Biometrics of the Hand's Middle Finger to Determine Stature in Chilean University Students / Biometría del Dedo Medio de la Mano para Determinar Estatura en Estudiantes Universitarios Chilenos

SUMMARY: Biometrics and forensic osteology play a significant role in human identification, as the morphological uniqueness of every individual enables the differentiation and recognition of skeletal remains. Through meticulous analysis of human remains, it is possible to determine key demographic attributes such as stature, a significant parameter in the forensic identification process. This information is of practical relevance for the identification of individuals in contexts such as disasters, vehicular accidents, terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, and forensic investigations. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the hand's middle finger length and stature in a group of Chilean students. A total of 211 students of both sexes from La Araucanía region, Chile, participated in the study. After obtaining informed consent to participate voluntarily in the study, each individual underwent a general anthropometric examination, followed by a specific assessment of the length of the middle finger (MFL) of both hands. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated a significant prediction of stature using the length of the right (R-MFL) and left (L-MFL) middle fingers, F (2, 207) = 79.80, p < 0.001. The equations for estimating stature based on the length of the middle fingers are as follows: for R-MFL, Stature = 91.265 + (8.092 x R-MFL), and for L-MFL, Stature = 83.967 + (8.889 x L-MF). Based on these results, it was found that the length of the middle finger of both hands is predictive of stature.

La biometría y la osteología forense desempeñan un papel relevante en la identificación humana, dado que la singularidad morfológica de cada individuo permite la diferenciación y reconocimiento de restos óseos. Mediante el análisis meticuloso de los restos humanos, es posible determinar atributos demográficos clave como la estatura, un parámetro significativo en el proceso de identificación forense. Esta información posee relevancia práctica para la identificación de personas en contextos de desastres, accidentes vehiculares, ataques terroristas, conflictos armados e investigaciones forenses. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la correlación entre la longitud del dedo medio de la mano con la estatura, en un grupo de estudiantes chilenos. Se evaluaron 211 estudiantes de ambos sexos de la región de La Araucanía, Chile. Tras obtener el consentimiento informado para participar voluntariamente en el estudio, se sometió a cada individuo a un examen antropométrico general, seguido de una evaluación específica de la longitud del dedo medio (MFL) de ambas manos. Los resultados del análisis de las regresiones lineales múltiples indicaron una significativa predicción de estatura utilizando la longitud de los dedos medios derecho (R-MFL) e izquierdo (L-MFL), F (2, 207) = 79.80, p < 0.001. Las ecuaciones para estimar estatura basados en la longitud de los dedos medios son las siguientes: para R-MFL, Stature = 91.265 + (8.092 x R-MFL) y para L-MFL, Stature = 83.967 + (8.889 x L- MF). A partir de estos resultados, se encontró que la longitud del dedo medio de ambos manos es predictora de estatura.

Correlación entre Vitamina B12 y presión arterial en adultos / Correlation between Vitamin B12 and blood pressure in adults

Introducción. La vitamina B12 incidiría sobre la presión arterial mediante mecanismos hormonales y metabólicos. Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre las concentraciones de vitamina B12 y la presión arterial en adultos. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal, proveniente de una base de datos abierta conformada por 4154 personas de una comunidad mexicana atendida en un establecimiento de salud. Las variables fueron: sexo, vitamina B12 y presión arterial sistólica. Se utilizó las pruebas Ji-cuadrado y prueba t de student. Resultados.los promedios de vitamina B12 fueron menores en presencia de presión arterial igual o mayor a 130 mmHg (hombres:217,12 pg/ml; mujeres204,51 pg/ml) respecto a cuándo se comparó con niveles de presión arterial sistólica entre 90 a 129 mmHg (hombres; 266,98 pg/ml; mujeres: 205,18 og/ml). La correlación entre vitamina B12 y presión arterial fue baja y negativa en hombres (Rho=-0,022; p=0,018), mujeres (Rho=-0,182; p<0,001) y en ambos grupos en conjunto (Rho=-0,171; p<0,001).Conclusión. Los adultos hipertensos tienen menores promedios de vitamina B12 que los normotensos. Asimismo, la vitamina B12 se correlaciona de forma débil y negativa con la presión arterial. Los niveles normales de vitamina B12 con tendencia hacia los limites bajos podrían ser uno de los muchos factores que inciden en la fisiopatología temprana de la hipertensión arterial. Palabras clave: vitamina B 12; presión arterial; estudio observacional; modelos lineales; correlación de datos

Introduction. Vitamin B12 would affect blood pressure through hormonal and metabolic mechanisms.Objective. To analyze the relationship between vitamin B12 concentrations and blood pressure in adults.Materials and Methods. Observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study, from an open database made up of 4,154 people from a Mexican community served in a health facility. The variables were: sex, vitamin B12 and systolic blood pressure. The Chi-square test and student's t test were used.Results. the averages of vitamin B12 were lower in the presence of blood pressure equal to or greater than 130 mmHg (men: 217.12 pg/ml; women 204.51 pg/ml) compared to when it was compared with systolic blood pressure levels between 90 at 129 mmHg (men; 266.98 pg/ml; women: 205.18 og/ml). The correlation between vitamin B12 and blood pressure was low and negative in men (Rho=-0.022; p=0.018), women (Rho=-0.182; p<0.001) and in both groups together (Rho=-0.171; p< 0.001). Conclusion. Hypertensive adults have lower averages of vitamin B12 than normotensive adults. Likewise, vitamin B12 is weakly and negatively correlated with blood pressure. Normal levels of vitamin B12 with a tendency towards low limits could be one of the many factors that influence the early pathophysiology of arterial hypertension. Key words:vitamin B12; arterial pressure; observational study; linear models; correlation of data

Stability of dentin matrix treated with caffeic acid phenethyl ester at different concentrations

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pretreatment with ethanolic solutions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) at varying concentrations on the dentin collagen matrix, specifically focusing on its biomodification potential. This was assessed through evaluations of the modulus of elasticity and changes in mass. Methods: Seventy dentin collagen matrices (demineralized sticks) were prepared to receive treatments with ethanolic solutions of CAPE at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, or 2.5%, or with control treatment solutions (distilled water or ethanol) for one hour. The dentin matrices were evaluated for modulus of elasticity and mass before (baseline), immediately after treatment (immediately), and after storage in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for time intervals of 1 and 3 months. Results: Generalized linear models for repeated measures over time indicated no significant differences between groups (p=0.7530) or between different time points (p=0.4780) in terms of the modulus of elasticity. Regarding mass variation, no differences were observed in the time interval between 1 month and the immediate time (p=0.0935). However, at the 3-month mark compared to the immediate time, the 0.1% CAPE group exhibited less mass loss compared to the water group (p=0.0134). Conclusion: This study concludes that various concentrations of CAPE in an ethanolic solution did not affect the modulus of elasticity of dentin, suggesting that CAPE lacks biomodifying potential in this context. However, it was observed that 0.1% CAPE positively influenced the variation in mass over different evaluation time intervals

