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Background: Screening tests are some of the essential measures in the fight against all diseases with epidemic potential. The refusal to use it is the major challenge that hinders this fight. Aim: This article aims to highlight the factors for the rejection of the COVID-19 screening test among women in the informal sector in Benin. Setting: The data were collected in southern Benin.Methods: A cross-sectional approach was used to collect data in two areas (intervention area and buffer zone). The sample was drawn using a two-stage random sampling design. In the first stage, primary sampling units or clusters or villages or neighbourhoods were drawn, and in the second stage, 40 households were selected by primary sampling units. Overall, 2500 households per area in which about 2500 women aged 15­64 years were interviewed. Descriptive and explanatory analyses were carried out. Results: The results show that a strong majority (84.2%) of respondents showed aversion to the COVID-19 screening test. Individual factors (age, level of education, religion) and contextual factors (sectors and types of activities of the respondents) are the main reasons behind this refusal. Conclusion: Insufficient consideration of local contexts around health emergencies, infodemia and social inequalities in health have contributed to aversion to the COVID-19 screening test.Contribution: The results call on public authorities to support a constant improvement of knowledge on COVID-19 taking into account local approaches to facilitate the adherence of populations to the screening test.

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Objetivo: compreender a percepção de mulheres usuárias da Estratégia Saúde da Família frente ao exame citopatológico. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva -exploratória, desenvolvida com treze mulheres em um município do extremo oeste de Santa Catarina. A coleta de dados aconteceu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, de caráter individual. Para análise dos dados, utilizou -se a Análise de Conteúdo do Tipo Temática. Resultados: da análise, emergiram três categorias temáticas: Conhecimento de mulheres sobre o exame citopatológico; Percepções e vivências acerca do exame citopatológico; e, Assistência dos profissionais de saúde frente ao exame citopatológico. Considerações finais: apreende -se que a adesão ao exame citopatológico envolve diversos fatores comportamentais, sociais, culturais e assistenciais, que podem interferir diretamente nas práticas de rastreamento do câncer de colo do útero. Assim, o acolhimento, a empatia, o vínculo e a comunicação efetiva entre profissional e usuária são essenciais para a ampliação da cobertura do exame.

Objective: to understand the perception of women using the Family Health Strategy regarding cytopathological examination. Method: qualitative, descriptive- exploratory research, developed with thirteen women in a municipality in the extreme west of Santa Catarina. Data collection took place through semi-structured, individual interviews. For data analysis, Thematic Content Analysis was used. Results: from the analysis, three thematic categories emerged: Women's knowledge about the cytopathological examination; Perceptions and experiences regarding cytopathological examination; and Assistance from health professionals in the cytopathological examination. Final considerations: it is understood that adherence to cytopathological examination involves several behavioral, social, cultural and care factors, which can directly interfere with cervical cancer screening practices. Therefore, welcoming, empathy, bonding and effective communication between professional and user are essential for expanding exam coverage.

Objetivo: comprender la percepción de las mujeres usuarias de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia respecto al examen citopatológico. Método: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva-exploratoria, desarrollada con trece mujeres de un municipio del extremo oeste de Santa Catarina. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido Temático. Resultados: del análisis surgieron tres categorías temáticas: conocimiento de las mujeres sobre el examen citopatológico; Percepciones y experiencias sobre el examen citopatológico; y, Asistencia de profesionales de la salud en el examen citopatológico. Consideraciones finales: se entiende que la adherencia al examen citopatológico involucra diversos factores comportamentales, sociales, culturales y asistenciales, que pueden interferir directamente en las prácticas de tamizaje del cáncer de cuello uterino. Por lo tanto, la acogida, la empatía, el vínculo y la comunicación efectiva entre profesional y usuario son fundamentales para ampliar la cobertura del examen.

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Objetivo: investigar a relação entre sarcopenia e velocidade de marcha em idosos. Método: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Embase, Pubmed, Scopus e Lilacs. Resultados: a busca inicial gerou 5013 resultados, com 18 estudos incluídos, envolvendo 33.833 sujeitos de 60 a 90 anos. A prevalência de sarcopenia variou de 3,7% a 58%. A velocidade média de marcha dos indivíduos sarcopênicos foi abaixo do ponto de corte em 77,8% dos estudos. Em 61,11% dos estudos, o ponto de corte da velocidade de marcha adotado foi 0,8 m/s, e o teste de caminhada de 4 metros (C4m) foi o mais utilizado (38,9%). Conclusão: a velocidade de marcha é um bom preditor de sarcopenia e pode servir como triagem para outros testes diagnósticos, embora a variação nos pontos de corte possa complicar a interpretação.

