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1.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2023. 130 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1435270

ABSTRACT

O Plasmodium vivax representa um grande desafio no controle da malária devido a sua vasta distribuição ao redor do globo, grande frequência de infecções sub microscópicas e habilidade de induzir recaídas em consequência das formas evolutivas que podem ficar latentes no fígado por longos períodos (hipnozoítos). O recente aumento de cepas de P. vivax resistentes aos fármacos disponíveis, a evolução de formas mais virulentas do parasito e a produção precoce de gametócitos, característica desta espécie, contribuem para classificar a malária vivax como um problema de saúde pública que merece atenção. Ainda que reconhecido por suas características biológicas peculiares e pelo agravamento recente de sua virulência, poucos investimentos têm sido feitos no desenvolvimento de ferramentas de controle para vivax. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar novos alvos potenciais utilizando amostras de diferentes áreas endêmicas ao redor do mundo (Brasil, Mali, Camboja e Estados Unidos da América). Para tanto, investigamos e caracterizamos uma proteína recém descoberta na urina de pacientes naturalmente infectados (PvVir14); e descrevemos o potencial imunogênico de epítopos de células B de uma das proteínas mais bem caracterizadas de P. vivax, a PvAMA-1. Anti-IgG circulantes contra PvVir14 apareceram em 61% e 34.5% dos indivíduos do Brasil e Camboja, respectivamente, enquanto que indivíduos de Mali (infectados com falciparum e não expostos a vivax), tiveram 0% de reconhecimento. Ainda, os níveis de anti-PvVir14 correlacionaram-se com aqueles contra outros antígenos de vivax já bem caracterizados, como a PvCSP e a PvDBP, que foram reconhecidos por 7.6% e 42% dos indivíduos respectivamente. Com relação ao perfil celular, indivíduos sororreativos para PvVir14 apresentaram níveis significativamente maiores de células B atípicas circulantes (CD 21- CD 27-), sugerindo que tal tipo celular possa estar ligado à resposta anti-PvVir14. Entre as células T, os níveis de CD4+ e CD8+ diferiram entre indivíduos com e sem anticorpos contra PvVir14 (menor e maior expressão, respectivamente), enquanto que os níveis de células NKT foram mais expressivos em indivíduos sem anti-PvVir14. Se tratando da PvAMA-1, a antigenicidade dos peptídeos com epítopos para células B previamente selecionados foi avaliada através de múltiplos ensaios sorológicos utilizando amostras de indivíduos com infecção aguda por P.vivax do norte do Brasil. Os peptídeos sintéticos foram reconhecidos por 45.5%, 48.7% e 31.2% (PI, PII e PII, respectivamente) dos indivíduos selecionados para o estudo. Quando sintetizados em conjunto (tripeptídeo), a reatividade aumentou para 62%, porcentagem comparável àquela obtida pela proteína em sua forma e tamanho originais (57%). Além disso, a reatividade anti-IgG conta o tripeptídeo foi reduzida em 42% pós-depleção, indicando que tais epítopos podem ser responsáveis por parte considerável da imunogenicidade da proteína. Esses resultados representam uma excelente perspectiva na identificação de novos alvos com potencial imunogênico para compor uma vacina, ou auxiliar no desenvolvimento de outras medidas de controle, como testes diagnósticos, já que contemplar diversos alvos do ciclo de vida do parasito parece ser a chave para alcançar a resposta robusta e protetora que uma vacina contra a malária vivax precisa para ter sucesso.


Plasmodium vivax is a major challenge for malaria control due to its wide geographic distribution, high frequency of submicroscopic infections, and ability to induce relapses due to the latent forms present in the liver (hypnozoites). The recent increase in drug-resistant P. vivax strains, the evolution toward more virulent forms and the early production of gametocytes adds up to make P. vivax malaria a public health issue of increasing importance. Besides its tricky biological features and new awareness of its virulence, minimal investments have been made in vaccine discovery for P. vivax. Given that, this study aimed to discover and characterize potential new targets for future vaccine development using samples from different endemic areas around the world (Brazil, Mali, Cambodia and United States of America). For this purpose, we investigated and characterized a novel protein recently discovered in the urine of naturally infected subjects (PvVir14) and described the immunogenic potential of peptides from a well-known vivax protein (PvAMA-1), which has been proved to have important B cell epitopes that can induce specific immune response. Circulating antibodies against PvVir14 appeared in 61% and 34.5% of subjects from Brazil and Cambodia, respectively, versus none (0%) of the P. falciparum-infected subjects from Mali who have no exposure to P. vivax. PvVir14 antibody levels correlated with those against other well-characterized sporozoite/liver (PvCSP) and blood stage (PvDBP-RII) antigens, which were recognized by 7.6% and 42% of Brazilians, respectively. Concerning the cellular immune profiling of Brazilian subjects, PvVir14 seroreactive individuals displayed significantly higher levels of circulating atypical (CD21− CD27−) B cells, raising the possibility that atypical B cells may be contribute to the PvVir14 antibody response. Among T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ levels differed (lower and higher, respectively) between subjects with versus without antibodies to PvVir14, while NKT cell levels were higher in those without antibodies. As for PvAMA-1, the antigenicity of the selected B-cell peptides was assessed by multiple serological assays using sera from acute P.vivax infected subjects. The synthetic peptides were recognized by 45.5%, 48.7% and 32.2% of infected subjects for peptides I, II and III respectively. Moreover, when synthetized together (tripeptide), the reactivity increases up to 62%, which is comparable to the reactivity found against the whole protein PvAMA-1 (57%). Furthermore, IgG reactivity against the tripeptide after depletion was reduced by 42%, indicating that these epitopes may be responsible for a considerable part of the protein immunogenicity. These results represent an excellent perspective on discovering new targets with immunogenic potential to compose a vaccine, or even to assist the development of other control measures, such as diagnostic tools, since contemplating several targets seems to be the key to achieving a robust and protective response that a malaria vaccine needs to be successful.