Evaluation of Knowledge and Preparedness of Pedodontists and Residents to Prevent and Treat Pediatric Medical Emergencies during Dental Treatments

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of pedodontists and residents in the face of pediatric medical emergencies. Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on pedodontists and residents participating in the Congress. The knowledge evaluation tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability. The questionnaire consisted of seven sections on information and education, prevention, office staff readiness, practical abilities, cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills and intravenous access, medicines, and emergency treatment equipment. After completing the questionnaires, the data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Chi-squared test, t-test, ANOVA, correlation test, and linear regression were used for data analysis (P<0.05). Results: The study examined 150 specialists, 88 residents, and 62 pedodontists. The level of knowledge of specialists and pedodontic residents in the face of pediatric medical emergencies was 35.3% (moderate) and 31.7 (weak), respectively. The specialists' scores on the entire questionnaire and areas of information, medicine, and equipment were significantly higher than those of residents. Moreover, participation in lectures and reading papers significantly increased general awareness. Conclusion: The results indicated that specialists' awareness and pedodontic residents about pediatric medical emergencies during dentistry were at a different level, necessitating more practical and theoretical training.

Caracterização epidemiológica de acidentes com animais peçonhentos entre 2012-2021: revisão sistemática / Epidemiological characterization of accidents with poisonous animals between 2012-2021: systematic review / Caracterización Epidemiológica de acidentes con animales venenosos entre 2012-2021: revisión sistemática

Acidentes por animais peçonhentos são considerados um problema cosmopolita de saúde pública.Poucos são os estudos de revisão acerca da temática encontrados na literatura. Objetivo:definir os principaisaspectos epidemiológicos envolvidos nos acidentes com animais peçonhentos no período 2012-2021.Metodologia:Revisão sistemática, com base no protocolo PRISMA, incluindoartigos publicados entre 2012 e 2021, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, a partir da busca nas bases de dados PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS e Portal de Periódicos CAPES, utilizando a combinação dos descritores "Venoms" AND "Accidents" AND/OR "Epidemiological".Resultados:Foram encontrados 729 artigos, dos quais 17 foram selecionados para comporem esta revisão. A maioria(64,7%)dos artigos utilizaram o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação como fonte de dados, 76,4% evidenciaram o sexo masculino como o principal acometido, 64,7% apontaram a zona rural como principal área de ocorrência e faixa etária de 21-30 anos representou 47,05% dos artigos. Acidentes ofídicos demonstraram maior prevalência(47,05%), seguidos pelos escorpiônicos(23,5%). Os membros inferiores foram os mais acometidos(76,4%). Destacou-se tempo de atendimento de uma até 6 hora. Prevaleceram acidentes leves(82,3%), com bons índices de cura e poucos óbitos quanto comparado com o número total de casos. A soroterapia foi trabalhada em 11(64,7%)estudos, sendo utilizada principalmente em acidentes com serpentes. Dor e edema foram as principais manifestações locais, alterações vagais foram as principais manifestações sistêmicas e necrose, alterações do sistema circulatório e renal foram as principais complicações apontadas.Conclusões:Os achados possibilitaram melhor visualização e entendimento da problemática, reforçando a importância do desenvolvimento de ações interventivas que venham a melhorar os sistemas de saúde locais, colaborando na identificação de falhas e melhorias no atendimento imediato e preventivo em saúde (AU).

manifestations, vagal changes the main systemic manifestations, and necrosis, circulatory and renal system alterations the most important complications reported.Conclusions: The findings allow better visualization and understanding of the problem, reinforcing the importance of intervention to improve local health systems, thereby helping identify the shortcomings and improvements in prompt and preventive treatment (AU).

Los accidentes con animales ponzoñosos constituyen un problema de salud pública cosmopolita. Pocos estudios han realizado una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema.Objetivo: Determinar los principales aspectos epidemiológicos involucrados en los accidentes con animales ponzoñosos entre 2012 y 2021. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, basada en el protocolo PRISMA, que incluye artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2021, en inglés, español y portugués, mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos PUBMED , SCIELO, LILACS y CAPES, y una combinación de los descriptores "Venenos" Y "Accidentes" Y/O "Epidemiológico". Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 729 artículos, de los cuales 17 fueron seleccionados para la revisión. La mayoría (64,7%) de los artículos utilizaron el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria como fuente de datos, el 76,4% encontró que el sexo masculino fue el más afectado, el 64,7% se presentó en la zona rural y el grupo etario de 21 a 30 años representó el 47,05% de las publicaciones. Las mordeduras de serpientes fueron las más prevalentes (47,05%), seguidas de las picaduras de escorpión (23,5%), y los miembros inferiores fueron los más afectados (76,4%). El tiempo de tratamiento fue de hasta 6 horas. Las mordeduras leves fueron las más comunes (82,3%), con buenas tasas de curación y pocas muertes en comparación con el número de casos. La seroterapia se aplicó en 11 (64,7%) estudios, principalmente en mordeduras de serpientes. El dolor y la tumefacción fueron las principales manifestaciones locales, los cambios vágales las principales manifestaciones sistémicas y la necrosis, las alteraciones del sistema circulatorio y renal las complicaciones más importantes reportadas.Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten una mejor visualización y comprensión del problema, reforzando la importancia de la intervención para mejorar los sistemas locales de salud, ayudando así a identificar las falencias y mejoras en el tratamiento oportuno y preventivo (AU).

