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La vigilancia y respuesta efectiva frente a la morbilidad y mortalidad materna, perinatal, neonatal, infantil y de la niñez son esenciales para prevenir estas tragedias. La vigilancia permite no solo identificar los factores de riesgo y las causas subyacentes de esas muertes, sino también monitorear la eficacia de las intervenciones implementadas. Por otro lado, una respuesta eficaz garantiza que las mujeres y los niños en situación de riesgo reciban atención adecuada y oportuna, lo que puede marcar la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte. El presente documento pretende estandarizar la vigilancia de la morbi mortalidad materna y de la niñez, a través de actividades que identifiquen, registren, notifiquen, investiguen, analicen, formulen recomendaciones y evalúen resultados en el Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS). En esta línea, las instituciones que forman parte de dicho sistema, deben establecer estrategias sistemáticas y basadas en evidencias para la vigilancia y respuesta ante estos eventos críticos

Surveillance and effective response to maternal, perinatal, neonatal, infant and child morbidity and mortality are essential to prevent these tragedies. Surveillance makes it possible not only to identify the risk factors and underlying causes of these deaths, but also to monitor the effectiveness of the interventions implemented. On the other hand, an effective response ensures that women and children at risk receive adequate and timely care, which can make the difference between life and death. This document aims to standardize the surveillance of maternal and child morbidity and mortality through activities that identify, register, report, investigate, analyze, formulate recommendations and evaluate results in the National Integrated Health System (SNIS). Along these lines, the institutions that are part of this system should establish systematic and evidence-based strategies for surveillance and response to these critical events

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A carga da mortalidade infantil representa uma dolorosa realidade que resulta em uma imensa perda de vidas. A meta 3.2 dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável estabelece um compromisso com o fim das mortes evitáveis de recém-nascidos até 2030. O estudo apresentado neste artigo teve por objetivo desenvolver, validar e avaliar um serious game para a prevenção da mortalidade neonatal precoce, voltado para enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica realizada em cinco etapas: exploratória; validação de conteúdo; desenvolvimento do serious game; avaliação semântica; avaliação de ludicidade. O serious game @-feto busca sensibilizar os enfermeiros quanto à identificação precoce de fatores de risco e condutas frente ao transtorno materno hipertensivo, à insuficiência istmocervical e à infecção do trato urinário na gestação. Possui índices de validade considerados excelentes: conteúdo: 0,98; semântica: 1; ludicidade: 0,98. O serious game @-feto constitui-se uma tecnologia para aprimorar conhecimentos na área materno-infantil de forma lúdica e motivacional.

The burden of infant mortality represents a painful reality that results in an immense loss of lives. The goal 3.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals establishes a commitment to ending avoidable deaths of newborns by 2030. The study presented in this article aimed to develop, validate, and evaluate a serious game for the prevention of early neonatal mortality, designed for Primary Health Care nurses. It is a methodological research conducted in five stages: exploratory, content validation, serious game development, semantic evaluation, and playfulness assessment. The serious game @-feto seeks to sensitise nurses to the early identification of risk factors and management of maternal hypertensive disorder, isthmo-cervical insufficiency, and urinary tract infection during pregnancy. It holds validity indices considered excellent: content: 0.98; semantics: 1; playfulness: 0.98. The serious game @-feto constitutes a technology to enhance knowledge in the maternal-child field in a playful and motivational manner.

La carga de la mortalidad infantil representa una dolorosa realidad que resulta en una inmensa pérdida de vidas. La meta 3.2 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible establece un compromiso con el fin de las muertes evitables de recién nacidos hasta 2030. El estudio presentado en este artículo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar, validar y evaluar un serious game para la prevención de la mortalidad neonatal precoz, para enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Se trata de una investigación metodológica realizada en cinco etapas: exploratoria; validación de contenido; desarrollo del serious game; evaluación semántica; evaluación de la capacidad lúdica. El serious game @-feto busca sensibilizar a los enfermeros sobre la identificación temprana de factores de riesgo y para conductas ante el trastorno materno hipertensivo, la insuficiencia istmocervical y la infección del tracto urinario durante el embarazo. Posee índices de validez considerados excelentes: contenido: 0,98; semántica: 1; capacidad lúdica: 0,98. El serious game @-feto se constituye una tecnología para mejorar los conocimientos en el área materno-infantil de manera lúdica y motivacional.

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Esta revisão rápida apresenta as recomendações de 18 guias de prática clínica, relativas ao diagnóstico, prevenção e manejo das seguintes causas obstétricas diretas de mortalidade materna: abortamento, gravidez ectópica, hemorragia puerperal, hipertensão arterial, infecção puerperal e tromboembolismo venoso.

This rapid review presents the recommendations of 18 clinical practice guidelines, relating to the diagnosis, prevention and management of the following direct obstetric causes of maternal mortality: abortion, ectopic pregnancy, puerperal hemorrhage, arterial hypertension, puerperal infection and venous thromboembolism.

