Liposarcoma gigante mediastinal. Cirugía radical con abordaje Clamshell y manejo en la Unidad de Cuidados Críticos / Giant Mediastinal Liposarcoma. Radical Surgery with Clamshell Approach and Management in Critical Care Unit

Se presenta a un paciente con liposarcoma mediastinal gigante con dolor torácico, disnea, cuyos estudios por imágenes revelaban la presencia de una gran tumoración de 42 cm en su diámetro mayor que abarcaba todo el mediastino, comprometía ambas cavidades torácicas, rechazaba los pulmones, corazón y grandes vasos. La biopsia con aguja cortante bajo guía ecográfica fue informada como liposarcoma. El paciente tuvo resección completa del tumor mediante la incisión Clamshell. En el post operatorio inmediato, presentó shock circulatorio más disfunción multiorgánica (DOMS): plaquetopenia, insuficiencia renal aguda con necesidad de soporte dialítico, injuria hepática. El soporte y monitoreo especializado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) permitió mejoría clínica y buena evolución. Salió de alta en buenas condiciones.

We present a patient with giant mediastinal liposarcoma with chest pain, dyspnea, whose imaging studies revealed the presence of a large tumor measuring 42 cm in its greatest diameter that covered the entire mediastinum, involved both thoracic cavities, rejected the lungs, heart and big glasses. The sharp needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance was reported as liposarcoma. The patient had complete resection of the tumor through the Clamshell incision. In the immediate postoperative period, he presented circulatory shock plus multiple organ dysfunction (DOMS): plateletopenia, acute renal failure with the need for dialytic support, liver injury. Specialized support and monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) allowed clinical improvement and good evolution. He was discharged in good condition.

Development, Histological, and Ultrastructural Evaluation of Sheep Hyperimmune Serum Therapy for COVID-19 / Desarrollo, Evaluación Histológica y Ultraestructural de la Terapia con Suero Hiperinmune de Oveja para COVID-19

SUMMARY: In response to the threat posed by new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the urgent need for effective treatments in the absence of vaccines, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid and cost-effective hyperimmune serum (HS) derived from sheep and assess its efficacy. The utilization of a halal-certified, easily maintained in certain geographic regions, easy-to-handle animal such as sheep could provide a viable alternative to the expensive option of horses. Sheep were immunized with a whole inactivated SARS-CoV- 2 antigen to produce HS, which was evaluated for neutralizing potency using the PRNT50 assay. K18-hACE2 transgenic mice (n=35) were divided into three groups: control, SARS-CoV-2 exposure through inhalation, and SARS-CoV-2 exposed mice treated with HS. HS efficacy was assessed through serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, qRT-PCR analysis, histopathological examination of lungs and hearts, and transmission electron microscopy. Purified HS exhibited significant neutralizing activity (1/24,576). The SARS-CoV-2+HS group showed lower levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 (P<0.01) and relatively lower levels of MCP-1 compared to the SARS-CoV-2 group. HS prevented death, reduced viral RNA levels in the lungs and hearts, protected against severe interstitial pneumonia, preserved lung tissue integrity, and prevented myocyte damage, while the SARS-CoV-2 group exhibited viral presence in the lungs. This study successfully developed a sheep-derived HS against the entire SARS-CoV-2 virus, resulting in a significant reduction in infection severity, inflammation, and systemic cytokine production. The findings hold promise for treating severe COVID-19 cases, including emerging viral variants, and immunocompromised patients.

En respuesta a la amenaza que suponen las nuevas variantes del SARS-CoV-2 y la urgente necesidad de tratamientos eficaces en ausencia de vacunas, el objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un suero hiperinmune (HS) rápido y rentable derivado de ovejas. y evaluar su eficacia. La utilización de un animal con certificación halal, de fácil mantenimiento en determinadas regiones geográficas y de fácil manejo, como las ovejas, podría proporcionar una alternativa viable a la costosa opción de los caballos. Las ovejas fueron inmunizadas con un antígeno de SARS-CoV-2 completamente inactivado para producir HS, cuya potencia neutralizante se evaluó mediante el ensayo PRNT50. Los ratones transgénicos K18-hACE2 (n = 35) se dividieron en tres grupos: control, exposición al SARS-CoV-2 mediante inhalación y ratones expuestos al SARS-CoV-2 tratados con HS. La eficacia de HS se evaluó mediante niveles de citoquinas proinflamatorias en suero, análisis qRT-PCR, examen histopatológico de pulmones y corazones y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. El HS purificado exhibió una actividad neutralizante significativa (1/24,576). El grupo SARS-CoV-2+HS mostró niveles más bajos de TNF-α, IL-10 e IL-6 (P<0,01) y niveles relativamente más bajos de MCP-1 en comparación con el grupo SARS-CoV-2. HS evitó la muerte, redujo los niveles de ARN viral en los pulmones y el corazón, protegió contra la neumonía intersticial grave, preservó la integridad del tejido pulmonar y evitó el daño de los miocitos, mientras que el grupo SARS-CoV-2 exhibió presencia viral en los pulmones. Este estudio desarrolló con éxito un HS derivado de ovejas contra todo el virus SARS-CoV-2, lo que resultó en una reducción significativa de la gravedad de la infección, la inflamación y la producción sistémica de citocinas. Los hallazgos son prometedores para el tratamiento de casos graves de COVID- 19, incluidas las variantes virales emergentes y los pacientes inmunocomprometidos.