Objective: to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and gait speed in older adults. Method: an integrative review conducted in the databases Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, and Lilacs. Results: the initial search yielded 5013 results, with 18 studies included, involving 33,833 subjects aged 60 to 90 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 3.7% to 58%. The average gait speed of sarcopenic individuals was below the cutoff point in 77.8% of the studies. In 61.11% of the studies, the adopted gait speed cutoff was 0.8 m/s, and the 4-meter walk test (4mWT) was the most used (38.9%). Conclusion: gait speed is a good predictor of sarcopenia and can be used as a screening tool for other diagnostic tests, although variations in cutoff points may complicate interpretation.

Objetivo: investigar la relación entre sarcopenia y velocidad de marcha en personas mayores. Método: revisión integrativa realizada en las bases de datos Embase, Pubmed, Scopus y Lilacs. Resultados: la búsqueda inicial generó 5013 resultados, con 18 estudios incluidos, que abarcan 33.833 sujetos de 60 a 90 años. La prevalencia de sarcopenia varió entre 3,7% y 58%. La velocidad media de marcha de los individuos sarcopénicos estuvo por debajo del punto de corte en el 77,8% de los estudios. En el 61,11% de los estudios, el punto de corte de la velocidad de marcha adoptado fue 0,8 m/s, y la prueba de caminata de 4 metros (C4m) fue la más utilizada (38,9%). Conclusión: la velocidad de marcha es un buen predictor de sarcopenia y puede servir como herramienta de cribado para otros testes diagnósticos, aunque la variación en los puntos de corte puede complicar la interpretación.

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O câncer de boca é o sexto câncer mais comum em todo o mundo e representa um problema global crescente. Apesar disso, 70% desses cânceres são diagnosticados em estágios avançados, reforçando a importância de estratégias para prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a aplicabilidade de estratégias para detecção precoce do câncer de boca. Como existem diversas revisões sistemáticas já publicadas sobre o tema, a proposta é realizar uma revisão guarda-chuva das revisões sistemáticas. As buscas realizadas nas bases de dados resultaram em 2145 artigos, e outras fontes de informações acrescentaram mais 114 artigos. Após a detecção de artigos duplicados eletrônica e manualmente, em conjunto com a primeira fase da revisão, 83 artigos foram selecionados para a segunda fase da revisão. Por fim, 46 revisões sistemáticas foram incluídas neste estudo, tendo 9 artigos sido considerados confiáveis para sumarização da evidência atual. Artigos cuja estratégia foi de exame clínico convencional realizado por profissionais treinados e estudos em que houve um maior acesso dos indivíduos à saúde bucal, apresentaram um resultado mais preciso, confiável e custo-efetivo na avaliação dos grupos de indivíduos de alto risco. Em geral, os métodos auxiliares que apresentaram resultados promissores foram aqueles à base de autofluorescência e citopatologia. As estratégias de rastreamento não devem ser descartadas, uma vez que ainda há uma carência de estudos de alta qualidade nesse tema.

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El Ministerio de Salud dando cumplimiento a la Política Nacional de Apoyo al Desarrollo Infantil Temprano "Crecer Juntos" y enfocado en que uno de los pilares básicos del concepto de salud es la prevención, ha determinado invertir, en la detección oportuna de la displasia del desarrollo de la cadera (DDC) desde el período neonatal, considerada como una de las discapacidades motoras, que inciden en la deambulación de las personas desde la niñez temprana. Para tal fin, se incorpora el tamizaje ecográfico de cadera en establecimientos de la red del Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud de tal manera que se garantice cobertura del 100%, de los recién nacidos en los que se identifiquen factores de riesgos para desarrollar displasia del desarrollo de la cadera. La creación de la red de atención de esta condición, lleva implícito el tratamiento y seguimiento de los casos que resulten positivos, logrando de esa forma prevenir o superar la discapacidad motora. Por lo que se vuelve necesario que todos los trabajadores de salud que realicen atención directa de los recién nacidos y lactantes menores compartan el compromiso de aplicación de los presentes lineamientos