Trends in occurrences of accidents by venomous animals in brazil: analysis of notifications from 2007 to 2021 / Tendências na ocorrência de acidentes por animais peçonhentos no brasil: análise das notificações de 2007 a 2021 / Tendencias en las ocurrencias de accidentes por animales venenosos en Brasil: análisis de las notificaciones de 2007 a 2021

Os acidentes por animais peçonhentos sãoum problema de saúde pública que apresenta elevado número de casos anuais no Brasil. Objetivo:descrever e analisar as ocorrências de acidentes por animais peçonhentos no Brasil e suas tendências entre 2007 e 2021.Metodologia:oestudo utilizou dados doSistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação edo Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade.A população do estudo foi analisada segundo sexo, faixa etária e região de residência. A análise de tendência da série histórica foi realizada por regressão linear generalizada usando a estimação de Prais-Winsten.Resultados:as taxas de ocorrência padronizadas dobraram no período estudado (53,8/100.000 hab. em 2007 para 111,2/100.000 hab. em 2021). A região Nordeste apresentou a maior taxa de ocorrência padronizada (105,5/100.000 hab.). As regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste apresentaram maior taxa bruta de acidentes por escorpiões (75,8, 48,7 e 32,8 acidentes/100.000 hab., respectivamente), enquanto a região Norte por serpentes (54,2 acidentes/100.000 hab.) e a Região Sul por aranhas (60,3 acidentes/100.000 hab.). A taxa de mortalidade observada no período de 2007 a 2020 foi de 1,3 óbitos/1 milhão de hab. Entre as mortes registradas, 39,6% foram por picada de cobra.Conclusões:as tendências no Brasil foram ascendentes para ambos os sexos e para todas as faixas etárias. Apenas as regiões Norte e Sul apresentaram algumas categorias com tendências estacionárias. A análise dos dados epidemiológicos possibilita a identificação de populações-alvo e a elaboração de políticas públicas a fim de prevenir novos acidentes, bem como aprimorar o atendimento às pessoas acometidas por meio do planejamento da distribuição de soros antiofídicos (AU).

Accidents by venomous animals is a public health problem that presents a high number of annual cases in Brazil.Objective:to describe and analyze the occurrences of accidents by venomous animalsin Brazil and their trends between 2007 and 2021.Methodology:the study used Notifiable Diseases Information Systemand Mortality Information Systemdata. The study population wasanalyzed according to sex, age group, and region of residence. Trend analysis of the historical series was performed by generalized linear regression using Prais-Winsten estimation.Results:the standardized occurrence rates doubled during the studied period (53.8/100,000 inhab. in 2007 to 111.2/100,000 inhab. in 2021). The Northeast region had the highest standardized occurrence rate (105.5/100,000 inhab.). The Northeast, Southeast, and Midwest regions had a higher crude rate of accidents caused by scorpions (75.8, 48.7 and 32.8 accidents/100,000 inhab., respectively), while the North region by snakes (54.2 accidents/100,000 inhab.), and the South region by spiders (60.3 accidents/100,000 inhab.). Death rate observed in the period from 2007 to 2020 was 1.3deaths/1 million inhab. Among the deaths registered, 39.6% were from snakebite.Conclusions:trends in Brazil were ascendant for both sexes and for all age groups. Only the North and South regions showed some categories with stationary trends. The analysis of epidemiological data makes it possible the identification of target populations and elaborations of public policies in order to prevent new accidents, as well as the improvement of care for affected people by planning the distribution of antivenom serums (AU).

Los accidentes por animales venenosos son un problema de salud pública que presenta un elevado número de casos anuales en Brasil. Objetivo: describir y analizar lasocurrencias de accidentes por animales venenosos en Brasil y sus tendencias entre 2007 y 2021.Metodología: el estudio utilizó datos del sistema de información de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria(SINAN, según su sigla en portugués)ydelsistema de información de mortalidad. La población delestudio se analizó según sexo, grupo de edad y región de residencia. El análisis de tendencia de la serie histórica se realizó mediante regresión lineal generalizada utilizando la estimación de Prais-Winsten.Resultados: las tasas de ocurrencia estandarizadas se duplicaron durante el período estudiado (de 53,8/100000 hab. en 2007 a 111,2/100000 hab. en 2021). La región Nordeste presentó la mayor tasa de ocurrencia estandarizada (105,5/100000 hab.). Las regiones Nordeste, Sudeste y Medio Oeste presentaron la mayor tasa bruta de accidentes por alacranes (75,8, 48,7 y 32,8 accidentes/100000 hab., respectivamente), mientras que la región Norte por serpientes (54,2 accidentes/100000 hab.), y la Región Sur por arañas (60,3 accidentes/100000 hab.). La tasa de mortalidad observada en el período de 2007 a 2020 fue de 1,3 muertes/1 millón de hab. Entre las muertes registradas, el 39,6% fueron por mordedura de serpiente.Conclusiones: las tendencias en Brasil fueron ascendentes para ambos sexos y para todos los grupos de edad. Solo las regiones Norte y Sur presentaron algunas categorías con tendencias estacionarias. El análisis de datos epidemiológicos posibilita la identificación de poblaciones objetivo y la elaboración de políticas públicas para la prevención de nuevos accidentes, así como la mejora de la atención a las personas afectadas mediante la planificación de la distribución de sueros antiofídicos (AU).

Actitudes hacia el aborto deseado en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud chilenos / Attitudes towards wanted abortion among Chilean health sciences students

Introducción: La interrupción del embarazo mediando principalmente la voluntad de la mujer, es decir, cuando una mujer desea abortar para terminar su embarazo por cualquier razón, es un procedimiento controversial. Las actitudes individuales de los profesionales de la salud hacia este procedimiento influirían sobre la aceptación o el rechazo de realizarlo y, por ende, afectarían su acceso en el sistema de salud. Objetivo: Relacionar actitudes hacia la interrupción del embarazo con características sociodemográficas y académicas de estudiantes chilenos de enfermería, medicina y obstetricia y puericultura. Método: Estudio cuantitativo con diseño observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Reclutamos estudiantes universitarios con un muestreo no probabilístico. Recolectamos datos mediante cuestionarios virtuales autoadministrados. Preguntamos por la intención de realizar o asistir un aborto médico o quirúrgico frente a 15 escenarios distintos y creamos un índice con estas respuestas. Calculamos estadísticas descriptivas básicas y creamos modelos de regresión lineal. Consideramos significancia estadística si p < 0,05. Resultados: Participaron 229, 306 y 233 estudiantes de enfermería, medicina y obstetricia y puericultura, respectivamente (en total, 768). En el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, declararse cristiano (β = −0,248) y afirmar que la religión es muy o totalmente importante en la vida (β = −0,269) se asociaron más fuertemente y de manera inversa y significativa con el índice de intención de realizar o asistir un aborto médico o quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La religión es un factor que influiría decisivamente sobre las actitudes hacia la interrupción del embarazo. Los escenarios más positivamente valorados podrían explicarse considerando que las leyes reflejarían los valores predominantes de una sociedad.