Subject(s)
Plasmodium vivax , Immunity, Humoral , Malaria , Academic Dissertation , Epitopes
2.
Acta amaz ; 53(2): 177-186, 2023. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1428928

ABSTRACT

Traditional ecological knowledge of indigenous groups in the southeastern Colombian Amazon coincides in identifying the two main hydrological transition periods (wet-dry: August-November; dry-wet: March-April) as those with greater susceptibility to disease in humans. Here we analyze the association between indigenous knowledge about these two periods and the incidence of two vector-borne diseases: malaria and dengue. We researched seven "ecological calendars" from three regions in the Colombian Amazon, malaria and dengue cases reported from 2007 to 2019 by the Colombian National Institute of Health, and daily temperature and precipitation data from eight meteorological stations in the region from 1990-2019 (a climatological normal). Malaria and dengue follow a seasonal pattern: malaria has a peak from August to November, corresponding with the wet-dry transition (the "season of the worms" in the indigenous calendars), and dengue has a peak in March and April, coinciding with the dry-wet transition. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between rainfall and dengue and a negative correlation between rainfall and malaria. However, as the indigenous ecological knowledge codified in the calendars suggests, disease prediction cannot be reduced to a linear correlation with a single environmental variable. Our data show that two major aspects of the indigenous calendars (the time of friaje as a critical marker of the year and the hydrological transition periods as periods of greater susceptibility to diseases) are supported by meteorological data and by the available information about the incidence of malaria and dengue.(AU)


Los conocimientos ecológicos tradicionales de grupos indígenas del sureste de la Amazonia colombiana coinciden en identificar dos principales periodos de transición hidrológica (seco-húmedo: agosto-noviembre; húmedo-seco: marzo-abril) como los de mayor susceptibilidad a enfermedades en humanos. Aquí analizamos la asociación entre el conocimiento indígena sobre estos dos periodos y la incidencia de dos enfermedades transmitidas por vectores: malaria y dengue. Investigamos siete calendarios ecológicos de tres regiones en la Amazonia colombiana, casos de dengue y malaria reportados de 2007 hasta 2019 por el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia y datos diarios de temperatura y precipitación de ocho estaciones meteorológicas en la región, de 1990 a 2019 (una normal climatológica). Malaria y dengue siguen un patrón estacional, la malaria tiene un pico de agosto a noviembre, correspondiendo con la transición húmedo-seco (el "tiempo de gusano" según los calendarios indígenas), mientras que dengue tiene un pico de marzo a abril, coincidiendo con la transición seco-húmedo. Estudios previos mostraron una correlación positiva entre precipitación y dengue, y una correlación negativa entre precipitación y malaria. Sin embargo, como lo sugiere el conocimiento ecológico codificado en los calendarios indígenas, la predicción de enfermedades no puede reducirse a una correlación lineal con una sola variable medioambiental. Nuestros datos muestran que dos aspectos principales de los calendarios indígenas (el tiempo de friaje como un marcador crítico anual y los periodos de transición hidrológica como épocas de mayor susceptibilidad a enfermedades) están soportados por datos meteorológicos e información disponible acerca de la incidencia de malaria y dengue.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Indigenous Peoples , Vector Borne Diseases , Amazonian Ecosystem , Dengue , Calendars as Topic , Malaria
3.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e20229, 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439493

ABSTRACT

Abstract Malaria, a disease of public health concern is a known cause of kidney failure, and dependence on herbal medicines for its treatment is increasing due to the high cost of drugs. So this study is designed to evaluate the ameliorating effect of ethanol extract from Salacia nitida root bark on electrolyte and renal perturbations in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Thirty malariainfected mice divided into five groups of six mice each and another group of six uninfected mice were used for the study. 280, 430, and 580 mg/kg of extract were given to infected mice in groups B, C, and D, 4 mg/kg of artesunate given to group E mice, and 4 ml/kg of physiological saline given to group A and uninfected group F mice for five days. Serum Na+, K+, HCO3, Cl-, TB, urea, creatinine, BUN concentrations, and BUN/creatinine ratio were determined using standard methods. Results showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in Na+, K+, and HCO3 and decreases in Cl-, TB, urea, creatinine, BUN, and BUN/creatinine ratio in the infected treated mice in groups B - E. This study showed that ethanol extract of S. nitida root bark is efficient in the treatment of renal disorders and blood electrolyte perturbations


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Plant Roots/adverse effects , Salacia/adverse effects , Renal Insufficiency/chemically induced , Malaria/pathology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Costs and Cost Analysis/classification , Electrolytes/agonists , Artesunate/antagonists & inhibitors
4.
Horiz. enferm ; 34(2): 176-189, 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509281

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio fue describir las dinámicas comunitarias y gubernamentales en torno a la malaria, su control y prevención en el Municipio de San José del Guaviare, en el departamento de Guaviare (Colombia). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de métodos mixtos utilizando una encuesta que constaba de 45 preguntas sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas y entrevistas semiestructuradas con personal médico y trabajadores del gobierno. RESULTADOS: Aceptaron realizar la encuesta 103 personas, el 72% fueron mujeres, edad promedio de 40,8 años, tiene acueducto el 60% y alcantarillado 53,4%. El 59% reportó haber tenido malaria, 76% reconoció un mosquito como el vector de la enfermedad, 6% reconoce al Anopheles como el vector. El 16,5% de los encuestados asegura que la malaria no es un problema de salud para ellos y sus familias. El uso de toldillos (74%) es considerado una eficaz protección. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidencia un buen conocimiento de la malaria después de los acuerdos de paz, sin embargo, los determinantes relacionados con suministro de agua, alcantarillado, difícil atención en zona rural y las escasas acciones interdisciplinarias son posibles elementos de riesgo para esta población.


The objective of the study was to describe the community and government dynamics around malaria, especially its control and prevention, in the Municipality of San José del Guaviare, in the sector of Guaviare (Colombia). METHODS: We conducted a mixed methods study using a survey consisting of 45 questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and semi-structured interviews with medical personnel and government workers. RESULTS: 103 people responded to the survey. 72% were women, and the average age was 40.8 years. 60% had an aqueduct and 53.4% had sewers. 59% reported having had malaria, 76% recognized a mosquito as the vector of the disease, and 6% recognized Anopheles as the vector. 16.5% of those surveyed said that malaria was not a health problem for them and their families. 74% considered the use of mosquito nets an effective protection. CONCLUSIONS: While there is a good knowledge of malaria, difficulties related to water supply, sewage, care in rural areas and lack of interdisciplinary solutions pose possible risk factors for this population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Knowledge , Malaria/prevention & control , Colombia/epidemiology
5.
Health sci. dis ; 24(2 Suppl 1): 26-30, 2023. figures, tables
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1416528

ABSTRACT

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has added an additional burden in countries with already fragile health systems. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and seroprevalence of COVID-19 in suspected malaria during the second wave in Yaounde. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jordan Medical Services for 8 weeks from April 19 to June 13, 2021, i.e., during the second wave in Cameroon. For the 86 patients with suspected malaria, nasopharyngeal and blood samples were taken for SARS-CoV-2 antigen and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM using the STANDARD TM Q COVID-19 Ag kit from SD BIOSENSOR, Korea, 2020 and Standard TM Q COVID 19 Ac IgG/IgM kit from SD BIOSENSOR, Korea, 2020 respectively. Confirmation of malaria was done by microscopic examination of stained blood smears. Results. Malaria was confirmed in 20.9% (18) of cases. The prevalences of COVID-19 and COVID-19/malaria co-infection were 8.1% and 0.9% respectively. Of the 25.6% (54) of patients with anti-COVID-19 IgM, no positive microscopic cases were found. On the other hand, a little more than half of the patients had IgG antibodies against COVID-19 whether they had a positive thick drop or not (56.0% (42/75) and 52.2% (71/136) respectively). Conclusion. In case of suspicion of malaria in a malaria area, it seems important to consider COVID-19 as a differential diagnosis.