The Ministry of Health, in compliance with the National Policy to Support Early Childhood Development "Grow Together" and focused on the fact that one of the basic pillars of the concept of health is prevention, has determined to invest in the timely detection of developmental dysplasia. of the hip (DDH) from the neonatal period, considered as one of the motor disabilities, which affects the ambulation of people from early childhood. For this purpose, hip ultrasound screening is incorporated in establishments in the National Integrated Health System network in such a way that 100% coverage is guaranteed for newborns in whom risk factors for developing developmental dysplasia are identified. of the hip. The creation of the care network for this condition implies the treatment and monitoring of cases that turn out to be positive, thus managing to prevent or overcome motor disability. Therefore, it becomes necessary for all health workers who provide direct care to newborns and infants to share the commitment to apply these guidelines

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Objetivo: Describir el resultado perinatal de los embarazos en función de la evaluación del hueso nasal como marcador de aneuploidía. Métodos: De 1006 embarazadas, 607 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión para este estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, correlacional no causal donde se correlacionó la ausencia/presencia de hueso nasal con la presencia de síndrome de Down a través de cariotipo fetal prenatal y/o posnatal, así como examen clínico neonatal. Los datos fueron analizados mediantes frecuencias absolutas, porcentajes, capacidad diagnóstica del hueso nasal (índice de Youden), sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo y cocientes de probabilidad, positivo y negativo. Resultados: La prevalencia de síndrome de Down fue de 1,48 %, la ausencia del hueso nasal como marcador aislado, obtuvo un índice de Youden de 0,55 (0,23 - 0,88), sensibilidad de 55,56 %, especificidad de 99,50 %, valor predictivo positivo de 62,5 %, valor predictivo negativo de 99,33 %, cocientes de probabilidad positivo (hueso nasal ausente) 111 (IC 95 % 31 - 394) y cocientes de probabilidad negativo (hueso nasal presente) de 0,45 (IC 95 % 0,22 -0,93). Conclusión: La ausencia de hueso nasal en primer trimestre aumenta el riesgo de síndrome de Down en 111 veces y la presencia del mismo lo disminuye, sin valor como prueba diagnóstica sino de pesquisa debe considerarse como un marcador secundario(AU)

Objective: To know the perinatal outcome based on nasal bone evaluation as an aneuploidy marker. Methods: From 1006 pregnant women, 607 met the inclusion criteria for this prospective, descriptive, correlational not causal research correlating nasal bone absence / presence with Down syndrome through prenatal / postnatal fetal karyotype and neonatal clinical examination. Absolute frequencies and percentages, nasal bone performance as a diagnostic test (Youden índex), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratios positive and negative, were calculated. Results: 1.48 % was the Down syndrome prevalence on the sample. The nasal bone absence as an isolated marker obtained an 0,55 Youden index (0.23 to 0.88 ), sensitivity 55,56%, specificity 99,50%, positive predictive value 62,5%, negative predictive value 99,33%, likelihood ratios positive (absent nasal bone) 111, (95% CI 31-394) and likelihood ratios negative (nasal bone present ) 0,45 (95% CI 0 22 -0.93 ). Conclusion: The nasal bone absence in first trimester increases Down syndrome risk 111 times and nasal bone presence decreases it with poor performance as a diagnostic test, so it should be considered a screening test and a secondary marker. Recommendations correlate these results with other markers to improve detection rates and quantify nasal bone measurements in order to make nasal bone nomograms in first trimester pregnancies(AU)

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Objetivo: Evaluar el valor predictivo negativo de la ratio antigénica y conocer su rentabilidad para descartar preeclampsia precoz en pacientes de alto riesgo de desarrollarla, con profilaxis de ácido acetilsalicílico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal que recogió a las gestantes con cribado de preeclampsia precoz de alto riesgo (384 gestantes) en el Hospital Santa Lucía durante el año 2021, para lo que se usó test Elecsys® tabulado a un riesgo mayor a 1/150 en primer trimestre, y que tomaran ácido acetilsalicílico antes de la semana 16, quedando en 368 gestantes vistas en las semanas 20, 26, 31 y 36. Se realizó biometría, ratio angiogénica y doppler. Resultados: La incidencia de preeclampsia precoz en la población fue 4 casos (incidencia 1,08 %). Son significativos por su alto valor predictivo negativo del 100 % de preeclampsia precoz: la ratio angiogénica mayor a 38 en la semana 26 y el doppler de las uterinas en semana 20 y 26. Conclusión: En gestaciones con cribado de alto riesgo de preeclampsia que tomen ácido acetilsalicílico, una ratio angiogénica menor a 38 en la semana 26, además de un doppler uterino normal en semana 20 y 26 permite reducir el seguimiento gestacional(AU)

