of the big data infrastructure for digestive drugs is also underway, and we expect to see meaningful results pertaining to important digestive drugs. Research using public health medical big data, such as the National Health Insurance Corporation data base, should ultimately provide a basis for reflecting public messages and policies for the public. To this end, it is necessary for Korean researchers to lead efforts to lower the barriers and to approach relevant information and opportunities using big data research.
Subject(s)
Committee Membership , Gastroenterology , Health Policy , Korea , National Health Programs , Public Health , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Oak is the dominant tree species in Korea. Oak pollen has the highest sensitivity rate among all allergenic tree species in Korea. A deep neural network (DNN)-based estimation model was developed to determine the concentration of oak pollen and overcome the shortcomings of conventional regression models. METHODS: The DNN model proposed in this study utilized weather factors as the input and provided pollen concentrations as the output. Weather and pollen concentration data were used from 2007 to 2016 obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration pollen observation network. Because it is difficult to prevent over-fitting and underestimation by using a DNN model alone, we developed a bootstrap aggregating-type ensemble model. Each of the 30 ensemble members was trained with random sampling at a fixed rate according to the pollen risk grade. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, we compared its performance with those of models of regression and support vector regression (SVR) under the same conditions, with respect to the prediction of pollen concentrations, risk levels, and season length. RESULTS: The mean absolute percentage error in the estimated pollen concentrations was 11.18%, 10.37%, and 5.04% for the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. The start of the pollen season was estimated to be 20, 22, and 6 days earlier than that predicted by the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. Similarly, the end of the pollen season was estimated to be 33, 20, and 9 days later that predicted by the regression, SVR and DNN models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the DNN model performed better than the other models. However, the prediction of peak pollen concentrations needs improvement. Improved observation quality with optimization of the DNN model will resolve this issue.
Subject(s)
Korea , Pollen , Quercus , Rhinitis, Allergic , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal , Seasons , Trees , WeatherABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces immunological tolerance, and there is increasing evidence of the clinical efficacy of AIT in the treatment of allergic asthma. However, the optimal parameters for asthma control in clinical trials are still unclear. We investigated the efficacy of AIT with respect to changes in the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose in patients with allergic asthma. METHODS: A total of 117 adults with allergic asthma who had used ICS for more than 1 year in a single tertiary hospital in Korea were included in this retrospective study. We compared the clinical parameters and outcomes between the AIT group (ICS with AIT, n = 48) and the non-AIT group (ICS without AIT, n = 69) by applying an inverse probability of treatment weighting method. The patients in the AIT group had received subcutaneous AIT monthly as a maintenance treatment for more than 1 year. The changes in the ICS dose from baseline were evaluated in the 2 groups for 3 years. RESULTS: The proportion of responders who discontinued or decreased in the ICS dose with achieving control status of asthma was significantly higher in the AIT group than in the non-AIT group throughout the study period (at 6 months, 52.1% vs. 24.6%; at 1 year, 70.8% vs. 34.7%; at 2 years, 89.5% vs. 35.6%; at 3 years, 96.3% vs. 51.2%). Treatment responses did not differ significantly by type of allergen (single- or multi-allergens or 3 different products) used throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of the type of allergen, long-term maintenance AIT helps to spare ICS dose and achieve better control in patients with allergic asthma in real-world clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Asthma , Desensitization, Immunologic , Immunomodulation , Korea , Methods , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: While there is an urgent need for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs), current genetic tests have drawbacks. We retrospectively reviewed the usefulness of flow cytometry (FCM) as a quick tool for immunophenotyping and functional assays in patients suspected to have PIDs at a single tertiary care institute.METHODS: Between January 2001 and June 2018, patients suspected of having PIDs were subjected to FCM tests, including lymphocyte subset analysis, detection of surface- or intracellular-target proteins, and functional analysis of immune cells, at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. The genetic diagnosis was performed using Sanger or diagnostic exome sequencing.RESULTS: Of 60 patients diagnosed with definite or probable PID according to the European Society of Immune Deficiencies criteria, 24 patients were provided with useful information about immunological dysfunction after initial FCM testing. In 10 patients, the PID diagnosis was based on abnormal findings in FCM testing without genetic tests. The FCM findings provided strong evidence for the diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency (n = 6), X-linked chronic granulomatous diseases (CGD) (n = 6), leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (n = 3), X-linked agammaglobulinemia (n = 11), autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome-FASLG (n = 1), and familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (n = 1), and probable evidence for autosomal recessive-CGD (n = 2), autosomal dominant-hyper-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-syndrome (n = 1), and STAT1 gain-of-function mutation (n = 1). In PIDs derived from PIK3CD (n = 2), LRBA (n = 2), and CTLA4 mutations (n = 3), the FCM test provided useful evidence of immune abnormalities and a tool for treatment monitoring.CONCLUSIONS: The initial application of FCM, particularly with known protein targets on immune cells, would facilitate the timely diagnosis of PIDs and thus would support clinical decisions and improve the clinical outcome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Agammaglobulinemia , Diagnosis , Exome , Flow Cytometry , Genetic Testing , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic , Immunophenotyping , Korea , Leukocytes , Lymphocyte Subsets , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic , Phenotype , Retrospective Studies , Seoul , Severe Combined Immunodeficiency , Tertiary HealthcareABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The pollen calendar is the simplest forecasting method for pollen concentrations. As pollen concentrations are liable to seasonal variations due to alterations in climate and land-use, it is necessary to update the pollen calendar using recent data. To attenuate the impact of considerable temporal and spatial variability in pollen concentrations on the pollen calendar, it is essential to employ a new methodology for its creation.METHODS: A pollen calendar was produced in Korea using data from recent observations, and a new method for creating the calendar was proposed, considering both risk levels and temporal resolution of pollen concentrations. A probability distribution was used for smoothing concentrations and determining risk levels. Airborne pollen grains were collected between 2007 and 2017 at 8 stations; 13 allergenic pollens, including those of alder, Japanese cedar, birch, hazelnut, oak, elm, pine, ginkgo, chestnut, grasses, ragweed, mugwort and Japanese hop, were identified from the collected grains.RESULTS: The concentrations of each pollen depend on locations and seasons due to large variability in species distribution and their environmental condition. In the descending order of concentration, pine, oak and Japanese hop pollens were found to be the most common in Korea. The pollen concentrations were high in spring and autumn, and those of oak and Japanese hop were probably the most common cause of allergy symptoms in spring and autumn, respectively. High Japanese cedar pollen counts were observed in Jeju, while moderate concentrations were in Jeonju, Gwangju and Busan.CONCLUSIONS: A new methodology for the creation of a pollen calendar was developed to attenuate the impact of large temporal and spatial variability in pollen concentrations. This revised calendar should be available to the public and allergic patients to prevent aggravation of pollen allergy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alnus , Ambrosia , Artemisia , Asian People , Betula , Climate , Corylus , Cryptomeria , Forecasting , Ginkgo biloba , Hypersensitivity , Korea , Methods , Poaceae , Pollen , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal , SeasonsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To identify causative agents of the drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) by using the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KIDS-KAERS) database (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) in Korea and to check their labeling information regarding anaphylaxis.METHODS: Among Individual Case Safety Reports from January, 2008 to December 2017, cases of DIA were analyzed for demographics, causative agents and fatal cases resulting in death. The domestic drug labeling, Micromedex and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug package insert, were reviewed to check if the labeling information on suspected causative agents contains anaphylaxis.RESULTS: A total of 4,700 cases of DIA were analyzed. The mean age was 49.85±18.32 years, and 2,642 patients (56.2%) were females. Among 8,664 drugs reported as causative agents, antibiotics (27.4%) accounted for the largest portion. There were 18 fatal cases: antibiotics (7 cases), antineoplastic agents (4 cases) were the major causative drugs for the mortality cases. Of 513 drugs reported as suspected causative agents, 103 (20.1%) did not list anaphylaxis as an adverse effect on domestic drug labeling and 16 (3.1%) did not reflect anaphylaxis in any of 3 adverse drug information.CONCLUSION: Analysis of 10-year data showed that antibiotics were the main cause of DIA and the mortality rate was 0.7%. In 3.1% of suspected drugs, there was no description of anaphylaxis in any of the drug labeling.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Anaphylaxis , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antineoplastic Agents , Demography , Drug Labeling , Korea , Mortality , Pharmacovigilance , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Recently, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Korean children has been increased. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of rhinitis and to compare clinical parameters between AR and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) in children.