Introduction. La pandémie de la COVID-19 a ajouté un fardeau supplémentaire dans les pays aux systèmes de santé déjà fragiles. Objectif : déterminer la prévalence et la séroprévalence de la COVID-19 en cas de suspicion du paludisme au cours de la deuxième vagueà Yaoundé. Méthodologie. Une étude transversale descriptive a été menée au Centre Médical le Jourdain pendant 8 semaines du 19 Avril au 13 Juin 2021 soit durant la deuxième vague au Cameroun. Pour les 86 patients avec suspicion de paludisme, des prélèvements nasopharyngé et sanguins ont été réalisés pour la recherche d'antigène du SRAS- CoV 2 et des IgG et IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 grâce aux kits STANDARDTM Q COVID-19 Ag de SD BIOSENSOR, Corée, 2020 et StandardTM Q COVID 19 Ac IgG/IgM de SD BIOSENSOR, Corée, 2020 respectivement. La confirmation du paludisme a été faite grâce à l'examen microscopique des étalements de sang colorés. Résultats. Le paludisme était confirmé dans 20,9% (18) des cas. Les prévalences de la COVID-19 et de la coïnfection COVID19/Paludisme étaient de 8,1% et de 0,9% respectivement. Sur les 25,6% (54) des patients avec des IgM anti-COVID-19, aucun cas de microscopie positive n'a été retrouvé. Par ailleurs un peu plus de la moitié des patients avaient des anticorps IgG anti-COVID-19 qu'ils aient une goutte épaisse positive ou pas soit 56,0% (42/75) et 52,2% (71/136) respectivement. Conclusion. En cas de suspicion du paludisme en zone impaludée, il parait non négligeable de considérer la COVID-19 comme un diagnostic différentiel.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Signs and Symptoms , COVID-19 , Malaria , Therapeutics , Prevalence , Coinfection , SARS-CoV-2
6.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 24(2): 1-8, 2023. tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1427757

ABSTRACT

Artemisinin drug resistance is one of the major reasons for malaria treatment failures in the sub-Saharan African countries where artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. The occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is found to correlate with antimalarial drug resistance. With artemisinin, the SNPs occurs at the Kelch 13-propeller gene locus on chromosome 13. The artemisinin drug resistance surveillance strategy involves continuous monitoring of Kelch 13-propeller biomarker to detect emergence of mutations which could herald drug resistance in the region. In this narrative review paper, we examined existing literature to bridge the knowledge gap and accentuate the importance of routine surveillance for artemisinin resistance in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted our search on PubMed database and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed articles, reports, and abstracts on artemisinin drug resistance using the following keywords; 'artemisinin drug resistance', 'antimalarial drug resistance', 'artemisinin-based combination therapy', 'Kelch 13-propeller', 'K13- propeller gene', and 'K13 molecular marker'. The review provided pertinent information on artemisinin derivatives, artemisinin-based combination therapy, molecular action of artemisinin, definition of artemisinin resistance, genetic basis of artemisinin drug resistance and discovery of Kelch 13, and the importance of artemisinin resistance surveillance. Molecular surveillance can provide healthcare policy makers a forecast of impending threats to malaria treatment. This is more so when drugs are in combination therapy, for instance, molecular surveillance can give a hint that one drug is failing despite the fact that in combination, it is still apparently clinically effective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Malaria , Capillary Resistance , Artemisinins , Genes , Molecular Conformation
7.
Afr. J. Clin. Exp. Microbiol ; 24(2): 112-119, 2023.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1436066

ABSTRACT

Artemisinin drug resistance is one of the major reasons for malaria treatment failures in the sub-Saharan African countries where artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. The occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is found to correlate with antimalarial drug resistance. With artemisinin, the SNPs occurs at the Kelch 13-propeller gene locus on chromosome 13. The artemisinin drug resistance surveillance strategy involves continuous monitoring of Kelch 13-propeller biomarker to detect emergence of mutations which could herald drug resistance in the region. In this narrative review paper, we examined existing literature to bridge the knowledge gap and accentuate the importance of routine surveillance for artemisinin resistance in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted our search on PubMed database and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed articles, reports, and abstracts on artemisinin drug resistance using the following keywords; 'artemisinin drug resistance', 'antimalarial drug resistance', 'artemisinin-based combination therapy', 'Kelch 13-propeller', 'K13- propeller gene', and 'K13 molecular marker'. The review provided pertinent information on artemisinin derivatives, artemisinin-based combination therapy, molecular action of artemisinin, definition of artemisinin resistance, genetic basis of artemisinin drug resistance and discovery of Kelch 13, and the importance of artemisinin resistance surveillance. Molecular surveillance can provide healthcare policy makers a forecast of impending threats to malaria treatment. This is more so when drugs are in combination therapy, for instance, molecular surveillance can give a hint that one drug is failing despite the fact that in combination, it is still apparently clinically effective.


La résistance aux médicaments à base d'artémisinine est l'une des principales raisons des échecs du traitement du paludisme dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne où la polythérapie à base d'artémisinine (ACT) est le traitement de première intention du paludisme simple. L'apparition de polymorphismes mononucléotidiques (SNP) est corrélée à la résistance aux médicaments antipaludiques. Avec l'artémisinine, les SNP se produisent au locus du gène Kelch 13- propeller sur le chromosome 13. La stratégie de surveillance de la résistance aux médicaments à base d'artémisinine implique une surveillance continue du biomarqueur Kelch 13-propeller pour détecter l'émergence de mutations qui pourraient annoncer une résistance aux médicaments dans la région. Dans cet article de revue narrative, nous avons examiné la littérature existante pour combler le manque de connaissances et accentuer l'importance de la surveillance de routine de la résistance à l'artémisinine en Afrique subsaharienne. Nous avons effectué notre recherche sur la base de données PubMed et Google Scholar pour identifier des articles, des rapports et des résumés évalués par des pairs sur la résistance aux médicaments à base d'artémisinine en utilisant les mots-clés suivants; «résistance aux médicaments à base d'artémisinine¼, «résistance aux médicaments antipaludiques¼, «thérapie combinée à base d'artémisinine¼, «Kelch 13-propeller¼, «gène K13-propeller¼ et «marqueur moléculaire K13¼. L'examen a fourni des informations pertinentes sur les dérivés de l'artémisinine, la polythérapie à base d'artémisinine, l'action moléculaire de l'artémisinine, la définition de la résistance à l'artémisinine, la base génétique de la résistance aux médicaments à base d'artémisinine et la découverte de Kelch 13, ainsi que l'importance de la surveillance de la résistance à l'artémisinine. La surveillance moléculaire peut fournir aux responsables des politiques de santé une prévision des menaces imminentes pour le traitement du paludisme. C'est d'autant plus vrai lorsque les médicaments sont en thérapie combinée, par exemple, la surveillance moléculaire peut donner un indice qu'un médicament échoue malgré le fait qu'en combinaison, il est toujours apparemment cliniquement efficace.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutics , Drug Resistance , Artemisinins , Drug Therapy, Combination , Malaria
8.
Bull. W.H.O. (Online) ; 101(6): 371-380 A, 2023. tables, figures
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1436739