Objective: Our main objective was to evaluate the negative predictive value of the angiogenic ratio and to know its profitability to rule out early preeclampsia in patients at high risk of early preeclampsia with acetylsalicylic acid prophylaxis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out that included pregnant women with high-risk early preeclampsia screening (384 pregnant women) at the Santa Lucía Hospital during the year 2021, for which the Elecsys® test tabulated at a risk >1/ was used. 150 in the first trimester, and who take acetylsalicylic acid before week 16, leaving 368 pregnant women seen in weeks 20, 26, 31 and 36, with biometry, angiogenic ratio and Doppler performed. Results: The incidence of early preeclampsia in the population was 4 cases (incidence 1.08%). They are significant due to their high negative predictive value of 100% of early preeclampsia: Angiogenic ratio > 38 in week 26, uterine Doppler in weeks 20 and 26. Conclusion: Pregnancies with high risk screening for preeclampsia who take acid acetylsalicylic acid, an angiogenic ratio < 38 at week 26 in addition to a normal uterine Doppler at weeks 20 and 26 allows for reduced gestational follow-up(AU)

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Objetivo:identificar na literatura científica as tecnologias educativas aplicadas para adesão ao exame Papanicolau na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método:revisão integrativa da literaturana qual seincluiu artigos que respondessem à questão norteadora, publicados em português, inglês ouespanhol e se excluiuartigos de revisão, cartas ao editor e editoriais. As buscas foram realizadas em junho de 2024 nas bases: National Library of Medicine, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base dedados da Enfermagem, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e Scientific Electronic Library Online.Resultados:foram incluídos 13 estudos que identificarampalestras, rodas de conversa, cartazes, orientações nas consultas, panfletos, televisão, e atividades na sala de espera como tecnologias educativas Conclusões:o uso das tecnologias educativas pelos profissionais de enfermagem mostra-se como estratégia bem-sucedida para ampliar a adesão de mulheres ao exame Papanicolau em serviços primários de saúde

Objective: to identify in the scientific literature the educational technologies used do improveadherence to the Pap smear in Primary Health Care. Method: this is an integrative review whose inclusion criteria were articles that answered the guiding question, and published in Portuguese, English orSpanish.Duplicates, reviews, letters to the editor, and editorialswere excluded. The searches were carried out in June 2024 in: National Library of Medicine, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base dedados da Enfermagem, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e Scientific Electronic Library Online. Results: 13 studies were included, and among the educational technologies, lectures, conversation circles, posters, consultation guidelines, pamphlets, television,and activities in the waiting room were identified. Conclusions: the use of educational technologies by nursing professionals appears to be a successful strategy to increase women's adherence to the Pap smear in primary health services

Objetivo: identificar en la literatura científica las tecnologías educativas utilizadas para fomentarla adherencia a la prueba de Papanicolaou en la Atención Primaria de Salud.Método: revisión integradora cuyo criterio de inclusión fueron artículos que respondieron a la pregunta orientadora y publicados en portugués,inglés oespañol.Las búsquedas se realizaron en junio de 2024 en: National Library ofMedicine, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Base dedados da Enfermagem, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e Scientific Electronic Library Online. Resultados: se incluyeron 13 estudios,entre los cuales se identificaron comotecnologías educativas conferencias, círculos de conversación, carteles, pautas de consulta, folletos, televisión y actividades en la sala de espera. Conclusiones:el uso de tecnologías educativas por parte de los profesionales de enfermería parece ser una estrategia exitosa para aumentar la adherencia de las mujeres a la prueba de Papanicolaou