Hígado graso agudo del embarazo en una adulta joven / Acute fatty liver of pregnancy in a young adult woman i: en

Se presenta el caso clínico de una gestante de 20 años de edad, quien acudió al Cuerpo de Guardia del bloque materno del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba por presentar decaimiento, náuseas y malestar general. Durante la exploración física se encontró piel sudorosa y fría, taquicardia e ictericia. Se realizaron diversos exámenes complementarios y se constató alteración hepática, así como cifras bajas de glucemia. Se diagnosticó hígado graso agudo del embarazo. Luego de varios días de hospitalizada con una evolución desfavorable, hasta llegar al estado crítico, la paciente falleció por síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica.

The case report of a 20 years pregnant woman is presented, who went to the maternal block emergency room of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba due to run-down, nausea and diffuse discomfort. During the physical exploration sweaty and cold skin, tachycardia and jaundice were found. Diverse complementary exams were carried out and a hepatic disorder was verified, as well as low figures of glycemia. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy was diagnosed. After several days hospitalized with an unfavorable clinical course until getting to the critical state, the patient died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple progresiva en embarazo adolescente: reporte de caso clínico / Progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in adolescent pregnancy: case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: El embarazo adolescente es un proceso fisiológico, pero puede evolucionar con parto prematuro, patologías obstétricas o médicas graves, mortalidad o secuelas para madre e hijo/a. Nuestro objetivo es reportar el síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple progresiva secundario a pielonefritis y sepsis ocurrido durante el preparto, parto y puerperio de embarazo adolescente y sus secuelas. CASO CLÍNIO: Adolescente de 14 años, con embarazo de 27 semanas de gestación controlado desde las 8 hasta 25 semanas. Ingresó de urgencia en unidad de alto riesgo obstétrico por signos de parto prematuro, pielonefritis e injuria renal aguda. Se inició tratamiento con cefazolina intravenosa y betametasona para maduración pulmonar, nifedipino oral y sulfato de magnesio para prevención del parto prematuro y protección neuronal fetal, evolucionando con hipotensión sostenida y shock séptico. A las 13 horas después del ingreso, fue trasladada a unidad de paciente crítico donde evolucionó con falla orgánica múltiple persistente y progresiva durante 28 días, afectando sucesivamente los sistemas cardiovascular, hematológico, respiratorio y gastrointestinal. Se trató con drogas vasoactivas, antibióticos, ventilación mecánica invasiva, ultrafiltración, hemodiálisis, drenaje pleural y colecistectomía. A las 24 horas de ingreso a cuidado intensivo, ocurrió el parto prematuro vaginal. La embarazada desarrolló enfermedad renal crónica etapa KDIGO 5 ( V) y se encuentra en espera de trasplante renal. Por su parte, la recién nacida prematura viva presentó asfixia neonatal severa, displasia broncopulmonar y encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica. CONCLUSIONES: El embarazo adolescente complicado es una emergencia sanitaria. El diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de la pielonefritis, shock séptico y disfunción orgánica asociada a la sepsis pueden evitar mortalidad y secuelas permanentes materna y/o neonatal.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescent pregnancy is a physiological process, but it can evolve with premature delivery, severe obstetric or clinical pathologies, mortality, or sequelae for mother and child. We aim to report the progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome secondary to pyelonephritis and sepsis during prepartum, delivery, and puerperium of adolescent pregnancy and its sequelae. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old adolescent with a pregnancy of 27 weeks of gestation controlled from 8 to 25 weeks. She was urgently admitted to the high-risk obstetric unit due to signs of preterm labor, pyelonephritis, and acute renal injury. Treatment was started with intravenous cefazolin and betamethasone for lung maturation, oral nifedipine, and magnesium sulfate to prevent preterm labor and fetal neuronal protection, evolving with sustained hypotension and septic shock. At 13 hours after admission, she was transferred to the intensive care unit, where she evolved with persistent and progressive multiple organ failure for 28 days, progressively affecting the cardiovascular, hematologic, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems. She was treated with vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, invasive mechanical ventilation, ultrafiltration, hemodialysis, pleural drainage, and cholecystectomy. Twenty-four hours after admission to intensive care, preterm vaginal delivery occurred. She developed chronic kidney disease stage KDIGO 5 (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes V) and is awaiting renal transplantation. On the other hand, the preterm newborn presented severe neonatal asphyxia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Complicated adolescent pregnancy is a health emergency. Avoiding delays in the diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis, septic shock and the progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome can prevent mortality and permanent sequelae, both maternal and neonatal.

Mortalidad de la sepsis en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Mortality from sepsis in intensive care unit

INTRODUCCIÓN. La sepsis es un estado de disfunción multisistémica, que se produce por una respuesta desregulada del huésped a la infección. Diversos factores influyen en la gravedad, manifestaciones clínicas y progresión de la sepsis, tales como, heterogeneidad inmunológica y regulación dinámica de las vías de señalización celular. La evolución de los pacientes depende del tratamiento oportuno, las escalas de puntuación clínica permiten saber la mortalidad estimada. OBJETIVO. Evaluar la mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos; establecer el manejo y la utilidad de aplicar paquetes de medidas o "bundlers" para evitar la progresión a disfunción, fallo multiorgánico y muerte. METODOLOGÍA. Modalidad de investigación tipo revisión sistemática. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos como Google académico, Mendeley, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, revistas como New England Journal Medicine, Critical Care, Journal of the American Medical Association, British Medical Journal. Se obtuvo las guías "Sobreviviendo a la sepsis" actualización 2021, 3 guías internacionales, 10 estudios observacionales, 2 estudios multicéntricos, 5 ensayos aleatorizados, 6 revisiones sistémicas, 5 metaanálisis, 1 reporte de caso clínico, 4 artículos con opiniones de expertos y actualizaciones con el tema mortalidad de la sepsis en UCI con un total de 36 artículos científicos. RESULTADOS. La mortalidad de la sepsis en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, fue menor en el hospital oncológico de Guayaquil, seguido de Australia, Alemania, Quito, Francia, Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y Vietnan, La mortalidad más alta se observa en pacientes con enfermedades del tejido conectivo. DISCUSIÓN. La aplicación de los paquetes de medidas o "bundlers" en la sepsis, se asocia con una mejor supervivencia y menores días de estancia hospitalaria. CONCLUSIÓN. Las escalas SOFA, APACHE II y SAPS II ayudan a predecir la mortalidad de forma eficiente, en la detección y el tratamiento temprano en pacientes con enfermedades agudas y de alto riesgo.