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Objetivo: Realizar una síntesis comparativa sobre las guías de control prenatal en países hispanohablantes de Latinoamérica. Métodos: Se seleccionaron las guías de atención prenatal más actualizadas de cada país latinoamericano y se expusieron sus criterios en un cuadro comparativo. Resultados: Se evidenció que la mayoría de las guías de control prenatal comparten criterios guiados por las recomendaciones dadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Sin embargo, existen diferencias que dependen del riesgo epidemiológico o de exposición que se presente en cada país. Conclusión: A través de esta investigación, se ha reafirmado que el control prenatal desempeña un papel crucial en la promoción de la salud materno-fetal, permitiendo detectar y abordar de manera temprana factores de riesgo, así como proporcionar la atención y seguimiento adecuados durante el embarazo(AU)

Objective: To perform a comparative synthesis of prenatal care guidelines in Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America. Methods: The most up-to-date prenatal care guidelines from each Latin American country were selected, and their criteria were presented in a comparative table. Results: It was evident that the majority of prenatal care guidelines share criteria guided by recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO). However, there are differences that depend on the epidemiological risk or exposure present in each country. Conclusion: Through this research, it has been reaffirmed that prenatal care plays a crucial role in promoting maternalfetal health by allowing the early detection and management of risk factors, as well as providing adequate care and monitoring during pregnancy(AU)

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Contexto - As mortes maternas, em sua maioria, são consideradas evitáveis. Near miss materno, situação de uma mulher que quase morreu devido a uma complicação materna grave, é um critério relacionado à prevenção de mortes maternas. Ambas podem ser afetadas por iniquidades em saúde. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta revisão rápida foi identificar como as iniquidades em saúde influenciam as taxas de mortes maternas e de near miss. Pergunta - Quais são as evidências sobre as taxas de mortalidade materna e near miss no contexto de iniquidades em saúde? Métodos - As buscas de estudos primários e secundários foram realizadas em 22 de abril de 2024 nas bases de dados Lilacs - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS), Pubmed e Epistemonikos. A seleção de estudos foi realizada em duplicidade e de modo independente. Apenas as revisões sistemáticas foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade metodológica. Resultados - De 360 registros recuperados nas buscas, 19 estudos foram incluídos. Os estudos se referem a dados especialmente dos Estados Unidos, com foco em mulheres negras. Apenas dois estudos abordam o contexto brasileiro. Os achados foram agrupados em duas categorias: (i) iniquidades em saúde e mortalidade materna; (ii) iniquidades em saúde e near miss.

Context - Most maternal deaths are considered preventable. Maternal near miss, a situation in which a woman almost died due to a serious maternal complication, is a criterion related to the prevention of maternal deaths. Both can be affected by health inequities. In this sense, the objective of this rapid review was to identify how health inequities influence the rates of maternal deaths and near miss. Question - What is the evidence on maternal mortality and near miss rates in the context of health inequities? Methods - Searches for primary and secondary studies were carried out on April 22, 2024 in the databases Lilacs - Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (via the Virtual Health Library - VHL), Pubmed and Epistemonikos. Study selection was performed in duplicate and independently. Only systematic reviews were assessed for methodological quality. Results - Of 360 records retrieved in the searches, 19 studies were included. The studies refer to data especially from the United States, with a focus on black women. Only two studies address the Brazilian context. The findings were grouped into two categories: (i) health inequities and maternal mortality; (ii) health inequities and near miss.

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INTRODUÇÃO: As tendências e fatores associados à mortalidade materna por COVID-19 em mulheres, em nível nacional e internacional, destaca a disparidade racial nos desfechos da doença. OBJETIVO: Investigar mortalidade de mulheres brasileiras em idade reprodutiva entre 10-49 anos através do Observatório Obstétrico Brasileiro (OOBr) no período de 2020 a 2023. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal do tipo de base populacional realizado entre janeiro de 2020 e dezembro de 2023 no Brasil com mulheres em idade reprodutiva, incluídos dados demográficos como: idade, cor da pele, região geopolítica, sinais e sintomas, presença ou ausência de comorbidade, hospitalização em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, cura e óbito por COVID-19. RESULTADOS: O ano de 2021 registrou o maior número de casos, indicando um possível pico na disseminação da doença, especialmente entre mulheres negras. A faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos apresentou a maior quantidade de casos, e a região Sul e Noroeste registraram as maiores quantidades de óbitos. A análise apontou para a obesidade como um fator de risco significativo para complicações graves da COVID-19 em gestantes e puérperas. A necessidade de hospitalização em UTI e suporte ventilatório aumentou ao longo dos anos, com taxas mais altas em 2021. DISCUSSÃO: As classificações inadequadas de óbito podem afetar os resultados. A análise é restrita às informações disponíveis no OOBr, e outras variáveis relevantes podem não estar presentes nos registros. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo destaca a complexidade das interações entre a COVID-19 e diferentes grupos populacionais, destacando a necessidade de intervenções, políticas de saúde pública e abordagem multidisciplinar para garantir melhores resultados de saúde para população obstétrica.