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La prueba prenatal no invasiva es un método de cribado de aneuploidías fetales y de resultar con riesgo alto debe ser confirmado a través de prueba genética diagnóstica. Es la prueba de detección más sensible y específica para las aneuploidías fetales comunes y minimiza la realización de técnicas invasivas, solo para las gestantes con riesgo elevado. Se debe realizar asesoramiento genético pre- y poscribado. Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los fundamentos básicos de la prueba prenatal no invasiva mediante el análisis del ácido desoxirribonucleíco libre circulante en plasma materno para cribado de aneuploidías, y de los métodos primordiales y avances en biología molecular incluyendo las tecnologías de secuenciación de nueva generación, que lo han facilitado, considerando sus beneficios y limitaciones al aplicarla en la práctica clínica, en este campo que cambia con tanta rapidez(AU)

The non-invasive prenatal test is a screening method for fetal aneuploidies and if the result is at high risk, it must be confirmed through diagnostic genetic test. It is the most sensitive and specific detection test for common fetal aneuploidies and minimizes the use of invasive techniques, only for pregnant women at high risk. Genetic counseling should be performed before and after screening. This study aims to describe the basic fundamentals of non-invasive prenatal testing by analyzing free circulating deoxyribonucleic acid in maternal plasma for aneuploidy screening, and the primary methods and advances in molecular biology, including next-generation sequencing technologies, which have facilitated it, considering its benefits and limitations when applying it in clinical practice, in this rapidly changing field(AU)

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Associado ao envelhecimento populacional, observa-se aumento da violência contra a pessoa idosa, sendo um problema de saúde pública, de difícil identificação e manejo pelos profissionais da área, além da baixa notificação. As intervenções cabíveis em cadacaso, podem ser facilitadas por meio de instrumentos de rastreio que possam ser utilizados pelos profissionais da saúde. O objetivo foi caracterizar os instrumentos de rastreio validados em relação a violência contra a pessoa idosa e como eles vêm sendo utilizados. Realizada revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Scopus, LILACS e Medline com os descritores violência, idosos, programas de rastreamento. Selecionados para análise 13 artigos, os quais abordam nove instrumentos de rastreio em nível internacional que podem ser usados em diversos cenários de saúde. O instrumento com maior destaque foi o Hwalek­Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (HS-EAST), o qual encontra-se traduzido e validado para uso no Brasil. Há aspectos positivos em relação ao uso de instrumentos de rastreio como rapidez e a praticidade na assistência profissional. Como dificuldades, identificou-se que a maioria dos instrumentos não incluem todos os tipos de violência contra o idoso, podem ter resultados falsos positivos e haver dificuldade de interpretação dos itens dos instrumentos por parte dos profissionais e idosos. Conclui-se que se faz necessário a realização de estudos de validação de instrumentos de rastreio internacionais para nosso país e estudos sobre a implementação deles na prática profissional.(AU)

Associated with population aging, there is an increase in violence against the elderly, being a public health problem, difficult to identify and manage by professionals in the area, in addition to low notification. The appropriate interventions in each case can be facilitated through screening instruments that can be used by health professionals. The objective was to characterize the validated screening instruments in relation to violence against the elderly and how they have been used. An integrative literature review was carried out in the Scopus, LILACS and Medline databases with the descriptors violence, elderly, screening programs. 13 articles were selected for analysis, which address nine screening instruments at an international level that can be used in different health scenarios.The most prominent instrument was the Hwalek­Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (HS-EAST), which has been translated and validated for use in Brazil. There are positive aspects regarding the use of screening instruments such as speed and practicality in professional assistance. As difficulties, it is observed that most instruments do not include all types of violence against the elderly, may have false positive results and there is difficulty in interpreting the items of the instruments by professionals and elderly people. It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out validation studies of international screening instruments for our country and studies on their implementation in professional practice.(AU)

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El cáncer cervicouterino es un problema de salud pública mundial, siendo la cuarta causa más común de incidencia y mortalidad, que cobra la vida de 270, 000 mujeres cada año.1 En América. Latina es el tercer cáncer más frecuente; en Honduras es el segundo y es la principal causa de mortalidad por cáncer en las mujeres, con un estimado de 800 casos nuevos y 480 muertes al año2. Por lo anterior, se considera necesario implementar un método diagnóstico-terapéutico que tenga por objetivo disminuir la incidencia de este tipo de cáncer mediante la prevención secundaria realizando pruebas de tamizaje para el diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno y efectivo. El presente protocolo está dirigido a los prestadores de servicios de salud público y privado del primer y segundo nivel de atención que brinden asistencia a la población femenina que ha iniciado su vida sexual...(AU)

