ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à tentativa de suicídio por pessoas com transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias em tratamento nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de Álcool e outras Drogas. Método: estudo observacional e transversal realizado com 137 pessoas com transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias em tratamento em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de Álcool e outras Drogas de uma capital da região Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e novembro de 2018 por entrevista estruturada e submetidos à análise quantitativa descritiva, univariada e múltipla. Resultados: 51,8% dos participantes apresentaram ao menos uma tentativa de suicídio alguma vez na vida. Pensamentos suicidas ativos com intenção e com planejamento permaneceram associadas de modo independente ao histórico de tentativa de suicídio (RP: 2,87; IC: 1,04-7,91; p: 0,041). Na análise univariada houve associação entre tentativa de suicídio e dias de problema físico, intensidade dos pensamentos suicidas, comportamento preparatório, sentimentos depressivos, histórico familiar de transtorno mental, internamento em hospital psiquiátrico, importância de tratamento em saúde mental e prescrição de medicamentos. Conclusão: mais gravidade de pensamentos suicidas foi identificada como fator associado ao histórico de tentativa de suicídio. Enfatiza-se a importância da escuta ativa na prática profissional em saúde, do vínculo terapêutico e do acolhimento nos serviços de atenção à saúde.
RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados al intento de suicidio de personas con trastornos relacionados con el consumo de sustancias en tratamiento en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y otras Drogas. Método: estudio observacional y transversal realizado con 137 personas con trastornos relacionados con el consumo de sustancias en tratamiento en los Centros de Atención Psicosocial por Alcohol y otras Drogas de una capital del sur de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre abril y noviembre de 2018 a través de entrevistas estructuradas y sometidos a análisis cuantitativo descriptivo, univariado y múltiple. Resultados: el 51,8% de los participantes tuvo al menos un intento de suicidio en algún momento de su vida. Los pensamientos suicidas activos con intención y planificación permanecieron asociados de forma independiente con la historia de un intento de suicidio (RP: 2,87; IC: 1,04-7,91; p: 0,041). En el análisis univariado, hubo asociación entre intento de suicidio y días de problema físico, intensidad de pensamientos suicidas, comportamiento preparatorio, sentimientos depresivos, antecedentes familiares de trastorno mental, ingreso en un hospital psiquiátrico, importancia del tratamiento de salud mental y prescripción de medicamentos. Conclusión: la mayor gravedad de los pensamientos suicidas se identificó como un factor asociado a la historia de intento de suicidio. Enfatiza la importancia de la escucha activa en la práctica profesional de la salud, el vínculo terapéutico y la aceptación en los servicios de salud.
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors associated with suicide attempts by people with substance use disorders undergoing treatment at the Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Other Drugs. Method: observational and cross-sectional study carried out with 137 people with substance use disorders undergoing treatment at Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Other Drugs in a capital city in the southern region of Brazil. Data were collected between April and November 2018 by structured interview and subjected to descriptive, univariate, and multiple quantitative analysis. Results: 51.8% of participants had at least one suicide attempt at some point in their lives. Active suicidal thoughts with intent and planning remained independently associated with the history of attempted suicide (PR: 2.87; CI: 1.04-7.91; p: 0.041). In the univariate analysis, there was an association between suicide attempt and days of physical problems, intensity of suicidal ideation, preparatory acts, depressive feelings, family history of mental disorder, hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, importance of mental health treatment and medication prescription. Conclusion: more severity of suicidal ideation was identified as a factor associated with a history of suicide attempt. It emphasizes the importance of active listening in professional health practice, the therapeutic bond and reception in health care services.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Suicide, Attempted , Mental Health , Substance-Related Disorders , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Health ServicesABSTRACT
Introdução: A falta de adesão à fonoterapia é comum na área de voz. Diversos fatores podem estar associados, porém poucos estudos se propuseram a estudar características emocionais dos pacientes. Objetivo: Verificar se o traço e estado de ansiedade, transtornos mentais comuns e sintomas vocais podem diferenciar pacientes com e sem adesão à fonoterapia em voz. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, de campo e quantitativo. Participaram 24 pacientes, com média das idades de 47,79 (+18.83) anos, distribuídos em: Grupo de pacientes que aderiram à fonoterapia (PAF) e pacientes que não aderiram à fonoterapia na área de voz (PNAF). Foram aplicados a Escala de Sintomas vocais (ESV), Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) e Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Resultados: Pacientes do PAF apresentaram médias de 34.20 (+10,67) e 39,53 (+11,09) para o traço e estado de ansiedade, respectivamente. Enquanto participantes do PNAF apresentaram médias de 33.89 (+10,34) e 45,22 (+9,34), respectivamente. No que se refere ao SRQ-20, pacientes do PAF obtiveram média de 5,93 (+3,99) e o PNAF de 7,33 (+3,66). Finalmente, o grupo PAF apresentou média de 56,54 (+27,51) e o PNAF de 46,38 (+15,80) para o escore total da ESV. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para o traço e estado de ansiedade, SRQ e escore total da ESV. Conclusão: Pacientes sem adesão à fonoterapia em voz apresentam menores graus de escolaridade, de sintomas vocais e escores mais elevados de transtornos mentais comuns. Entretanto não foram fatores decisivos para diferenciá-los quanto à adesão à fonoterapia vocal.
Introduction: The lack of adherence to speech therapy is common in the voice area. Several factors may be associated, but few studies have been proposed to study patients' emotional characteristics. Purpose: To verify if trait and state of anxiety, common mental disorders and vocal symptoms may differ patients with and without adherence to voice therapy. Methods: Retrospective, field and quantitative study. The participants were 24 patients, with a mean age of 47.79 (+18.83) years, distributed in: Group of patients who adhered to speech therapy (PAST) and patients who did not adhere to speech therapy in the voice area (PNAST). The Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS), Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and Trait-State Anxiety Inventory were applied. Results: PAST patients had averages of 34.20 (+10.67) and 39.53 (+11.09) for the trait and state of anxiety, respectively. While PNAST patients had averages of 33.89 (+10.34) and 45.22 (+9.34), respectively. With regard to the SRQ-20, PAST patients obtained an average of 5.93 (+3.99) and the PNAST of 7.33 (+3.66). Finally, the PAST group had an average of 56.54 (+27.51) and the PNAST, of 46.38 (+15.80) for the VoiSS total score. There were no significant differences between groups for trait and state of anxiety, SRQ and total VoiSS score. Conclusion: Patients without adherence to speech therapy have lower levels of education, vocal symptoms and higher scores for common mental disorders. However, these were not decisive factors to differentiate these patients about adherence to voice therapy.