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,034 children under 18 years of age who visited Korea University Anam Hospital for rhinitis symptoms from January 2008 to December 2017. Clinical data, including clinical features, comorbidities, blood test results, allergen sensitization profile, and pulmonary function test parameters, were collected.RESULTS: Among the 1,034 children with rhinitis, 737 (71.3%) were AR and 297 (28.7%) were NAR. The prevalence of AR gradually increased with age. The median levels of eosinophil count (4.1%), serum total IgE (204.4 IU/L), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration (17.9 µg/L), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) (22.0 ppb) were significantly higher in children with AR than in those with NAR. The sensitization rate to the inhalant allergens increased with age; however, food allergen sensitization rate tended to decrease. Median levels of eosinophil count, total IgE, ECP, and FeNO were significantly higher in the poly-sensitized group than in the mono-sensitized and nonsensitized groups.CONCLUSION: More than 70% of Korean children who have rhinitis symptoms are AR. Children with AR more likely to have higher levels of FeNO and bronchial asthma. Poly-sensitized children showed increased rates of atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Allergens , Asthma , Comorbidity , Dermatitis, Atopic , Eosinophil Cationic Protein , Eosinophils , Hematologic Tests , Immunoglobulin E , Korea , Medical Records , Nitric Oxide , Prevalence , Respiratory Function Tests , Retrospective Studies , Rhinitis , Rhinitis, AllergicABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Allergic rhinitis is the most common atopic disease and the most common chronic disease of children. Eosinophil count and percentage in nasal smear are useful for differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between nasal eosinophil count and percentage.METHODS: Between January 2017 and August 2018, 221 children patients with a clinical history of rhinitis were tested at the outpatient respiratory and allergy unit of the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea. Nasal secretion was collected by swabbing a children's nasal inferior turbinate 3–4 times with a cotton swab and then placed on to a glass slide. Later, the smear was stained by Giemsa stain.RESULTS: This is the first study to assess the comparison of nasal eosinophil count and percent. There is a positive correlation between nasal eosinophil count and percent Y=1.02 X+2.82 (Y=Eosinophil count, X=Eosinophil percentage). To determine the usefulness of nasal eosinophil count and percentage in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, we analyzed receiver operating characteristic curves. The cutoff value of the nasal eosinophil count was 6.5/high-power field, and that of the nasal eosinophil ratio was 3% for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.CONCLUSION: In patients with suspected rhinitis, one of the values of nasal eosinophil count or percentage can be used in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Azure Stains , Chronic Disease , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Eosinophils , Glass , Hypersensitivity , Korea , Outpatients , Pediatrics , Rhinitis , Rhinitis, Allergic , ROC Curve , TurbinatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of asthma exacerbation (AE) and the predictive value of spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in school children have not been evaluated.OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of spirometry measurement and FeNO monitoring for predicting AE in school children in the Cheongju area in Korea.METHODS: With parental agreement, we studied 170 students aged 7–12 years. Children were evaluated by an asthma specialist using baseline spirometry, skin prick test, seasonal FeNO measurement, and asthma control test. The study participants underwent a physical examination and their medical history was also evaluated by the specialist. They were assessed for asthma control status during regular doctor visits for 1 year.RESULTS: In total, 160 children (94.1%) completed follow-up and FeNO monitoring. Of which, 26 children (16.3%) had AE. AE was associated with male children and children with allergic rhinitis (p < 0.05). While, children with AE tended to have higher FeNO than those without AE, no significant difference was found. The maximum value of FeNO ≥35 ppb was associated with AE (p < 0.05). Children with AE had a significantly decreased baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC), %predicted, forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of FVC (FEF(25%–75%)). FEV₁/FVC < 80% was associated with AE in children regardless of inhalant allergen sensitization (all p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Baseline spirometry had a predictive value of AE in school children. Sensitive spirometric parameters such as FEV₁/FVC and FEF(25%–75%) can be used as prognostic factors to predict future childhood AE. FeNO value ≥ 35 ppb during monitoring was associated with AE in school children.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Asthma , Follow-Up Studies , Forced Expiratory Volume , Incidence , Korea , Nitric Oxide , Parents , Physical Examination , Rhinitis, Allergic , Seasons , Skin , Specialization , Spirometry , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
This study investigated how physical and cognitive function and psychological factors affected the health-related quality of life (HRQoL, hereafter HQ) of stroke patients in South Korea. The study enrolled 32 right-handed subjects with chronic cerebral infarction with disability and preserved cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination ≥ 20). Physical disability was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Korean modified Barthel Index (KMBI). Quality of life was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Abbreviated form (WHOQOL-BREF, hereafter WB) and the 36-Item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36) in face-to-face interviews. Psychological distress was investigated using the Beck Depression Inventory Scale-II. The associations of each domain of WB and SF-36 were investigated using Pearson correlation analyses. Physical disability was negatively correlated with HQ in the SF-36. The physical function and bodily pain scales of