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Introducción. El aneurisma de la aorta abdominal (AAA) es la dilatación de la aorta abdominal mayor de 1,5 veces el diámetro esperado. Su prevalencia es variable, con tasas reportadas de hasta el 12,5 %. Se considera como causa de muerte de más de 10.000 personas al año en los Estados Unidos. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura fue describir los factores de riesgo y las herramientas de tamizaje de AAA. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura utilizando dos ecuaciones en bases de datos electrónicas, empleando términos seleccionados de "Medical Subject Heading" (MeSH) y "Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud" (DeCS). Se evaluó la calidad de los estudios con la herramienta STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). Resultados. Se recolectaron 40 artículos y a partir de ellos se construyó el texto de revisión, identificando en estos, los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de AAA, tales como sexo masculino, tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial, antecedente familiar y obesidad, entre otros. La diabetes mellitus parece actuar como factor protector. Dentro de los instrumentos de tamizaje, el ultrasonido abdominal es uno de los más usados. Conclusión. El AAA es una patología multifactorial. En la actualidad la ultrasonografía de aorta es el método de elección para el tamizaje, permitiendo la detección precoz. El tamizaje de AAA con métodos no invasivos, como el ultrasonido, es útil sobre todo en zonas con prevalencia alta de la patología y en pacientes con determinados factores de riesgo.

Introduction. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilation of the abdominal aorta greater than 1.5 times the expected diameter. Its prevalence is variable, with reported rates of up to 12.5%. It is considered the cause of death of more than 10,000 people a year in the United States. The objective of this literature review was to describe risk factors and screening tools for AAA. Methods. A literature search was conducted using two equations in electronic databases, using terms selected from "Medical Subject Heading" (MeSH) and "Descriptors in Health Sciences" (DeCS). The quality of the studies was evaluated with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) tool. Results. Forty articles were collected and from them the review text was constructed, identifying the risk factors associated with the development of AAA, such as male sex, smoking, high blood pressure, family history and obesity, among others. Diabetes mellitus seems to act as a protective factor. Among the screening instruments, abdominal ultrasound is one of the most used. Conclusion. AAA is a multifactorial pathology. Currently, aortic ultrasonography is the method of choice for screening, allowing early detection. Screening for AAA with non-invasive methods, such as ultrasound, is useful especially in areas with a high prevalence of this pathology and in patients with certain risk factors.

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Introduction: Women living with HIV/AIDS have a higher frequency of anogenital neoplasms resulting from human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The World Health Organization recommends that cervical cancer screening uses molecular tests that amplify viral genetic material, such as HPV-DNA. In addition to collection by health professionals, self-collection of vaginal samples is a useful tool for expanding access to testing. Objective: To describe the results of the pilot study that evaluated the acceptability of self-collection of vaginal samples and the applicability of offering HPV-DNA tests with self-collection of vaginal samples for women living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study involving women living with HIV/AIDS treated in eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities distributed in all regions of the country from May 2021 to May 2022 and a central laboratory. Vaginal self-collection was offered, and participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data and impressions of self-collection. Results: In total, 1,919 women living with HIV/AIDS with an average age of 45 years participated in the study. Some type of HPV was detected in 66% (1,267) of cases. The majority (71.9%) said they preferred self-collection to sample collection by health care professionals. Only 53.8% of participants underwent cytology at the appropriate frequency, as recommended by the protocol. Conclusion: The results may support the implementation of molecular biology tests to detect HPV in women living with HIV/AIDS, including the possibility of vaginal self-collection, promoting increased access to cervical cancer screening. (AU)

Introdução: Mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS possuem maior frequência de neoplasias anogenitais decorrentes da infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda que o rastreio de câncer do colo do útero seja utilizado por testes moleculares que amplificam o material genético viral, como o HPV-DNA. Além da coleta por profissionais da saúde, a autocoleta de amostras vaginais consiste em uma ferramenta útil para ampliação do acesso à testagem. Objetivo: Descrever os resultados do estudo piloto que avaliou a aceitabilidade da autocoleta de amostra vaginal e aplicabilidade da oferta de testes HPV-DNA com autocoleta de amostras vaginais para mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo envolvendo mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS atendidas em oito serviços ambulatoriais distribuídos em todas as regiões do país no período de maio/2021 a maio/2022 e um laboratório central. Realizou-se a oferta de autocoleta vaginal e uma entrevista com as participantes sobre dados sociodemográficos e impressões da autocoleta. Resultados: No total, 1.919 mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS com média de 45 anos participaram do estudo. Houve detecção de algum tipo de HPV em 66% (1.267) dos casos. A maioria (71,9%) afirmou preferir a autocoleta à coleta de amostras por profissionais da saúde. Apenas 53,8% das participantes realizaram citologia na periodicidade adequada, conforme recomendação do protocolo. Conclusão:Os resultados poderão apoiar a implementação dos testes de biologia molecular para detecção de HPV em mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS, incluindo a possibilidade de autocoleta vaginal, promovendo a ampliação do acesso ao rastreamento de câncer do colo do útero. (AU)