Introduction: Termination of pregnancy mediated primarily by the womans will, i.e., when a woman wishes to have an abortion to terminate her pregnancy for any reason, is a controversial procedure. The individual attitudes of health professionals towards this procedure would affect the degree of acceptance or rejection of performing this procedure and, therefore, would affect its accessibility in the health system. Objective: To relate attitudes towards abortion with sociodemographic and academic characteristics of Chilean nursing, medicine and midwifery students. Method: Quantitative study with observational, cross-sectional and descriptive design. We recruited university students with non-probabilistic sampling. We collected data through self-administered virtual questionnaires. We asked about the intention to perform an abortion in 15 different scenarios and created an index with these responses. We calculated basic descriptive statistics and created linear regression models. We considered statistical significance if p < 0.05. Results: 229, 306 and 233 students from nursing, medicine and midwifery participated, respectively (total: 768). In the multiple linear regression model, declaring oneself a Christian (β = −0.248) and stating that religion is very or totally important in life (β = −0.269) were inversely and significantly associated with the index of intention to perform an abortion. Conclusions: Religion is a factor that would decisively influence attitudes toward termination of pregnancy. The more positively valued scenarios could be explained by considering that laws would reflect the predominant values of a society.

Nationwide Stature Estimation from Forearm Length Measurements in Montenegrin Adolescents / Estimación de la Estatura a Partir de Mediciones de la Longitud del Antebrazo en Adolescentes Montenegrinos

SUMMARY: The purpose of this research is to determine a regression equation for estimation of stature from forearm length measurements. This research was carried out on 1200 subjects (604 male and 596 female) among the population of Montenegrin adolescents. The stature and forearm length measurements were taken according to the ISAK protocol, and the data were analyzed statistically. Linear regression analysis determined the prediction of forearm length on the criterion variable a body height at the significance level of p <0.05. These relations are presented in the form of scatter diagram. Thereby, we obtained the coefficient of determination, the multiple correlation coefficients, the partial correlation coefficient, the regression, t-test and standardized beta coefficient. The results of this research study confirmed that forearm length reliably predicts stature in both sexes of Montenegrin adolescents and revealed a very useful finding for physical anthropologists and experts from related fields. It was confirmed that there is a correlation between forearm length and body height (males: 31.9 %, females: 33.3 %).

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar una ecuación de regresión para la estimación de la estatura a partir de medidas de la longitud del antebrazo. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en 1200 sujetos (604 hombres y 596 mujeres) entre la población de adolescentes montenegrinos. Las medidas de estatura y longitud del antebrazo se tomaron de acuerdo con el protocolo ISAK y los datos se analizaron estadísticamente. El análisis de regresión lineal determinó la predicción de la longitud del antebrazo en la variable de criterio una altura del cuerpo en el nivel de significación de p <0,05. Estas relaciones se presentan en forma de diagrama de dispersión. De tal manera obtuvimos el coeficiente de determinación, los coeficientes de correlación múltiple, el coeficiente de correlación parcial, la regresión, la prueba t y el coeficiente beta estandarizado. Los resultados de este estudio confirmaron que la longitud del antebrazo predice de manera confiable la estatura en adolescentes montenegrinos de ambos sexos y reveló un hallazgo muy útil para los antropólogos físicos y expertos en áreas relacionadas. Se confirmó que existe una correlación entre la longitud del antebrazo y la altura del cuerpo (hombres: 31,9 %, mujeres: 33,3 %).

Vértigo en gestantes: presentación clínica, impacto en la calidad de vida y factores asociados / Vertigo in pregnancy: clinical presentation, impact on quality of life and associated factors

OBJETIVO: Evaluar las características clínicas, el impacto en la calidad de vida y los factores asociados con vértigo en gestantes hospitalizadas en una institución de alta complejidad. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal. Se realizó una encuesta dirigida a la presencia de vértigo y sus características clínicas en 2020-2021. La calidad de vida se evaluó con el cuestionario Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). El análisis estadístico incluyó un modelo lineal generalizado. RESULTADOS: De 103 mujeres, el 19,4% indicaron vértigo principalmente en el segundo trimestre de gestación (60%), con una mediana de 3,5 (rango intercuartil: 1,5-7,5) episodios. Fueron referidos vértigos episódicos asociados con cambios posicionales (40%), acompañados de inestabilidad (60%), cefalea (60%), fotopsias (55%) y tinnitus (45%). Las mujeres con vértigo presentaron mayor frecuencia de discapacidad moderada a grave en las dimensiones del DHI emocional (30 vs. 2,4%; p = 0,001), funcional (40 vs. 2,4%; p < 0,001) y física (55 vs. 2,4%; p < 0,001) en comparación con las mujeres sin la patología. La hospitalización durante el embarazo Razón de proporción (RP): 4,02; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,64-9,85; p = 0,002) y la presencia de vértigo pregestacional (RP: 2,37; IC95%: 1,15-4,88; p = 0,019) se identificaron como factores asociados. CONCLUSIONES: La alta frecuencia de vértigo en las gestantes sugiere la importancia de estudiar esta condición durante el embarazo, para lograr un manejo integral y generar acciones de prevención y control efectivas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical characteristics, impact on quality of life and factors associated with vertigo in pregnant women hospitalized in a highly complex institution. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022. One focused survey including Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was performed. The statistical analysis was performed using a generalized lineal regression. RESULTS: 103 patients were included, 19.4% indicated vertigo mostly during the second semester (60%). A median of 3.5 episodes was obtained (RIC: 1.5-7.5). Positional and episodic vertigos (40%) associated with unsteadiness (60%), headache (60%), photopsia (55%) and tinnitus (45%) were described. DHI in pregnant females with vertigo compared to those without vertigo, presented higher rates of moderate to severe disability in the emotional (30 vs. 2.4%: p = 0.001), functional (40 vs. 2.4%; p < 0.001) and physical (55 vs. 2.4%; p < 0.001) dimensions. Hospitalizations during the pregnancy (RP: 4.02; 95%CI: 1.64-9.85; p = 0.002) and previous episodes before pregnancy (RP: 2.37; 95%CI: 1.15-4.88; p = 0.019) were identified as associated factors with current vertigo episodes. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of vertigo in pregnant women suggests the importance of studying this condition during pregnancy, to achieve comprehensive management and generate effective prevention and control actions.