the SF-36 were negatively correlated with physical disability. The general health domain of the SF-36 was negatively correlated with psychological scores. Emotional status was associated with physical health, social relationships, and general health in HQ. In summary, the severity of physical disability was associated with the patient's general and physical health and body pain. These findings suggest the importance of psychological, cognitive, and physiological interventions for improving the quality of life of patients after cerebral infarction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebral Infarction , Cognition , Depression , Health Surveys , Korea , Psychology , Quality of Life , Stroke , Weights and Measures , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate factors affecting the return home one year after a stroke. The subjects of this study consisted of patients who participated in a large-scale multi-objective cohort study of initial stage stroke patients who were admitted to 9 representative hospitals in Korea. We analyzed the distribution of the subjects who had experienced stroke a year earlier by distinguishing the group who returned home and the other group that was hospitalized in rehabilitation hospitals. Based on this distribution, we evaluated the demographic, environmental, clinical, and psychological factors that can affect the return home. Overall, there were 464 subjects in the ‘Return home’ group and 99 subjects in the ‘Rehabilitation hospitalization’ group. job status, inconvenient housing structures, residential types, diagnosis, Functional Ambulation Categories, modified Rankin Scale, Korea-Modified Barthel Index, Function Independence Measure, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination, Korean version of Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test, Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, EuroQol-five Dimensional showed a significant difference between the 2 groups one year after the stroke. The factors affecting the return home one year after a stroke include functional status, activities of daily living, cognition, depression, stress, quality of life, job status. It is expected that factors affecting the rehabilitation of patients with stroke can be considered as basic data for establishing rehabilitation goals and treatment plans.
Subject(s)
Humans , Activities of Daily Living , Aphasia , Cognition , Cohort Studies , Depression , Diagnosis , Housing , Korea , Mass Screening , Patient Discharge , Psychology , Quality of Life , Rehabilitation , Stroke , WalkingABSTRACT
Physicians play a central role in the fields of medical service, research, and industry, so it is imperative to produce well-qualified doctors. Medicine is composed of science and arts, both necessary for its practice, and thus, the education outcomes in basic medical education in a medical school include basic biomedical sciences, social sciences and clinical sciences. Adequate science competencies create a deeper and better understanding of scientific knowledge, concepts, and methods fundamental to clinical science, and contribute to the scientific, technological, and clinical developments. The science competencies are primarily obtained by studying basic medicine in basic medical education, which has been criticized for failing to do so sufficiently in Korea. The failure is attributed to insufficient education time, teachers, and budgets, but the most critical factor is the lack of awareness regarding the importance of the science competencies of the physicians. Such ignorance also affects the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). The KMLE tests competency in clinical sciences, preventive medicine, and medical laws, but not in basic biomedical sciences, which might result in insufficient science competency of the physicians and a decrease in the overall quality of the medical health service. Tests must be urgently introduced in KMLE on the competencies of basic biomedical sciences to improve the science competency of the physicians. The representative organizations of the medical society should take vigorous actions for the introduction of the basic medicine examination in KMLE.
Subject(s)
Budgets , Education , Education, Medical , Fibrinogen , Health Services , Jurisprudence , Korea , Licensure , Preventive Medicine , Schools, Medical , Social Sciences , Societies, MedicalABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to compare the relationships between physical activity (measured using an accelerometer vs. self-reported) and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Differences in accelerometry physical activity between 10-minute bouts and total bouts were also compared.METHODS: Data originated from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression was used to predict cardiovascular disease risk from physical activity levels.RESULTS: Self-reported physical activity could not significantly predict the odds of having cardiovascular risk. However, the insufficiently active group classified according to the total-bout physical activity had significantly greater odds of having hypertension or prehypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00–1.82), diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.01–3.19), and dyslipidemia (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.17–2.36) than the highly active group. Regarding the 10-minute bout physical activity, the inactive group had significantly greater odds of having only hypertension or prehypertension (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.02–2.76) than the highly active group.CONCLUSION: Total-bout physical activity measured using an accelerometer could significantly predict the cardiovascular disease risk compared to 10-minute bout physical activity. However, self-reported physical activity could not significantly predict the cardiovascular disease risk.