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To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.

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BACKGROUND@#Low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations. However, evidence from Chinese populations was limited due to the different criteria for high-risk populations and the short-term follow-up period. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness in Chinese adults based on the Lung Cancer Screening Program in Minhang District of Shanghai initiated in 2013.@*METHODS@#A total of 26,124 subjects aged 40 years or above were enrolled in the Lung Cancer Screening Program during the period of 2013 and 2017. Results of LDCT examination, and screen-detected cancer cases in all participants were obtained from the Reporting System of the Lung Cancer Screening Program. The newly-diagnosed cases and their vital status up to December 31, 2020 were identified through a record linkage with the Shanghai Cancer Registry and the Shanghai Vital Statistics. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95%CI were calculated using the local population at ages of 40 or above as the reference. Proportions of early-stage cancer (stage 0-I), pathological types, and 5-year observed survival rates of lung cancer cases were estimated and compared between the cases derived from the screened and non-screened populations. Cox regression models were applied to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95%CI of LDCT screening with all-cause death of the lung cancer cases.@*RESULTS@#The crude and age-standardized incidence of lung cancer in screened population were 373.3 (95%CI: 343.1-406.1) and 70.3 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, with an SIR of 1.8 (95%CI: 1.6-1.9), which was observed to decrease with following-up time. The early-stage cancer accounted for 49.4% of all lung cancer cases derived from the screened population, significantly higher than 38.4% in cases from the non-screened population during the same period (P<0.05). The proportion of lung adenocarcinoma (40.7% vs 35.9%) and 5-year survival rate (53.7% vs 41.5%) were also significantly higher in the cases from the screened population (all P<0.05). LDCT screening was associated with 30% (HR=0.7, 95%CI: 0.6-0.8) reduced all-cause deaths of the cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The participants of the screening program are at high-risk of lung cancer. LDCT favors the early-detection of lung cancer and improves 5-year survival of the screened cases, indicating a great potential of LDCT in reducing the disease burden of lung cancer in Chinese populations.

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Objectives@#This preliminary study determined the prevalence of HIV infection among patients with newly diagnosed solid and hematologic malignancies at the Philippine General Hospital - Cancer Institute. @*Methods@#Adult Filipinos aged 19 years and above with biopsy- or imaging-confirmed malignancy and for chemotherapy, seen at the adult medical oncology and hematology clinic from January to September 2021 were included. Demographic and clinical data were obtained using a questionnaire. Rapid HIV screening was performed using blood extracted via finger prick. Pre- and post-test counselling were conducted. @*Results@#Of the 124 patients included in our study, majority were female (91, 73.4%), and 45 years old and above with a median age of 49 (20 – 74). Majority had solid tumors (121, 97.6%) with breast cancer being the most common (67, 54.0%) followed by colorectal (18, 14.5%), and head and neck cancer (14, 11.3%). Among those with hematologic malignancies, two had acute myelogenous leukemia and one had multiple myeloma. Six patients had AIDS-defining malignancies (NHL, cervical cancer). HIV risk factors and associated conditions were present in 18 patients (14.5%). Ten patients reported prior HIV testing. None of the patients tested positive for HIV. @*Conclusion@#The absence of HIV cases detected in our cohort may be due to the low prevalence of HIV risk factors and associated conditions. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to routinely recommend HIV testing among newlydiagnosed cancer patients. However, physicians are encouraged to offer HIV testing to cancer patients, especially to those with HIV risk factors, given the benefits of early detection and management of HIV.