Sistema de cotas e desempenho acadêmico: estudo seccional em uma universidade pública brasileira / Quota system and academic performance: sectional study in a brazilian public university / Sistema de cuotas y rendimiento académico: estudio seccional en una universidad pública brasileña

Introdução: A lei de cotas (nº 12.711/2012) foi criada com o intuito de oportunizar o acesso de alunos oriundos de escolas públicas ao ensino superior. Desde então, medidas adicionais foram tomadas para garantir, não só o acesso, mas a permanência destes alunos nas universidades. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho acadêmico dealunos cotistas e não cotistas da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Metodologia: Foram coletados dados de alunos matriculados nos anos de 2020 e2021 por meio de um questionário on-line e realizada a análise de histórico acadêmico dos voluntários. A análise dos dados foi realizada com software Jamovi versão 1.6.23, utilizando os testesQui-quadrado, t de Student para amostras independentes e análise de regressão linear multivariada. Em todas as análises foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Com uma taxa de resposta de 39,92% (n=200), os resultados demonstraram haver um melhor desempenho acadêmico para o grupo não-cotista no que se refere ao Coeficiente de Rendimento Geral (p=0,001). Além disso, alunos do grupo cotista enfrentam mais dificuldades quando comparados aos não-cotistas (p<0,0001). Na análise múltipla verificou-se que juntas, forma de ingresso (cotista ou não), o enfrentamento de dificuldades, recebimento de auxílios e atividades fora da Faculdade explicam quase 10% da variável Coeficiente de Rendimento Geral (R² = 0,098). Conclusões: A complexidade da comparação sugere a possibilidade de múltiplas causas, entre elas o fator socioeconômico e outras dificuldades experienciadas. Entender e atuar nestas causas é de fundamental importância para a construção de uma universidade inclusiva de qualidade (AU).

Introduction:The quota law (nº 12.711/2012) was created with the objective of providing opportunities for students from public schools to enter federal universities. Since then, additional measures have been taken to ensure not only the access, but the permanence of these students in universities. Objectives:This study aimed to assess the academic performance of quota students and non-quota students at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Pará. Methods:Data were collected from students enrolled in the years 2020 and 2021 through an online questionnaire and the academic history of the volunteers was analyzed. Data analysis was performed with Jamovi software version 1.6.23, using the chi-square test, Student's t test for independent samples, and multivariate linear regression analysis. In all analyses, a significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results:With a response rate of 39.92% (n=200), the results showed a better academic performance for the non-quotastudents with regard to the General PerformanceCoefficient (p=0.001). In addition, quota students face more difficulties when compared to non-quota students (p<0.0001). In the multiple analysis, it was found that the admission modality (quota students or non-quota students), facing difficulties, receiving aid, and activities outside the University explained together almost 10% of the General Performance Coefficient variable (R² = 0.098). Conclusion:The complexity of the comparison suggests the possibility of multiple causes, including the socioeconomic factor and other difficulties experienced. Understanding and acting on these causes is of fundamental importance for the construction of a quality inclusive university (AU).

Introducción: La ley de cuotas (nº 12.711/2012) fue creada con el objetivo de brindar a estudiantes de colegios públicosla oportunidad de ingresar a una universidad federal. Desde entonces, se han tomado medidas adicionales para asegurar, no solo el acceso, sino también la permanencia de estos estudiantes en las universidades. Objetivos:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos con cuota y los sin cuota de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Pará. Métodos:Se recolectaron datos de estudiantes matriculados en los años 2020 y 2021 a través de un cuestionario en línea y se realizó el análisis del historial académico de los voluntarios. El análisis de datos se realizó con el software Jamovi versión 1.6.23, utilizando la prueba de qui-cuadrado, prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y análisis de regresión lineal multivariado. En todos los análisis se adoptó un nivel de significación de 0.05. Resultados:Con una tasa de respuesta del 39.92% (n=200), los resultados mostraron un mejor rendimiento académico de los alumnos sin cuotacon respecto al Coeficiente de Rendimiento General (p=0.001). Además, los estudiantes con cuota enfrentan más dificultades cuando comparados a los estudiantes sin cuota (p<0.0001). En el análisis múltiple, se encontró que,en conjunto, la forma de ingreso (alumnos con cuota o sin cuota), enfrentar las dificultades, recibir ayudas y actividades fuera de la Facultad explican casi el 10% de la variable Coeficiente de Rendimiento General(R² = 0,098). Conclusión:La complejidad de la comparación sugiere la posibilidad de múltiples causas, incluido el factor socioeconómico y otras dificultades experimentadas. Comprender y actuar sobre estas causas es de fundamental importancia para la construcción de una universidad inclusiva de calidad (AU).

Global burden and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide for many years. This study aimed to investigate the global patterns and trends of lung cancer.@*METHODS@#Lung cancer incidence and mortality were derived from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database. Continuous data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends were used to analyze the temporal trends from 2000 to 2012 using Joinpoint regression, and average annual percent changes were calculated. The association between the Human Development Index and lung cancer incidence and mortality was assessed by linear regression.@*RESULTS@#An estimated 2.2 million new lung cancer cases and 1.8 million lung cancer-related deaths occurred in 2020. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) ranged from 36.8 per 100,000 in Demark to 5.9 per 100,000 in Mexico. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) varied from 32.8 per 100,000 in Poland to 4.9 per 100,000 in Mexico. Both ASIR and ASMR were approximately twice higher in men than in women. The ASIR of lung cancer showed a downward trend in the United States of America (USA) between 2000 and 2012, and was more prominent in men. The age-specific incidence rates of lung cancer for ages of 50 to 59 years showed an upward trend in China for both men and women.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The burden of lung cancer is still unsatisfactory, especially in developing countries like China. Considering the effectiveness of tobacco control and screening in developed countries, such as the USA, there is a need to strengthen health education, accelerate the establishment of tobacco control policies and regulations, and improve early cancer screening awareness to reduce the future burden of lung cancer.

