Predictive value of left ventricular ejection fraction for the occurrence of postoperative myocardial infarction after coronary endarterectomy in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of ejection fraction for the postoperative myocardial infarction after coronary endarterectomy (CE) in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease (DCAD). Methods: Patients who underwent cardiac artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and CE in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Baseline features including age, sex and echocardiography parameters were obtained. Left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) was measured by echocardiography. The patients were divided into postoperative myocardial infarction (PMI) group and non-PMI group according to PMI occurrence. Linear regression analysis, logistic regression model, and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve were used to analyze the correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction and PMI and the influencing factors. Results: A total of 120 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 32 patients (27%) in the PMI group (male 27(84%), age (62±8)), inferior myocardial infarction occurred in 24 (75%) patients. There were 88 patients (73%) in the non-PMI group (male 70(80%), age (62±8)). EF (55% (49%, 64%) vs. 62% (55%, 67%), P=0.01) was significantly lower in the PMI group than in the non-PMI group. Perioperative TNI, IABP use and length of hospitalization were significantly higher in the PMI group than in the non-PMI group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that lower EF was an independent risk factor of PMI (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.89-0.98, P=0.01) after adjusting age, sex and body mass index. ROC curve analysis showed that EF<60% could sufficiently predict the occurrence of PMI (AUC= 0.67, sensitivity 64%, specificity 69%, P=0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (OR=-0.52, 95%CI:-1.13-0.60, P<0.001), graft flow in left anterior descending (OR=-0.20, 95%CI:-0.15-0.01, P=0.02) and history of diabetes (OR=-0.28, 95%CI:-8.25-1.85, P=0.002) were negatively correlated with preoperative EF value. Conclusion: Lower preoperative EF is an independent risk factor for PMI after CABG and CE in DCAD patients, closely related to the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, graft flow in left anterior descending artery and diabetes mellitus.

Dissecção espontânea da artéria coronária em gestação gemelar no terceiro trimestre: relato de caso / Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a twin pregnancy in the third trimester: a case report

O infarto agudo do miocárdio no período gravídico-puerperal é uma condição rara em que a principal causa é a dissecção espontânea da artéria coronária. É um evento comumente subdiagnosticado, com pouca literatura disponível e elevado índice de morbimortalidade. Esse relato descreve o caso de uma gestante de 36 semanas de gravidez gemelar, monocoriônica-diamniótica, com infarto agudo do miocárdio secundário à dissecção espontânea da artéria coronária. As equipes de cirurgia cardíaca e obstetrícia optaram pela realização de parto cesariano e histerectomia subtotal, seguido da revascularização da artéria mamária descendente anterior. Discutem-se as orientações adotadas na dissecção espontânea da artéria coronária, bem como a abordagem terapêutica e a conduta obstétrica, quando essa condição ocorre durante a gravidez.(AU)

Acute myocardial infarction in the pregnancy-puerperal period is a rare condition the main cause of which is the spontaneous coronary artery dissection. A commonly underdiagnosed event with little available literature and a high rate of morbidity and mortality. This case reports a 36-week pregnant woman of mono-chorionic-diamniotic pregnancy who had a myocardial infarction secondary to a spontaneous coronary artery dissection. In a joint discussion between the team of cardiac surgery and obstetrics, it was decided to perform a cesarean delivery and subtotal hysterectomy followed by revascularization of the mammary anterior descendant. It discusses the conducts to be adopted in a case of spontaneous coronary artery dissection as well as therapeutic approaches and obstetric conducts to be taken in a case of dissection during pregnancy.(AU)

Association between Periodontitis and Myocardial Infarction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract The association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction remains unclear in the literature. Few studies have addressed periodontitis exposure as a predisposing factor for the development of myocardial infarction. Therefore, the present systematic review aims to analyze the association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction. This meta-analysis systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, SCIELO, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature for studies estimating the association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction. Quality of evidence was assessed for all studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. Four of the six studies selected were included in the meta-analysis, including 1,035,703 subjects. The association between periodontitis and myocardial infarction was: RR: 5.99 (95% CI: 1.17-30.68), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%; p <0.01). The results including only the highest quality articles, was lower: RR: 2.62 (95% CI: 1.47-4.70 3.83), but with lower heterogeneity (I2 = 85.5%; p < 0.01).The present systematic review with meta-analysis showed an association between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction, but with a high level of heterogeneity.