Introducción: La falta de adherencia a la terapia del habla es común en el área de la voz. Se pueden asociar varios factores, pero pocos estudios han propuesto estudiar las caracteriÌsticas emocionales de los pacientes. Objetivo: Verificar si el rasgo y el estado de ansiedad, los trastornos mentales comunes y los siÌntomas vocales pueden diferenciar a los pacientes con y sin adherencia a la terapia del habla en la voz. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, de campo y cuantitativo. Participaron 24 pacientes, con una edad media de 47,79 (+18,83) años, distribuidos en: Grupo de pacientes que adhirieron a la terapia del habla (PATH) y pacientes que no se adhirieron a la terapia del habla en el área de la voz (PNATH). Se aplicaron la Escala de síntomas de voz (ESV), el Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) y el Inventario de ansiedad por rasgo- estado. Resultados: los pacientes con PATH tuvieron promedios de 34.20 (+10.67) y 39.53 (+11.09) para el rasgo y el estado de ansiedad, respectivamente. Mientras que los participantes de PNATH tuvieron promedios de 33.89 (+10.34) y 45.22 (+9.34), respectivamente. Con respecto al SRQ-20, los pacientes del PATH obtuvieron un promedio de 5.93 (+3.99) y el PNATH de 7.33 (+3.66). Finalmente, el grupo PATH tuvo un promedio de 56.54 (+27.51) y el PNATH de 46.38 (+15.80) para el puntaje total de ESV. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos para el rasgo (p = 0,98) y el estado (p = 019) de ansiedad, SRQ (p = 0,4) y la puntuacioÌn total de ESV (p = 0,18). Conclusión: Los pacientes sin adherencia a la terapia del habla tienen niveles más bajos de educacioÌn, siÌntomas vocales y puntuaciones más altas para los trastornos mentales comunes. Sin embargo, no fueron factores decisivos para diferenciarlos con respecto a la adherencia a la terapia del habla vocal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Speech Therapy , Dysphonia/etiology , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/psychology , Voice , Retrospective Studies , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Mental Disorders/complicationsABSTRACT
Introducción: Se actualiza la relación del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro con enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas, en particular en trastornos del comportamiento en la infancia y adultos postulados en años recientes. Objetivo: Analizar la participación del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro con alteraciones del comportamiento humano, con preferencia en la infancia y el papel de la disbiosis como factor determinante. Métodos: Se revisaron las publicaciones sobre el tema en español e inglés en bases de datos de PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO y Latindex desde el 2015 hasta el 30 septiembre de 2019. Resultados: Se actualizaron los criterios sobre el papel del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro, posibles vías de acción y asociación con disbiosis y otros factores, desencadenados por alteración de la microbiota intestinal y su influencia en los trastornos del comportamiento mental, representados por el espectro autista, hipoactividad/ hiperexcitabilidad, ansiedad y depresión. Consideraciones finales: Los conocimientos alcanzados en el último decenio en estudios experimentales en ratones y la aplicación de sus resultados en humanos, sobre el papel del eje bidireccional microbiota-intestino-cerebro y sus relaciones con el equilibrio y desequilibrio de la microbiota intestinal, argumentan la posible participación del eje referido en el neurodesarrollo, afectación cerebral y neuromodulación y en especial en trastornos de conducta, como el espectro autista y otras afecciones analizadas(AU)
Introduction: The microbiota-gut-brain axis´ relation with neurological and psychiatric diseases is updated, in particular in behavioral disorders in children and adults postulated in recent years. Objective: To analyze the participation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in alterations of human behavior, with a preference in childhood and the role of dysbiosis as a determining factor. Methods: It was reviewed the literature on the subject in Spanish and English in databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO and Latindex from 2015 until September 30, 2019. Results: The criteria were updated on the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, possible ways of action and association with dysbiosis and other factors triggered by alteration of the intestinal microbiota and its influence on mental behavior disorders represented by the autism spectrum, hypoactivity/ hyperexcitability, anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Knowledge achieved in the last decade in experimental studies in mice and the application of their results in humans, the role of the microbiota-gut-brain bi-directional axis and its relations with the balance and imbalance of the intestinal microbiota argue on the possible involvement of the referred axis in neurodevelopment, brain affectation and neuromodulation, and especially in behavioral disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and other conditions analyzed(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cerebrum/microbiology , Dysbiosis/complications , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Mental Disorders/complicationsABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La Unidad de Corta Estadía Infanto-juvenil del Hospital Psiquiátrico del Salvador (Valparaíso, Chile) y sus pacientes poseen características clínicas y sociales diferentes a las reportadas por la escasa literatura nacional al respecto. OBJETIVOS: Describir el funcionamiento la unidad, las características sociofamiliares y clínicas de sus pacientes y analizar los factores asociados a su evolución clínica. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal que describió el universo de pacientes hospitalizados durante tres años. Las variables se recogieron desde una base de datos anonimizada. Se evaluó la evolución clínica dentro del año posterior al egreso hospitalario. RESULTADOS: El modelo de atención de la unidad presenta los componentes biomédico, psicodinámico y ecológico. Se analizaron 98 pacientes, 70,4% hombres, con edad promedio de 11,5 ± 2,3 años. Un 82,6% perteneció al nivel socioeconómico bajo y 35,7% estaba desescolarizado; 98,9% presentó disfunción familiar y 91,8% de los padres portaba alguna psicopatología. Los motivos de ingreso más frecuente fueron riesgo de hetero y autoagresión. Los diagnósticos de egreso más frecuente fueron trastornos de conducta, depresivos y del desarrollo de la personalidad. El tiempo de estadía promedio fue de 41,8 ± 31,1 días. Los fármacos más utilizados fueron antipsicóticos y estabilizadores del ánimo. Un 47% tuvo una buena evolución clínica, 27% regular y 26% insatisfactoria. El único factor que se asoció a esta última fue haber tenido prescrito un antidepresivo durante la hospitalización. El factor que consistentemente se vinculó al reingreso a lo largo de un año, fue el haber presentado trastorno por consumo de sustancias. El abandono a tratamiento se relacionó con haber presentado un trastorno de conducta al egreso hospitalario y a tener padres con antecedente de suicidio o suicidio consumado. CONCLUSIONES: El perfil de pacientes de esta unidad corresponde a pacientes de nivel socioeconómico bajo, psicopatología severa, conducta desadaptativa, disfunción familiar y frecuente psicopatología parental. El trastorno por consumo de sustancias es un factor significativamente asociado al reingreso hospitalario.