An examination of predictive markers for successful sperm extraction procedures: a linear model and systematic review / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The authors performed a comprehensive review of current literature to create a model comparing commonly evaluated variables in male factor infertility, for example, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testicular volume (TV), and testosterone (T), to better predict sperm retrieval rate (SRR). Twenty-nine studies were included, 9 with data on conventional testicular sperm extraction (cTESE) for a total of 1227 patients and 20 studies including data on microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) for a total of 4760 patients. A weighted-means value of SRR, FSH, T, and TV was created, and a weighted linear regression was then used to describe associations among SRR, type of procedure, FSH, T, and TV. In this study, weighted-means values demonstrated mTESE to be superior to cTESE with an SRR of 51.9% vs 40.1%. Multiple weighted linear regressions were created to describe associations among SRR, procedure type, FSH, T, and TV. The models showed that for every 1.19 mIU ml-1 increase in FSH, there would be a significant decrease in SRR by 1.0%. Seeking to create a more clinically relevant model, FSH values were then divided into normal, moderate elevation, and significant elevation categories (FSH <10 mIU ml-1, 10-19 mIU ml-1, and >20 mIU ml-1, respectively). For an index patient undergoing cTESE, the retrieval rates would be 57.1%, 44.3%, and 31.2% for values normal, moderately elevated, and significantly elevated, respectively. In conclusion, in a large meta-analysis, mTESE was shown to be more successful than cTESE for sperm retrievals. FSH has an inverse relationship to SRR in retrieval techniques and can alone be predictive of cTESE SRR.

Modeling Methods and Influencing Factors for Age Estimation Based on DNA Methylation / 法医学杂志

Age estimation based on tissues or body fluids is an important task in forensic science. The changes of DNA methylation status with age have certain rules, which can be used to estimate the age of the individuals. Therefore, it is of great significance to discover specific DNA methylation sites and develop new age estimation models. At present, statistical models for age estimation have been developed based on the rule that DNA methylation status changes with age. The commonly used models include multiple linear regression model, multiple quantile regression model, support vector machine model, artificial neural network model, random forest model, etc. In addition, there are many factors that affect the level of DNA methylation, such as the tissue specificity of methylation. This paper reviews these modeling methods and influencing factors for age estimation based on DNA methylation, with a view to provide reference for the establishment of age estimation models.

Effect of health management service for hypertension patients under framework of Basic Public Health Service Project: a regression discontinuity design / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effect of health management service on hypertension patients (HMSFHP) under the framework of the Basic Public Health Service Project by using regression discontinuity design. Methods: The participants were enrolled from an observational cohort survey in 2015 and followed up was conducted in 2019. The participants with SBP 130-150 mmHg and/or DBP 80-100 mmHg in the baseline survey of the cohort in 2015 were included in the present study. Additionally, we obtained the dates of participants receiving HMSFHP and their blood pressure data from follow-up records, physical examination records and telephone interview. The participants were divided into intervention group and control group based on the cutoff points, i.e. SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg. The local linear regression model were used to estimate the effect of HMSFHP on reducing blood pressure of the participants. Results: After adjusting for age, sex and time length of receiving HMSFHP, the results of the model including participants with 80-100 mmHg for DBP in 2015 indicated that, for the participants who received HMSFHP, the DBP decreased by 6.66 mmHg from 2015 to 2019. For the participants with SBP 130-150 mmHg in 2015, the reduction estimate of the model was -6.17 mmHg, the difference was not significant (P=0.178), suggesting that receiving HMSFHP did not cause change in SBP for the participants who received HMSFHP. Conclusion: Receiving HMSFHP had effect to reduce DBP, and HMSFHP had a positive effect on the control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Dental Fear/Anxiety in Children and Child Emotional and Behavioural Problems

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between emotional and behavioural problems and dental fear/anxiety (DFA) in children aged four to 12 years treated at a clinic in southern Brazil. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study where mother-child dyads were interviewed, emotional and behavioural problems were investigated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (considering five subscales). Children's DFA was evaluated through the Venham Picture Test. For each SDQ subscale, Poisson regression model was explored. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated, considering a significant level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: Overall, 128 children participated in this study. Most children were female (54.7%) and aged between 7 and 9 years (39.8%). The prevalence of emotional problems was 47.7% and behavioural problems were 46.1%. The prevalence of DFA was 18.8%. Children with emotional problems had a 2.3 higher prevalence of DFA (95%CI 1.06-5.04). In general, behavioural problems were not associated with DFA (95%CI 0.84-3.34) only when conduct problems were considered (2.20; 95%CI 1.02-4.70). Conclusion: Children aged between 4 and 12 years who present emotional and conduct problems tend to show higher DFA.

A novel differential diagnosis algorithm for chronic lymphocytic leukemia using immunophenotyping with flow cytometry

Abstract Introduction The availability of a clinical decision algorithm for diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may greatly contribute to the diagnosis of CLL, particularly in cases with ambiguous immunophenotypes. Herein we propose a novel differential diagnosis algorithm for the CLL diagnosis using immunophenotyping with flow cytometry. Methods The hierarchical logistic regression model (Backward LR) was used to build a predictive algorithm for the diagnosis of CLL, differentiated from other lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). Results A total of 302 patients, of whom 220 (72.8%) had CLL and 82 (27.2%), B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders other than CLL, were included in the study. The Backward LR model comprised the variables CD5, CD43, CD81, ROR1, CD23, CD79b, FMC7, sIg and CD200 in the model development process. The weak expression of CD81 and increased intensity of expression in markers CD5, CD23 and CD200 increased the probability of CLL diagnosis, (p < 0.05). The odd ratio for CD5, C23, CD200 and CD81 was 1.088 (1.050 - 1.126), 1.044 (1.012 - 1.077), 1.039 (1.007 - 1.072) and 0.946 (0.921 - 0.970) [95% C.I.], respectively. Our model provided a novel diagnostic algorithm with 95.27% of sensitivity and 91.46% of specificity. The model prediction for 97.3% (214) of 220 patients diagnosed with CLL, was CLL and for 91.5% (75) of 82 patients diagnosed with an LPD other than CLL, was others. The cases were correctly classified as CLL and others with a 95.7% correctness rate. Conclusions Our model highlighting 4 markers (CD81, CD5, CD23 and CD200) provided high sensitivity and specificity in the CLL diagnosis and in distinguishing of CLL among other LPDs.

