Radiographic evaluation of surgical correction of scoliosis due to cerebral palsy using intra-operative traction and new correction technique with 3rd provisional rod / Avaliação radiográfica de correção cirúrgica de escoliose devido a paralisia cerebral usando tração intraoperativa e nova técnica de correção com terceira haste provisória / Evaluación radiográfica de corrección quirúrgica de escoliosis debido a paralisia cerebral mediante tracción intraoperativa y nueva técnica de corrección con tercera barra provisoria

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the radiographic results of patients with cerebral palsy and Lonstein and Akbarnia type II scoliosis who underwent intraoperative halofemoral traction (IFAT) and correction with a 3rd provisional nail. Methods: Retrospective case series study. Were evaluated preoperative (PRE), traction (TR), immediate (POI), and late (POT) total spine radiographs. Were verified the angular value of the main curve (COBB), pelvic obliquity (OP), trunk balance in the coronal plane (CSVA), vertical sagittal alignment (SVA), curve flexibility, and percentage of correction in the final PO. Friedam and Wilcoxon tests were performed (p<0.05). Results: Twenty-one patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 16 (±4.13). There was a statistical difference when comparing COBB PRE with TRACTION to POI and POT (p=0.0001), OP in PRE with TRACTION, and between PRE and POT (p=0.0001). There was a statistical difference in coronal (CSVA) and sagittal (SVA) balance concerning PRE and POT. The percentage of correction for the main curve was 55.75% (± 11.11), and for the O P, 64.86% (± 18.04). Conclusion: The correction technique using the 3rd provisional nail technique and intraoperative traction presents a correction power of 55.75% of the proximal curve and 64% of the pelvic obliquity. In addition, it is easy to assemble, has a short surgical time, and causes little loss of correction during follow-up. Level of Evidence III B; I study a series of retrospective cases.

Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados radiográficos de pacientes com paralisia cerebral e escoliose tipo II de Lonstein e Akbarnia submetidos à tração halo-femoral intra-operatória (THFI) e correção com 3ª haste provisória. Métodos: Estudo série de casos retrospectivo. Foram avaliadas radiografias de coluna total pré-operatórias (PRÉ), sob tração (TR), pós-operatória imediata (POI) e tardia (POT). Verificou-se valor angular da curva principal (COBB), obliquidade pélvica (OP), equilíbrio do tronco no plano coronal (CSVA), alinhamento sagital vertical (SVA), flexibilidade da curva e percentual de correção no PO final. Foram realizados os testes de Friedam e Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Resultados: Vinte e um pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, com idade média de 16 (±4,13) anos. Houve diferença estatística quando se comparou: COBB PRÉ com TRAÇÃO em relação ao POI e POT (p=0,0001), OP no PRÉ com TRAÇÃO e entre o PRÉ e POT (p=0,0001). Houve diferença estatística em relação ao equilíbrio coronal (CSVA) e sagital (SVA) em relação ao PRE e POT. O percentual de correção da curva principal foi de 55,75% (± 11,11) e da OP de 64,86% (± 18,04). Conclusão: A técnica de correção utilizando a técnica da 3° haste provisória e tração intra-operatória apresenta poder de correção de 55,75% da curva proximal e 64% da obliquidade pélvica. Além disso, apresenta facilidade de montagem, tempo cirúrgico pequeno e pouca perda de correção ao longo do seguimento. Nível de Evidência III B; Estudo de série de casos retrospectivos.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados radiográficos de pacientes con parálisis cerebral y escoliosis tipo II de Lonstein y Akbarnia a quienes se les realizó tracción halofemoral intraoperatoria (THFI) y corrección con una tercera barra provisoria. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de serie de casos. Se evaluaron radiografías totales de columna preoperatorias (PRE), de tracción (TR), post-operatorias inmediatas (POI) y tardías (POT). Se verificó el valor angular de la curva principal (COBB), la oblicuidad pélvica (OP), el equilibrio del tronco en el plano coronal (CSVA), la alineación sagital vertical (SVA), la flexibilidad de la curva y el porcentaje de corrección en el PO final. Se realizaron las pruebas de Friedam y Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 21 pacientes, con una edad media de 16 (±4,13) años. Hubo diferencia estadística al comparar: COBB PRE con TRACCIÓN en relación a POI y POT (p=0,0001), OP en PRE con TRACCIÓN y entre PRE y POT (p=0,0001). Hubo diferencia estadística en relación al equilibrio coronal (CSVA) y sagital (SVA) en relación a PRE y POT. El porcentaje de corrección para la curva principal fue del 55,75% (± 11,11) y para la OP del 64,86% (± 18,04). Conclusión: La técnica de corrección mediante la técnica de la tercera barra provisoria y tracción intraoperatoria presenta un poder de corrección del 55,75% de la curva proximal y del 64% de la oblicuidad pélvica. Además, es de fácil montaje, tiene un tiempo quirúrgico corto y poca pérdida de corrección durante el seguimiento. Nivel de evidencia III B; Estudio una serie de casos retrospectivos.

Sistemas de instrumentación espinal en la corrección de la cifosis toracolumbar por espondilitisanquilopoyética / Spinal Instrumentation Systems in The Correction of Thoracolumbar Kyphosis Due to AnkylosingSpondylitis

Introducción: En pocas áreas de la cirugía ortopédica se han producido cambios técnicos tan importantes en las últimas décadas como en la cirugía correctora espinal. Los cambios fundamentales han sobrevenido con los nuevos sistemas de instrumentación espinal, que se han modificado y mejorado sustancialmente para facilitar la corrección tridimensional de la deformidad y aportar fijación segura de la columna, corrección y estabilidad. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados alcanzados con los sistemas de instrumentación espinal utilizados en la corrección de la cifosis toracolumbar por espondilitis anquilopoyética. Método: Se realizó un estudio tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal a 16 pacientes con cifosis toracolumbar por espondilitis anquilopoyética intervenidos con la técnica de osteotomía de sustracción pedicular e instrumentados con sistemas pediculares y sublaminar tipo Luque, en el servicio de Ortopedia del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, durante el período comprendido entre marzo de 2001 y marzo de 2021. Resultados: La totalidad de los pacientes correspondieron al sexo masculino, color de la piel blanca y edad promedio de 39 años. Se logró más del 80 por ciento de corrección en el perfil sagital y un promedio de 34,3° por osteotomía, sin complicaciones neurológicas mayores. Se obtuvo un buen resultado funcional, con un alto grado de satisfacción de los pacientes y mejora de su calidad de vida. Conclusiones: La utilización de ambos sistemas instrumentación espinal es eficaz para mantener la corrección de la cifosis toracolumbar por espondilitis anquilopoyética(AU)