INTRODUCTION: Patients of the Short-stay Child and Adolescent Unit of the Del Salvador Psychiatric Hospital (Valparaíso, Chile) exhibit different clinical and social characteristics compared to literature reports of other national centers, although published data are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To describe the operation of the Unit, the socio-familial and clinical characteristics of its patients and analyze factors associated with their clinical evolution. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study to describe the patients hospitalized over a three-year period. Variables were registered in an anonymized database. Clinical evolution was evaluated over the year following hospital discharge. RESULTS: The Unit's model of care can be described as involving biomedical, psychodynamic, and ecological components. We included 98 patients, of which 70.4% were male, and the average age was 11.5 ± 2.3 years. 82.6% were of low socioeconomic status, and 35.7% did not attend school; 98.9% presented family dysfunction, and 91.8% of parents had a history of psychopathology. The most frequent reason for admission was the risk of harm to self or others. The most frequent discharge diagnoses were behavioral, depressive, and personality development disorders. The average length of stay was 41.8 ± 31.1 days. The most commonly used pharmacological agents were antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Regarding clinical evolution in the first year post-discharge, 47% were evaluated as positive, 27% regular, and 26% unsatisfactory. The factor associated with an unsatisfactory clinical course was having had in-patient antidepressants. Re-admission during the first year post-discharge was associated with comorbid substance use disorder. Treatment noncompliance was associated with a history of behavioral disorder at hospital discharge and having parents with a history of suicide or consummated suicide. CONCLUSIONS: The patient profile is one of low socioeconomic status, severe psychopathology, maladaptive behavior, family dysfunction, and parental psychopathology. Substance use disorder is also associated with readmission.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Hospitalization , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/therapy , Patient Readmission , Suicide , Antipsychotic Agents , Family , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitals, PsychiatricABSTRACT
Introducción: Los pacientes con trastornos mentales están sometidos a un mayor número de factores de riesgo de enfermedades bucodentales y temporomandibulares. Ello debido a los efectos secundarios de las medicaciones que consumen, la falta de autocuidado, la dificultad para acceder a atención, la actitud hacia los profesionales sanitarios y también la falta de cooperación en los tratamientos dentales. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) y el índice de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados (CPO-D) en pacientes con discapacidad psicosocial crónica internados en el Hospital Psiquiátrico de la ciudad de Asunción, Paraguay. Material y Métodos: El estudio tuvo un diseño observacional descriptivo de corte transversal y fue aprobado por el comité de ética institucional. Participaron 139 personas con discapacidad psicosocial crónica de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, en el mes de mayo, 2018. Como instrumentos de medición se utilizaron: un cuestionario de 3 preguntas, el examen clínico con 5 indicadores para la variable presencia de TTM, el odontograma para el índice CPO-D y los expedientes clínicos. Resultados: Se encontró una población en su mayoría masculina, con un rango de edad entre 40-50 años, y un alto porcentaje de fumadores activos. Se observó que el 83,5 % de los examinados presentaba TTM. El índice CPO-D fue 22,8. Entre los signos de TTM, el ruido articular fue el más común. Conclusión: Se observó una elevada frecuencia de TTM en las personas con discapacidad psicosocial y un elevado índice CPO-D. Palabras Claves: Salud bucal, trastornos ATM, índice CPO, salud mental, psiquiatría, trastorno psicosocial.
Introduction: Patients with mental disorders are subject to a greater number of risk factors for oral and temporomandibular diseases. This is due to the side effects of the medication they consume, the lack of self-care, the difficulty in accessing medical help, the attitude of the patients towards health professionals and also the lack of cooperation in their dental treatments. Objective: To determined the frequency of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT) in people with chronic psychosocial disability admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital of the city of Asunción. Material and Methods: This descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was approved by the local ethics committee. One hundred and thirty-nine people with chronic psychosocial disabilities, of both sexes, over 18 years of age participated during May, 2018. The instruments used were a 3-item questionnaire, clinical examination with 5 indicators for presence of TMD, the odontogram for the DMFT index and the clinical charts. Results:A predominantly male population, with an age range between 40-50 years, and a high percentage of active smokers was found. TMD was found in 83.5% and the DMFT index was 22.8. Among the signs of TMD, joint noise was the most common. Conclusion:A high frequency of TMD was observed in people with psychosocial disabilities and a high CPO-D index. Key words: Oral health TMJ , disorder, DMF index, mental health, psychiatry
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/complications , Tooth Loss , Dental Caries , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Mental Disorders/complications , Paraguay/epidemiology , Social Behavior , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Care for Disabled , Mental Disorders/epidemiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand actions of nurses who care for people person with mental illness at a Referenced Emergency Unit in a university hospital. Methods: a qualitative research based on Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology. Data collection was performed between December 2015 and January 2016 through phenomenological interviews with 13 nurses from an Emergency Unit. Results: nurses embrace according to their previous experiences. They easily identify biological complaints and, when they recognize psychiatric signs and symptoms, refer them to the psychiatrist. They raise doubts about what to do, so they expect to be qualified for such action, believing that a protocol could help as well as they need more time. Final considerations: the understanding of the lived type of nurse who embraces people with mental distress made possible in this study need recognition for research and interventions that focus on biological, psychic and social dimension articulation at embracement.
RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender las acciones de las enfermeras que reciben a la persona con enfermedad mental en una Unidad de Emergencia recomendada en un hospital universitario. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, basada en la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz. La recolección de datos se realizó entre diciembre de 2015 y enero de 2016, a través de entrevistas fenomenológicas con 13 enfermeras de una Unidad de Emergencia. Resultados: las enfermeras aceptan de acuerdo con sus experiencias anteriores, identifican fácilmente las quejas biológicas y, cuando reconocen los signos y síntomas psiquiátricos, los remiten al psiquiatra. Tienen preguntas sobre qué hacer, por lo que esperan estar calificados para tal acción, creen que un protocolo podría ayudar y necesitar más tiempo. Consideraciones finales: la comprensión del tipo vivido de la enfermera que recibe a la persona en sufrimiento mental hizo posible en este estudio el reconocimiento de la necesidad de investigación e intervenciones que se centren en la articulación de la dimensión biológica, psíquica y social en lo acogimiento.
RESUMO Objetivos: compreender a ação do enfermeiro que realiza acolhimento da pessoa em sofrimento mental em Unidade de Emergência Referenciada em um hospital universitário. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre dezembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016, por meio de entrevistas fenomenológicas com 13 enfermeiros de uma Unidade de Emergência. Resultados: os enfermeiros acolhem de acordo com suas experiências prévias, identificam facilmente queixas biológicas e, quando reconhecem sinais e sintomas psiquiátricos, encaminham ao psiquiatra. Apresentam dúvidas sobre o que fazer, portanto, esperam ser qualificados para tal ação, acreditam que um protocolo poderia ajudar, bem como necessitam de mais tempo. Considerações finais: a compreensão do tipo vivido do enfermeiro que acolhe a pessoa em sofrimento mental possibilitou, neste estudo, o reconhecimento da necessidade de pesquisas e intervenções que foquem na articulação da dimensão biológica, psíquica e social na ação do acolhimento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Professional-Patient Relations , Emergency Medical Services/standards , Mental Disorders/psychology , Nurses/psychology , Qualitative Research , Emergency Medical Services/trends , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Mental Disorders/complications , Nurses/standardsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe risk management implementation in the safety of patients with mental disorders through action research. Method: an action research carried out with a multidisciplinary team from a reference hospital in mental health in Southeast Brazil. Results: three strategies considered as managerial technologies for the mentally ill patient were developed: risk management diagram for patient safety; patient safety protocols; and textual proposal of software for internal management of incident notifications. Final considerations: this action research allowed a collective discussion by the whole multidisciplinary team, enabling strategy drafting for risk management implementation and improvement of care quality in the safety of patients with mental disorders at the study site.
RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la implementación de la gestión de riesgos en la seguridad de los pacientes con trastornos mentales a través de la investigación de acción. Método: investigación de acción realizada con un equipo multidisciplinario de un hospital de referencia en salud mental en el sureste de Brasil. Resultados: se desarrollaron tres estrategias consideradas como tecnologías de gestión para el paciente mentalmente enfermo: diagrama de gestión de riesgos para la seguridad del paciente; protocolos de seguridad del paciente; y propuesta textual de software para la gestión interna de notificaciones de incidencias. Consideraciones finales: la investigación de acción permitió una discusión colectiva por parte de todo el equipo multiprofesional, lo que permitió la elaboración de estrategias para la implementación de la gestión de riesgos y la mejora de la calidad de la atención en la seguridad de los pacientes con trastornos mentales en el lugar de estudio.
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a implantação da gestão de risco para a segurança do paciente com transtorno mental por meio da pesquisa-ação. Método: pesquisa-ação realizada com equipe multidisciplinar de um hospital referência em Saúde Mental na região Sudeste do Brasil. Resultados: foram elaboradas três estratégias consideradas tecnologias gerenciais para o paciente com transtorno mental: diagrama da gestão de risco na segurança do paciente; protocolos de segurança do paciente; e proposta textual de software para gestão interna de notificações de incidentes. Considerações finais: a pesquisa-ação permitiu uma discussão coletiva por toda a equipe multiprofissional, possibilitando a elaboração de estratégias para a implantação da gestão de risco e a melhoria da qualidade da assistência na segurança do paciente com transtorno mental no local do estudo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Management/methods , Patient Safety/standards , Mental Disorders/complications , Risk Management/standards , Risk Management/trends , Brazil , Interviews as Topic/methods , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Qualitative Research , Patient Safety/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
A Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) é uma das disfunções endócrinas mais comuns em mulheres em idade reprodutiva, com uma prevalência que varia entre 6 e 16%, sendo motivo frequente de consulta em um ambulatório de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. Esta revisão enfoca alguns dos principais riscos tardios para a saúde das pacientes com SOP na meia idade e após a menopausa. A busca da literatura foi realizada no Pubmed utilizando-se as seguintes palavras-chave: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; time. Identificou-se 229 artigos relacionando SOP e suas consequências tardias que foram publicados em periódicos indexados no Pubmed entre 1o de janeiro de 2010 e 19 de junho de 2020. Desses, excluiu-se 3 por não estarem em língua inglesa (2 em chinês, 1 em russo), 177 pelo título e pelo abstract, e 27 com base na análise do texto. Os 22 artigos restantes estão contemplados nesta revisão sistematizada. Evidenciam-se complicações metabólicas, cardiovasculares, neoplásicas e psíquicas, bem como uma complexa, e ainda não totalmente elucidada, relação com a obesidade. Apesar das complicações cardiovasculares, não existem evidências de que estas levem a maior mortalidade em pacientes com SOP, tampouco de que a mortalidade por todas as causas seja maior nessas