INTRODUCTION. Sepsis is a state of multisystem dysfunction, which is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Several factors influence the severity, clinical manifestations and progression of sepsis, such as immunological heterogeneity and dynamic regulation of cell signaling pathways. The evolution of patients depends on timely treatment, clinical scoring scales allow to know the estimated mortality. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate mortality in the intensive care unit; to establish the management and usefulness of applying bundlers to prevent progression to dysfunction, multiorgan failure and death. METHODOLOGY. Systematic review type research modality. A bibliographic search was carried out in databases such as Google Scholar, Mendeley, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, journals such as New England Journal Medicine, Critical Care, Journal of the American Medical Association, British Medical Journal. We obtained the guidelines "Surviving Sepsis" update 2021, 3 international guidelines, 10 observational studies, 2 multicenter studies, 5 randomized trials, 6 systemic reviews, 5 meta-analyses, 1 clinical case report, 4 articles with expert opinions and updates on the subject of sepsis mortality in ICU with a total of 36 scientific articles. RESULTS. The mortality of sepsis in the intensive care unit, was lower in the oncological hospital of Guayaquil, followed by Australia, Germany, Quito, France, United States of America and Vietnam, The highest mortality is observed in patients with connective tissue diseases. DISCUSSION. The application of bundlers in sepsis is associated with better survival and shorter days of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS. The SOFA, APACHE II and SAPS II scales help to predict mortality efficiently in the early detection and treatment of patients with acute and high-risk disease.

Hipertiroidismo y falla cardíaca una asociación silente / A Silent Association Hyperthyroidism and Heart Failure

Los trastornos tiroideos se han ligado a manifestaciones multiorgánicas y/o sistemáticas; sin embargo, es importante conocer el rol de las alteraciones tiroideas en el tejido miocárdico, puesto que se conoce su implicación directa en el funcionamiento del mismo y sus alteraciones conllevan efectos deletéreos en el tejido miocárdico a nivel intracelular. Es necesario reconocer la función de la triyodotironina (T3) que actúa a nivel de los receptores nucleares los cuales, se unen a elementos sensibles de las tiroides en el promotor de genes diana. Además la función de la triyodotironina (T3) influye en genes claves específicos de miocitos, que regulados bajo este mecanismo, se pueden generar a nivel cardíaco, aumento de la contractilidad cardíaca, alto gasto cardíaco, hipertensión sistólica con presión de pulso amplia...(AU)

Comparison between selective head cooling and whole-body cooling in neonatal therapeutic hypothermia / Comparação entre resfriamento seletivo da cabeça e resfriamento de corpo inteiro na hipotermia terapêutica neonatal

INTRODUCTION: Experimental evidence, as well as improved clinical studies of the reduction of brain injury and, improves the neurological outcome, in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurring in therapeutic hypothermia (TH). OBJECTIVE: To verify the potential of hypothermic hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) therapy in neonatal asphyxia, based on literature data, comparing the benefits between selective head cooling (SHC) and whole-body cooling (WBC), see that the use of TH as a standard treatment in newborns with moderate or severe HIE has been adopted. METHODS: A search was performed in the PubMed and SciELO databases of human studies, using the keywords "Therapeutic Hypothermia", "Induced Hypothermia", and "Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy", "Selective cooling of the head", "Total body cooling" and its variables. RESULTS: Eleven articles were selected to compose the review, after detailed reading. There is a consensus, that the reduction of the risk of death or disability at 18 months of life in neonates with moderate to severe HIE, occurs to TH through the techniques of WBC or SHC. It was found in the studies that there is no difference in terms of adverse effects between the two methods. As for radiological changes, such as hypoxic-ischemic injuries and the incidence of seizures after cooling, they are more frequent with SHC. CONCLUSION: Both WBC and SHC demonstrated neuroprotective properties, although WBC provides a broader area of brain protection. However, no significant differences were found between the methods in terms of adverse effects and beneficial short or long-term results.