Introduction: Few areas of orthopedic surgery have had such important technical changes in recent decades as in corrective spinal surgery. Fundamental changes have come with the new spinal instrumentation systems, which have been substantially modified and improved to facilitate three-dimensional correction of the deformity and provide secure spinal fixation, correction and stability. Objective: To evaluate the results achieved with the spinal instrumentation systems used in the correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis due to ankylosing spondylitis. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study was carried out on 16 patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis due to ankylosing spondylitis operated on with the pedicle subtraction osteotomy technique and instrumented with Luque-type pedicle and sublaminar systems, in the Orthopedics service at Hermanos Ameijeiras Surgical Clinical Hospital, from March 2001 to March 2021. Results: All the patients were male, white skin color and average age of 39 years. More than 80 percent correction was achieved in the sagittal profile and an average of 34.3° per osteotomy, without major neurological complications. Good functional results were obtained, with high degree of patient satisfaction and improvement in their quality of life. Conclusions: The use of both spinal instrumentation systems is effective in maintaining the correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis due to ankylosing spondylitis(AU)

Effect of bone cement distribution on the clinical outcome of unilateral transpedicular puncture for spinal osteoporotic fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of different bone cement morphology distribution on the clinical efficacy of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) for spinal osteoporotic fractures.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 66 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures received unilateral PVP treatment from January 2019 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 50 females, including 83 vertebral bodies, 45 thoracic vertebrae and 38 lumbar vertebrae, and 55 patients with single-segment, 6 double-segment, 4 three-segment and 1 four-segment. The age ranged from 60 to 93 years with an average of (76.83±8.65) years. The included patients were admitted to hospital 1 to 10 days after onset, and were diagnosed by anteroposterior and lateral X-rays, MRI and bone density examination before surgery. According to the shape of bone cement in postoperative X-ray, the patients were divided into O-shaped group (28 cases) and H-shaped group (38 cases). In O-shaped group, the bone cement presented agglomeration mass distribution in the affected vertebra in postoperative X-ray while the bone cement presented disseminated honeycomb distribution in the affected vertebrae in H-shaped group. Bone cement injection volume was collected in two groups. The intraoperative bone cement leakage and postoperative adjacent vertebral fractures were observed. The VAS of the two groups before operation and 1 day, 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after operation were compared;and ODI of the two groups 1 day, 6 months and 1 year after operation were compared. The kyphosis angle and anterior height of the affected vertebrae were measured before operation and 1 week, 1 year after operation.@*RESULTS@#All 66 patients completed 1-year follow-up, and all patients healed well at the puncture site after surgery. There were 1 case and 8 cases of bone cement leakage in O-shaped group and H-shaped group during surgery respectively (P<0.05), but no serious complications occurred. One case occurred adjacent vertebral fracture in both groups during one-year follow-up (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in injection amount of bone cement between the two groups (P>0.05). The VAS scores of O-shaped group and H-shaped group were 7.89±0.79, 2.75±1.08, 0.46±0.58, 0.36±0.49 and 8.00±1.04, 2.58±1.15, 0.53±0.56, 0.42±0.50 before operation, 1 day, 6 months, 1 year after operation respectively, and there was no statistical significance(P>0.05), and the VAS scores were 0.96±0.58 and 1.18±0.83 at 1 month after operation respectively, with statistical significance(P<0.05). The ODI scores of O-shaped group and H-shaped group were 12.43±3.78, 10.00±2.46, 8.43±1.50 and 12.11±3.68, 9.53±2.35, 8.32±1.51 at 1 day, 6 months and 1 year after surgery respectively, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups(P>0.05). There were no statistical significance in kyphotic angles and anterior height before surgery and 1 week, 1 year after surgery between two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#No matter the distribution of bone cement is O-shape or H-shape, it can achieve good clinical effect, and the prognosis effect is equivalent. Therefore, when performing unilateral puncture PVP surgery, it is not necessary to deliberately increase the puncture angle of the puncture needle in order to achieve the full diffusion of the affected vertebrae, so as to reduce the risk of damaging important structures and bone cement leakage.

Correlative analysis of cervical curvature and atlantoaxial instability / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between the changes of cervical curvature and atlantoaxial instability.@*METHODS@#The correlation between the changes of cervical curvature and atlantoaxial instability was retrospectively studied in 50 outpatients with abnormal cervical curvature (abnormal cervical curvature group) from January 2018 to December 2019. There were 24 males and 26 females in abnormal cervical curvature group, aged from 18 to 42 years old with an average of(30.62±5.83) years. And 53 patients with normal cervical curvature (normal cervical curvature group) during the same period were matched, including 23 males and 30 females, aged from 21 to 44 years with an average of(31.98±6.11) years. Cervical spine X-ray films of 103 patients were taken in lateral position and open mouth position. Cervical curvature and variance of bilateral lateral atlanto-dental space(VBLADS) were measured and recorded, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to study the correlation between the changes of cervical curvature and atlantoaxial instability.@*RESULTS@#Atlantoaxial joint instability accounted for 39.6%(21/53) in normal cervical curvature group and 84.0%(42/50) in abnormal cervical curvature group. There was significant difference between two groups(P<0.01). VBLADS in abnormal cervical curvature group was (1.79±1.01) mm, which was significantly higher than that in normal cervical curvature group(0.55±0.75) mm(P<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that the size of cervical curvature was negatively correlated with VBLADS.@*CONCLUSION@#Cervical curvature straightening and inverse arch are the cause of atlantoaxial instability, the smaller the cervical curvature, the more serious the atlantoaxial instability.

Sagittal Plane Alignment and Functional Outcomes Following Surgery for Scheuermann Kyphosis / Alinhamento do plano sagital e resultados funcionais após cirurgia para a cifose de Scheuermann