Knowledge and practices surrounding outbreaks and COVID-19 among community health workers in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study

Introduction: Community Health Workers (CHW) are a critical resource for outbreak preparedness and response. However, CHWs´ ability to respond to outbreaks depends on their accurate knowledge of the disease and proper adoption of disease prevention practices. We explored knowledge and practices related to outbreaks in general, and COVID-19 among CHWs in Rwanda. Methods: this cross-sectional multimethod study used stratified simple random sampling to recruit three cadres of CHWs (agents de santé maternelle, female Binomes, and male Binomes ) from three rural Rwandan districts. We used telephone-based data collection to administer quantitative surveys (N=292) and qualitative interviews (N=24) in September 2020. We calculated descriptive statistics and conducted thematic analysis of qualitative data. We assessed for associations between general outbreak-related knowledge and receipt of training using Chi-square tests and between COVID-19 related knowledge and CHW characteristics and adoption of prevention methods using linear regression models. Results: only 56.2% of CHWs had received training on any health topic in 12 months prior to COVID-19 pandemic and only 19.2% had specifically received training on outbreak preparedness. Almost all CHWs reported preventing COVID-19 by wearing facemasks (98%), washing hands (95%), and social distancing in crowds (89%) with fewer reporting staying at home (50%), sneezing or coughing into an elbow (38%) or using hand sanitizer (18%). Almost all CHWs in our study knew that COVID-19 transmit through respiratory droplets (98%) and by infected surfaces (98%) and that asymptomatic spread is possible (91%). However, fewer than half of community health workers correctly affirmed that children were at low risk of becoming severely ill (48%) and only 32% correctly rejected the misconception that everyone with COVID-19 would become severely ill. There was no association between COVID-19-related knowledge and adoption of COVID-19 preventative practices. Qualitative findings suggested that while CHWs possessed lots of correct information about COVID-19 and reported good adherence to COVID-19 prevention practices, they also commonly held misconceptions that over-exaggerated the dangers of COVID-19. Conclusion: gaps in knowledge, training, and access to information point to a need for additional investment in supervision and credible informational systems to support CHWs.

Comparison of Accuracy Between Pulp/Tooth Ratio and Tooth Coronal Index Methods for Dental Age Estimation Using Digital Panoramic Radiographs

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the reliability and the accuracy of Tooth Coronal Index (TCI) and Pulp/Tooth Ratio (PTR) methods in dental age estimation using digital panoramic radiography. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 237 dental panoramic images were collected. The two methods (TCI and PTR) were applied to all left mandibular first and second molars based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In order to analyze the acquired data, statistical methods were used. The estimated ages derived by exclusive formula were compared to the chronological age, and the error ranges for each indicator were measured to determine their accuracy. Results: There were negative correlations between PTR in the first molar (r=-0.89) and in the second molar (r=-0.788), as well as TCI in the first molar (r=-0.587) and in the second molar (r=-.242). In this study, we found that the Pulp/Tooth Ratio (PTR) accuracy rate for mandibular first and second molar teeth was 79.21% and 62.09 %, respectively, although the Tooth Coronal Index (TCI) value for these teeth was 34.45% and 5.85%. Conclusion: Pulp/Tooth Ratio and Tooth Coronal Index are potential age estimation indices. Although PTR was the more accurate one in our study. The results also demonstrated that indices related to the first molar tooth could be used to estimate age with greater accuracy and validity.

Recent changes in trends of mortality from cervical cancer in Southeastern Brazil / Mudanças recentes nas tendências da mortalidade por câncer de colo do útero no Sudeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the trends of cervical cancer mortality in Brazilian Southeastern states, and to compare them to Brazil and other regions between 1980 and 2020. METHODS Time series study based on data from the Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (Brazilian Mortality Information System). Death data were corrected by proportional redistribution of deaths from ill-defined causes and cervical cancer of unspecified portion. Age-standardized and age-specific rates were calculated by screening target (25-39 years; 40-64 years) and non-target (65 years or older) age groups. Annual percentage changes (APC) were estimated by linear regression model with breakpoints. The coverage of Pap Smear exam in the Unified Health System (SUS) was evaluated between 2009 and 2020 according to age group and locality. RESULTS There were increases in corrected mortality rates both in 1980 and in 2020 in all regions, with most evident increments at the beginning of the series. There was a decrease in mortality nationwide between 1980-2020; however, the state of São Paulo showed a discrete upward trend in 2014-2020 (APC=1.237; 95%CI 0.046-2.443). Noteworthy is the trend increment in the 25-39 year-old group in all study localities, being sharper in the Southeast region in 2013-2020 (APC=5.072; 95%CI 3.971-6.185). Screening coverage rates were highest in São Paulo and lowest in Rio de Janeiro, with a consistent decline from 2012 onwards at all ages. CONCLUSIONS São Paulo is the first Brazilian state to show a reversal trend in mortality from cervical cancer. The changes in mortality patterns identified in this study point to the need for reorganization of the current screening program, which should be improved to ensure high coverage, quality, and adequate follow-up of all women with altered test results.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar as tendências da mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero nos estados da região Sudeste e compará-las com o Brasil e demais regiões entre 1980 e 2020. MÉTODOS Estudo de série temporal com base nos dados do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade. Os dados de óbito foram corrigidos por redistribuição proporcional das mortes por causas mal definidas e por câncer de útero de porção não especificada. Foram calculadas taxas padronizadas por idade e específicas por faixas etárias alvo de rastreamento (25-39 anos; 40-64 anos) e não alvo (65 anos ou mais). Variações percentuais anuais foram estimadas por modelo de regressão linear com pontos de quebra. A cobertura do exame Papanicolaou no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) foi avaliada entre 2009 e 2020 segundo faixa etária e localidade. RESULTADOS Foram verificados aumentos das taxas de mortalidade corrigidas tanto em 1980 como em 2020 em todas as regiões, com incrementos mais evidentes no início da série. Houve queda da mortalidade em todo o país entre 1980-2020, entretanto, o estado de São Paulo apresentou discreta tendência de aumento em 2014-2020 (APC=1,237; IC95% 0,046-2,443). Destaca-se o incremento da tendência no grupo de 25-39 anos em todas as localidades de estudo, mostrando-se mais acentuado na região Sudeste em 2013-2020 (APC=5,072; IC95% 3,971-6,185). As taxas de cobertura de rastreamento foram mais elevadas em São Paulo e mais baixas no Rio de Janeiro, com queda consistente a partir de 2012 em todas as idades. CONCLUSÕES São Paulo é o primeiro estado brasileiro a apresentar inversão de tendência da mortalidade por câncer de colo do útero. As mudanças nos padrões de mortalidade identificadas neste estudo apontam para a necessidade de reorganização do atual programa de rastreamento, que deve ser aperfeiçoado para garantir alta cobertura, qualidade e seguimento adequado de todas as mulheres com exames alterados.