INTRODUÇÃO: Evidências experimentais, assim como estudos clínicos, sugerem a redução da lesão cerebral e melhora do desfecho neurológico, em recém-nascidos com encefalopatia isquêmica hipóxica (EHI) submetidos à hipotermia terapêutica (HT). OBJETIVO: Verificar a potencialidade da terapia hipotérmica de encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica (EHI) na asfixia neonatal, com base em dados da literatura, comparando os benefícios entre o resfriamento seletivo da cabeça (RSC) e o resfriamento de corpo inteiro (RCI), visto que o uso de hipotermia terapêutica (HT) como tratamento padrão em recém-nascidos com EHI moderada ou grave tem sido amplamente adotada. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO de estudos em humanos, utilizando-se as palavras-chave "Therapeutic Hypothermia", "Induced Hypothermia", "Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy", "selective head cooling", "whole body cooling" e suas respectivas variáveis. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 11 artigos para compor a revisão, após leitura detalhada. É consenso, a redução do risco de morte ou incapacidade aos 18 meses de vida nos neonatos com EHI moderado a grave, submetidos à HT através das técnicas de RCI ou RSC. Constatou-se diante dos estudos que não há diferença em termos de efeitos adversos entre os dois métodos. Quanto às alterações radiológicas, as lesões hipóxico-isquêmicas e incidência de convulsões após o resfriamento são mais frequentes com o RSC. CONCLUSÃO: Tanto RCI quanto o RSC demonstraram propriedades neuroprotetoras, embora o RCI proporcione uma área de proteção cerebral mais ampla. No entanto, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os métodos quanto a efeitos adversos e a resultados benéficos em curto e longo prazo.

¿El gradiente radial-femoral es un factor de riesgo significativo de disfunción orgánica en pacientes bajo cirugía cardíaca compleja? Estudio observacional / Is radial-femoral gradient a significant risk factor of organic dysfunction in patients undergoing complex cardiac surgery? An observational study

BACKGROUND: A high radial-femoral gradient has been described in complex cardiac surgery patients, but its association with organ dysfunction has not been studied well. The principal objective of this study was to analyze whether a high gradient is a significant risk factor for organ dysfunction. METHODS: Observational and prospective study. We measured the radial-femoral gradient at sternal closure. The sample was divided in 2 groups: Significant gradient (SG) and Without gradient (WG). We use non-parametric analysis. RESULTS: We analyzed data corresponding to 15 patients. The incidence of SG was 73% (11 patients). The anesthetic time was 540 min in SG group vs 438 min in WG, p = 0.04. We found a positive correlation with lactate and SG group, r2 0.8, p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: The radial-femoral gradient had a high incidence in this high risk population undergoing cardiac complex surgery. There was a positive correlation between significant gradient and lactate, which suggest that a high gradient probably is an indicator of hypoperfusion. We suggest monitoring patients with two artery lines in complex cardiac surgery for early detection of hypoperfusion.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El gradiente radial-femoral elevado ha sido descrito en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca compleja, su asociación con disfunción de órganos no ha sido bien estudiada. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar si un gradiente alto es un factor de riesgo significativo de disfunción de órganos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, prospectivo. Medimos el gradiente radial-femoral al cierre esternal. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos: gradiente significativo (SG) y sin gradiente (WG). Usamos análisis no paramétrico. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron datos correspondientes a 15 pacientes. La incidencia de SG fue del 73% (11 pacientes). El tiempo anestésico fue de 540 min en el grupo SG vs 438 min en el WG, p = 0,04. Se encontró correlación positiva con el grupo lactato y el SG, r2 0,8, p = 0,001. CONCLUSIONES: El gradiente radialfemoral tuvo una alta incidencia en esta población de pacientes bajo cirugía compleja cardíaca. Encontramos una correlación positiva entre el gradiente significativo y el lactato, lo que sugiere que un gradiente alto probablemente es un indicador de hipoperfusión. Sugerimos monitorizar a los pacientes con dos líneas arteriales en cirugía cardíaca compleja para la detección temprana de hipoperfusión.

Comprehensive Treatment and Functional Rehabilitation After Pelvic Fracture in the Elderly With Multiple Organ Failure:Report of One Case / 中国医学科学院学报

We reported the comprehensive treatment of an elderly critically ill patient with pelvic fracture.The functions and quality of life of the patient were recovered after collaborative nursing by both family and hospital according to the general practice principle of both mental and physical rehabilitation.We summarized the diagnosis and treatment strategies of this case,aiming to provide reference for the clinical treatment of such cases.