INTRODUCTION: The trends and factors associated with maternal mortality from COVID-19 in women nationally and internationally highlight the racial disparity in the outcomes of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mortality of Brazilian women of reproductive age between 10- 49 years through the Brazilian Obstetric Observatory (OOBr) from 2020 to 2023. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional population-based study carried out between January 2020 and December 2023 in Brazil with women of reproductive age, including demographic data such as: age, skin color, geopolitical region,; signs and symptoms, presence or absence of comorbidity, hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit, cure and death from COVID-19. RESULTS: The year 2021 recorded the highest number of cases, indicating a possible peak in the spread of the disease, especially among black women. The 20-34 age group had the highest number of cases, and the South and Northwest regions had the highest number of deaths. The analysis pointed to obesity as a significant risk factor for serious complications from COVID-19 in pregnant and puerperal women. The need for ICU hospitalization and ventilatory support increased over the years, with higher rates in 2021. DISCUSSION: Inadequate death classifications can affect the results. The analysis is restricted to the information available on OOBr, and other relevant variables may not be present in the records. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the complexity of the interactions between COVID-19 and different population groups, highlighting the need for interventions, public health policies and a multidisciplinary approach to ensure better health outcomes for the obstetric population.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las tendencias y factores asociados a la mortalidad materna por COVID-19 en mujeres a nivel nacional e internacional destacan la disparidad racial en los resultados de la enfermedad. OBJETIVO: Investigar la mortalidad entre las mujeres brasileñas en edad reproductiva entre 10-49 años a través del Observatorio Obstétrico Brasileño (OOBr) de 2020 a 2023. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio transversal de base poblacional realizado entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2023 en Brasil con mujeres en edad reproductiva, incluyendo datos demográficos como: edad, color de piel, región geopolítica, signos y síntomas, presencia o ausencia de comorbilidad, hospitalización en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, curación y muerte por COVID-19. RESULTADOS: El año 2021 registró el mayor número de casos, lo que indica un posible pico en la propagación de la enfermedad, especialmente entre las mujeres negras. El grupo de edad de 20 a 34 años presentó el mayor número de casos, y las regiones Sur y Noroeste registraron el mayor número de muertes. El análisis señaló la obesidad como factor de riesgo significativo de complicaciones graves por COVID-19 en mujeres embarazadas y puérperas. La necesidad de hospitalización en UCI y de asistencia ventilatoria ha aumentado con los años, con tasas más elevadas en 2021. DISCUSIÓN: Las clasificaciones inadecuadas de las defunciones pueden afectar a los resultados. El análisis está restringido a la información disponible sobre OOBr, y otras variables relevantes pueden no estar presentes en los registros. CONCLUSIÓN: El estudio pone de relieve la complejidad de las interacciones entre el COVID-19 y los diferentes grupos de población, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de intervenciones, políticas de salud pública y un enfoque multidisciplinario para garantizar mejores resultados de salud para la población obstétrica.

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This study examines factors associated with maternal mortality from 01 January 2020 to 31 December 2023 at the general referral hospital and in health centres and maternity units in the Kisenso health zone in the Kinshasa provincial health division. We used advanced statistics, with survival analysis performed using the Kaplan Meier estimator. The Cox model helped us to identify the factors associated with maternal mortality, as it is suitable for this type of study. The results of the analysis of our data show that the factors associated with maternal mortality of pregnant women and women who have recently given birth are: factors related to pregnancy, factors related to management and factors related to gynaecological and obstetric characteristics. Taking these factors into account can contribute to the implementation of interventions aimed at significantly reducing maternal mortality at central, intermediate and operational levels.

Cette étude porte sur les facteurs associés à la mortalité maternelle du 01 janvier 2020 au 31 décembre 2023 à l'hôpital général de référence et dans des centres de santé et maternités de la zone de santé de Kisenso dans la division provinciale de la santé de Kinshasa. Nous avons recouru à la statistique avancée, avec l'analyse de survie effectuée à l'aide de l'estimateur Kaplan Meier. Le modèle de Cox nous a aidés à identifier les facteurs associés à la mortalité maternelle car il convient pour ce genre d'étude. Les résultats de l'analyse de nos données démontrent que les facteurs associés à la mortalité maternelle des gestantes et accouchées sont : les facteurs liés à la grossesse, les facteurs liés à la prise en charge et les facteurs liés aux caractéristiques gynéco-obstétricale. La prise en compte de ces facteurs peut contribuer à la mise en place des interventions visant à réduire sensiblement la mortalité maternelle tant au niveau central, intermédiaire, qu'opérationnel

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess maternal mortality (MM) in Brazilian Black, Pardo, and White women. METHODS We evaluated the maternal mortality rate (MMR) using data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health public databases from 2017 to 2022. We compared MMR among Black, Pardo, and White women according to the region of the country, age, and cause. For statistical analysis, the Q2 test prevalence ratio (PR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS From 2017 to 2022, the general MMR was 68.0/100,000 live births (LB). The MMR was almost twice as high among Black women compared to White (125.81 vs 64.15, PR = 1.96, 95%CI:1.84-2.08) and Pardo women (125.8 vs 64.0, PR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.85-2.09). MMR was higher among Black women in all geographical regions, and the Southeast region reached the highest difference among Black and White women (115.5 versus 60.8, PR = 2.48, 95%CI: 2.03-3.03). During the covid-19 pandemic, MMR increased in all groups of women (Black 144.1, Pardo 74.8 and White 80.5/100.000 LB), and the differences between Black and White (PR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.64-1.95) and Black and Pardo (PR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.77-2.09) remained. MMR was significantly higher among Black women than among White or Pardo women in all age ranges and for all causes. CONCLUSION Black women presented higher MMR in all years, in all geographic regions, age groups, and causes. In Brazil, Black skin color is a key MM determinant. Reducing MM requires reducing racial disparities.