ABSTRACT

Objective To determine whether the positive results of a single-district pilot project focused on rectal artesunate administration at the community level in Zambia could be replicated on a larger scale. Methods In partnership with government, in 10 rural districts during 2018­2021 we: (i) trained community health volunteers to administer rectal artesunate to children with suspected severe malaria and refer them to a health facility; (ii) supported communities to establish emergency transport, food banks and emergency savings to reduce referral delays; (iii) ensured adequate drug supplies; (iv) trained health workers to treat severe malaria with injectable artesunate; and (v) monitored severe malaria cases and associated deaths via surveys, health facility data and a community monitoring system. Results Intervention communities accessed quality-assured rectal artesunate from trained community health volunteers, and follow-on treatment for severe malaria from health workers. Based on formal data from the health management information system, reported deaths from severe malaria reduced significantly from 3.1% (22/699; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.0­4.2) to 0.5% (2/365; 95% CI: 0.0­1.1) in two demonstration districts, and from 6.2% (14/225; 95% CI: 3.6­8.8) to 0.6% (2/321; 95% CI: 0.0­1.3) in eight scale-up districts. Conclusion Despite the effects of the coronavirus disease, our results confirmed that pre-referral rectal artesunate administered by community health volunteers can be an effective intervention for severe malaria among young children. Our results strengthen the case for wider expansion of the pre-referral treatment in Zambia and elsewhere when combined with supporting interventions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutics , Administration, Rectal , Mortality , Artesunate , Health Services Research , Malaria
9.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 46(4): 251-266, 20221231.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1425829

ABSTRACT

Vários estudos sugerem a importância da vitamina D ­ 25(OH)D ­ na evolução clínica dos pacientes com malária. Entretanto, a prevalência de deficiência de 25(OH)D na população amazônica é pouco conhecida, havendo também poucos estudos com pacientes diagnosticados com malária. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis séricos de 25(OH)D em pacientes com malária e sua relação com dados epidemiológicos, parasitológico e provas de função hepática. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico com um grupo de pacientes com malária e um grupo controle no município de Itaituba (PA), Brasil, no período de janeiro de 2018 a outubro de 2019. Elaborou-se um protocolo para avaliação dos dados sociodemográficos, parasitológicos e laboratoriais, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. A prevalência de deficiência de 25(OH)D foi observada nos pacientes com malária (28,5%) e no grupo controle (24,6%), sem diferença estatística; porém, entre os residentes no garimpo, os níveis séricos foram estatisticamente menores nos pacientes com malária. Os níveis séricos de transaminase glutâmico-pirúvica (TGP) apresentaram correlação inversa com os de 25(OH)D. As provas de função hepática foram significativamente maiores no grupo com malária. Dessa forma, este estudo evidenciou a deficiência de 25(OH)D em Itaituba. Alterações hepáticas pela infecção plasmodial podem ter contribuído para a correlação inversa observada entre os níveis de TGP e 25(OH)D.


Several studies suggest the importance of vitamin D ­ 25(OH)D ­ in the clinical evolution of patients with malaria. However, the prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the Amazonian population is little known, and studies with patients diagnosed with malaria are scarce. Thus the objective of this study is to evaluate the serum levels of 25(OH)D in patients with malaria and its relationship with epidemiological and parasitological data and liver function tests. To that end, an analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with a group of patients with malaria and a control group in the municipality of Itaituba (PA), Brazil, from January 2018 to October 2019. A protocol was elaborated for the evaluation of sociodemographic, parasitological, and laboratory data, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was observed in patients with malaria (28.5%) and in the control group (24.6%), with no statistical difference; however, among residents in the mining, serum levels were statistically lower in patients with malaria. The glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) serum levels showed an inverse correlation with 25(OH)D levels. Liver function tests were significantly higher in the malaria group. Thus, this study evidenced 25(OH)D deficiency in Itaituba. Hepatic changes due to plasmodial infection may have contributed to the inverse correlation observed between GPT and 25(OH)D levels.


Diversos estudios sugieren la importancia de la vitamina D ­[25(OH)D]­ en la evolución clínica de pacientes con malaria. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de la deficiencia de 25(OH)D en la población amazónica es poco conocida y existen pocos estudios en pacientes con malaria. Ante esto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D en pacientes con malaria y su relación con datos epidemiológicos, parasitológicos y pruebas de función hepática. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en el grupo de pacientes con malaria y en un grupo control en el municipio de Itaituba (PA), Brasil, de enero de 2018 a octubre de 2019. Se elaboró un protocolo para la evaluación de datos sociodemográficos, parasitológicos y de laboratorio, adoptando un nivel de significancia del 5%. La prevalencia de deficiencia de 25(OH)D se observó en pacientes con malaria (28,5%) y en el grupo control (24,6%), sin diferencia estadística; sin embargo, entre los residentes en la minería, los niveles séricos fueron estadísticamente inferiores en pacientes con malaria. Los niveles séricos de transaminasa glutámico pirúvica (TGP) mostraron una correlación inversa con los niveles de 25(OH)D. Las pruebas de función hepática fueron significativamente más altas en el grupo de malaria. De esta manera, se evidenció deficiencia de 25(OH)D en la población de Itaituba. Los cambios hepáticos debido a la infección plasmodial pueden haber contribuido a la correlación inversa observada entre los niveles de TGP y 25(OH)D.


Subject(s)
Vitamin D , Liver Function Tests , Malaria
10.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(4): 665-678, oct.-dic. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420314

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La malaria, o paludismo, es una enfermedad de gran impacto en la población colombiana, que debe ser abordada desde el punto de vista del trabajo en equipo de instituciones para el intercambio de conocimiento. Objetivo. Analizar las interacciones de la Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis de redes sociales que permitió identificar la proximidad entre los actores y el grado de conocimiento entre ellos; se observaron indicadores de densidad, diámetro, distancia media y centralidad de grado. El corpus documental para el estudio estuvo constituido por 193 documentos técnicos publicados entre el 2016 y el 2021, que fueron analizados empleando técnicas de procesamiento de texto mediante el lenguaje de programación R. La categorización de la red se realizó a partir de cinco variables: atención integral a pacientes, diagnóstico, epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, política pública, y promoción y prevención. Resultados. El análisis de las interacciones indicó que la red la conformaban 99 actores, de los cuales 97 (98 %), mostraron más interés en la producción de conocimientos en epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, seguido de la categoría de atención integral a pacientes con 79 (80 %). El 54 % de los actores llevó a cabo estudios de promoción y prevención, siendo esta la categoría de menor abordaje. Conclusiones. Este estudio contribuye al fortalecimiento de estrategias clave en la divulgación del conocimiento sobre la malaria en Colombia.