Subject(s)
Accelerometry , Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetes Mellitus , Dyslipidemias , Hypertension , Korea , Logistic Models , Motor Activity , Nutrition Surveys , Prehypertension , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Self ReportABSTRACT
Research on physical activity and health is actively being conducted. In the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was newly introduced in 2014. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of physical activity and related factors in Koreans who were assessed through the GPAQ by dividing the physical activity by occupation, leisure, and transport domain. This study used data from the KNHANES (2014–2016), the study population of which included 17,357 participants aged 12 to 80 years. We compared the differences in physical activity by sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and psychological health-related factors. Moreover, we also compared the mean metabolic equivalent of task and daily sitting time according to physical activity domain by sex and age group. Finally, we investigated the sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and psychological health-related factors that significantly affect the average physical activity per week. The various factors were found to differ in the frequency of physical activity levels. In addition, there was a difference in the amount of physical activity per occupation, leisure, and transport domain in each age group. Finally, age, sex, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, arthritis, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis, sleeping time, and perceived health status significantly affected physical activity. The levels of physical activity significantly differed by sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and psychological health-related factors. There was also a difference in the physical activity levels according to the age and sex per each domain of physical activity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis , Cholesterol , Korea , Leisure Activities , Lipoproteins , Metabolic Equivalent , Motor Activity , Nutrition Surveys , Occupations , Physical Fitness , Public Health , Rhinitis, Allergic , Risk Factors , Sinusitis , Social Determinants of Health , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index Short Form (WOMAC-SF) for the assessment of musculoskeletal disorders. We evaluated whether WOMAC-SF correlated with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 12 (WHODAS-12) and Kaigo-Yobo questionnaires for assessing health-outcomes in Korea.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the Namgaram-2 cohort. WOMAC, WOMAC-SF, WHODAS-12, and Kaigo-Yobo questionnaires were administered to patients with musculoskeletal disorders, including radiology-confirmed knee osteoarthritis (RKOA), sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. The relationships among WOMAC-SF, WHODAS-12, and Kaigo-Yobo scores were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression analysis.RESULTS: WOMAC-SF was associated with the WOMAC questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis for the hypothesized model with two latent factors, pain and function, provided satisfactory fit indices. WOMAC-SF pain and function were associated with RKOA. Kaigo-Yobo was associated with WOMAC-SF pain (B=0.140, p=0.001) and WOMAC-SF function (B=0.042, p=0.004). WHODAS-12 was associated with WOMAC-SF pain (B=0.679, p=0.003) and WOMAC-SF function (B=0.804, p<0.001).CONCLUSION: WOMAC-SF was validated for the evaluation of low extremity musculoskeletal disorders and health-related quality of life in a community-based population. Furthermore, we confirmed that WOMAC-SF were reflective of disability and frailty, which affect health outcomes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Appointments and Schedules , Arthritis , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Extremities , Korea , Ontario , Osteoarthritis, Knee , Osteoporosis , Quality of Life , Sarcopenia , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the surveillance reports of adverse events (AEs) due to different types of pneumococcal vaccines, in addition to detecting and validating signals of pneumococcal vaccines by comparing AEs with labels.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the percentages of AEs according to vaccine type [pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPSVs) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs)] in children and adults using data from the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database from 2005 to 2016. A signal was defined as an AE that met all three indices of data mining: proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), and information component (IC). We validated the detected signals by calculating sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values of the signals against label information.RESULTS: Of the 39933 AE reports on vaccination, 5718 (7.0%) were related to pneumococcal vaccine. The most frequent AE after vaccination with PPSV was fever (23.9%) in children and injection-site reaction in adults. The most frequent AE after vaccination with PCV in children was pharyngitis (26.2%). In total, 13 AEs met all three indices for signal detection. Among these, hypotension, apathy, sepsis, and increased serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level were not listed on vaccine labels. In validation analysis, PRR and ROR performed slightly better than IC for adults who were vaccinated with PPSVs.CONCLUSION: Overall, 13 new signals of PPSVs, including four signals not listed on the labels, were detected. Further research based on additional AE reports is required to confirm the validity of these signals for children.