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Introducción: Conocer sobre riesgo preconcepcional durante la vida sexual activa en la adolescencia, es de vital importancia para reducir complicaciones materno-fetales. Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos sobre riesgo preconcepcional que posee un grupo de adolescentes con vida sexual activa. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el Policlínico Docente Aquiles Espinosa Salgado, del municipio Las Tunas, Cuba. El universo fue de 70 féminas y se estudiaron las siguientes variables: pacientes por Grupo Básico de Trabajo, acorde al estado civil, conocimientos sobre métodos anticonceptivos, y conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo preconcepcional y sobre consecuencias del embarazo en la adolescencia. La información obtenida se presentó en tablas, y los resultados se mostraron en porcientos. Resultados: El 65,7 por ciento de las adolescentes posee el estado civil acompañada; el 75,7 por ciento identifica a las tabletas como método anticonceptivo; el 94,3 por ciento reconoce a la adolescencia como un factor no modificable de riesgo preconcepcional, y el 15,7 por ciento cree que la promiscuidad es un factor modificable. La consecuencia del embarazo en la adolescencia más señalada por los estudiados fue interrumpir los estudios, para un 38,5 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las pacientes del Grupo Básico de Trabajo 1 mostraron mayores conocimientos, pero, de forma general, el nivel de conocimientos alcanzado sobre riesgo preconcepcional fue evaluado de mal(AU)

Introduction: knowing about preconception risk during active sexual life in adolescence is of vital importance to reduce maternal-fetal complications. Objective: To identify the knowledge about preconception risk in a group of adolescents with active sexual life. Methods: A clinical, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Polyclinic Aquiles Espinosa Salgado, in the municipality of Las Tunas, Cuba. The universe was 70 women, and the following variables were studied: patients by Basic Working Group, marital status, knowledge about contraceptive methods, and knowledge about preconception risk factors and consequences of teenage pregnancy. The information obtained was presented in tables and the results were shown in percentages Results: 65.7percent of adolescent have accompanied marital status; 75.7percent identify tablets as a contraceptive method; 94.3percent recognize adolescence as a non-modifiable preconception risk factor, and 15.7percent believe that promiscuity is a modifiable factor. The consequence of pregnancy in adolescence most indicated by those studied was interrupting studies, for 38.5%. Conclusions: The patients of the Basic Working Group 1 showed greater knowledge, but in general, the level of knowledge achieved on preconception risk was evaluated as poor(AU)

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O município de Guarulhos tem uma população estimada de 1.291.784 habitantes, dividido administrativamente em quatro regiões de saúde, com características socioeconômicas diferentes interferindo no acesso aos serviços de saúde. A razão da mortalidade materna entre os anos 2010-2020 apresentou o indicador de 66 mortes, e no período de 2010 a 2022 um total de 87 óbitos maternos diretos classificados com evitável. Neste estudo a análise dos dados permitiu verificar que as causas dos óbitos maternos diretos são hipertensão, pré-eclâmpsia, eclâmpsia, hemorragias e abortamento correspondendo a 71% das causas dos óbitos. É evidente a necessidade de estabelecer estratégias norteadas pela iniciativa global, com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e alcançar a meta para redução dos óbitos maternos. A pesquisa selecionou 13 Guias de Prática Clínica da Base Internacional de Guias GRADE (BIGG), propondo recomendações sobre diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento das principais causas de mortalidade materna encontradas no município. Os resultados encontrados constituiu o material norteador para a realização de um diálogo deliberativo que reuniu profissionais de saúde, gestores e sociedade civil para o levantamento das fragilidades encontradas na cidade para construção da linha de cuidado que favoreçam as boas práticas para a assistência ao pré-natal, parto e puerpério, apontando a necessidade do trabalho baseado em redes de atenção, a importância do processo formativo dos profissionais e da equidade na atenção à saúde.