Predictive effect of combined procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and antithrombin III on the severity and prognosis of patients with sepsis / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation of procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and antithrombin III (AT III) with the severity of sepsis, and to compare the predictive value of the above indicators alone or in combination.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Eighty-five patients with sepsis admitted to the department of intensive care medicine of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from April 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled. General information, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score within 24 hours of admission, inflammatory indicators [PCT, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and coagulation indicators (D-dimer and AT III) levels at admission, and 28-day prognosis were collected. The differences of the above indicators were compared among patients with different prognosis at 28 days and different severity of sepsis. The correlation between PCT, IL-6, AT III and the severity of sepsis was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation method. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of PCT, IL-6 and AT III alone or in combination on the 28-day death of patients with sepsis.@*RESULTS@#Eighty-five patients were enrolled finally, 67 cases survived and 18 cases died at 28 days. The mortality was 21.2%. There were no statistical significant differences in gender, age and other general data between the two groups. The patients in the death group were more serious than those in the survival group, and PCT, IL-6, and CRP levels were significantly higher than those in the survival group [PCT (μg/L): 4.34 (1.99, 14.42) vs. 1.17 (0.31, 3.94), IL-6 (ng/L): 332.40 (50.08, 590.18) vs. 61.95 (31.64, 194.20), CRP (mg/L): 149.28 (75.34, 218.60) vs. 83.23 (48.22, 174.96), all P < 0.05], and AT III activity was significantly lower than that in the survival group [(53.67±28.57)% vs. (80.96±24.18)%, P < 0.01]. However, there were no significant differences in D-dimer, NLR and SAA between the two groups. Among the 85 patients, 36 had sepsis with single organ dysfunction, 29 had sepsis with multiple organ dysfunction, and 20 had septic shock with multiple organ dysfunction. With the increase of the severity of sepsis, PCT and IL-6 levels gradually increased [PCT (μg/L): 0.36 (0.19, 1.10), 3.00 (1.22, 9.94), 4.34 (2.18, 8.86); IL-6 (ng/L): 43.99 (20.73, 111.13), 100.00 (45.37, 273.00), 332.40 (124.4, 693.65)], and the activity of AT III decreased gradually [(89.81±21.42)%, (71.97±24.88)%, and (53.50±25.41)%], all with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that PCT and IL-6 levels in sepsis patients were significantly positively correlated with the severity of the disease (r values were 0.562 and 0.517, respectively, both P < 0.01), and AT III activity was significantly negatively correlated with the severity of the disease (r = -0.523, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that PCT, IL-6, and AT III alone or in combination had some predictive value for the death of sepsis patients at 28 days. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the above three indicators in combination was higher than that of the individual tests (0.818 vs. 0.722, 0.725, and 0.770), with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 73.1%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#PCT, IL-6, and AT III were significantly correlated with the severity of sepsis patients. The combined assay of the above three indicators can effectively improve the prediction of the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis and risk factors for recurrence in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis (PB) in children and investigate the the risk factors for recurrence of PB.@*METHODS@#This was a retrospective analysis of medical data of children with PB who were hospitalized in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2022. The children were divided into a single occurrence of PB group and a recurrent PB group and the risk factors for recurrence of PB were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 107 children with PB were included, including 61 males (57.0%) and 46 females (43.0%), with a median age of 5.0 years, and 78 cases (72.9%) were over 3 years old. All the children had cough, 96 children (89.7%) had fever, with high fever in 90 children. Seventy-three children (68.2%) had shortness of breath, and 64 children (59.8%) had respiratory failure. Sixty-six children (61.7%) had atelectasis and 52 children (48.6%) had pleural effusion. Forty-seven children (43.9%) had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, 28 children (26.2%) had adenovirus infection, and 17 children (15.9%) had influenza virus infection. Seventy-one children (66.4%) had a single occurrence of PB, and 36 cases (33.6%) had recurrent occurrence of PB (≥2 times). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that involvement of ≥2 lung lobes (OR=3.376) under bronchoscopy, continued need for invasive ventilation after initial removal of plastic casts (OR=3.275), and concomitant multi-organ dysfunction outside the lungs (OR=2.906) were independent risk factors for recurrent occurrence of PB (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Children with pneumonia accompanied by persistent high fever, shortness of breath, respiratory failure, atelectasis or pleural effusion should be highly suspected with PB. Involvement of ≥2 lung lobes under bronchoscopy, continued need for invasive ventilation after initial removal of plastic casts, and concomitant multi-organ dysfunction outside the lungs may be risk factors for recurrent occurrence of PB.

Advances in the effect of inhibiting complement activation in the treatment of sepsis-associated coagulopathy / 中华危重病急救医学

Sepsis-associated coagulopathy refers to extensive coagulation activation accompanied by a high risk of bleeding and organ failure. In severe cases, it is manifested as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and leads to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Complement is an important component of the innate immune system and plays an important role in defending against invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. The early pathological process of sepsis involves excessive activation of the complement system, which forms an extremely complex network through interactions with the coagulation, kinin and fibrinolytic system, amplifying and exacerbating the systemic inflammatory response. In recent years, it has been suggested that uncontrolled complement activation system can exacerbate sepsis-associated coagulation dysfunction or even DIC, indicating the potential value of intervening in the complement system in the treatment of septic DIC, and related research progress is reviewed in this article in order to provide new ideas for the discovery of sepsis-associated coagulopathy therapy drugs.

Morbilidad y mortalidad por isquemia mesentérica aguda en el Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro" / Mobility and Mortality for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in "Arnaldo Milián Castro" University Hospital

Introducción: La isquemia mesentérica aguda es la condición clínica que aparece cuando el flujo sanguíneo del territorio mesentérico resulta insuficiente para satisfacer los requerimientos del intestino. Objetivo: Caracterizar la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes con isquemia mesentérica aguda. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, en el Servicio de cirugía del Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro" de Santa Clara, Villa Clara desde enero del 2016 hasta diciembre del 2020. La muestra quedó constituida por 119 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: De los 119 pacientes que presentaron isquemia mesentérica aguda, predominaron pacientes con factores de riesgo mayores de 65 años 97 (81,5 por ciento), femeninos 61 (51,3 por ciento), fumadores 52 (43,7 por ciento), con hipertensión arterial 84 (70,6 por ciento), cardiopatía isquémica 57 (47,9 por ciento), diabetes mellitus 31 (26,1 por ciento) y enfermedad arterial periférica 20 (16,8 por ciento). Predominó el tratamiento quirúrgico: la laparotomía exploratoria y cierre 55 (46,3 por ciento). Las complicaciones más frecuentes encontradas: el fallo múltiple de órganos 25 (25,7 por ciento) en los pacientes fallecidos. En los hallazgos necrológicos predominó la trombosis arterioesclerótica de la arteria mesentérica superior. Conclusiones: La isquemia mesentérica resulta frecuente en pacientes con factores de riesgo como son la edad mayor de 65 años, el sexo femenino, el hábito tóxico del tabaquismo y las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles tales como la hipertensión arterial, cardiopatía isquémica y la diabetes mellitus. El tratamiento más realizado es el quirúrgico (la laparotomía y el cierre). En la mayoría de las necropsias realizadas la trombosis de la arteria mesentérica superior es el mayor hallazgo en los informes necrológicos(AU)