mulheres. (AU)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, with a prevalence of 6-16%. It is also one of the most frequent reasons for encounter at Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics. This review focuses on some of the main late health impacts of PCOS in middle-aged and postmenopausal patients. A literature search with the keywords "polycystic ovary syndrome" and "time" was conducted in PubMed, and 229 articles related to PCOS and late health consequences published between January 1, 2010, and June 19, 2020, were analyzed. Three articles were excluded because they did not meet the language criterion (being written in English), 177 were excluded based on the title and abstract, and 27 were excluded based on the analysis of the text, resulting in the inclusion of 22 articles in this systematized review. Metabolic, cardiovascular, neoplastic, and psychic complications were made evident, as well as a complex, not yet fully elucidated relationship between PCOS and obesity. Despite cardiovascular complications, there is no evidence that they lead to higher mortality in patients with PCOS, or that all- cause mortality is higher in women with the syndrome. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Mental Disorders/complications , Neoplasms/complications , Anxiety/complications , Depression/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Obesity/complicationsABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: El cuerpo extraño rectal (CER) es un problema de difícil manejo para el cirujano general. La vía anal es la puerta de entrada más habitual seguido de la oral. La sospecha clínica es fundamental para el diagnóstico, pudiendo apoyarse de imágenes. El tratamiento es su extracción por vía transanal o por vía anterior. Objetivos: Caracterizar, describir y presentar el tratamiento de los pacientes con CER que consultaron en urgencia del Hospital el Pino (HEP) entre los años 2011 y 2016. Material y Método: Estudio serie de casos. Se realiza revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes con CER en un periodo de 5 años en el Servicio de Urgencia del HEP. Se identificó a los pacientes tratados en box y a aquellos tratados en pabellón. Se caracterizó según variables demográficas, tratamiento, complicaciones y días de hospitalización. Resultados: Se identificaron 18 pacientes, 13 hombres y 5 mujeres de 45 años (± 36-51) y 34 años (± 23-64) respectivamente. En 1 de ellos fue posible extracción manual transanal en box sin anestesia y en 17 se requirió tratamiento en pabellón, donde 12 fue por vía transanal y 5 por abordaje abdominal. En ningún caso se identificó lesión intestinal. Evolución postoperatoria adecuada. Días de hospitalización promedio 1,8 días. Conclusión: Este es un problema infrecuente y de difícil manejo. Existe mayor frecuencia en hombres de edades media siendo la puerta de entrada la vía anal en todos los casos. En la mayoría se requirió extracción en pabellón bajo anestesia siendo el abordaje transanal el más utilizado y con buenos resultados.
Introduction: The rectal forcing body (RFB) is a problem which involves a difficult management for surgeons. Anal via is the most frequent entrance area, followed by the oral via. Clinical suspicion is fundamental for diagnosis and it is possible to support it using imaging. Treatment considers extraction through transanal or frontal via. Aim: To describe and present the treatment of patients with rectal foreing body in the Urgency Service of El Pino Hospital during years 2011 to 2016. Materials and Method: Case studies. Clinical records revision of patients with rectal foreing body in the Urgency Service of El Pino Hospital considering a 5-year period. Patients are identified as those treated in the box and in a surgical pavilion. Patients were classified according to demographic variables, received treatment, associated complications and hospitalization time. Results: 18 patients are identified, 13 men and 5 women, 45 (± 36-51) and 34 (± 23-64) years respectively. It was possible to manually extract via trans-anal at box, in one of these cases; 17 of them required treatment at surgical pavilion, where 12 were via trans-anal and 5 via abdominal. None of these cases had intestinal injury. Post-surgery evolution was adequate. Average hospitalization was 1.8 days. Conclusion: RFB is a non-frequent problem which requires high diagnose suspicious to be able to carry out proper treatments. It is more frequent in middle age men, with transanal input. In most cases, the extraction was done in surgical pavilion and required anesthesia and were done via trans anal with good results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Rectum/injuries , Rectum/diagnostic imaging , Foreign Bodies/complications , Foreign Bodies/therapy , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Chile , Device Removal , Lacerations/etiology , Mental Disorders/complicationsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives: To explore the relationship between severe/serious mental illness (SMI) and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), as the patterns of symptoms and cognitive performance that characterize both disorders share similarities. Methods: We performed a systematic review investigating what has already been published regarding the relationship between bvFTD and SMI. Studies were selected from PubMed and LILACS databases, including those published up to February 12, 2018. The search strategy included the following terms: "frontotemporal dementia" plus "bipolar", OR "frontotemporal dementia" plus "schizophrenia", OR "frontotemporal dementia" plus "schizoaffective". Publications without abstracts, case reports with absent genetic or histopathological confirmation, reviews and non-English language papers were excluded across the search process. Results: The search on PubMed retrieved 186 articles, of which 42 met eligibility criteria. On the LILACS database, none met the requirements. Generally, three major research aims were identified: 1) to look for frontotemporal lobar degeneration-associated genetic abnormalities in patients with prior SMI; 2) to compare the cognitive profile between patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders and schizophrenic patients; 3) to highlight the association between bvFTD and preceding psychiatric conditions and/or distinguish them both. The investigated mutations were found infrequently in the studied SMI samples. Cross-sectional studies comparing cognitive performance between bvFTD and psychiatric disorders mostly found no remarkable differences. There were only a few case reports identifying definite frontotemporal lobar degeneration in patients with previous psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions: The available evidence demonstrates how fragile the current understanding is regarding the association between bvFTD and prior SMI.