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Abstract Objectives: to describe the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on maternal mortality in Brazil in 2021. Methods: it is an exploratory study with description of the excess maternal mortality in Brazil for 2021, considering different scenarios: (i) 2015-2019 linear trend; (ii) 2020 observed number of deaths; (iii) 2015-2019 linear trend corrected for general mortality excess; (iv) 2020 observed number of deaths corrected for general mortality excess. Results: compared to the trend of the previous five years, the year 2021 showed an excess mortality of 39% (n=3030). The maternal mortality ratio for 2021 drastically exceeded the SDG target for this indicator, reaching approximately 110 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. In any scenario described, there will be excess maternal mortality in 2021 higher than general mortality and higher than level presented in 2020. Analysis stratified by region demonstrates subnational heterogeneity. Conclusion: Covid-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on maternal health, not only by leading to increased deaths but also by increasing social health inequality. The year 2021 was the most critical period of the pandemic regarding the magnitude of mortality. Barriers to accessing and using essential health services are challenging to achieving health-related Sustainable Development Goals.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar os efeitos da pandemia da Covid-19 na mortalidade materna no Brasil em 2021. Métodos: realizou-se estudo exploratório com descrição do excesso de mortalidade materna no Brasil para 2021, considerando diferentes cenários: (i) tendência linear 2015-2019; (ii) número de óbitos observados em 2020; (iii) tendência linear 2015-2019 corrigida para excesso de mortalidade geral; (iv) número de óbitos observados em 2020 corrigido pelo excesso de mortalidade geral. Resultados: em comparação com a tendência dos cinco anos anteriores, o ano de 2021 apresentou excesso de mortalidade de 39% (n=3030). A razãode mortalidade materna para 2021 ultrapassou a meta dos ODS para este indicador, atingindo um nível superior a 110 mortes maternas por cem mil nascidos vivos. Em qualquer cenário, houve excesso de mortalidade materna em 2021 superior à mortalidade geral em 2020. A análise estratificada por região demonstra heterogeneidade subnacional. Conclusão: a pandemia da Covid-19 teve impacto considerável na saúde materna, não só por levar ao aumento de mortes, mas também por aumentar a iniquidade em saúde. O ano de 2021 foi o período mais crítico da pandemia em termos de mortalidade. Barreiras ao acesso e uso de serviços de saúde são um desafio para alcançar os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável relacionados à saúde.

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Abstract Objectives: evaluate the association between the maternal near miss rate (TNMM) and sociodemographic and health care factors. Methods: this is an aggregated, cross- sectional epidemiological survey, with regression analysis and spatial analysis, with the units of analysis being the 399 municipalities that make up the four health macro- regions in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Data from the years 2018 to 2021 were obtained through the state maternal near miss report and monitoring system. Results: the state's total TNMM was 6.4 per 1,000 live births, with an increasing trend during the studied period (p<0.001). Sociodemographic and healthcare factors were not associated with TNMM, except for municipalities with a higher degree of urbanization (β adjusted=0.022; CI95%=0.002-0.041) and located in the northern health macro-region (β adjusted=12.352; CI95%= 10.779-15.099), demonstrated by clusters with high and positive associations (high-high). Conclusion: the lack of association with sociodemographic and care factors may be due to their low effect on near miss, or the underreporting of near miss cases in the state. The differences found can be justified by the organization of health services and the intense regionalization of municipalities belonging to the macronorth, which have a better near miss report culture.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação existente entre a taxa de near miss materno (TNMM) com fatores sociodemográficos e assistenciais de saúde. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica agregada, transversal, com análises de regressão e análise espacial, sendo as unidades de análise os 399 municípios que compõem as quatro macrorregiões de saúde do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados provenientes dos anos de 2018 a 2021 foram obtidos por meio do sistema estadual de notificação e monitoramento do near miss materno. Resultados: a TNMM total do estado foi de 6,4 por 1.000 nascidos-vivos, com tendência de aumento no período estudado (p<0,001). Fatores sociodemográficos e assistenciais não se associaram com a TNMM, exceto municípios com maior grau de urbanização (β ajustado=0,022; IC95%= 0,002-0,041) e localizados na macrorregião norte de saúde (β ajustado=12,352; IC95%= 10,779; 15,099), demonstrado por clusters com associações altas e positivas (high- high). Conclusão: a ausência de associação com os fatores sociodemográficos e assistenciais podem decorrer do baixo efeito dos mesmos sobre o near miss, ou à subnotificação de casos de near miss materno no estado. As diferenças encontradas podem ser justificadas pela organização dos serviços de saúde e intensa regionalização dos municípios pertencentes à macronorte, os quais apresentam melhor cultura de notificação de near miss.

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Abstract Objective: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death globally. Therefore, prevention strategies have been created. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of PPH and its risk factors after implementing a risk stratification at admission in a teaching hospital. Methods: A retrospective cohort involving a database of SISMATER® electronic medical record. Classification in low, medium, or high risk for PPH was performed through data filled out by the obstetrician-assistant. PPH frequency was calculated, compared among these groups and associated with the risk factors. Results: The prevalence of PPH was 6.8%, 131 among 1,936 women. Sixty-eight (51.9%) of them occurred in the high-risk group, 30 (22.9%) in the medium-risk and 33 (25.2%) in the low-risk group. The adjusted-odds ratio (OR) for PPH were analyzed using a confidence interval (95% CI) and was significantly higher in who presented multiple pregnancy (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.28 to 6.49), active bleeding on admission (OR 6.12, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.65), non-cephalic presentation (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.20 to 4.65), retained placenta (OR 9.39, 95% CI 2.90 to 30.46) and placental abruption (OR 6.95, 95% CI 2.06 to 23.48). Vaginal delivery figured out as a protective factor (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.98). Conclusion: Prediction of PPH is still a challenge since its unpredictable factor arrangements. The fact that the analysis did not demonstrate a relationship between risk category and frequency of PPH could be attributable to the efficacy of the strategy: Women classified as "high-risk" received adequate medical care, consequently.