Introduction: Acute mesenteric ischemia is the clinical condition that appears when the blood flow of the mesenteric area becomes insufficient to meet intestinal requirements. Objective: To characterize the morbidity and mortality of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the surgery service of Arnaldo Milián Castro University Hospital of Santa Clara City, Villa Clara Province, Cuba, from January 2016 to December 2020. The sample consisted of 119 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 119 patients who presented acute mesenteric ischemia, patients with risk factors predominated: older than 65 years (97; 81.5 percent), female (61; 51.3 percent), smokers (52; 43.7 percent), with arterial hypertension (84; 70.6 percent), ischemic heart disease (57; 47.9 percent), diabetes mellitus (31; 26.1 percent), and peripheral arterial disease (20; 16.8 percent). Surgical management predominated: exploratory laparotomy and closure (55; 46.3 percent). The most frequent complications were multiple organ failure (25; 25.7 percent) in the deceased patients. Among the necropsy findings, arteriosclerotic thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery predominated. Conclusions: Mesenteric ischemia is frequent in patients with risk factors such as age over 65 years, the female sex, the toxic habit of smoking; as well as chronic noncommunicable diseases such as arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus. The most commonly performed procedure is surgery (laparotomy and closure). In most of the performed necropsies, thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery is the main finding according to the necrology reports(AU)

Capacitación en reemplazo renal continuo, primera experiencia en el Sanatorio Allende. Relato de experiencia / Training in continuous renal replacement,first experience at the Allende Sanatorio. Experience report

La Insuficiencia Renal Aguda (IRA), es sin dudas una de las complicaciones más frecuentes que puede presentar el paciente crítico; la cual se define como la disminución en la capacidad que tienen los riñones para eliminar productos nitrogenados de desechos. En las unidades de cuidados críticos la causa de las mismas puede ser multifactorial y se relaciona con el fallo multiorgánico. El presente trabajo es un relato de experiencia, un trabajo descriptivo de experiencias de la terapia en reemplazo renal continuo, acompañado además de recolección bibliográfica, cuyo objetivo principal es la capacitación en el tratamiento de las insuficiencias renales en los pacientes críticos con la terapia de reemplazo renal continuo. Para abordar esta temática, se conformó un equipo multidisciplinario en el mes de Abril del año 2021, entre los servicios de Unidad de Cuidados Crítico y el Servicio de Nefrología, en donde se desarrolló un plan de capacitación de manera virtual para abordar el tratamiento a los pacientes con fallo renal, el cual contó además con la disertación y capacitación de personal altamente calificados en el tema, para posteriormente realizar un entrenamiento teórico-práctico en el servicio de Hemodiálisis del Sanatorio Allende de Nueva Córdoba, en la técnica de conexión y desconexión de catéteres de hemodiálisis, en el cual asistieron un total de 26 enfermeros del área de Terapia Intensiva de ambas sedes con el fin de aprender la técnica específica que se aplicará en los pacientes que serán sometidos a hemofiltración venovenosa continua[AU]

Acute Renal Insufficiency (AKI) is undoubtedly one of the most frequent complications that critical patients may present; which is defined as the decrease in the ability of the kidneys to eliminate nitrogenous waste products. In critical care units, their cause can be multifactorial and is related to multiorgan failure.The present work is a report of experiences, a descriptive work of experiences of continuous renal replacement therapy, accompanied by a bibliographic collection, whose main objective is training in the treatment of renal insufficiency in critical patients with replacement therapy. continuous kidney. To address this issue, a multidisciplinary team was formed in April 2021, between the services of the Critical Care Unit and the Nephrology Service, where a training plan was developed virtually to address the treatment of patients. patients with kidney failure, which also included the dissertation and training of highly qualified personnel on the subject, to subsequently carry out theoretical-practical training in the Hemodialysis service of the Allende Sanatorium in Nueva Córdoba, in the connection and disconnection technique of hemodialysis catheters, which was attended by a total of 26 nurses from the Intensive Care area of both sites in order to learn the specific technique that will be applied to patients who will undergo continuous venovenous hemofiltration[AU]

A Insuficiência Renal Aguda (LRA) é, semdúvida, uma das complicaçõesmaisfrequentes que os pacientes críticos podemapresentar; que é definida como a diminuição da capacidade dos rins de eliminar produtosresiduais nitrogenados. Em unidades de terapia intensiva, sua causa pode ser multifatorial e está relacionada à falência de múltiplos órgãos. O presente trabalho é um relato de experiências, umtrabalhodescritivo de experiências de terapia renal substitutiva contínua, acompanhado de umlevantamento bibliográfico, cujo objetivo principal é a capacitação no tratamento da insuficiência renal em pacientes críticos com terapia substitutiva renal. Para abordar essaquestão, uma equipe multidisciplinar foi formada em abril de 2021, entre os serviços da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e o Serviço de Nefrologia, onde foi desenvolvido um plano de treinamento virtualmente para abordar o tratamento de pacientes com insuficiência renal, que incluiutambém o dissertação e treinamento de pessoal altamente qualificado no assunto, para posteriormente realizar treinamento teórico-prático no serviço de Hemodiálise do Sanatório Allende em Nueva Córdoba, na técnica de conexão e desconexão de cateteres de hemodiálise, que contoucom a participação de um total de 26 enfermeiros da área de Terapia Intensiva de ambos os locais para conhecer a técnica específica que será aplicada aos pacientes que ser ãosubmetidos à hemofiltração venovenosa contínua[AU]

Escala pediátrica de disfunción multiorgánica secuencial: validación en pacientes pediátricos graves con leucemia linfoide aguda / Pediatric sequential multiorgan dysfunction scale: validation in critical pediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia

Introducción: Los pacientes que ingresan a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos son aquellos con alto riesgo de mortalidad que pueden presentar síndrome de disfunción orgánica múltiple. Los pacientes que padecen leucemia linfoide aguda forman parte de este grupo. Objetivos: Validar la escala pediátrica de evaluación del fallo multiorgánico secuencial (pSOFA) en pacientes cubanos graves con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide aguda. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, multicéntrico, en unidades de cuidados intensivos de hospitales cubanos con 92 pacientes y 184 ingresos. Se calcularon las puntuaciones de las escalas de disfunción multiorgánica secuencial, riesgo de mortalidad e índice de mortalidad pediátrica, y se evaluó la presencia de disfunción orgánica en las primeras 24 h y a las 48 h. Resultados: La puntuación pSOFA fue mayor en los no supervivientes (p < 0,001) y la mortalidad se incrementó de modo progresivo en los subgrupos con las puntuaciones pSOFA más altas. El análisis de las curvas de las características operativas del receptor (ROC) mostró que el área bajo la curva (AUC) para la predicción de la mortalidad con la puntuación pSOFA fue de 0,89, comparado con 0,84 y 0,79 con las escalas PRISM-3 y PIM-2, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La escala pSOFA mostró ser útil para establecer los criterios disfunción orgánica y su especificidad en el riesgo de mortalidad en los pacientes pediátricos cubanos críticos con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide aguda(AU)

Introduction: Patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are those with a high risk of mortality who may present multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Patients with acute lymphoid leukemia are part of this group. Objectives: To validate the pediatric sequential multi-organ failure assessment scale (pSOFA) in severe Cuban patients diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia. Methods: An observational, prospective, multicenter study was carried out in intensive care units of Cuban hospitals with 92 patients and 184 admissions. The scores of the sequential multiple organ dysfunction, mortality risk and pediatric mortality index scales were calculated, and the presence of organ dysfunction was evaluated in the first 24 hours and at 48 hours. Results: The pSOFA score was higher in non-survivors (p <0.001) and mortality progressively increased in the subgroups with the highest pSOFA scores. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of mortality with the pSOFA score was 0.89, compared to 0.84 and 0.79 with the PRISM-3 and PIM-2 scales, respectively. Conclusions: The pSOFA scale proved useful to establish the criteria for organ dysfunction and its specificity in the risk of mortality in critical Cuban pediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia(AU)

Cirrosis hepática o falla hepática crónica agudizada: definición y clasificación / Cirrhosis or acute-on-chronic liver failure: definition and classification

Objetivo: la cirrosis se considera el estadio crónico e irreversible de la lesión hepática. Su etiología es diversa y abarca causas como las infecciones víricas, tóxicos como el alcohol, medicamentos, patologías autoinmunes y otras. Discusión: la descompensación de la cirrosis hepática es consecuencia de cambios fisiopatológicos que se dan con el tiempo como ascitis, peritonitis bacteriana espontánea, hemorragia del tubo digestivo, síndrome hepatorrenal, encefalopatía hepática o hipertensión portopulmonar, mientras que la falla hepática crónica agudizada debe considerarse como una entidad que debe diferenciarse de la anterior, ya que es una falla multiorgánica de curso rápido, por lo regular en pacientes hospitalizados en unidad de cuidado intensivo, a menudo secundaria a desencadenantes como estados de choque. El clínico debe identificarlas para su abordaje y evaluación. Conclusiones: el método actual adecuado para estadificar esta entidad es el puntaje CLIFF SOFA, que evalúa la mortalidad a 28 y 90 días, permitiendo intervenciones adecuadas en cada caso.

Objetive: cirrhosis is considered the chronic and irreversible stage of liver injury. Its etiology is diverse and includes causes such as viral infection, toxic substances such as alcohol, drugs, autoimmune conditions and others. Discussion: decompensated cirrhosis is a consequence of pathophysiological changes that occur over time, such as ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy or portopulmonary hypertension, while acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) should be differentiated from cirrhosis, for it is a multiple organ failure of rapid clinical course, usually in patients in the intensive care unit, often secondary to precipitating events such as shock. The clinician must identify the difference between the two for an appropriate approach and evaluation. Conclusion: the current suitable method to stage this entity is the CLIFF SOFA score, which evaluates 28-day and 90-day mortality risk factors, allowing appropriate interventions in each case.

Manifestaciones orales y manejo estomatológico de paciente pediátrico con secuelas por COVID-19 / Manifestações orais e gestão estomatológica do paciente pediátrico com sequelas devido ao COVID-19 / Oral manifestations and stomatological management of pediatric patients with sequelae due to COVID-19

Introducción: Desde diciembre de 2019, la nueva cepa del coronavirus 2, causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2), ha provocado una pandemia mundial. Los niños y los adolescentes infectados generalmente son asintomáticos y solo experimentan síntomas respiratorios leves. Sin embargo, se ha reportado, una nueva tendencia alarmante en las infecciones pediátricas por COVID-19, en las cuales los pacientes han llegado a presentar manifestaciones agravantes que han requerido de hospitalización, dejando secuelas importantes. Objetivo: Dar a conocer las manifestaciones orales asociadas al caso clínico de un paciente pediátrico contagiado por SARS-CoV-2, así como la rehabilitación estomatológica de mínima invasión. Presentación de caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 5 años, con antecedente de COVID-19, quien, en su estancia hospitalaria en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de México, presentó choque séptico refractario secundario SARS-COV-2 y falla orgánica múltiple. Se observaron lesiones en dorso lingual secundarias a la infección por COVID-19 las cuales eran asintomáticas. El paciente presentaba caries, y fue rehabilitado exitosamente cumpliendo medidas de bioseguridad, con materiales bioactivos y convencionales, estableciendo un excelenterapport. Conclusiones: El odontólogo pediatra debe diagnosticar las manifestaciones bucales del COVID-19, estableciendo protocolos adecuados de atención. El presente caso fue tratado exitosamente con una estrategia de rehabilitación oral efectiva y parámetros de prevención. Es importante reportar las manifestaciones orales por lo que se sugiere realizar seguimiento de estos hallazgos.