Abstract Objective To evaluate and correlate the pelvic parameters, the sagittal balance (SB), and the functional outcome of the patients submitted to surgical treatment for Scheuermann hyperkyphosis (SK). Methods Patients submitted to surgery between January 2005 and December 2016 were included. The following radiographic measurements were obtained: thoracic kyphosis (TK); lumbar lordosis (LL); SB; pelvic incidence (PI); pelvic tilt (PT); and sacral slope (SS). Complications during the follow-up period were recorded. Results A total of 19 patients were included (16 males): the mean preoperative kyphosis was of 83°, and the postoperative kyphosis was of 57°. The mean preoperative lumbar lordosis was of 66°, with a postoperative spontaneous correction of 47°. Regarding the preoperative pelvic parameters, the average PI, PT and SS were of 48°,10° and 39° respectively. In the postoperative period, these values were of 50°, 16° and 35° respectively. The preoperative SB was neutral, and it was maintained after the surgical correction. Concerning complications during the follow-up period, three junctional kyphosis were observed-two requiring revision surgery, one nonunion, and one dehiscence of the surgical wound. Regarding the functional results, the average score on the Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) patient questionnaire was of 4.04, and we verified that the SB obtained in the postoperative period had no influence on the functional outcome (p = 0.125) nor on the postoperative LL (p = 0.851). Conclusion We verified a spontaneous improvement in the lumbar hyperlordosis at levels not included in the fusion after correction of the TK. Although the postoperative functional results were globally high, we did not find any statistically significant relationship with TK nor LLs. high PI is associated with a greater rate of complications regarding the proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), and these pelvic parameters should be considered at the time of the SK surgical treatment.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar e correlacionar os parâmetros pélvicos, o equilíbrio sagital (SB), e o resultado funcional dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da hipercifose de Scheuermann (SK). Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia entre janeiro de 2005 e dezembro de 2016. Foram obtidas as seguintes medidas radiográficas: cifose torácica (TK); lordose lombar (LL); SB; incidência pélvica (PI); inclinação pélvica (PT); e inclinação sacral (SS). Complicações foram registradas durante o período de seguimento. Resultados Foram incluídos 19 pacientes (16 homens): a cifose pré-operatória média foi de 83°, e, após a cirurgia, de 57°. A LL média pré-operatória foi de 66°, com uma correção espontânea pós-operatória de 47°. Quanto aos parâmetros pélvicos préoperatórios, as médias de PI, PT e SS foram de 48°, 10° e 39°, respectivamente. No pósoperatório, esses valores foram de 50°, 16° e 35°, respectivamente. O SB pré-operatório foi neutro e mantido após correção cirúrgica. Quanto às complicações durante o período de seguimento, foram observadas três cifoses juncionais - duas necessitando de cirurgia de revisão, uma má consolidação, e uma deiscência de sutura. Em relação aos resultados funcionais, a pontuação média no questionário de 22 itens da Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22) foi de 4,04, e verificou-se que o SB no pós-operatório não teve influência no desfecho funcional (p = 0,125), nem na LL pós-operatória (p = 0,851). Conclusão Verificamos uma melhora espontânea da hiperlordose lombar em níveis não incluídos na fusão após a correção da TK. Embora os resultados funcionais pósoperatórios tenham sido globalmente elevados, não encontramos nenhuma relação estatisticamente significativa com a TK nem com a LL. A PI elevada está associada a maior complicação da cifose juncional proximal (PJK), e esses parâmetros pélvicos devem ser considerados no momento do tratamento cirúrgico da cifose de Scheuermann.

Importance of radiography in orthostatism in the conduct of thoracolombar transition fractures / Importância da radiografia em ortostatismo na conduta de fraturas da transição toracolombar / Importancia de la radiografía en ortostatismo en la conducta de fracturas de la transición toracolumbar

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the importance of radiography in the orthostatic position in the initial assessment of patients with thoracolumbar transition fractures and whether this image changes the surgical indication. Methods: Medical records and imaging tests of patients treated for thoracolumbar transition fractures from June 2018 to June 2019 were evaluated. Trauma patients between 18 and 60 years of age with fractures of T10 to L3 who had been indicated for conservative treatment were included. Cases of fractures considered unstable were excluded. Radiographs were taken with the patient in the supine position (supine X-ray), computed tomography (CT), and orthostatic radiography (orthostatic X-ray). Segmental kyphosis and degree of wedging were evaluated. The measurements were compared using the Wilcoxon test. The McNemar test was used to assess changes in conduct according to the criteria for surgical indication (kyphosis ≥ 25 ° and wedging ≥ 50%). Results: Fifty patients were evaluated, nine of whom (18%) were indicated for a change of conduct according to the orthostatic examinations and were submitted to surgical treatment. Vertebral kyphosis increased by 40.6% (p <0.001). The wedging increased by 25.62% (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Eighteen percent of the total number of patients who did not present instability criteria in radiographs in the supine position satisfied at least one of these criteria when the orthostatic X-ray was performed. Level of evidence 3B; Retrospective case series study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a importância da radiografia em posição ortostática na avaliação inicial dos pacientes com fraturas da transição toracolombar e se essa imagem modifica a indicação cirúrgica. Métodos: Foram avaliados prontuários e exames de imagens dos pacientes atendidos com fraturas da transição toracolombar, no período de junho 2018 a junho 2019. Foram incluídos pacientes vítimas de trauma, entre 18 e 60 anos de idade, com fraturas de T10 a L3, que tinham indicação de tratamento conservador. Foram excluídos os casos de fraturas consideradas instáveis já na avaliação inicial. Foram realizadas radiografias com o paciente na posição supina (Rx supino), tomografia computadorizada (TC) e radiografia ortostática (Rx ortostático). Foram avaliados a cifose segmentar e o grau de cunha. As medidas foram comparadas com o teste de Wilcoxon. Foi usado o teste de McNemar para avaliar mudanças de conduta de acordo com os critérios de indicação cirúrgica (cifose ≥ 25° e cunha ≥ 50%). Resultados: Foram avaliados 50 pacientes, sendo que nove (18%) tiveram indicação de mudança de conduta de acordo com os exames ortostáticos e foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. A cifose vertebral aumentou 40,6 % (p < 0,001). O grau da cunha aumentou 25,62% (p < 0,0001). Conclusões: Do total, 18% dos pacientes que não apresentavam critérios de instabilidade nas radiografias em posição supina apresentaram pelo menos um desses critérios quando se realizou o Rx ortostático. Nível de evidência 3B; Estudo série de casos retrospectivos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la importancia de la radiografía en posición ortostática en la evaluación inicial de los pacientes con fracturas de transición toracolumbar y si esa imagen modifica la indicación quirúrgica. Métodos: Fueron evaluados los historiales médicos y exámenes de imágenes de los pacientes atendidos con fracturas de la transición toracolumbar, en el período de junio de 2018 a junio de 2019. Fueron incluidos pacientes víctimas de trauma, entre 18 y 60 años de edad, con fracturas de T10 a L3, que tenían indicación de tratamiento conservador. Fueron excluidos los casos de fracturas consideradas inestables ya en la evaluación inicial. Fueron realizadas radiografías con el paciente en posición supina (Rx supino), tomografía computarizada (TC) y radiografía ortostática (Rx ortostático). Fueron evaluadas la cifosis segmentaria y el grado de cuña. Las medidas fueron comparadas con el test de Wilcoxon. Fue usado el test de McNemar para evaluar los cambios de conducta de acuerdo con los criterios de indicación quirúrgica (cifosis ≥ 25° y cuña ≥ 50%). Resultados: Fueron evaluados 50 pacientes, siendo que nueve (18%) tuvieron indicación de cambio de conducta de acuerdo con los exámenes ortostáticos y fueron sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. La cifosis vertebral aumentó 40,6% (p <0,001). El grado de cuña aumentó 25,62% (p <0,0001). Conclusiones: Del total, 18% de los pacientes que no presentaban criterios de inestabilidad en las radiografías en posición supina presentaron al menos uno de estos criterios cuando se realizó el Rx ortostático. Nivel de evidencia 3B; Estudio serie de casos retrospectivos.