Infarto agudo al miocardio secundario a disección coronaria espontánea biarterial: reporte de un caso y revisión de literatura / Acute myocardial infarction due to spontaneous two vessel coronary artery dissection

Resumen: La disección coronaria espontánea ha surgido como una causa interesante y poco reconocida de síndrome coronario agudo no aterosclerótico. Ocurre más frecuentemente en mujeres jóvenes, donde de forma importante puede asociarse a anomalías arteriales no coronarias. La clave para un tratamiento oportuno es el diagnóstico precoz que impida su evolución a cuadros más severos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 36 años con un síndrome coronario agudo secundario a una disección coronaria espontánea bi-arterial que evolucionó de forma grave a una insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. El objetivo es informar un cuadro poco usual y proporcionar evidencia que respalde el cómo debe enfrentarse.

Abstract: Spontaneous coronary dissection is an important cause of acute non-atherosclerotic coronary syndrome. It occurs more frequently in young women, often without significantly associated coronary arterial anomalies. Early diagnosis is a key to prompt treatment, in order to prevent severe complications. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with an acute coronary syndrome secondary to spontaneous bi-arterial coronary dissection progressing to severe acute heart failure. A discussion of the management of this condition is included.

Blunt-chest-trauma-induced acute myocardial infarction

Blunt chest trauma (BCT) is one of the rarest causes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This paper reports the case of a young married man who suffered from AMI due to BCT sustained in a fight with his wife. The histopathology examination revealed a rupture of atherosclerotic plaque with superimposed thrombus in the proximal left anterior descending artery. This report also reviews previously reported BCT-induced AMI cases in the literature.

Importancia del electrocardiograma en el diagnóstico del infarto agudo al miocardio por obstrucción del tronco común de arteria coronaria izquierda

Acute myocardial infarction caused by thrombosis of left main coronary artery generate acute cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock and death. Along with the clinical history, the electrocardiogram (EKG) is the most useful tool for its recognition and timely management. Classically the EKG shows ST elevation > 1 mm in aVR or V1 with ST depression in the other leads. Urgent coronary angiography with percutaneous coronary angioplasty using drug eluting stents is recommended when the diagnosis is made. We report two cases to exemplify the clinical presentation, EKG and angiographic findings and therapeutic approach.

Associação entre o índice de massa corporal e a gravidade e complexidade das lesões coronarianas em pacientes pós-infarto / Association of body mass index and coronary lesions severity and complexity in post-myocardial infarction patients

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o índice de massa corporal e a gravidade das lesões coronarianas em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio. Métodos: Coorte aninhada ao Catarina Heart Study que avaliou 350 indivíduos durante o primeiro evento de infarto agudo do miocárdio e o 30º dia pós-infarto. As variáveis qualitativas foram analisadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Após o resultado da distribuição, a avaliação de variáveis quantitativas foi feita pelo teste de t de Student, pela correlação de Pearson, pelo teste de Mann-Whitney e pela correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Indivíduos com obesidade G2 (15,4%) tiveram maior probabilidade de trombose em 30 dias em comparação a indivíduos com índice de massa corporal normal (1,1%), com p=0,005. Indivíduos com obesidade grau 1 (6,0%) e obesidade grau 2 (7,7%) tiveram mais eventos de infarto agudo do miocárdio em 30 dias em comparação a indivíduos com índice de massa corporal normal (0,0%), com p=0,019 e p=0,009, respectivamente. Nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada em termos de fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, mortalidade e complexidade das lesões coronarianas (escore SYNTAX e TIMI frame count). Conclusão: A obesidade em diversos graus está diretamente associada a fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular, como hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dislipidemia e tabagismo. Não houve associação entre o índice de massa corporal com a gravidade das lesões coronarianas ou a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo. Não houve diferença na mortalidade comparando-se indivíduos com índice de massa corporal elevado a pacientes com índice de massa corporal normal. Pacientes com obesidade tiveram mais desfechos cardiovasculares, como trombose e novo evento de infarto agudo do miocárdio em 30 dias, ao serem comparados a pacientes com índice de massa corporal normal. Outros desfechos de seguimento em 30 dias não estiveram associados ao índice de massa corporal.