RESUMO Objetivos: Explorar a relação entre doença mental grave (DMG) e a variante comportamental da demência frontotemporal (DFTvc), uma vez que os padrões de sintomas e de desempenho cognitivo que caracterizam ambos os transtornos compartilham semelhanças. Métodos: Revisão sistemática investigando estudos publicados sobre a relação entre DFTvc e DMG. Os estudos foram selecionados nas bases de dados PubMed e LILACS, incluindo aqueles publicados até 12 de fevereiro de 2018. A estratégia de busca incluiu os seguintes termos: "demência frontotemporal" e "bipolar", OU "demência frontotemporal" e "esquizofrenia" OU "demência frontotemporal" e "esquizoafetivo". Publicações sem resumos, relatos de casos sem confirmação genética ou histopatológica, revisões e artigos escritos em idiomas que não fossem o inglês não foram selecionados na busca sistemática. Resultados: A pesquisa no PubMed encontrou 186 artigos, dos quais 42 alcançaram critérios de elegibilidade. Na base de dados LILACS, nenhum dos nove artigos identificados atendeu aos requisitos. Foram identificados três objetivos de pesquisa principais: buscar anormalidades genéticas associadas à degeneração lobar frontotemporal (DLFT) em pacientes com SMI prévia; comparar o perfil cognitivo entre pacientes acometidos por doenças neurodegenerativos e esquizofrênicos; destacar a associação entre DFTvc e condições psiquiátricas precedentes e/ou distinguir ambos. As mutações investigadas foram encontradas infrequentemente nas amostras estudadas. Os estudos transversais comparando o desempenho cognitivo entre DFTvc e os transtornos psiquiátricos não encontraram diferença, e houve apenas relatos de casos confirmando de DLFT em pacientes com diagnósticos psiquiátricos prévios. Conclusões: A evidência disponível demonstra quão frágil é o entendimento atual sobre a associação entre DFTvc e DMG.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Frontotemporal Dementia/psychology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Frontotemporal Dementia/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Mental Disorders/complicationsABSTRACT
SUMMARY Surgeons are becoming aware that surgical outcomes are not only based on technical skills. The impact of psychological problems on outcomes must be studied from both the patient's and the health care provider's viewpoint. Psychological problems may affect up to 20% of the population, with almost half of them non-treated. Surgeons have to deal with a significant number of patients with psychological problems, which affect surgical outcomes changing how symptoms, results and side effects are interpreted. Surgeons also face psychological problems at a significant rate. Although there are no studies on the effect of chronic psychological problems of the surgeon on outcomes, in simulated scenarios, acute stress usually leads to worse performance. Some initiatives can be implemented to improve outcomes based on the effect of psychological problems.
RESUMO Os cirurgiões atuais cada vez mais acreditam que o bom resultado das cirurgias não são frutos exclusivos de suas habilidades técnicas. O impacto dos fatores psicológicos nos resultados das cirurgias deve ser estudado do ponto de vista tanto dos pacientes quanto dos profissionais de saúde que os assistem. Os problemas psicológicos afetam mais de 20% da população em geral, sendo que metade destes não recebe qualquer tratamento específico. Assim, os cirurgiões tratam de números cada vez mais significativos de pacientes com problemas psicológicos. Esses problemas psicológicos afetam o resultado, na medida em que alteram a percepção e interpretação dos sintomas, resultados e efeitos colaterais dos procedimentos. Por outro lado, os próprios cirurgiões têm apresentado taxas crescentes de afecções psicológicas. Embora não existam estudos que demonstrem o impacto dos problemas psicológicos crônicos dos cirurgiões na evolução dos pacientes, em cenários simulados, observa-se que o estresse agudo desencadeia um desempenho pior desses profissionais. Concluímos, dessa maneira, que medidas direcionadas à detecção e tratamento dos problemas psicológicos, tanto dos pacientes quanto da equipe de saúde, devam ser implementadas visando melhores resultados cirúrgicos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Patients/psychology , Surgical Procedures, Operative/psychology , Surgeons/psychology , Mental Disorders/complications , Treatment Outcome , Mental Disorders/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Introduction: The presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) becomes more common with advancing age. The literature shows the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean Diet on the mental health of the elderly, but few studies have been conducted in Western countries. In addition, studies conducted in non-Mediterranean regions generally do not take into account the peculiarities of food, which do not always meet all the Mediterranean characteristics. Objective: (i) to describe the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, considering two points of view: including only foods characteristic of the original standard Mediterranean diet and including foods with non-Mediterranean characteristics (ii) to verify the association between the adherence to the two Mediterranean Dietary Patterns (MDP) and CMD in the elderly. Methods: cross-sectional population-based study; Data from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo were used. The presence of CMD was identified through the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20. The MDP was constructed using the Mediterranean Diet Score (calculated from data from two 24-hour dietary recall), considering two points of view: Mediterranean pattern origin-like (MPOL), which included only foods from the original Mediterranean diet; Mediterranean pattern including foods with non-Mediterranean characteristics (MPNM), which included foods submitted to procedures that diverge from the original dietary pattern. The other variables were identified through a previously structured questionnaire. The association between TMC and adherence to MPOL and MPNM was investigated through logistic regression models. The covariates for the adjustment were selected for biological plausibility. A significance level of 5% (p <0.05) was considered for final statistical tests. All data analyses were performed using Stata software (version 14). To accomplish the objectives of the present research, two manuscripts were elaborated. The aims of the 1st manuscript were: (i) describe the degree of adherence to this dietary pattern by elders from São Paulo-SP-Brazil; (ii) to identify modifications made in the form of intake of the different components of the original MDP, investigating associations with demographic and socioeconomic variables. The aims of the 2nd manuscript were: (i) To evaluate the association between the adherence to the MDP with the presence of mental disorders in these elders; (ii) To investigate these associations taking into account the two different points of view of MDP. Results: The 1st manuscript showed a moderate adherence to the two views of MDP. The greater adherence to the two proposed dietary patterns was characterized by higher intakes of vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals, legumes and greater proportion between monounsaturated and saturated lipids and, as well as lower consumption of meat and dairy products. MPOL and MPNM were associated with formal education and age, respectively. From the 2nd manuscript, we identified that moderate and high adherence to MPOL, compared to low adherence, was associated with a lower prevalence of CMD, after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, number of chronic diseases, per capita household income, physical activity and smoking status. The presence of CMD was not associated with MPNM adherence. Additionally, the presence of CMD was different between gender, physical activity and number of referred chronic diseases. Main conclusions (from the two manuscripts): the protective effect of MDP on CMD in elderly was observed only when the particularities of this diet were fulfilled. Other factors, associated to lifestyle, showed to be important to improve the associations with CMD. The results support the importance of programs that encourage the maintenance of healthy eating habits among the elderly