Deformidad de Gibbus no tuberculosa tratada con implante cubierto con nanopartículas de plata. Presentación de un caso / Non-tuberculous gibbus deformity, treated with and implant coated with silver nanoparticles. Presentation of a case

Se conoce como enfermedad de Gibbus al colapso de la porción anterior de uno o más cuerpos vertebrales que provoca una cifosis segmentaria de ángulo agudo. En general, este tipo de deformidades son producto de infecciones tuberculosas. Uno de los principales problemas que trae apareado esta deformidad es la compresión medular. En el caso presentado, el paciente sufrió esta enfermedad como consecuencia de una infección no tuberculosa, con cifosis angular pososteomielitis, tratado con doble vía de abordaje, utilizando implantes recubiertos con nanopartículas de plata. Los resultados clínico-radiológicos fueron muy satisfactorios. Este caso presenta la conjugación de dos temas poco frecuentes en la medicina actual; por un lado, un tipo de deformidad de la columna que, rara vez, se debe a una infección no tuberculosa y, por otro lado, el implante utilizado, recubierto con nanopartículas de plata que, pese a las controversias, ofrece una nueva posibilidad de tratamiento para pacientes con un riesgo aumentado de infección asociada a implantes, y resulta de interés que sea reconocido por los cirujanos ortopedistas, puesto que existe evidencia suficiente para afirmar su capacidad para reducir la formación de biopelículas. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Gibbus disease is the collapse of the anterior portion of one or more vertebral bodies that results in acute angle segmental kyphosis. Generally, these types of deformities are caused by tuberculosis infections. One of the main problems associated with this deformity is spinal compression. In this case, the patient presented this condition as a consequence of a non-tuberculous infection, with angular kyphosis after osteomyelitis, treated with a double approach, using implants coated with silver nanoparticles. We obtained very satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. This case presents the intersection of two rare topics in current medicine; on the one hand, a type of spinal deformity that rarely occurs as a consequence of a non-tuberculous infection. On the other hand, the implant used, coated with silver nanoparticles. Although there are still controversies in the literature, this implant offers a new possibility of treatment for patients who are at increased risk of implant-related infection, and it is of interest for orthopedic surgeons, since there is sufficient evidence to support its ability to reduce the formation of biofilms. Level of Evidence: IV

Schroth exercises improve health-related quality of life and radiographic parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Finding an optimal treatment strategy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients remains challenging because of its intrinsic complexity. For mild to moderate scoliosis patients with lower skeletal growth potential (Risser 3-5), most clinicians agree with observation treatment; however, the curve progression that occurs during puberty, the adolescent period, and even in adulthood, remains a challenging issue for clinicians. The aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy of Schroth exercise in AIS patients with lower skeletal growth potential (Risser 3-5) and moderate scoliosis (Cobb angle 20°-40°).@*METHODS@#From 2015 to 2017, data of 64 patients diagnosed with AIS in Peking University Third Hospital were reviewed. Forty-three patients underwent Schroth exercise were classified as Schroth group, and 21 patients underwent observation were classified as observation group. Outcomes were measured by health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and radiographic parameters. HRQOL was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back, Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) patient questionnaire. Radiographic spinopelvic parameters were obtained from anteroposterior and lateral X-rays. The pre-treatment and post-treatment HRQOL and radiographic parameters were tested to validate Schroth exercise efficacy. The inter-rater reliability of the radiographic parameters was tested using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The paired t test was used to examine HRQOL and radiographic parameters. Clinical relevance between C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and thoracic kyphosis was analyzed using Spearman correlation.@*RESULTS@#In Schroth group, VAS back score, SRS-22 pain, and SRS-22 self-image domain were significantly improved from pre-treatment 3.0 ± 0.8, 3.6 ± 0.5, and 3.5 ± 0.7 to post-treatment 1.6 ± 0.6 (t = 5.578, P = 0.013), 4.0 ± 0.3 (t = -3.918, P = 0.001), and 3.7 ± 0.4 (t = -6.468, P < 0.001), respectively. No significant improvements of SRS-22 function domain (t = -2.825, P = 0.088) and mental health domain (t = -3.174, P = 0.061) were observed. The mean Cobb angle decreased from 28.9 ± 5.5° to 26.3 ± 5.2° at the final follow-up, despite no statistical significance was observed (t = 1.853, P = 0.102). The mean C2-C7 SVA value decreased from 21.7 ± 8.4 mm to 17.0 ± 8.0 mm (t = -1.224 P = 0.049) and mean T1 tilt decreased from 4.9 ± 4.2 ° to 3.5 ± 3.1° (t = 2.913, P = 0.011). No significant improvement of radiographic parameters and HRQOL were observed in observation group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#For AIS patients with a Risser 3-5 and a Cobb angle 20°-40°, Schroth exercises improved HRQOL and halted curve progression during the follow-up period. Both cervical spine alignment and shoulder balance were also significantly improved after Schroth exercises. We recommend Schroth exercises for patients with AIS.

Occult Andersson lesions in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: undetectable destructive lesions on plain radiographs / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Andersson lesions (ALs) are not uncommon in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Plain radiography (PR) is widely used for the diagnosis of ALs. However, in our practice, there were some ALs in AS patients that could not be detected on plain radiographs. This study aimed to propose the concept of occult ALs and evaluate the prevalence and radiographic characteristics of the occult ALs in AS patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 496 consecutive AS patients were admitted in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University between April 2003 and November 2019 and they were retrospectively reviewed. The AS patients with ALs who met the following criteria were included for the investigation of occult ALs: (1) with pre-operative plain radiographs of the whole-spine and (2) availability of pre-operative computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole-spine. The occult ALs were defined as the ALs which were undetectable on plain radiographs but could be detected by CT and/or MRI. The extensive ALs involved the whole discovertebral junction or manifested as destructive lesions throughout the vertebral body. Independent-samples t test was used to compare the age between the patients with only occult ALs and those with only detectable ALs. Chi-square or Fisher exact test was applied to compare the types, distribution, and radiographic characteristics between detectable and occult ALs as appropriate.@*RESULTS@#Ninety-two AS patients with a mean age of 44.4 ± 10.1 years were included for the investigation of occult ALs. Twenty-three patients had occult ALs and the incidence was 25% (23/92). Fifteen extensive ALs were occult, and the proportion of extensive ALs was significantly higher in detectable ALs (97% vs. 44%, χ2 = 43.66, P < 0.001). As assessed by PR, the proportions of osteolytic destruction with reactive sclerosis (0 vs. 100%, χ2 = 111.00, P < 0.001), angular kyphosis of the affected discovertebral units or vertebral body (0 vs. 22%, χ2 = 8.86, P = 0.003), formation of an osseous bridge at the intervertebral space adjacent to ALs caused by the ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (38% vs. 86%, χ2 = 25.91, P < 0.001), and an abnormal height of the affected intervertebral space were all significantly lower in occult ALs (9% vs. 84%, χ2 = 60.41, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Occult ALs presented with more subtle radiographic changes. Occult ALs should not be neglected, especially in the case of extensive occult ALs, because the stability of the spine might be severely impaired by these lesions.