Estado nutricional de vitamina E e fatores de risco cardiovascular em adultos e idosos: estudo Brazuca Natal / Nutritional status of vitamin E and cardiovascular risk factors in adults and elderly people: Brazuca Natal study

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) são a principal causa de morbimortalidade no mundo. Diante disso, são estudadas estratégias de prevenção e tratamento de eventos cardiovasculares. Dentre elas, a vitamina E destaca-se por suas propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias, apoiado por descobertas de que maior ingestão dietética de vitamina E e maiores concentrações de α-tocoferol (α-TOH) sérico estão associados com menor risco de eventos cardiovasculares. Com isso, dados sobre o estado nutricional de vitamina E da população e a sua relação com os fatores de risco cardiovascular são estratégias importantes para subsidiar programas e políticas públicas voltadas a prevenção e tratamento das DCV. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional de vitamina E e a relação com fatores de risco cardiovascular em adultos e idosos do Estudo Brazuca Natal. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de diferentes métodos. 1) A revisão narrativa que investigou na literatura estudos populacionais sobre a relação da vitamina E e as DCV, buscando compreender se a deficiência de vitamina E (DVE) também deve ser considerada um problema de saúde pública. 2) Estudo transversal que se decompõe, a partir das variáveis dependentes, em dois artigos científicos. O primeiro artigo desse estudo buscou avaliar a prevalência de DVE e os fatores de risco cardiovascular que estão associados ao status do α-TOH sérico em adultos e idosos do estudo Brazuca Natal. Análise de regressão linear múltipla foi realizada entre o αTOH sérico (variável dependente) e fatores de risco cardiovascular. O segundo artigo do estudo transversal objetivou avaliar o consumo de vitamina E, e identificar as principais fontes alimentares consumidas do micronutriente pela população avaliada. Para tanto, foram analisadas as condições socioeconômicas e demográficas (sexo, idade, cor/raça, escolaridade, renda per capita e distrito sanitário de moradia) e o consumo alimentar de vitamina E (variável dependente). Resultados: Na revisão narrativa foi observado que a DVE pode ser um problema de saúde pública, por ocorrer uma variação de 0,6% a 55,5% de DVE em todo o mundo, com percentuais mais elevados na Ásia e na Europa, onde se destacam as elevadas taxas de mortalidade por DCV. Estudos populacionais sugerem efeitos protetores da vitamina E nas DCV, porém, estudos de intervenção com suplementação de α-TOH não confirmaram a sua ação cardioprotetora. No artigo 2 do estudo transversal foi observado que 24,8% dos adultos e idosos de Natal apresentavam DVE e 89% apresentaram baixas concentrações de αTOH circulante (abaixo de 30 µmol/L). Verificamos que as pessoas do sexo feminino tinham maiores valores médios de α-TOH sérico. Além disso, o índice de adiposidade visceral elevado e maiores valores do escore de risco global foram associados a maiores concentrações de α-TOH sérico. O artigo 3 demonstrou que 95,7% dos indivíduos apresentavam baixa ingestão de vitamina E, considerando a Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) de 12 mg/dia, com menores valores de ingestão em indivíduos acima de 40 anos, mulheres, naqueles com renda per capita menor que um salário-mínimo e com menor escolaridade. O óleo de soja, polpa de açaí e carne vermelha forneceram o maior teor de vitamina E ingerida. Conclusão: A partir da revisão narrativa, foi demonstrado que a DVE pode ser um problema de saúde pública. O estudo transversal observou uma elevada prevalência de DVE na população estudada, em que o sexo, o índice de adiposidade visceral e o escore de risco global estão associados ao α-TOH sérico. Além disso, foi observado um baixo consumo de vitamina E, principalmente, em indivíduos mais velhos, mulheres e com baixa condição socioeconômica. A maior parte da vitamina E consumida era proveniente do óleo de soja, polpa de açaí e carne vermelha, destacando-se também a vitamina E proveniente de alimentos ultraprocessados, principalmente, na população de menor renda (AU).

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Therefore, experts have studied strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular events. One of this knowledge is vitamin E stands out for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supported by findings that higher dietary intake of vitamin E and higher concentrations of serum α-tocopherol (α-TOH) are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, data on the nutritional status of vitamin E in the population and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors are relevant strategies to support programs and public policies aimed at preventing and treating CVD. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin E and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in adults and older adults in the Brazuca Natal Study. Methods: This is a study of different methodological strategies. 1) The narrative review aimed to verify if surveys could demonstrate an association between serum vitamin E and the occurrence of CVD. Moreover, we would like to understand whether vitamin E deficiency (VED) should also be considered a public health problem. 2) Cross-sectional study, divided into two scientific articles. The first article of this study sought to evaluate the prevalence of VED and cardiovascular risk factors that are associated with serum α-TOH status in adults and elderly people from the Brazuca Natal study. We performed a multiple linear regression analysis between serum α-TOH (dependent variable) and cardiovascular risk factors. The second article aimed to evaluate vitamin E intake, and we would like to identify the principal food sources of this micronutrient intake. To this end, we analyzed socioeconomic and demographic conditions (sex, age, color/race, education, per capita income, and health district of residence), and vitamin E intake (dependent variable). Results: In the narrative review, we observed that VED could be a public health problem. The prevalence of VED varies from 0.6% to 55.5% in the world, with higher percentages in Asia and Europe, where the high mortality rates from CVD stand out. Population studies suggest the protective effects of vitamin E on CVD. However, intervention studies with α-TOH supplementation have not confirmed its cardioprotective action. In article 2 of the crosssectional study, we observed that 24.8% of adults and older adults in Natal had VED, and 89% had low concentrations of circulating α-TOH (below 30 µmol/L). Furthermore, high visceral adiposity index and higher global risk score values were associated with higher serum α-TOH concentrations. Article 3 demonstrated that 95.7% of individuals had a low intake of vitamin E, considering the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 12 mg/day, with lower intake values in individuals over 40 years of age, women, those who have a per capita income of less than the minimum wage and with less education. Soybean oil, açaí pulp, and red meat provided the highest content of ingested vitamin E. Conclusion: From the narrative review, it was demonstrated that VED can be a public health problem. The cross-sectional study observed a high prevalence of VED in the studied population, in which sex, visceral adiposity index and global risk score are associated with serum α-TOH. Furthermore, a low consumption of vitamin E was observed, mainly in older individuals, women and those with low socioeconomic status. Most of the vitamin E consumed came from soybean oil, açaí pulp and red meat, with vitamin E also coming from ultra-processed foods, especially in the lowerincome population (AU).