Introduction: Malaria is a disease with a high impact on Colombian population, which must be approached from the point of view of teamwork of institutions for knowledge exchange. Objective: To analyze the interactions of the Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materials and methods: An analysis of social networks was applied that allowed identifying the proximity between actors and the degree of knowledge between them. Indicators of density, diameter, average distance, and degree of centrality were observed. The documentary corpus for the study consisted of 193 technical documents published between 2016 and 2021, which were analyzed using text mining using the R programming language. The network was categorized based on five variables: comprehensive patient care, diagnosis, epidemiology and health information analysis systems, public policy and promotion and prevention. Results: The analysis of interactions indicated that the network was made up by 99 actors. The main interest in knowledge production was on epidemiology and health information analysis systems (98 % of the actors), followed by the integral patient care (80 % of the actors). On the contrary, the least approached category was malaria promotion and prevention practices (54 % of the actors). Conclusions: In general, this study contributes to the strengthening of key strategies in the dissemination of knowledge about malaria in Colombia.


Subject(s)
Social Network Analysis , Malaria , Word Processing , Epidemiology , Knowledge Management , Health Information Exchange
11.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(6): 1227-1236, dic. 2022. tab., ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1427364

ABSTRACT

La malaria es producida por parásitos del género Plasmodium y transmitida por Anopheles. Es considerada un problema de salud pública; a pesar de la reducción significativa de los casos, a nivel mundial, persisten tasas de morbi-mortalidad elevadas. En las Américas, recientemente, se registró brotes palúdicos importantes en seis países, el Perú fue uno de ellos, generando la iniciativa para crear el Plan hacia la Eliminación de la Malaria en el Perú (PEMP), partiendo de la experiencia en el Departamento de Loreto en marco del Plan Malaria Cero. El PEMP, tiene la finalidad de reducir el 90% los casos de malaria antes de 2030, con un enfoque comunitario. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la integralidad del PEMP referidas a los ámbitos biológico, social, tecnológico, económico, normativo y político. Se conformó un grupo de expertos, quienes realizaron la validez aparente de cada uno de los conceptos (DDP< 2,4). Posteriormente, la congruencia de causas por ámbitos y, la contribución por objetivos específicos dentro de cada ámbito. Encontrándose coherencias entre los objetivos específicos, planes y/o acciones dentro de cada ámbito. Se corroboró el enfoque integral del PEMP, encaminando en trabajo multidisciplinario y de comprensión integral de los desafíos actuales para la eliminación de la malaria. Se identifica como debilidad la falta de abordaje de los reservorios de malaria; se recomienda realizar búsqueda activa de casos e investigaciones en hospedadores no humano, especialmente en zonas de alta transmisión; e implementarse un diseño de enfoque holístico como parte del abordaje integral(AU)


Malaria is produced by parasites of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by Anopheles. It is considered a public health problem; Despite the significant reduction in cases, worldwide, high morbidity and mortality rates persist. In the Americas, important malaria outbreaks were recently registered in six countries, Peru was one of them, generating the initiative to create the Plan for the Elimination of Malaria in Peru (PEMP), based on the experience in the Department of Loreto within the framework of the Zero Malaria Plan. The PEMP aims to reduce malaria cases by 90% before 2030, with a community approach. The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrality of the PEMP referring to the biological, social, technological, economic, regulatory and political fields. A group of experts was formed, who carried out the apparent validity of each one of the concepts (DDP < 2.4). Subsequently, the congruence of causes by areas and the contribution by specific objectives within each area. Finding coherence between the specific objectives, plans and/or actions within each area. The integral approach of the PEMP was confirmed, leading to multidisciplinary work and a comprehensive understanding of the current challenges for the elimination of malaria. The lack of approach to malaria reservoirs is identified as a weakness; It is recommended to carry out active search for cases and investigations in non-human hosts, especially in areas of high transmission; and a holistic approach design implemented as part of the comprehensive approach(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Endemic Diseases/prevention & control , Malaria/epidemiology , Peru , Public Policy , National Health Strategies
12.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 13: 1-6, dez. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1414107

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico da malária no município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e ecológico, baseado em dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Ministério da Saúde, gerados pelo Departamento de Análise e Tabulação de Dados do Sistema Único de Saúde. Utilizou-se os dados dos casos positivos de malária do município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brasil, do período de 2010 a 2019. Resultados: Ocorreram 80.459 casos de malária, com incidência variando entre 101,6 a 343 casos / 1.000 habitantes, considerada de alto risco, conforme a classificação do Ministério da Saúde. O homem foi o sexo com a maior predominância das notificações, na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (18%), por Plasmodium vivax (86%), com pico de transmissão ocorrendo entre os meses de janeiro a março, e setembro a novembro. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentam uma importante informação de conhecimento público sobre a epidemiologia da transmissão malárica nessa região, da qual poderiam ser utilizadas estratégias e a implementação de ações voltadas ao combate e controle do vetor no município. (AU)


Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of malaria in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil. Methods: This is an epidemiological, descriptive and ecological study, based on secondary data from the Ministry of Health's Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, generated by the Data Analysis and Tabulation Department of the Unified Health System of the positive cases of malaria from the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil, from 2010 to 2019. Results: There were 80,459 cases of malaria, with incidence ranging from 101.6 to 343 cases / 1,000 inhabitants, considered high risk according to the classification from the Ministry of Health. Man was the sex with the highest prevalence of notifications, aged 20 to 29 years (18%), by Plasmodium vivax (86%), with peak transmission occurring between the months of January to March, and September to November. Conclusion: The results present important publicly available information on the epidemiology of malaria transmission in this region, from which strategies and the implementation of actions aimed at combating and controlling the vector in the municipality could be used. (AU)


Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico de la malaria en el municipio de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brasil. Métodos: Este es un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo y ecológico, basado en datos secundarios del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud, generado por el Departamento de Análisis y Tabulación de Datos del Sistema Único de Salud, de los casos positivos de malaria en el municipio de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brasil, de 2010 a 2019. Resultados: Hubo 80.459 casos de malaria, con una incidencia de 101,6 a 343 casos / 1.000 habitantes, considerados de alto riesgo según la clasificación del Ministerio de Salud. El hombre era el sexo con mayor prevalencia de notificaciones, de 20 a 29 años (18%), por Plasmodium vivax (86%), con una transmisión máxima entre los meses de enero a marzo y de septiembre a noviembre. Conclusión: Los resultados presentan información importante disponible públicamente sobre la epidemiología de la transmisión de la malaria en esta región, a partir de la cual se podrían utilizar estrategias y la implementación de acciones destinadas a combatir y controlar el vector en el municipio. (AU)