Short-segment pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty for the treatment of Kümmell disease with kyphosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effects of posterior short-segment pedicle screw internal fixation combined with vertebroplasty for the treatment of Kümmell disease with kyphosis.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four patients with Kümmell disease complicated with kyphosis treated by posterior short-segment pedicle screw internal fixation combined with vertebroplasty from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including 6 males and 18 females, aged 63 to 85 (73.1±6.5) years old. The clinical effect was evaluate by visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the anterior height of injured vertebral body, and the sagittal Cobb angle of the affected segment beforeoperation, at 3 days and final follow up after operation. And the surgical complications were observed.@*RESULTS@#All 24 patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of (15.5±3.2) months. The VAS score was decreased from 5.21±1.06 preoperatively to 2.38±0.58 at 3 days postoperatively and 1.71±0.75 at final follow-up;ODI was decreased from (50.4±13.5)% preoperatively to (20.9±8.0)% at 3 days postoperatively and (16.7±9.6)% at final follow-up;the anterior height of injured vertebral body was restored from (8.0±4.2) mm before surgery to (18.1±5.0) mm at 3 days after surgery and (16.8±5.1) mm at final follow up;the sagittal Cobb angle of affected segment was decreased from (19.5±6.3)° preoperatively to (7.6±2.1)° at 3 days after surgery and(8.4±1.7)° at final follow-up. VAS, ODI, anterior height of injured vertebral body, and sagittal Cobb angle of affected segment were significantly improved at 3 days after operation and at final follow-up (@*CONCLUSION@#Posterior short-segment pedicle screw internal fixation combined with vertebroplasty for the treatment of Kümmell disease with kyphosis has relatively small surgical trauma, excellent clinical results, good vertebral height recovery, satisfactory correction of kyphotic angle, and fewer complications, etc. It is a safe and effective surgical method to treat Kümmell disease with kyphosis.

Correlation between cervical curvature and cervical disc bulging in young patients with neck pain / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation between the curvature of the cervical spine and the degree of cervical disc bulging in young patients with cervical pain.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 539 young patients with neck pain from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 251 males and 288 females, aged 18 to 40 (32.2±6.3) years old. The cervical curvature and cervical disc bulging were measured by cervical X-ray and MRI. According to cervical curvature, the patients were divided into 175 cases of cervical lordosis group (cervical curvature > 7 mm), 163 cases of cervical erection group (0

Correction of the spinal sagittal plane: the application of convergent or divergent screws / Correção do plano sagital da coluna vertebral: aplicação de parafusos convergentes ou divergentes / Corrección del plano sagital de la columna vertebral: aplicación de tornillos convergentes o divergentes

ABSTRACT Objective To present a new principle for correction of the sagittal plane of the spine through the convergent or divergent placement of monoaxial pedicle screws in this plane, associated with compression or distraction, to provide lordotizing or kyphotizing leverage force. Method A statistical mechanical study of twenty-eight fixations in synthetic spine segments was performed. In fifteen pieces, pedicle screws were applied to the ends of the segments with positioning convergent to the center of the fixation. They were attached to the straight rods and subjected to compression force. The other thirteen segments were fixed with pedicle screws in a direction divergent to the center of the fixation, attached to the straight rods, and subjected to distraction force. Results To create kyphosis in the 15 synthetic segments of the spine, the mean pre-fixation Cobb angle was - 0.7° and the mean post-fixation angle was +15°. To create lordosis in the 13 segments, the mean pre-fixation Cobb angle was +1° and the mean post-fixation angle was +18°. The difference was confirmed by statistical mechanical tests and considered significant. However, there is no relevant difference between the mean angles for lordosis and kyphosis formation. Conclusions It was concluded that the correction of the sagittal plane of the spine by applying the new instrumentation method is efficient. A statistical mechanical test confirmed that the difference in Cobb degrees between pre- and post-fixation of the synthetic spine segments was considered significant in the creation of both kyphosis and lordosis. Level of evidence II C; Statistical mechanical study of synthetic spine segments.

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar um novo princípio para correção do plano sagital da coluna vertebral, posicionando os parafusos pediculares monoaxiais nesse plano de forma convergente ou divergente, associados à compressão ou distração, para proporcionar força em alavanca lordotizante ou cifotizante. Métodos Realizou-se um estudo de mecânica estatística de 28 fixações em segmentos de coluna sintética. Em quinze peças, foram aplicados parafusos pediculares monoaxiais nos extremos dos segmentos abordados com posicionamento no sentido convergente à fixação. Foram agregados às hastes retas e submetidos à força de compressão. Em outros treze segmentos, a fixação foi feita com parafusos pediculares monoaxiais, no sentido divergente ao centro da fixação, integrados às hastes retas e submetidos à força de distração. Resultados Para criar cifose nos 15 segmentos sintéticos da coluna vertebral, a média do ângulo de Cobb na pré-fixação foi de -0,7° e a média pós-fixação foi de +15°. Para cria lordose em 13 segmentos, a média do ângulo de Cobb na pré-fixação foi de +1° e a média pós-fixação foi de +18°. A diferença foi confirmada por testes de mecânica estatística e considerada significativa. Contudo, não existe diferença relevante entre os ângulos médio para formação da lordose e da cifose. Conclusões Conclui-se que a correção do plano sagital da coluna aplicando o novo método de instrumentação é eficiente. Confirmou-se com teste de mecânica estatística que a diferença em graus de Cobb entre o período pré e o pós-fixação dos segmentos de coluna sintética fixados foi considerada significativa, tanto na criação da cifose quanto da lordose. Nível de evidência II C; Estudo mecânico estatístico de segmentos de coluna sintética.

RESUMEN Objetivo Presentar un nuevo principio para corrección del plano sagital de la columna vertebral, posicionando los tornillos pediculares monoaxiales en ese plano de forma convergente o divergente, asociados a la compresión o distracción, para proporcionar fuerza en palanca lordotizante o cifosante. Métodos Se realizó un estudio de mecánica estadística de 28 fijaciones en segmentos de columna sintética. En quince piezas, fueron aplicados tornillos pediculares monoaxiales en los extremos de los segmentos abordados con posicionamiento en el sentido convergente a la fijación. Fueron agregados a las varillas rectas y sometidos a la fuerza de compresión. En otros trece segmentos, la fijación fue hecha con tornillos pediculares monoaxiales, en el sentido divergente del centro de la fijación, integrados a las varillas rectas y sometidos a la fuerza de distracción. Resultados Para crear cifosis en los 15 segmentos sintéticos de la columna vertebral, el promedio del ángulo de Cobb en la prefijación fue de -0,7° y el promedio de postfijación fue de +15°. Para crear lordosis en 13 segmentos, el promedio del ángulo de Cobb en la prefijación fue de +1° y el promedio de postfijación fue de +18°. La diferencia fue confirmada mediante tests de mecánica estadística y considerada significativa. Sin embargo, no existe diferencia relevante entre los ángulos promedios para la formación de lordosis y de cifosis. Conclusiones Se concluye que la corrección del plano sagital de la columna aplicando el nuevo método de instrumentación es eficiente. Se confirmó con test de mecánica estadística que la diferencia en los grados de Cobb entre el período de pre y postfijación de los segmentos de columna sintética fijados fue considerada significativa, tanto en la creación de cifosis como de la lordosis. Nivel de evidencia II C; Estudio mecánico estadístico de segmentos de columna sintética.