Objective: To evaluate the association between body mass index and severity of coronary lesions in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A cohort nested to Catarina Heart Study, which evaluated 350 individuals during the first event of myocardial infarction and the 30th day post-infarction. Qualitative variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. After the distribution result, the evaluation of quantitative variables was done through Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation, Mann Whitney's test, and Spearman's correlation. Results: Individuals with G2 obesity (15.4%) had a greater probability of having thrombosis in 30 days compared to individuals with normal body mass index (1.1%), p=0.005. Individuals with G1 obesity (6.0%) and G2 obesity (7.7%) had more events of myocardial infarction in 30 days compared to individuals with normal body mass index (0.0%), with p=0.019 and p=0.009, respectively. No significant association was found in terms of left ventricle ejection fraction, mortality, and complexity of coronary lesions (SYNTAX score and TIMI frame count). Conclusion: Obesity in several degrees is directly associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking. There was no association between the body mass index and the severity of coronary lesions or left ventricle ejection fraction. There was no difference in mortality comparing individuals with high body mass index to patients with normal body mass index. Patients with obesity had more cardiovascular outcomes, such as thrombosis and a new event of myocardial infarction in 30 days when compared to patients with normal body mass index. Other follow-up outcomes in 30 days were not associated with body mass index

Serum ferritin levels is associated with acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis

SUMMARY BACKGROUND An association between increased serum ferritin levels and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to confirm the association between increased serum ferritin levels and AMI. METHODS We searched PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant articles that assessed the association between serum ferritin and acute myocardial infarction using terms that included serum ferritin and acute myocardial infarction up to February 13, 2019. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were identified for analysis. All pooled analysis was based on a random-effects models. The variance was exhibited using a forest plot, and the heterogeneity among studies was examined using the I2 index, the publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot. The pooled standard mean difference of ferritin levels between AMI and controls was 0.78 (95%CI,0.68-0.88). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that serum ferritin in acute myocardial infarction patients is higher than that of healthy controls.

RESUMO ANTECEDENTES a correlação entre o aumento do nível de proteínas de ferro no soro e o infarto agudo do miocárdio (AMI) continua controversa. O objetivo desta análise é confirmar a relação entre o aumento dos níveis de proteínas de ferro no soro y o AMI. METODOLOGIA busca de artigos sobre Pubmed e a infraestrutura nacional de conhecimentos da China (cnki) para avaliar a relação entre a proteína de ferro no soro e o infarto agudo do miocárdio, incluída a proteína de ferro no soro e o infarto agudo de miocárdio, até 13 de fevereiro de 2019. RESULTADO foram identificados 11 estudos para sua analise e todas as análises resumidas tiveram base em modelos de efeitos aleatórios. Foram utilizados mapas florestais para mostrar as margens, foi utilizado o índice 12 para examinar a heterogeneidade dos estudos e foram utilizados mapas de funil para avaliar os desvios publicados.A diferença entre a norma de fusão dos níveis de proteína de ferro do Grupo ami e o Grupo de controle é de 0,78 (intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,68-0,88). CONCLUSÃO nos resultados das análises da meta indicam que os pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio têm proteínas de ferro superiores às do Grupo de controle de saúde.