Subject(s)
Malaria , Biological Evolution , Epidemiological Monitoring
13.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(4): [463-468], oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424347

ABSTRACT

La malaria en Colombia tiene un comportamiento heterogéneo y variable, entre las regiones. Para establecer su comportamiento epidemiológico en la región del Caribe colombiano entre 1960 y 2019 se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo a partir de registros del Ministerio de Salud y otras fuentes secundarias. Se definieron variables epidemiológicas y se elaboraron medidas de frecuencia y tendencia central. Se registraron 155 096 casos. Las décadas con mayor número de casos fueron 1990-1999 (20,5%) y 1980-1989 (18,9%). El promedio de casos por década fue de 25 849,3. Los índices parasitarios más elevados se registraron en 1970 (3,3 por 1000 habitantes) y 1981 (3,9 por 1000 habitantes). La especie Plasmodium vivax fue la más frecuente y la mayoría de la carga por grupos de edad se registró en menores de 29 años, entre 2010-2019. La malaria presentó un patrón endemo-epidémico de baja y muy baja intensidad de transmisión, con una tendencia al descenso.


Malaria has a heterogeneous and variable behavior among Colombian regions. In order to establish its epidemiological behavior in the Colombian Caribbean region between 1960 and 2019, we carried out an observational, descriptive and retrospective study based on records from the Ministry of Health and other secondary sources. We defined epidemiological variables and used measures of frequency and central tendency. A total of 155,096 cases were registered. The decades with the highest number of cases were 1990-1999 (20.5%) and 1980-1989 (18.9%). The average number of cases per decade was 25,849.3. The highest parasite rates were recorded in 1970 (3.3 per 1000 population) and 1981 (3.9 per 1000 population). Plasmodium vivax was the most frequent species and most of the burden by age group was found in people under 29 years of age, between 2010-2019. Malaria showed an endemic-epidemic pattern of low and very low transmission intensity, with a decreasing trend.


Subject(s)
Plasmodium vivax , Public Health , Vector Borne Diseases , Malaria , Plasmodium falciparum , Epidemiologic Factors , Disease Outbreaks , Caribbean Region
14.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(3): 336-344, jul.-sep. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410004

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la variación de los perfiles hematológicos antes, durante y después del tratamiento de pacientes infectados con malaria no complicada por Plasmodium vivax (Pv) y P. falciparum (Pf) en una población de la región Loreto. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre 2010 y 2012, en Zungarococha (Iquitos). Los 425 participantes tuvieron tres visitas (visita 1-día 0-antes del tratamiento, visita 2-día 7-durante tratamiento, visita 3-día 28-después del tratamiento), hemograma completo, diagnóstico microscópico y molecular (PCR). Resultados. En la primera visita, se encontraron 93 (21,9%) positivos a Pv y 34 (8,0%) a Pf. Todos los positivos mostraron una reducción en los indicadores hematológicos de hematocrito, recuento de glóbulos blancos (RGB), neutrófilos abastonados y segmentados, eosinófilos y plaquetas (p<0.001) en comparación con el grupo negativo. Se encontró un porcentaje mayor de neutrófilos abastonados en Pf y de neutrófilos segmentados en Pv comparado al grupo negativo. Se observó variaciones en los perfiles hematológicos después del tratamiento para ambas especies, los neutrófilos abastonados disminuyeron, las plaquetas aumentaron, los eosinófilos se incrementaron al día 7 y decaen el día 28, el hematocrito y los neutrófilos segmentados disminuyeron al día 7 y se normalizaron el día 28. Las diferencias entre especies en el tiempo mostraron una disminución diaria de neutrófilos abastonados en infectados con Pv que en Pf. Conclusiones. El perfil hematológico en pacientes positivos a malaria no complicada varía en el tiempo durante y después del tratamiento. Estos son indicadores de la progresión de la enfermedad y ayudan en la vigilancia terapéutica de pacientes infectados con Plasmodium.


ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the variation of hematological profiles of patients infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) malaria before, during and after treatment in a population of the Loreto region. Materials and methods. This study was conducted between 2010 and 2012, in Zungarococha (Iquitos). The 425 participants had three visits (visit 1-day 0-before treatment, visit 2-day 7-during treatment, visit 3-day 28-after treatment), complete blood count, microscopic and molecular diagnosis (PCR). Results. At the first visit, 93 (21.9%) participants were found positive for Pv and 34 (8.0%) for Pf. All positives showed a reduction in hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), ablated and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets (p<0.001) compared to the negative group. A higher percentage of ablated neutrophils was found in Pf and segmented neutrophils in Pv compared to the negative group. Variations in hematological profiles were observed after treatment for both species; ablated neutrophils decreased, platelets increased, eosinophils increased at day 7 and declined at day 28, hematocrit and segmented neutrophils decreased at day 7 and normalized at day 28. Interspecies differences over time showed a bigger daily decrease in ablated neutrophils in Pv-infected when compared to Pf. Conclusions. The hematological profile in uncomplicated malaria-positive patients varies over time during and after treatment. These are indicators of disease progression and help in the therapeutic surveillance of Plasmodium-infected patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patients , Blood Cell Count , Malaria , Parasitic Diseases , Plasmodium , Tropical Medicine , Public Health Surveillance , Neutrophils
15.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(3): 302-311, jul.-sep. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410008

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la exactitud de gota gruesa (GG) frente a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) cuantitativa para la malaria asociada al embarazo (MAE). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de pruebas diagnósticas en nueve bases de datos. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica con QUADAS. Se estimó sensibilidad, especificidad, cociente de probabilidad positivo (CPP) y negativo (CPN), razón de odds diagnóstica (ORD) y área bajo la curva ROC. Se determinó la heterogeneidad con el estadístico Q de Der Simonian-Laird y la incertidumbre con el porcentaje de peso de cada estudio sobre el resultado global. Resultados. Se incluyeron diez estudios con 5691 gestantes, 1415 placentas y 84 neonatos. En los estudios con nPCR (PCR anidada) y qPCR (PCR cuantitativa) como estándar, los resultados de exactitud diagnóstica fueron estadísticamente similares, con sensibilidad muy baja (50 y 54%, respectivamente), alta especificidad (99% en ambos casos), alto CPP y deficiente CPN. Usando nPCR la OR diagnóstica fue 162 (IC95%=66-401) y el área bajo la curva ROC fue 95%, mientras que con qPCR fueron 231 (IC95%=27-1951) y 78%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Mediante un protocolo exhaustivo se demostró el bajo desarrollo de investigaciones sobre la exactitud diagnóstica de la GG en MAE. Se demostró que la microscopía tiene un desempeño deficiente para el diagnóstico de infecciones asintomáticas o de baja parasitemia, lo que afianza la importancia de implementar otro tipo de técnicas en el seguimiento y control de las infecciones por malaria en las gestantes, con el fin de lograr el control y posible eliminación de la MAE.


ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate the accuracy of thick smear (TS) versus quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM). Materials and methods. We carried out a systematic review of diagnostic tests in nine databases. Methodological quality was evaluated with QUADAS. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the ROC curve were estimated. Heterogeneity was determined with the Der Simonian-Laird Q method and uncertainty with the weighted percentage of each study on the overall result. Results. We included 10 studies with 5691 pregnant women, 1415 placentas and 84 neonates. In the studies with nested PCR (nPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) as the standard, the diagnostic accuracy results were statistically similar, with very low sensitivity (50 and 54%, respectively), high specificity (99% in both cases), high PLR and poor NLR. When nPCR was used, the DOR was 162 (95%CI=66-401) and the area under the ROC curve was 95%, while with qPCR it was 231 (95%CI=27-1951) and 78%, respectively. Conclusions. We demonstrated that research on the diagnostic accuracy of TS in PAM is limited. Microscopy showed poor performance in the diagnosis of asymptomatic or low parasitemia infections, which reinforces the importance of implementing other types of techniques for the follow-up and control of malaria infections in pregnant women, in order to achieve the control and possible elimination of PAM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/standards , Malaria/diagnosis , Placenta/parasitology , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Sensitivity and Specificity , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/parasitology
16.
Lima; Perú. Ministerio de Salud. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades; 1 ed; Jun. 2022. 1121-56 p. ilus.(Boletín Epidemiológico, 31, SE-23).
Monography in Spanish | MINSAPERU, LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1379437

ABSTRACT

Realizar el análisis espacial de un brote de enfermedades metaxénicas, es uno de los pasos importantes en el proceso del análisis epidemiológico, y un insumo para el abordaje de la investigación epidemiológica, control y evaluación de intervenciones. Asimismo, brinda información relevante en el análisis de "determinantes del proceso de salud-enfermedad" Históricamente, el primer análisis espacial en enfermedades metaxénicas se dio el año 1789 con los mapas de casos de fiebre amarilla en Nueva York, realizados por Seamon y Pascalis. Actualmente, este tipo de análisis cobra relevancia frente al contexto epidemiológico que se presenta por enfermedades emergentes como zika y chikungunya; enfermedades endémicas que ocasionan altas tasas de severidad como dengue y malaria; y enfermedades que ocasionan secuelas discapacitantes como leishmaniosis


Subject(s)
Yellow Fever , Epidemiologic Studies , Epidemiologic Measurements , Endemic Diseases , Epidemiological Monitoring , Chikungunya Fever , Epidemiological Investigation , Malaria
17.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(2): 244-252, ene.-jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403578

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En los últimos años ha aumentado la malaria importada en niños, en quienes la enfermedad es potencialmente grave y mortal. Objetivo. Describir la incidencia y características clínico-epidemiológicas de niños con diagnóstico de conmalaria en Alicante, España, en los últimos años. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional y retrospectivo de los casos de malaria en menores de 15 años, diagnosticados en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante desde 1994 hasta 2019. Resultados. Se registraron 24 casos. El número de casos pasó de dos en el primer quinquenio a 11 en el último. La mediana de edad fue de 6 años (rango intercuartílico: 3 a 8). El 91,6 % procedía de África subsahariana. Los niños nacidos en España de padres inmigrantes que viajan a una zona endémica para visitar a familiares y amigos (Visiting Friends and Relatives) representaron el 62,5 % (n=15) y solo consta que recibiera quimioprofilaxis antipalúdica un paciente (6,7 %). Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron fiebre (86,9 %), hepatoesplenomegalia (70,8 %) y anemia (70,8 %). Plasmodium falciparum fue la especie más frecuentemente identificada (83,3 %; n=20). El tratamiento más empleado fue la combinación de dihidroartemisina y piperaquina por vía oral (41,6 %, n=10), con evolución favorable en todos los casos. Conclusiones. Los casos de paludismo infantil importado están aumentando en los últimos años. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas en estos niños, por lo que es importante que los profesionales conozcan la enfermedad y tengan un alto índice de sospecha para iniciar el tratamiento precoz. Además, deben tomarse las medidas preventivas adecuadas antes de un viaje.


Introduction: In recent years there has been an increase in imported malaria among children in whom it is a potentially serious and fatal disease. Objective: To describe the incidence and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of malaria in children diagnosed in Alicante, Spain, over a 26-year period. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study of malaria in children aged under 15 years diagnosed at the Alicante General University Hospital from 1994 to 2019. Results: Twenty-four cases were registered over the study period. The frequency of cases increased from 2 over the first five years to 11 in the last five years. The median age of the children was 6 years (interquartile range: 3-8); 91.6% came from sub-Saharan Africa. Over half (n=15, 62.5%) were children born in Spain to immigrant parents visiting friends and relatives (VFR); just one (6.7%) had received antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. The most frequent clinical signs were fever (86.9%), hepatosplenomegaly (70.8%), and anemia (70.8%). Plasmodium falciparum was the most frequently identified species (83.3%, n=20). The most common treatment was oral piperaquine/dihydroartemisinin (41.6%, n=10) with favorable outcomes in all cases. Conclusions: Imported childhood malaria shows an increasing incidence and a nonspecific clinical presentation. Professional awareness of this disease and a high degree of clinical suspicion are needed for the early initiation of treatment. Pre-travel preventive measures should be promoted when appropriate.


Subject(s)
Child , Malaria , Plasmodium falciparum , Spain
18.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 42(2): 264-277, ene.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403580

ABSTRACT

Introducción. A mediados de la década de 1950, el país adoptó e implementó la Campaña de Erradicación de la Malaria (CEM), sin que hasta ahora se haya hecho su evaluación. Objetivo. Evaluar los resultados alcanzados en las fases de ataque y consolidación de la campaña de erradicación de la malaria en Colombia, entre 1959 y 1979. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de los resultados "malariométricos" y operacionales de la CEM en Colombia entre 1959 y 1979 a partir de los datos recopilados de los archivos del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Se utilizaron los criterios establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) relacionados con las fases de un programa de erradicación de malaria. Se almacenó, tabuló y analizó la información, y se elaboraron y aplicaron indicadores malariométricos. Resultados. En el periodo de erradicación a corto plazo (1959-1969), durante el primer año de la fase de ataque (1959), se alcanzó una reducción de la transmisión del 94 % (4.172) y, en el último año (1962), una disminución del 88 % (8.426) en la carga acumulada de casos comparada con el promedio anual de la década del 50 (71.031); estos bajos niveles de transmisión se mantuvieron hasta finales de 1969. En el periodo de intensificación del control para la erradicación (1970-1979), se produjo un incremento de la endemia y resurgió la transmisión epidémica. Debido a problemas financieros que afectaron la regularidad de la operación para mantener los resultados, y no habiéndose logrado la interrupción de la transmisión, se observó un resurgimiento de casos en las fases de ataque y consolidación. Conclusiones. La campaña no logró la meta de interrupción de la transmisión de la malaria en el territorio nacional, pero sí se consiguió un acentuado control en áreas de mediana y baja intensidad.