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Abstract Objective In Brazil, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Data on the profile of women and risk factors associated with PPH are sparse. This study aimed to describe the profile and management of patients with PPH, and the association of risk factors for PPH with severe maternal outcomes (SMO). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) obstetric intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2012 and March 2020, including patients who gave birth at the hospital and that were admitted with PPH to the ICU. Results The study included 358 patients, of whom 245 (68.4%) delivered in the IMIP maternity, and 113 (31.6%) in other maternity. The mean age of the patients was 26.7 years, with up to eight years of education (46.1%) and a mean of six prenatal care. Uterine atony (72.9%) was the most common cause, 1.6% estimated blood loss, 2% calculated shock index (SI), 63.9% of patients received hemotransfusion, and 27% underwent hysterectomy. 136 cases of SMO were identified, 35.5% were classified as maternal near miss and 3.0% maternal deaths. Multiparity was associated with SMO as an antepartum risk factor (RR=1.83, 95% CI1.42-2.36). Regarding intrapartum risk factors, abruptio placentae abruption was associated with SMO (RR=2.2 95% CI1.75-2.81). Among those who had hypertension (49.6%) there was a lower risk of developing SMO. Conclusion The principal factors associated with poor maternal outcome were being multiparous and placental abruption.

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Introducción: El ultrasonido Doppler es una herramienta muy útil para medir el flujo de las arterias uterinas en el primero y segundo trimestre del embarazo. Objetivo: La relación existente entre la flujometría Doppler patológica y la predicción de preeclampsia. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de cohorte, observacional y analítica prospectiva. De 113 embarazadas con Doppler patológico en el primer trimestre y de seguimientos, se seleccionó una muestra de n = 65 correspondiente a todas las gestantes sanas que culminaron su parto y puerperio. Se analizaron variables como edad, tiempo gestación, peso fetal, tipo o vía del parto, así como la validez como predictor de preeclampsia. Los datos se procesaron para su análisis utilizando la estadística descriptiva. Las variables cualitativas se resumieron según frecuencias absolutas y relativas porcentuales, se calculó la media de la edad y su desviación estándar. Resultados: La relación entre Doppler patológico y preeclampsia fue de 15,3 por ciento y se relacionó más con Doppler a las 24 semanas y de la arteria uterina, predominaron las edades de 20-34 años, edad promedio = 27,2 años, coincidió con mayor porcentaje de preeclampsia, el 9,2 por ciento con preeclampsia requirió de cesárea, predominaron los embarazos a término y el recién nacido con peso mayor de 2500 gramos, la morbilidad más asociada fue la anemia, seguido de crecimiento uterino retardado Conclusiones: El uso del Doppler en esta investigación no demostró su valor predictivo en el pesquizaje de la preeclampsia(AU)

Introduction: Doppler ultrasound is a very useful tool for measuring uterine artery flow in the first and second quarters of pregnancy. Objective: The relationship between pathological Doppler flowmetry and the prediction of preeclampsia. Methods: A prospective, observational and analytical cohort study was performed. From 113 pregnant women with pathological Doppler in the first quarters and follow-up, a sample of 65 was selected, corresponding to all healthy pregnant women who completed their delivery and puerperium. Variables such as age, gestation time, fetal weight, type or route of delivery, as well as validity as a predictor of preeclampsia, were analyzed. The data were processed for analysis using descriptive statistics. Qualitative variables were summarized according to absolute and relative percentage frequencies, while mean age and its standard deviation were calculated. Results: The relationship between pathologic Doppler and preeclampsia was 15.3 percent. It was more related to Doppler at 24 weeks and uterine artery Doppler. Ages 20-34 years predominated. The mean age (27.2 years) coincided with a higher percentage of preeclampsia. The 9.2 percent with preeclampsia required cesarean section. There was a predominance of term pregnancies and newborns weighing more than 2500 grams. The most associated morbidity was anemia, followed by delayed uterine growth. Conclusions: The use of Doppler in this research did not demonstrate its predictive value in the screening for preeclampsia(AU)