Cifoescoliosis severa secundaria a neurofibromatosis. Presentación de un caso / Severe kyphoscoliosis secondary to neurofibromatosis. Case presentation

La escoliosis distrófica de la neurofibromatosis se caracteriza por ser una cifoescoliosis de ángulo agudo que compromete un segmento corto de la columna vertebral y genera una gran deformidad que, sumada a los cambios distróficos de la columna, convierte a los gestos quirúrgicos para su corrección en verdaderos retos. Se presenta a un varón de 15 años con cifoescoliosis toracolumbar distrófica severa con ápice en T9, ángulo de Cobb 107° de escoliosis y 110,7° de cifosis segmentaria. Se realiza una cirugía por vía posterior en tres tiempos, mediante una resección de la columna vertebral y reemplazo con malla de titanio; se logra una corrección de la cifosis y la escoliosis del 56% y 59,8%, respectivamente. El paciente no tuvo complicaciones mayores, ni secuelas, y la evolución fue favorable. La resección de la columna vertebral es una técnica quirúrgica potente y desafiante para el manejo de la deformidad cifoescoliótica compleja necesaria para lograr el equilibrio espinal, aunque no está exenta de complicaciones, sobre todo neurológicas y pulmonares, a veces, inevitables. La calidad de vida de nuestro paciente tuvo una mejoría importante. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Dystrophic scoliosis in neurofibromatosis is identifiable by being an acuteangle kyphoscoliosis involving a short segment of the spine and producing severe deformity that when associated with the dystrophic changes of the spine result in real surgical challenges. We report the clinical case of a 15-year male with severe dystrophic kyphoscoliosis at the thoracolumbar area, with apex at T9, scoliosis with a Cobb angle of 107 °, and segmental kyphosis of 110.7°. The patient underwent a three-stage surgery, performed through a posterior approach, involving a vertebral column resection (VCR) and titanium mesh replacement, and achieving a kyphosis correction of 56% and a scoliosis correction of 59.8%. The patient experienced no major complications nor sequelae and had a favorable course. The VCR is a powerful and demanding surgical technique that allows for the management of the complex kyphoscoliosis deformity to achieve spinal balance; however, it is not without complications, especially neurological and pulmonary complications, which may be unavoidable. Our patient's quality of life has improved significantly. Level of Evidence: IV

Correlation between the schanz screw insertion angle and the loss of kyphosis correction in thoracolumbar fractures / Correlação entre o ângulo de inserção do pino de schanz e a perda de correção da cifose em fraturas toracolombares / Correlación entre el ángulo de inserción del tornillo de schanz y la pérdida de corrección de la cifosis en fracturas toracolumbares

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the Schanz screw insertion angle and the loss of the regional kyphosis correction in thoracolumbar burst fractures following posterior short instrumentation surgery. Methods Patients with a thoracolumbar burst fracture between levels T11-L2 were divided into two groups (parallel and divergent) according to the angle formed between the Schanz screw and the vertebral plateau. Regional kyphosis was evaluated in preoperative, immediate postoperative and last follow-up radiographs. Results Of the 58 patients evaluated, 31 had a parallel assembly and 27 had a divergent assembly. When we analyzed the angle of kyphosis, no statistical difference was observed between the pre- and postoperative radiographs. However, a statistical difference in the last follow-up radiographs and in the final loss of the kyphosis correction was confirmed. Conclusion The insertion of Schanz screws with a divergent assembly presents better radiographic results with less loss of kyphosis correction angle when compared with the parallel assembly technique. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective cohort study.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o ângulo de inserção do pino de Schanz e os resultados da perda de correção da cifose regional nas fraturas toracolombares do tipo explosão após tratamento cirúrgico com instrumentação curta por via posterior. Métodos Os pacientes com fratura toracolombar do tipo explosão entre os níveis de T11-L2 foram divididos em dois grupos (paralelo e divergente) de acordo com o ângulo formado entre o pino de Schanz e o platô vertebral. Foi avaliada a cifose regional nas radiografias pré-operatória, pós-operatória imediata e do último acompanhamento. Resultados Dos 58 pacientes avaliados, 31 apresentaram uma montagem paralela e 27 uma montagem divergente. Ao analisarmos o ângulo da cifose, não se observou diferença estatística nas radiografias pré- e pós-operatória imediata. Porém, verificou-se uma diferença estatística nas radiografias do último acompanhamento e na perda final de correção da cifose. Conclusões A inserção do pino de Schanz com uma montagem divergente apresenta melhores resultados radiográficos com menor perda do ângulo de correção da cifose quando comparada com a técnica de montagem paralela. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo de coorte retrospectivo.

RESUMEN Objetivo Comparar el ángulo de inserción del tornillo de Schanz y los resultados de la pérdida de corrección de la cifosis regional en las fracturas toracolumbares del tipo explosión después del tratamiento quirúrgico con instrumentación corta por vía posterior. Métodos Los pacientes con fractura toracolumbar del tipo explosión entre los niveles de T11-L2 fueron divididos en dos grupos (paralelo y divergente) de acuerdo con el ángulo formado entre el tornillo de Schanz y la meseta vertebral. Fue evaluada la cifosis regional en las radiografías preoperatoria, posoperatoria inmediata y del último acompañamiento. Resultados De los 58 pacientes evaluados, 31 presentaron un montaje paralelo y 27 un montaje divergente. Al analizar el ángulo de la cifosis, no se observó diferencia estadística en las radiografías pre y postoperatoria inmediata. Sin embargo, se verificó una diferencia estadística en las radiografías del último acompañamiento y en la pérdida final de corrección de la cifosis. Conclusiones La inserción del tornillo de Schanz con un montaje divergente presenta mejores resultados radiográficos con menor pérdida del ángulo de corrección de la cifosis cuando comparada con la técnica de montaje paralelo. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.

Prevalence of pjk after arthrodesis in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis in the second postoperative year / Prevalência de pjk após artrodese em pacientes com escoliose neuromuscular no segundo ano de pós-operatório / Prevalencia de pjk después de artrodesis en pacientes con escoliosis neuromuscular en el segundo año de postoperatorio

ABSTRACT Objective The primary objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of PJK in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis submitted to posterior spinal arthrodesis with instrumentation. Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a frequent phenomenon that, due to its importance, began to be studied by several authors, who laid the foundations for the radiographic definition and possible risk factors for its occurrence after long spinal arthrodesis with instrumentation. Despite the large number of PJK studies, most were related to the occurrence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, adult deformity and early-onset scoliosis, with few being targeted to patients with congenital and neuromuscular scoliosis. Methods In this study, data from electronic medical records of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis who underwent posterior arthrodesis with instrumentation between the years 2014 and 2016 were analyzed. Information on age, gender, pathology and radiographic measurements were extracted from this sample at the 2nd and 24th postoperative months. Results A total of 39 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis were analyzed. The sample was predominantly male (58.87%) and the mean age was 14.05 years. PJK occurred in 18 patients during the two years following surgery, with a prevalence of 46.15%. The incidence of PJK in the 2nd and 24th postoperative months was 23.1% and 30%, respectively. Conclusions A prevalence of PJK of 46.15% was found in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis treated surgically with posterior instrumentation after two years of follow-up, as compared to previous results . Level of Evidence III; Cross-sectional observational study.