Risk of late appearance of acute myocardial infartion after carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication / Riesgo de aparición de infarto agudo de miocardio en el largo plazo después de una intoxicación por monóxido de carbono (CO)

ABSTRACT Background: After acute carbon monoxide intoxication, there may be a higher risk for late adverse cardiac events. However, these patients are usually not followed to monitor the appearance of these effects. Aim: To follow patients seen at an emergency department for carbon monoxide intoxication, monitoring the appearance of myocardial infarction. To assess the predictive value for such complication of serum troponin, carboxyhemoglobin, and procalcitonin levels at the moment of intoxication. Material and Methods: We followed 237 patients receiving emergency care for carbon monoxide intoxication, with a serum carboxyhemoglobin of 5% or more, between 2010 and 2012. Levels of procalcitonin and troponin I were measured. Patients were followed for five years after the intoxication. Results: During the follow up period, 35 patients had a myocardial infarction. These patients had significantly higher carboxyhemoglobin, procalcitonin and troponin I levels at the moment of the intoxication than their counterparts who did not had a myocardial infarction in the follow up. A logistic regression analysis showed that age, carboxyhemoglobin levels, procalcitonin, troponin 1 and length of CO exposure were associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction. Procalcitonin, troponin and carboxyhemoglobin levels had a high sensitivity and specificity to predict the appearance of myocardial infarction, with high areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Conclusions: In patients with CO intoxication, carboxyhemoglobin, troponin and procalcitonin levels at the moment of the intoxication are significant predictors of the late appearance of myocardial infarction.

Antecedentes: Después de una intoxicación con monóxido de carbono, hay un mayor riesgo de desarrollar problemas cardiovasculares a largo plazo. Sin embargo, estos pacientes no son seguidos habitualmente para evaluar la aparición de estos eventos. Objetivo: Efectuar un seguimiento de pacientes que han sufrido una intoxicación con CO, evaluando la aparición de infarto del miocardio. Evaluar el valor de los niveles de troponina, carboxihemoglobina y procalcitonina para predecir la aparición de estos eventos. Material y Métodos: Seguimos 237 pacientes que fueron atendidos de urgencia por una intoxicación con CO, con niveles de carboxihemoglobina de 5% o más, entre 2010 y 2012. Se midieron los niveles de procalcitonina, troponina 1 y carboxihemoglobina y los pacientes fueron seguidos por cinco años después de la intoxicación. Resultados: Durante el seguimiento, 35 pacientes tuvieron un infarto al miocardio. Estos pacientes tenían niveles significativamente más altos de procalcitonina, troponina 1 y carboxihemoglobina al momento de la intoxicación, que los pacientes que no tuvieron un infarto durante el seguimiento. Una regresión logística mostró que la edad, carboxihemoglobina, procalcitonina, troponina y la duración de exposición a CO se asociaron a un mayor riesgo de infarto. Procalcitonina, troponina 1 y carboxihemoglobina tuvieron una alta sensibilidad y especificidad para predecir la aparición de infarto, con áreas bajo la curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic) elevadas. Conclusiones: En pacientes con intoxicación por CO, la carboxihemoglobina, procalcitonina y troponina son predictores significativos de la aparición de infarto agudo de miocardio en el largo plazo.

Carotid plaque is a predictor of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients undergoing coronary angiography / La presencia de placa carotídea es predictor de eventos adversos cardiacos y cerebrovasculares en sujetos sometidos a coronariografía