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Abstract Objectives: to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of maternal mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2019. Methods: an ecological, longitudinal study of space-time analysis of maternal deaths in Brazil from 2000 to 2019, using the 450 health regions as the spatial unit. Data available from Datasus were used. Analyses were conducted using Satscan v9.7 software, considering the discrete Poisson probability model. Results: five clusters of high maternal mortality were identified, predominantly in the North and Midwest regions, as well as in the state of Rio de Janeiro and parts of the Northeast. Five low-risk clusters were identified, mainly along the northeastern coast and in states in the South and Southeast. Temporal analysis revealed a low-risk cluster from 2000 to 2007 (RR=0.92; p<0.001), indicating significant advances in maternal health during this period. Conclusions: the North region of the country showed high MMR values, concentrating high-risk clusters in the spatiotemporal analysis, with high MMR between 2000 and 2009, showing a correlation of maternal mortality with the country's socioeconomic inequalities.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da mortalidade materna no Brasil nos anos de 2000 a 2019. Métodos: estudo ecológico, longitudinal, de análise espaço-temporal dos óbitos maternos no Brasil, de 2000 a 2019, utilizando como unidade espacial as 450 regiões de saúde com dados disponíveis no Datasus. As análises foram feitas com o software Satscan v9.7, considerando o modelo de probabilidade discreto de Poisson. Resultados: foram identificados cinco clusters de alta mortalidade materna, predominantemente nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste, além do estado do Rio de Janeiro e partes do Nordeste. Cinco clusters de baixo risco foram identificados, principalmente na costa nordestina e em estados do Sul e Sudeste. A análise temporal revelou um cluster de baixo risco de 2000 a 2007 (RR=0.92; p<0.001), indicando avanços significativos na saúde materna durante esse período. Conclusões: a região Norte do país apresentou altos valores de RMM, concentrando clusters de alto risco na análise espaço-temporal, com altas RMM entre 2000 e 2009, mostrando uma correlação da mortalidade materna com o perfil de desigualdades socioeconômicas do país.

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Resumo Objetivo Identificar o perfil de nascimentos das gestações de mulheres com acesso à internet que cursaram com a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e seus desfechos. Métodos Estudo transversal integrado a uma coorte prospectiva, com coleta entre agosto de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022, baseado nas respostas de 304 mulheres que tiveram gestações e/ou partos durante o período pandêmico. Resultados Do total, 25,7% das entrevistadas tiveram COVID-19, com predomínio de diagnósticos no terceiro trimestre. Queixas de anosmia, fadiga e cefaleia prevaleceram como relacionados à infecção. As variáveis: utilizar o Sistema Único de Saúde para atendimento (p = 0,084); diabetes gestacional (p = 0,141); baixo peso de nascimento (p = 0,117); necessidade de internação em unidade neonatal (p = 0,120) foram inseridas no modelo de regressão por terem valores de p inferiores a 0,20. A variável referente ao tipo de parto (p=1,000) foi inserida no modelo por se tratar de uma variável de interesse e com descrição de relevância na literatura. A prematuridade foi a única variável que apresentou associação estatística com a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 durante a gestação (p = 0,008) na análise bivariada, explicando o desfecho da infecção na gestação (<0,001), comprovado no modelo de Regressão Robusta de Poisson. Conclusão Observou-se alta prevalência de COVID-19 na amostra, com variação de sintomas e predomínio de partos operatórios. No entanto, a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 explicou apenas a maior ocorrência de nascimentos prematuros.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar el perfil de nacimientos de los embarazos de mujeres con acceso a internet que lo cursaron con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y sus desenlaces. Métodos Estudio transversal integrado a una cohorte prospectiva, con recopilación entre agosto de 2021 y febrero de 2022, basado en las respuestas de 304 mujeres que tuvieron embarazos o partos durante el período pandémico. Resultados Del total, el 25,7 % de las entrevistadas tuvieron COVID-19, con predominio de diagnósticos en el tercer trimestre. Prevalecieron quejas de anosmia, fatiga y cefalea como relacionadas a la infección. Las variables utilización del Sistema Único de Salud para atención (p = 0,084), diabetes gestacional (p = 0,141), bajo peso de nacimiento (p = 0,117), necesidad de internación en unidad neonatal (p = 0,120) se introdujeron en el modelo de regresión por tener valores de p inferiores a 0,20. Se introdujo la variable relacionada al tipo de parto (p = 1,000) en el modelo por tratarse de una variable de interés y con descripción de relevancia en la literatura. La prematuridad fue la única variable que presentó asociación estadística con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 durante el embarazo (p = 0,008) en el análisis bivariado, lo que explica el desenlace de la infección en el embarazo (>0,001), comprobado en el modelo de regresión robusta de Poisson. Conclusión Se observó alta prevalencia de COVID-19 en la muestra, con variación de síntomas y predominio de partos operatorios. Sin embargo, la infección por SARS-CoV-2 explicó solamente la mayor incidencia de nacimientos prematuros.

Abstract Objective Identify the profile of births of pregnancies of women with internet access who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their outcomes. Methods Cross-sectional study integrated into a prospective cohort, with collection between August 2021 and February 2022, based on the responses of 304 women who had pregnancies and/or deliveries during the pandemic period. Results Of the total, 25.7% of the interviewees had COVID-19, with a predominance of diagnoses in the third quarter. Complaints of anosmia, fatigue and headache prevailed as related to the infection. The variables using the Unified Health System for care (p = 0.084); gestational diabetes (p = 0.141); low birth weight (p = 0.117); need for admission to a neonatal unit (p = 0.120) were included in the regression model because they had p values lower than 0.20. The variable referring to the type of delivery (p=1.000) was inserted in the model because it is a variable of interest and with a description of relevance in the literature. Prematurity was the only variable that was statistically associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy (p = 0.008) in the bivariate analysis, explaining the outcome of infection during pregnancy (<0.001), confirmed in the Poisson Robust Regression model. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of COVID-19 in the sample, with varying symptoms and a predominance of operative deliveries. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection only explained the higher occurrence of premature births.