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo primário deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de PJK nos pacientes com escoliose neuromuscular, submetidos à artrodese da coluna vertebral por via posterior com instrumentação. A cifose juncional proximal (PJK) é um fenômeno frequente que, devido à sua importância, passou a ser estudado por diversos autores, os quais lançaram as bases da definição radiográfica e possíveis fatores de risco de ocorrência depois de artrodese longa da coluna vertebral com instrumentação. Apesar da grande quantidade de estudos sobre PJK, a maioria foi relacionada quanto à ocorrência na escoliose idiopática do adolescente, na deformidade do adulto e na escoliose de início precoce, sendo poucos direcionados a pacientes com escoliose congênita e neuromuscular. Métodos Neste estudo foram analisados dados de prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes com escoliose neuromuscular submetidos à artrodese por via posterior com instrumentação, entre os anos de 2014 e 2016. Dessa amostra, foram extraídas informações pertinentes a idade, gênero, patologia e medidas radiográficas no 2º e 24º mês de pós-operatório. Resultados Um total de 39 pacientes com escoliose neuromuscular foi analisado. Na amostra houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino (58,87%) e a média de idade foi de 14,05 anos. A PJK ocorreu em 18 pacientes no decorrer de dois anos de pós-operatório, com prevalência de 46,15%. A incidência de PJK no 2° e 24° mês de pós-operatório foi de 23,1% e 30%, respectivamente. Conclusões Foi encontrada prevalência de 46,15% de PJK em pacientes com escoliose neuromuscular tratados cirurgicamente com instrumentação por via posterior depois de dois anos de seguimento, confrontado resultados anteriores. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo observacional analítico transversal.

RESUMEN Objetivo El objetivo primario de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia de PJK en los pacientes con escoliosis neuromuscular, sometidos a artrodesis de la columna vertebral por vía posterior con instrumentación. La cifosis de unión proximal (PJK) es un fenómeno frecuente que, debido a su importancia, pasó a ser estudiado por diversos autores, los cuales lanzaron las bases de la definición radiográfica y posibles factores de riesgo de ocurrencia después de artrodesis larga de la columna vertebral con instrumentación. A pesar de la gran cantidad de estudios sobre PJK, la mayoría fue relacionada cuanto a la ocurrencia en la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente, en la deformidad del adulto y en la escoliosis de inicio precoz, siendo pocos direccionados a pacientes con escoliosis congénita y neuromuscular. Métodos En este estudio se analizaron datos de prontuarios electrónicos de pacientes con escoliosis neuromuscular sometidos a artrodesis por vía posterior con instrumentación, entre los años 2014 y 2016. De esa muestra se extrajeron informaciones pertinentes a edad, género, patología y medidas radiográficas en el 2º y 24º mes de postoperatorio. Resultados Fue analizado un total de 39 pacientes con escoliosis neuromuscular. En la muestra hubo predominio de pacientes del sexo masculino (58,87%) y el promedio de edad fue de 14,05 años. La PJK ocurrió en 18 pacientes en el transcurso de 2 años de postoperatorio, con prevalencia de 46,15%. La incidencia de PJK en el 2° y 24° mes de postoperatorio fue de 23,1% y 30%, respectivamente. Conclusiones Se encontró prevalencia de 46,15% de PJK en pacientes con escoliosis neuromuscular tratados quirúrgicamente con instrumentación por vía posterior después de 2 años de seguimiento, confrontando resultados anteriores. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio observacional analítico transversal.

Alinhamento postural e saúde musculoesquelética de praticantes adultos de natação / Postural alignment and musculoskeletal health of swimming adults

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o alinhamento post ural e a saúde musculoesquelética de praticantes adultos de natação de Uruguaiana-RS. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo diagnóstico, quantitativo. Foram incluídos 30 praticantes de natação e coletados dados de: massa corporal e estatura para cálculo do IMC (Índice de Massa Corporal), força/resistência abdominal, mobilidade/flexibilidade lombar, fotogrametria para obter ângulos sagitais da coluna vertebral (torácico e lombar) e possíveis fatores associados, com um questionário. Na análise univariada analisou-se as médias, o desvio padrão, as frequências absolutas e relativas em cada uma das variáveis estudadas, seguidas pelo cálculo do intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Para a análise bivariada, foi utilizado o teste Qui-Quadrado, no qual cada variável independente foi associada às variáveis dependentes dicotomizadas ("desvio lombar" e "desvio torácico"), sendo considerada significância de 0,05. A maioria dos avaliados apresentou excesso de peso (70%) e dor nas costas (83,3%), desvios nos ângulos lombar (60%) e torácico (66,7%). Verificou-se valores aumentados em 33,3% na lordose lombar e em 63,3% na cifose torácica nesta amostra. Houve associação significativa com os desvios no ângulo lo m bar apenas com IMC (p=0,034), prática em outra atividade física (p=0,049) e flexibilidade (p =0 ,0 47). Apenas o tempo diário na postura em pé apresentou associação significativa com a frequência de desvio sagital torácico (p=0,049). Os praticantes de natação, em sua maioria, relataram sentir dor nas co stas, m as não houve associação significativa com o alinhamento sagital dos avaliados. A hipercifose torácica, encontrada em mais da metade desta amostra, foi a alteração sagital mais comum nesta pesquisa e teve associação significativa com o tempo que os indivíduos passam em pé no seu dia-a-dia...(AU)

The aim of this study is to evaluate postural alignment and musculoskeletal health of adults who practice swimming in Uruguaiana-RS. It is a quantitative and descriptive diagnostic study . Were included 30 participants and collected data about: body mass and height to calculate BMI (Bo dy Mass Index), abdominal strength/endurance, lumbar mobility/flexibility, photogrammetry to acquire the sagittal angles of the spine (thoracic and lumbar) and questionnaire to identify possible asso ciated factors. In univariate analyses were analyzed mean and standard deviations as absolute and relative frequencies (ratios) for each variable, preceded by the calculus of 95% confidence interval (95% CI). For a biv ariate analysis, used the Chi-Square Test, and it was possible to use a parameter of significance o f 0 ,05 . T he majority of the subjects presented overweight (70%) and back pain (83.3%), as well as dev iat io n s in lumbar (60%) and thoracic angles (66.7%). It was possible to verify increased values in 33.3% on lum bar lordosis and 63.3% in thoracic kyphosis in this sample. There was only significant association wit h t he deviations in the lumbar angle only the BMI (p = 0.034), the practice in other physical activity (p = 0.049) and flexibility (p = 0.047). Considering the thoracic angle, only the daily time in standing posture presented a significant association with the frequencies of sagittal deviation (p = 0.049). Most swim m ers reported feeling back pain, but there was no significant association with sagit tal align m en t. Th oracic kyphosis was present in more than half of this sample and was the most common sagittal alteration in this study, having a significant association with the time individuals spend in standing posture daily...(AU)