Abstract Introduction: Carotid disease, measured as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque (CP), is associated with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in people without the previous atherosclerotic disease; however, there are few published data in patients undergoing coronary angiography. The aim of the study is to determinate if the carotid disease is associated with MACCE after coronary angiography. Methods: A total of 390 consecutive patients underwent coronary angiography after exercise echocardiography and carotid ultrasonography between 2002 and 2013. MACCE was defined as stroke, myocardial infarction due to atherosclerosis progression or death due to a stroke or cardiac event. Results: Two patients were lost (0.5%). During a mean follow-up of 6.0 years (standard deviation of 2.9), 52 patients (13.4%) suffered MACCE. 1, 5, and 10 years, event-free survival was 96.4% (1.0), 88.7% (1.7), and 81.4% (2.8), respectively. Event rates at 10 years were higher in the CP group (23.2% vs. 10.2%, p = 0.013) and in the CIMT > 0.9 mm group (25.9% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.023). Multivariate analysis showed smoking habit (hazard ratio [HR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-4.62, p = 0.003), glomerular filtration rate (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.98-0.99), aortic stenosis (HR 2.99, 95% CI 1.24-7.21, p = 0.014), incomplete/no coronary revascularization (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.06-3.67, p = 0.033), insulin treatment (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.30-5.31, p = 0.006), and CP (HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.02-5.44, p = 0.044) as predictors of MACCE. Conclusions: CP is an independent predictor of MACCE in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Resumen La enfermedad carotídea, definida como grosor de íntima media (GIMC) y placa (PC), se asocia con eventos adversos cardiacos y cerebrovasculares (EACC) en sujetos sin aterosclerosis previa; sin embargo hay pocos datos en pacientes sometidos a coronariografía. El objetivo del estudio es determinar si la enfermedad carotídea se asocia a EACC en pacientes remitidos a coronariografía Métodos: Entre 2002 y 2013 390 pacientes fueron sometidos a coronariografía tras ecocardiograma de esfuerzo y ecografía carotídea. Se definió EACC como accidente cerebrovascular, infarto de miocardio por progresión aterosclerótica o muerte por accidente cerebrovascular o causa cardiaca. Resultados: Durante un seguimiento medio de 6 años (desviación estándar 2, 9) se registraron 2 pérdidas y 52 eventos (13,4%). La supervivencia media libre de eventos a uno, cinco y diez años fue 96.4% (1.0), 88.7% (1.7) y 81.4% (2.8). Hubo mayor número de eventos a 10 años en el grupo de PC (23.2% frente 10.2%, p = 0.013) y GIMC > 0.9 mm (25,9% frente 13.3%, p = 0.023). En el análisis multivariado los predictores de EACC fueron tabaquismo (hazard ratio [HR] 2.51, intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95% 1.36-4.62, p = 0.003), filtrado glomerular renal (HR 0.98 IC95% 0.98-0.99), estenosis aórtica (HR 2.99, IC 95% 1.24-7.21, p = 0.014), revascularización incompleta/no revascularización (HR 1.97, IC 95% 1.06-3.67, p = 0.033), tratamiento con insulina (HR 2.63, IC 95% 1.30-5.31, p = 0.006) y PC (HR 2.36, 95%CI 1.02-5.44, p = 0.044). Conclusiones: La PC es un predictor independiente de EACC en pacientes sometidos a coronariografía.

Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity as prognostic predictors in hospitalized elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction / Relação entre sarcopenia e obesidade sarcopênica como preditores de prognóstico em pacientes idosos hospitalizados com infarto agudo do miocárdio

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the potential value of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity as prognostic predictors in hospitalized elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on data collected from elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction, admitted to a public hospital located in the Northeastern region of Brazil, from April to July 2015. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance measurements. Cardiovascular risk and prognostic markers, such as troponin and creatine kynase MB isoenzyme values, acute myocardial infarction classification according to ST segment elevation, and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score were used. Results: The sample comprised 99 patients with mean age of 71.6 (±7.4) years. Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 64.6% and 35.4%, respectively. Sarcopenia was more prevalent among males (p=0.017) aged >80 years (p=0.008). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction was the only marker of cardiovascular risk significantly associated with sarcopenia (p=0.002). Conclusion: Prevalence of sarcopenia was high and associated with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score. Sarcopenic obesity affected approximately one-third of patients and was not associated with any of the prognostic predictors.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre sarcopenia e obesidade sarcopênica como preditores de prognóstico em pacientes idosos com infarto agudo do miocárdio internados. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo pacientes idosos com infarto agudo do miocárdio, hospitalizados no período de abril a julho de 2015, em serviço público, no Nordeste brasileiro. A sarcopenia foi determinada por meio das medidas de massa muscular, força muscular e desempenho físico. Foram utilizados os marcadores de risco cardiovascular e de prognóstico, como os valores de troponina e da isoenzima MB da creatinina quinase, classificação do infarto agudo do miocárdio de acordo com a elevação do segmento ST e o escore de risco de trombólise em infarto do miocárdio. Resultados: Foram avaliados 99 pacientes, com média de idade de 71,6 (±7,4) anos. Verificou-se prevalência de sarcopenia de 64,6% e 35,4% de obesidade sarcopênica. A sarcopenia foi mais prevalente no sexo masculino (p=0,017), na faixa etária >80 anos (p=0,008). Dentre os marcadores de risco cardiovascular, apenas o escore de risco trombólise em infarto do miocárdio esteve estatisticamente associado à sarcopenia (p=0,002). Conclusão: A prevalência da sarcopenia foi elevada e se associou com o escore de risco de trombólise em infarto do miocárdio. A obesidade sarcopênica acometeu cerca de um terço dos pacientes e não se associou a nenhum parâmetro preditor prognóstico.