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Introducción: La prevención del embarazo entre las adolescentes y la mortalidad relacionada con este embarazo son fundamentales para lograr resultados positivos en la salud a lo largo de la vida y son imprescindibles para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Objetivo: Describir la mortalidad obstétrica y sus causas en adolescentes en Cuba entre 2007-2020. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de series cronológicas. El universo fueron las 60 muertes maternas en adolescentes entre 2007-2020 en Cuba. Se utilizó la variable muerte materna por causas obstétricas según la clasificación internacional de enfermedades. Se calcularon la razón de mortalidad materna, promedio, valores máximos y mínimos. Se efectuó análisis de correlación con el estadístico Box Ljung para probar autocorrelación. Se consideró significativo p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Como promedio ocurrieron cuatro muertes maternas anuales con mayor peso en 2015 (16,7 por ciento). La media de la razón de mortalidad fue de 23,7 por 105 nacidos vivos. La más elevada correspondió al año 2015 (56,0) y el mínimo fue en 2012 sin decesos. El correlograma no evidenció tendencia ni correlación y las probabilidades asociadas a Box Ljung no fueron significativas (p > 0,05). Los valores más altos fueron en las complicaciones del puerperio (5,1 por 105 nacidos vivos), seguida de abortos. Conclusiones: El exceso de riesgo de mortalidad materna en adolescentes en Cuba no resulta despreciable y sus principales causas son la sepsis puerperal y los abortos médicos(AU)

Introduction: Preventing teenage pregnancy and pregnancy-related mortality is critical to achieving positive health outcomes throughout life and it is essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Objective: To describe obstetric mortality and its causes in adolescents in Cuba in 2007 to 2020. Methods: A descriptive study of chronological series was carried out. The universe was the 60 maternal deaths in adolescents in 2007 to 2020 in Cuba. The variable maternal death due to obstetric causes was used according to the international classification of diseases. The maternal mortality ratio, average, maximum and minimum values were calculated. Correlation analysis was carried out with the Box Ljung statistic to test for autocorrelation. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: On average, four maternal deaths occurred annually with the highest load in 2015 (16.7 percent). The mean mortality ratio was 23.7 per 105 live births. The highest corresponded to 2015 (56.0) and the lowest was in 2012 with no deaths. The correlogram did not show a trend or correlation and the probabilities associated with Box Ljung were not significant (p > 0.05). The highest values were in postpartum complications (5.1 per 105 live births), followed by abortions. Conclusions: The excess risk of maternal mortality in adolescents in Cuba is not negligible and its main causes are puerperal sepsis and medical abortions(AU)

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En la actualidad Venezuela se encuentra en una crisis social y económica sin precedentes. La mortalidad materna(MM) es un indicador en salud importante, debido a que permite tener idea de la atención médica de un país; se mide a través de dos indicadores: Razón de Mortalidad Materna (RMM) y Tasa de Mortalidad Materna (TMM). Objetivo: Revisar y compararla evolución de ambos indicadores de MM desde la década de 1930 hasta la década 2000. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura y de informes técnicos de organismos gubernamentales y no gubernamentales para el análisis de la situación previa y reciente de esta situación en Venezuela. Los resultados señalan que existe una notable disminución de las cifras de MM como ha de esperarse con el mejoramiento de la tecnología desde la década de 1930 hasta el año 2000; posteriormente ocurre un retroceso de la sanidad pública con cifras comparables a la década de 1960. Concluimos que la MM ha sido desde tiempos pasados un problema constante en la salud pública; al pasar los años y gobiernos, se han implementado numerosas políticas públicas para mejorar esta situación, muchas de estas estrategias han sido fallidas debido a la falta de su continuidad y de su cumplimiento pleno.

Venezuela is currently in an unprecedented socialand economic crisis. Maternal mortality is an important health indicator because it provides an idea of a country's medical care. Maternal mortality is usually measured through two indicators: Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) and Maternal Mortality Rate. Objective: Review and compare the evolution of both healthindicators from the 1930s to 2016. Methods: A review of the literature and technical reports from governmental andnon-governmental organizations was carried out to analyze theprevious and recent situation. of this situation in Venezuela. Theresults indicate that there is a notable decrease in the figures ofmaternal mortality, as should be expected with the improvementof technology from the 1930s to the year 2000. Subsequently, there is a decline in public health with figures comparable to the1960s. We conclude that maternal mortality has been a constant problem in public health since ancient times. Over the years and governments, numerous public policies have been implementedto improve this situation. Many of these strategies have beenfailed due to lack of continuity and in the absence of its full compliance.