Camptocormia, a propósito de un caso / Camptocormia, on the subject of a case

La camptocormia se define como una rara enfermedad que se presenta en pacientes mayores de 50 años y que se caracteriza por la afectación osteomioarticular que imposibilita realizar las actividades de la vida diaria. El propósito de este estudio es dar a conocer los elementos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de la camptocormia. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 62 años de edad, que acude a consulta con manifestaciones clínicas y dolor. Al examen físico se observó un aumento de la cifosis dorsal con un predominio de la flexión lumbar que causa una inclinación hacia delante del tronco. Los exámenes de laboratorio y estudios imagenológicos permitieron llegar al diagnóstico de camptocormia. Se comenzó tratamiento con diclofenaco sódico en dosis de 100 mg diarios por vía oral durante 10 días y analgésicos. Se interconsultó el caso con el servicio de fisioterapia y rehabilitación para aplicar tratamiento rehabilitador. Esta es una enfermedad que genera gran discapacidad; los trastornos osteomusculares limitan considerablemente la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los pacientes(AU)

Camptocormia is conceptualized as a rare disease that occurs in patients over 50 years of age and is characterized by the presence of osteomyoarticular involvement that makes it impossible to carry out activities of daily living. To present the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic elements of camptocormia. 62-year-old male patient, who consults with clinical manifestations that, together with the results of laboratory examinations and imaging studies, lead to the diagnosis of camptocormia. Camptocormia is a disease that generates great disability; musculoskeletal disorders considerably limit the health-related quality of life of patients with this diseasecamptocormia(AU)

Choice of osteotomy methods for old thoracolumbar osteoporotic fracture with kyphosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical outcome of single or double-segment pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) for the treatment of old thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures with kyphosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 26 patients with old thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures with kyphosis who underwent surgery from January 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 14 females, aged from 58 to 72 years old with an average of 65.6 years. The time interval from fracture to surgery was (8.2±1.5) years. According to different surgical methods, the patients were divided into single-segment PSO group (group A) and double-segment PSO group(groupB). The perioperative data, preoperative and postoperative imaging data and postoperative complications were recorded, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used before and after surgery to evaluate the clinical effect.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 6-24 months with an average of 14.5 months. There was a statistically significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (0.05). The postoperative correction angle of the single segment PSO group was (33.3± 9.4) ° with the correction rate of 85.3% and the double segment PSO group was (41.0±13.5) ° with the correction rate of 92.7%, and there was statistical significance between two groups (0.05). One case of cone injury occurred in the single-segment PSO group and recovered after treatment. There were no complications of spinal cord injury in the double segment group. Loose screws occurred during surgery in three patients in the single-segment PSO group and one patient in the double-segment PSO group (<0.05). All 4 patients were re inserted with screws after using bone cement to reinforce the nail pathway. There were no complications such as anterior spinal vascular and nerve damage or osteotomy unfusion.@*CONCLUSION@#Both single-segment PSO and double-segment PSO can achieve good orthopedic and clinical effects in the treatment of old thoracolumbar osteoporotic fractures with kyphosis. For patients with correction angles greater than 40° , the double-segment PSO provides a better correction angle and is safer, but it is with longer operation time and more intraoperative bleeding.

Strategy of acetabular anteversion in total hip arthroplasty with lumbar degenerative kyphosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate how to place the anteversion of acetabular prosthesis more reasonably in patients with lumbar degenerative kyphosis.@*METHODS@#A total of 122 patients with degenerative kyphosis of lumbar spine who underwent total hip arthroplasty from December 2017 to October 2019 were included and divided into experimental group and control group, 61 cases in each group. In experimental group, there were 25 males and 36 females, with a median age of 67.0 years;the median course of disease was 46.0 months;the functional pelvic plane with acetabular anteversion was set according to different types of pelvic anterior plane bracket. In control group, there were 27 males and 34 females, with a median age of 67.0 years;the median course was 42.0 months;in control group, the anteversion was set by the traditional method. The patients were followed up for 3 months. The operation time and blood loss were recorded. The incidence of infection and dislocation within 3 months was counted. Harris score before and 3 months after operation was recorded. Functional anteversion angle of standing position was measured 3 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#Compared with control group, there was no difference in operation time and blood loss between the two groups (P=0.918, 0.381);there was no infection between two groups within 3 months after operation;there was 1 case of hip joint dislocation in the control group and no dislocation in experimental group. There was no significant difference in Harris score before and after operation. Three months later, reexamination of pelvic standing radiographs showed that the number of patients with functional anteversion of acetabular prosthesis outside the safe area was less in experimental group thanin control group (@*CONCLUSION@#According to the preoperative evaluation and classification of patients, better functional anteversion of acetabular prosthesis can be obtained with the help of pelvic anterior plane reference bracket in hip arthroplasty with lumbar degenerative kyphosis.

Risk factors of recurrent kyphosis in thoracolumbar burst fracture patients treated by short segmental pedicle screw fixation / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the risk factors of recurrent kyphosis after removal of short segmental pedicle screw fixation in patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures.@*METHODS@#Retrospective analysis was conducted of 144 cases of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological impairment treated in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2010 to December 2017. There were 74 males and 70 females, with an average age of (39.1±13.2) years. The distribution of the injured vertebrae was T12: 42, L1: 72 and L2: 30, with fracture types of A3: 90, B1: 25 and B2: 29. The patients were divided into two groups: Recurrent kyphosis group (n=92) and non-recurrent kyphosis group (n=52). SPSS 26.0 software was used for univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#The average follow-up time was 28 (20-113) months. The imaging indexes of pre-operation, 3 days post-operation, 12 months post-operation and the last follow-up were measured and compared. Anterior vertebral body height, segmental kyphosis, vertebral wadge angle and Gardner deformity were significantly improved after operation (P < 0.05), and there were some degrees of loss in the 1-year follow-up; anterior vertebral body height and vertebral wadge angle were no longer changed after the removal of the screws; however, segmental kyphosis and Gardner deformity were still aggravated after the removal of the screws (P < 0.05). There were some degrees of collapse of the height of the upper and lower discs during the follow-up. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two groups in gender, age (36.9 years vs. 43.0 years), upper disc injury, CT value (174 vs. 160), segmental kyphosis (16.6° vs. 13.3°), vertebral wadge angle (16.7° vs. 13.6°), Gardner deformity (19.1° vs. 15.2°) and ratio of anterior vertebral body height (0.65 vs. 0.71). Logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR: 2.88, 95%CI: 1.196-6.933), upper disc injury (OR: 2.962, 95%CI: 1.062-8.258) and injured vertebral wedge angle were risk factors of recurrent kyphosis after removal of internal fixation for thoracolumbar burst fracture (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture can obtain satisfactory effect immediately after posterior short segmental pedicle screw fixation, however, there may be some degree of loss during the follow-up. Male, upper disc injury and injured vertebral wedge angle are the risk factors of recurrent kyphosis after removal of internal fixation for thoracolumbar burst fracture.