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To explore screening tools for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which are convenient for primary hospitals, it can provide basic data for formulating ASD prevention policies. This was a cross-sectional study by cluster sampling. Huyi District and Xincheng District were extracted for investigation in Xi'an City. From July 2021 to September 2022, all children aged from 3 months to 36 months who live in the two districts were subjected to primary screening. The child care physician used the routine screening tool "warning signs checklist for screening psychological, behavioral and developmental problems of children" and cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism", the children who were positive in the initial screening were referred to the district level maternal and child health hospital for re-screening, and those who were positive in the re-screening were referred to Xi 'an Children's Hospital for diagnosis. The results showed that a total of 17 905 children aged from 3 months to 36 months were initially screened in the two districts, including 10 588 children aged from 18 months to 36 months, 50 children who were positive in the initial screening and 50 children who were re-screened. 23 children (18 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence rate of ASD in children was 2.17‰ (95% confidence interval:1.29‰-3.06‰). 42 children were positive for "warning signs checklist" at the preliminary screening, and 19 were confirmed as ASD. 27 children were positive for "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening, and 23 were confirmed with ASD. The "cartoon pictures" in the preliminary screening and diagnosis of consistent rate was higher than the "warning signs checklist", two kinds of screening methods comparison were statistically significant difference in the odds of consistent (χ2=11.01, P=0.001). In conclusion, relying on the three-level network of maternal and child health care, it is conducive to the whole process management of screening and diagnosis of children with ASD, and to guide the formulation of prevention policies. The cartoon pictures of "early high-risk warning signs of autism" can assist the identification of children with ASD based on the "warning signs checklist", which is simple, effective and suitable for promotion in the community health care.

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Objectives:To determine the pattern of ocular disorders among stroke patients in Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja (FTHL).Materials and Methods:Consecutive new stroke patients seen at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja over a 3-month period were studied. Data was collected with the use of a structured questionnaire divided into four major sections: bio-data, visual history, results of ocular assessment and NEI VFQ-25 quality of life questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS for Windows, version 23.0. Univariate analyses were presented in the form of frequencies, percentages, means, ranges, and standard deviations, charts and tables.Results:Eighty-three patients were recruited with an age range of 40-71 years, a mean age of 55.3(±7.1) years. Thirty-nine patients (47.0%) were between the ages of 51 and 60 years. Thirty-four (41.0%) patients were females while 49(59.0%) were males. Of 46 (55.4%) patients that had neuro-imaging, stroke was ischaemic in 37(80.4%) and haemorrhagic in 9(19.6%). Of the 63 patients with left sided stroke, 2 (2.4%), 4(4.8%) and 57(68.7%) had severe, moderate and mild and normal visual impairment respectively while of the 20 patients with right sided stroke, 3(3.6%) each had severe and moderate visual impairment and 14(16.9%) had normal or mild visual impairment. Other ocular abnormalities included corneal anaesthesia and macular hole in 2(1.2%).Conclusion:Anterior and posterior segments, together with neuro-ophthalmic disorders were found among stroke patients in this study. Many of the ocular abnormalities are as a result of long-standing uncontrolled hypertension which caused the stroke. It is recommended that awareness should be created among the populace about uncontrolled hypertension. It is also advised that internists should refer hypertensive patients for routine ophthalmic screening.

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BACKGROUND: Gynecologic cancers are related of to morbidity and mortality among women globally. The trend and incidence, however, varies according to different geographical settings and demographic differences. The main aim this study was to review the profile of gynecologic cancers managed at a Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was done for all patients managed at the hospital from 2016 to 2020. The relevant information was retrieved from patient charts and pathology reports; the data was entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 24. RESULT: A total of 768 Gynecologic cancer cases were seen at the hospital and 700 of them were analyzed, the rest were excluded because of chart incompleteness. The most common primary tumor origin was cervix 339 (48.35%) followed by ovarian 194 (27.67%), gestational trophoblastic malignancies (GTN) 90 (12.8%), uterine 46(6.56%), and vulvar 29(4.1%). Most patients with cervical cancer present in a late stage. Only 37.5 % were early stage and surgically operable and the median age was 46 years. The majority of ovarian cancer patients present at advanced stage. CONCLUSION: Cervical cancer emerged as the most common gynecologic cancer in women requiring admission, constituting a substantial cause of cancer-related morbidity. Despite being largely preventable through effective screening programs, cervical cancer remains insufficiently addressed. Awareness creation for people from rural area is essential so that early health seeking behavior will be established