Introdução: Desde dezembro de 2019, a nova cepa do Coronavírus 2, que causa a síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), causou uma pandemia global. Crianças e adolescentes infectados são geralmente assintomáticos ou apresentam apenas sintomas respiratórios leves. Entretanto, uma nova tendência de alarme tem sido relatada nas infecções pediátricas por COVID-19, nas quais os pacientes passaram a apresentar manifestações agravantes que precisaram de hospitalização, deixando sequelas significativas. Objetivos: Apresentar as manifestações orais associadas ao caso clínico de um paciente pediátrico infectado pela SRA-CoV-2, bem como a reabilitação estomatológica minimamente invasiva. Apresentação do caso clínico: Paciente do sexo masculino com 5 anos, com história de COVID-19, que durante sua internação hospitalar no Instituto Nacional de Pediatria do México, apresentou choque séptico refratário secundário ao SARS-COV2 e falha orgânica múltipla. Foram observadas lesões no dorso da língua secundárias à infecção por COVID-19, assintomáticas. Foi reabilitado com materiais bioativos e convencionais, estabelecendo um excelente relacionamento com o paciente. Conclusões: O estomatologista pediátrica deve diagnosticar as manifestações orais da COVID-19, estabelecendo protocolos de cuidados apropriados. O presente caso foi tratado com sucesso com uma estratégia eficaz de reabilitação oral e parâmetros de prevenção. É relevante mencionar as manifestações orais, por isso sugere-se o acompanhamento desses achados.

Introduction: Since December 2019, the new strain of coronavirus 2, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic. Infected children and adolescents are generally asymptomatic and experience only mild respiratory symptoms. However, an alarming new trend has been reported in pediatric COVID-19 infections, in which patients have even presented aggravating manifestations that have required hospitalization, leaving significant sequelae. Objectives: To present the various oral manifestations associated with this case of a pediatric patient infected by SARS-CoV-2, as well as minimally invasive stomatological rehabilitation. Case presentation: A 5-year-old male patient, with a history of COVID-19, who during his hospital stay at the National Institute of Pediatrics of Mexico, presented refractory septic shock secondary to SARS-COV-2 and multiple organ failure. Lesions on the dorsum of the tongue were observed secondary to COVID-19 infection, which were asymptomatic. The patient presented caries, and was rehabilitated following biosafety measures, with bioactive and conventional materials, establishing an excellent rapport. Conclusions: The pediatric stomatologist's should diagnose the oral manifestations of COVID-19, establishing adequate care protocols. The present case was successfully treated with an effective oral rehabilitation strategy and prevention parameters. It is important to report oral manifestations, so it is suggested to follow up on these findings.

Two cases of Vibrio vulnificus primary sepsis / 中华烧伤杂志

This article analyzed the medical records of two patients with Vibrio vulnificus primary sepsis who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University and reviewed the latest literature. On November 6, 2019, a 54-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital. The patient's lower limbs were red, swollen, and painful with ecchymosis and hemorrhagic bullae after he ate freshwater products. The emergency fasciotomy was performed 3 h after admission, and the multiple organ failure occurred after operation. The patient was given up treatment 24 h after admission. On August 12, 2020, a 73-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital. He was in shock state on admission and had hemorrhagic bullae on his right lower limb after he ate seafood. At 3 h post admission, he underwent emergency surgical exploration and amputation of right thigh. Six days later, he received negative pressure wound treatment on the stump. On the 13th day post admission, his families forgo the active treatment and he died 15 d after admission. The two cases were both failed to be diagnosed at the first time, and the disease progressed rapidly. Necrotizing fasciitis and multiple organ failure occurred. After the diagnosis was confirmed, timely fasciotomy and high amputation were performed respectively. The microbiological examinations both reported Vibrio vulnificus. Although the 2 cases were not cured successfully, the course of disease and some indexes of patient with early amputation were better than those of patients with fasciotomy. Vibrio vulnificus is widely distributed and frequently detected in fresh water products. The pathogenic pathway is fuzzy and complex, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed. It is necessary to establish the treatment process of Vibrio vulnificus sepsis. Early and aggressive surgical intervention should be carried out as soon as possible, fasciotomy and debridement should be thorough, and the patients with hemorrhagic bullae should be amputated early. Postoperative comprehensive measures are also important for improving the survival rate of patients.

STING1 in sepsis: Mechanisms, functions, and implications / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome and one of the most challenging health problems in the world. Pathologically, sepsis and septic shock are caused by a dysregulated host immune response to infection, which can eventually lead to multiple organ failure and even death. As an adaptor transporter between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING1, also known as STING or TMEM173) has been found to play a vital role at the intersection of innate immunity, inflammation, autophagy, and cell death in response to invading microbial pathogens or endogenous host damage. There is ample evidence that impaired STING1, through its immune and non-immune functions, is involved in the pathological process of sepsis. In this review, we discuss the regulation and function of the STING1 pathway in sepsis and highlight it as a suitable drug target for the treatment of lethal infection.