Introdução: A presença de Transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) torna-se mais frequente com o avançar da idade. A literatura evidencia os efeitos benéficos da Dieta mediterrânea sobre a saúde mental do idoso, porém poucos estudos foram realizados em países ocidentais. Ademais, os estudos realizados em regiões não mediterrâneas geralmente não levam em consideração as peculiaridades dos alimentos, que nem sempre atendem a todas as características mediterrâneas. Objetivos: (i) descrever a adesão ao padrão da dieta mediterrânea considerando dois pontos de vista: incluindo apenas alimentos característicos do original padrão da dieta mediterrânea e incluindo alimentos com características não mediterrâneas (ii) verificar a associação entre a adesão aos dois padrões da dieta mediterrânea (PDM) construídos e TMC em idosos. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional; foram utilizados dados do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo 2015 (ISA-Capital). A presença de TMC foi identificada através do Self Reporting Questionnaire-20. O PDM foi construído através do Escore da dieta mediterrânea (calculado com base em dois recordatórios alimentares de 24h), considerando dois pontos de vista: Padrão mediterrâneo similar ao original (PMSO) - com a inclusão de apenas alimentos originais da dieta mediterrânea; Padrão mediterrâneo com características não mediterrâneas (PMNM) - com a inclusão de alimentos que foram submetidos a procedimentos que divergem do padrão mediterrâneo original. As demais variáveis foram identificadas por meio de um questionário previamente estruturado. A associação entre TMC e a adesão ao PMSO e PMNM foi investigada por meio de modelos de regressão logística. As covariáveis para o ajuste foram selecionadas por plausibilidade biológica. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05) para os testes estatísticos finais. Todas as análises de dados foram realizadas utilizando o software Stata (versão 14). Para atender os objetivos da presente pesquisa, foram elaborados dois manuscritos. O manuscrito 1 teve como objetivos (i) descrever o grau de adesão ao PMD por idosos de São Paulo-SP-Brasil; (ii) construir dois pontos de vista do PMD, de acordo com as modificações frequentes na forma de ingestão dos diferentes componentes desse padrão dietético, investigando associações com variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. O manuscrito 2 teve como objetivos: (i) avaliar a associação entre a aderência ao PMD e transtornos mentais comuns nesses idosos; (ii) investigar essas associações levando em consideração as duas visões construídas para esse padrão. Resultados: No manuscrito 1 foi encontrada uma adesão moderada pelos idosos às duas visões do PMD. A maior adesão a ambas as visões do PMD foi caracterizada pela ingestão mais elevada de vegetais, frutas, oleaginosas, cereais, leguminosas e maior proporção de lipídios monoinsaturados e saturados, além de um menor consumo de carne e laticínios. O PMSO e o PMNM apresentaram associação com escolaridade e idade, respectivamente. No Manuscrito 2, identificou-se que as adesões moderada e alta ao PMSO, em comparação a uma baixa adesão, foram associadas a uma menor prevalência de TMC, após ajuste para sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal, número de doenças crônicas, renda domiciliar per capita, atividade física e tabagismo. Por sua vez, a presença de TMC não mostrou associação significativa com nenhum grau de adesão ao PMNM. Adicionalmente, a presença de TMC foi significativamente diferente entre os gêneros, a atividade física e o número de doenças crônicas referidas. Conclusões principais (a partir de ambos os manuscritos): o efeito protetor de uma maior adesão ao PDM sobre os TMC em idosos foi observado apenas quando as particularidades originais desse padrão foram atendidas. Outros fatores, associados ao estilo de vida, mostraram-se importantes para melhorar as associações com TMC. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a importância de programas que incentivem a manutenção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis entre idosos
Subject(s)
Aged/statistics & numerical data , Diet, Mediterranean/adverse effects , Mental Disorders/complications , Diet Surveys/classification , Feeding BehaviorABSTRACT
Las dermatosis autoinfligidas representan un motivo habitual de consulta, así como un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico. Se caracterizan por la autoprovocación de lesiones cutáneas de manera consciente o inconsciente en el contexto de trastornos psiquiátricos complejos. Comunicamos el caso de una paciente que consultó al Servicio de Dermatología por úlceras irregulares y sobreinfectadas localizadas en rostro, de 2 meses de evolución. El caso representó una dificultad diagnóstica ya que solo a partir del interrogatorio exhaustivo y los exámenes complementarios, que descartaron otras patologías, se arribó al diagnóstico de úlceras autoprovocadas en contexto de patología psiquiátrica que requirió manejo interdisciplinario. (AU)
Self-inflicted dermatoses are a frequent cause for consultation and represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. They are characterized by the conscious or unconscious self-generation of cutaneous lesions in the context of complex psychiatric disorders. We report the case of a patient who consulted at the dermatology department with two months history of irregular and superinfected ulcers located on the face. This case represented a diagnostic difficulty since only from an exhaustive interrogation and complementary examinations, which ruled out other pathologies, we arrived at the diagnosis of self-inflicted ulcers in the context of psychiatric pathology that required interdisciplinary management. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Ulcer/psychology , Mental Disorders/complications , Signs and Symptoms , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/etiology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Skin Diseases/psychology , Skin Diseases/therapy , Skin Ulcer/pathology , Skin Ulcer/therapy , Facial Injuries/pathology , Facial Injuries/therapy , Degloving Injuries/etiology , Degloving Injuries/therapyABSTRACT
La Enfermedad de Parkinson se inicia generalmente en las personas entre los 50 y 60 años, La mayoría de los pacientes de Parkinson se encuentran en situación de doble vulnerabilidad: vejez y discapacidad. El objetivo del tratamiento es reducir la velocidad de progresión de la enfermedad, controlar los síntomas y los efectos secundarios derivados de los fármacos que se usan para tratarla. La presentación de las alteraciones psiquiátricas se caracteriza por episodios de alucinaciones, trastornos confusionales, trastornos del control de los impulsos, hipersexualidad o Parasomnias, siendo de presentación habitualmente vespertina. Estos pueden evolucionar llegando a cuadros de psicosis, estados confusionales crónicos, ideas delirantes en forma permanente, con alto contenido paranoide, existiendo un gran riesgo de intentos suicidas.