Introduction: In the mid-fifties, Colombia adopted and implemented the Malaria Eradication Campaign (MEC), which has not been evaluated yet in the country. Objective: To evaluate the results achieved during the attack and consolidation phases of the MEC regarding malaria transmission in Colombia between 1959 and 1979. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study based on the malariometric and operational results of the MEC in Colombia from 1959 to 1979 compiled from the archives of the Ministry of Public Health. We used the criteria defined by the WHO Expert Committee on Malaria. The information was stored, tabulated, and analyzed based on the malariometric indicators we developed. Results: In the short-term eradication period (1959-1969), a reduction of 94% (4,172) in transmission was achieved during the first year of the attack phase (1959) while in the last year (1962), there was an 88% (8,426) reduction of the accumulated load of cases compared to the annual average of the 1950s (71,031). These low levels of transmission were maintained until the end of 1969. During the intensification period of control of the eradication (1970-1979), there was an increase in malaria endemicity and a resurgence of the epidemic transmission. Due to financial problems affecting the regularity of the operations, Colombia was unable to sustain the results and achieve an interruption of transmission, which resulted in a resurgence of cases during the attack and consolidation phases. Conclusions: The campaign did not achieve the goal of interrupting malaria transmission in the national territory but there was marked control in areas of medium and low intensity.


Subject(s)
Disease Eradication , Malaria , Mosquito Control , Epidemiology , Colombia , History
19.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(1): 8-15, jun, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1379267

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La malaria es una de las enfermedades infecciosas más importantes y para tratarla además de medicamentos, la población emplea plantas medicinales. El objetivo fue establecer los factores asociados a malaria y las plantas empleadas para su tratamiento en habitantes de Corozal. Método: Se aplicó una encuesta con preguntas sociodemográficas, de la vivienda, de conocimiento y de actitudes y las plantas medicinales empleadas para tratarla. Resultados: El 48% emplean plantas medicinales solas o con medicamentos, siendo el Gliricidia sepium (matarratón) y el Acmella oppositifolia (yuyo) las plantas más empleadas. En el 48% de las casas ha habido malaria. Por regresión logística se estableció que la malaria se asoció con conocer cómo se adquiere, consultar al médico tradicional y tener más de 15 años en Corozal. Conclusiones: Las plantas que la población de este estudio reportan no muestran evidencia científica como antimalaricos. Es importante una mayor presencia de las autoridades de salud y su trabajo conjunto con el médico tradicional para lograr estrategias más efectivas(AU)


Introduction: Malaria is one of the most important infectious disease and to treat it in addition to medicines the population uses medicinal plants. The objective was to establish the factors associated with malaria and the plants used for its treatment in inhabitants of Corozal. Method: A survey was applied with sociodemographic questions about housing, knowledge and attitudes, in addition to the medicinal plants used to treat it. Results: 48% use medicinal plants alone or with medicines, Gliricidia sepium (rat poisson) and Acmella oppositifolia (Opposite-leaf Spotflower) are the most used. In 48% of the homes there has been malaria. By logistic regression it was established that malaria was associated with knowing how it is acquired, consulting the traditional doctor and living in Corozal for more than 15 years. Conclusions: The plants that the population of this study report usimg do not show scientific evidence antimalarials. A greater presence of health authorities and their joint work with the traditional doctor for more effective strategies is important(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Plants, Medicinal , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Malaria , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Logistic Models , Colombia/epidemiology
20.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(1): 90-99, jun, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1381302

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas suelen presentar una evolución crónica y se caracterizan por producir discapacidad física y mental a quienes las padecen, siendo asociadas a la estigmatización social. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 182 pacientes con enfermedades tropicales en regiones endémicas para leishmania, enfermedad de Chagas, filariasis linfática, oncocercosis, dengue y parasitosis intestinales; con el fin de evaluar la salud mental comunitaria, aplicando las tecnologias de información y comunicación (TIC), mediante el uso de telefónos móviles y telefonía fija. Se aplicó una encuesta para valorar el conocimiento y disposición de los pacientes respecto a las TIC, se valoró la salud mental calificada y la percibida por los pacientes mediante una escala de Likert. A partir de la calificación de la salud mental comunitaria se asociaron los estigmas sobre las enfermedades endémicas y luego se aplicó una encuesta para conocer la percepción de los pacientes, respecto a la influencia de los estigmas en la salud mental comunitaria. La mayor proporción de los participantes coincidieron en ser evaluados por parte del personal de salud, mediante herramientas de TIC y manifestaron tener problemas emocionales. Asimismo, el rechazo social como las secuelas de la enfermedad resultaron ser las manifestaciones más frecuentes de los participantes. En conclusión, el empleo de las TIC, en el área de salud mental comunitaria, supone un avance importante en el intercambio de información entre terapeutas y pacientes con enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, contribuyendo a disminuir el estigma social al que se ven sometidos y reestablecer su bienestar mental(AU)


Neglected tropical diseases usually present a chronic evolution and are characterized by causing physical and mental disability to those who suffer from them, being associated with social stigmatization. A descriptive study was carried out in 182 patients with tropical diseases in endemic regions for leishmania, Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, dengue and intestinal parasites; in order to assess community mental health, applying information and communication technologies (ICT), through the use of mobile phones and landlines. A survey was applied to assess the knowledge and disposition of the patients regarding ICT, the qualified mental health and that perceived by the patients was assessed using a Likert scale. From the qualification of community mental health, stigmas about endemic diseases were associated and then a survey was applied to know the perception of patients regarding the influence of stigmas in community mental health. The largest proportion of the participants agreed to be evaluated by health personnel, using ICT tools, and reported having emotional problems. Likewise, social rejection as the sequelae of the disease turned out to be the most frequent manifestations of the participants. In conclusion, the use of ICTs in the area of community mental health represents an important advance in the exchange of information between therapists and patients with neglected tropical diseases, helping to reduce the social stigma to which they are subjected and reestablish their mental health(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mental Health , Communicable Diseases , Information Technology , Neglected Diseases/epidemiology , Cell Phone Use , Tuberculosis , Elephantiasis, Filarial , Leishmaniasis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Chagas Disease , Dengue , Social Stigma , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Malaria
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