Parkinson's disease usually begins in people between the ages of 50 and 60. Most Parkinson's patients are in a situation of double vulnerability: old age and disability. The goal of treatment is to reduce the rate of progression of the disease, control of the symptoms and side effects derived from the drugs used to treat it. The presentation of the psychiatric alterations is characterized by episodes of hallucinations, confusional disorders, disorders of the control of the impulses, hypersexuality or Parasomnias, being usually of evening presentation. These can evolve into psychosis, chronic confusional states, persistent delusional ideas, with high paranoid content, and there is a high risk of suicide attempts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parkinson Disease/complications , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/drug therapy , Psychotic Disorders/complications , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Suicide, Attempted , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Medical History Taking , Mental Disorders/classificationABSTRACT
Objective: There have been significant reductions in numbers of psychiatric beds and length of stay (LOS) worldwide, making LOS in psychiatric beds an interesting outcome. The objective of this study was to find factors measurable on admission that would predict LOS in the acute psychiatric setting. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study. Results: Overall, 385 subjects were included. The median LOS was 25 days. In the final model, six variables explained 14.6% of the variation in LOS: not having own income, psychiatric admissions in the preceding 2 years, high Clinical Global Impression and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores, diagnosis of schizophrenia, and history of attempted suicide. All variables were associated with longer LOS, apart from history of attempted suicide. Conclusions: Identifying patients who will need to stay longer in psychiatric beds remains a challenge. Improving knowledge about determinants of LOS could lead to improvements in the quality of care in hospital psychiatry.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/complications , Socioeconomic Factors , Suicide, Attempted , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Prospective Studies , Hospitals, General , Mental Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Summary Objective: The most important determinant of suicide ideation, tendency and initiative is the presence of mental disorders. Since the number of those who lost their lives due to suicide in the world rose rapidly among the young population, the World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of assessing young people in the high-risk age group to prevent suicidal behavior. This study aimed to determine psychological symptom levels and suicide probability in young people. Method: The cross-sectional research consisted of 15-24 year-old individuals (N=348), who have sought a psychiatric clinic between February and June, 2015. The Research Data was collected by applying Data Collection Form, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). SPSS 22.0 statistical package program was used for data analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the mean SPS scores according to education, psychiatric treatment, self-harm, smoking and drinking status of the participants in the study. Apart from this, there was also a statistically significant correlation between anxiety, depression, negative self and hostility according to the SPS and BSI subscales (p<0.001, r=0.739; p<0.001, r=0.729; p<0.001, r=0.747; p<0.001, r=0.715; respectively). Conclusion: The results of our study show that suicide risk is significantly higher in young people with depression, anxiety, negative self-perception and hostility symptoms. In this regard, we suggest the relevance of assessing the suicide risk of young people seeking a psychiatric clinic, with thorough attention to those who have high potential for suicide.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/complications , Socioeconomic Factors , Suicide/psychology , Suicide/trends , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/trends , Brazil , Mental Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mental Disorders/classificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide, and its neuropsychiatric sequelae are frequent and disabling. Furthermore, there is evidence that these sequelae impair recovery. Brazil has the highest stroke rates in Latin America, but data on the frequency of neuropsychiatric disorders in these patients are scarce. This study aimed to identify mental disorders among in-hospital patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus) was applied to 60 patients during the first week of hospitalization. RESULTS: Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 55% of the patients. A wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders have been identified, mainly mood and anxiety disorders. Specifically, we identified major depression (26.7%), alcohol abuse or dependence (11.7%), specific phobia (8.3%), generalized anxiety disorder (6.7%), psychosis (5.0%), social phobia (3.3%), adjustment disorder (3.3%) and panic disorder (1.7%). CONCLUSION: Psychiatric comorbidity should be evaluated as part of the rehabilitation of stroke patients and should be carefully examined by physicians.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Stroke/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/complications , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Morbidity , Stroke/complications , Depressive Disorder/complications , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Interview, Psychological , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Disorders/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how nurses of mental health care for psychiatric patients with clinical comorbidities. Method: qualitative study based on the referential of historical and dialectical materialism. Interviews with nurses were conducted using semi-structured script. Sample determined in snowball. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in full. The data were analyzed through content analysis, including: organization and exhaustive reading of the material, exploration, grouping data into thematic units, processing of results, and interpretation. Results: the role of nurses is marked by the dialectic between knowing and not knowing, a movement that revealed two categories: clinic of psychiatric nursing, and alienation and subordination of nurse in the care process. Final considerations: the development of the nursing clinic, based on the therapeutic relationship, favors integral care towards the patient, whereas alienation/subordination distances the nurse from care and impairs care.
RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer cómo los enfermeros de salud mental cuidan a pacientes psiquiátricos con comorbilidades clínicas. Método: estudio cualitativo basado en el referencial del materialismo histórico y dialéctico. Se realizaron entrevistas a enfermeros mediante guión semiestructurado. Muestreo determinado de bola de nieve. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas e íntegramente transcriptas. Los datos fueron analizados por medio del análisis de contenido, contemplando: organización y lectura exhaustiva del material, exploración, agrupamiento de los datos en unidades temáticas, tratamiento de los resultados e interpretación. Resultados: la actuación de los enfermeros está marcada por la dialéctica entre saber y no saber, movimiento que reveló dos categorías: clínica de la enfermería psiquiátrica y alienación y subordinación del enfermero en el proceso de cuidar. Consideraciones finales: el desarrollo de la clínica de la enfermería pautada en la relación terapéutica favorece el cuidado integral al paciente, mientras la alienación/subordinación aleja al enfermero del cuidado y perjudica la asistencia.
RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer como os enfermeiros de saúde mental cuidam de pacientes psiquiátricos com comorbidades clínicas. Método: Estudo qualitativo embasado no referencial do materialismo histórico e dialético. Foram realizadas entrevistas com enfermeiros utilizando roteiro semiestruturado; amostra determinada em bola de neve. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, contemplando: organização e leitura exaustiva do material, exploração, agrupamento dos dados em unidades temáticas, tratamento dos resultados e interpretação. Resultados: A atuação dos enfermeiros é marcada pela dialética entre saber e não-saber, movimento que revelou duas categorias: clínica da enfermagem psiquiátrica; e alienação e subordinação do enfermeiro no processo de cuidar. Considerações finais: O desenvolvimento da clínica da enfermagem, pautada na relação terapêutica, favorece o cuidado integral ao paciente, enquanto a alienação/subordinação afasta o enfermeiro do cuidado e gera prejuízos na assistência.