Factores pronósticos de morbimortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes egresados con infarto agudo al miocardio seguidos por un año / Prognostic factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction followed for one year

Acute myocardial infarction is one of the main causes of death in the world, this occurs in the in-hospital period as well as in the follow-up. It has been much studied what occurs in the in-hospital period, but much less what occurs in the follow-up of patients with this pathology. The objective of this study was to follow patients discharged after myocardial infarction for 1 year and analyze predictors of cardiovascular events. 1174 patients were followed for 1 year, of which 17% presented some serious cardiovascular event, associated with the presence of male sex, older age, arterial hypertension, previous history of angina, hospital treatment only pharmacological, inclusion of positive inotropes in the initial treatment and use of calcium channel blockers, factors already shown by international literature but less analyzed in our country, and furthermore, the demonstration that invasive management with coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery are protective factors of the occurrence of events in this period, which reinforces the idea of a more intensive and invasive management in patients with this pathology. (AU)

Insuficiência cardíaca na população geriátrica: dados de um registro unicêntrico / Heart failure in the older population: data from a single-center registry

OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil e o seguimento clínico de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, que comparou a população geriátrica (≥ 65 anos) com o restante da amostra (18 a 64 anos). Todos eram acompanhados ambulatorialmente em clínica especializada de um hospital-escola e foram incluídos consecutivamente entre abril e novembro de 2013, tendo sido acompanhados por 3 anos ou óbito. RESULTADOS: Da amostra total de 100 pacientes, 56% eram idosos. Na comparação entre idosos (média de 74±7 anos) e não idosos (média de 52±8 anos), houve diferença significativa quanto a peso corporal (72,6±16 kg vs. 80,8±19kg; p=0,02), índice de massa corporal (28,6±5,7kg/m2 vs. 32,6±5,9kg/m2; p=0,001), fibrilação atrial (35,7% vs. 11,3%; p=0,005) e doença renal crônica (28,5% vs. 13,6%; p=0,04). A prescrição de betabloqueadores e de inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina ou bloqueadores do receptor de angiotensina não diferiu entre os grupos, e nem os dados ecocardiográficos e a ocorrência de desfechos no seguimento clínico. CONCLUSÃO: Idosos foram a maioria dentre pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e apresentaram maior prevalência de doença renal crônica e fibrilação atrial, além de menores peso e índice de massa corporal. Tais diferenças não resultaram em maior incidência de desfechos adversos na evolução de médio prazo. (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical profile and follow-up of patients with heart failure. METHODS: This is a prospective, observational study that compared the geriatric population (≥ 65 years old) with the remaining portion of the sample (18 to 64 years old). All of them were assisted in a specialized outpatient clinic of a university hospital, and were included consecutively from April to November 2013, being followed for three years or until death. RESULTS: From the sample of 100 patients, 56% were older people. In the comparison between older people (average 74 ± 7 years old) and non-older people (average 52 ± 8 years old), a significant difference was found for body weight (72.6 ± 16Kg vs. 80.8 ± 19Kg, p=0.02), body mass index (28.6 ± 5.7Kg/m2 vs. 32.6 ± 5.9 Kg/m2, p=0.001), atrial fibrillation (35.7% vs. 11.3%, p=0.005), and chronic kidney disease (28.5% vs. 13.6%, p=0.04). The prescription of beta-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers did not differ between the groups, neither did the echocardiographic values and the occurrence of outcomes at clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION: Older people were the majority among patients with heart failure, and presented a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation, and lower body weight and body mass index. Those differences did not result in greater incidence of adverse outcomes at mid-term follow-up. (AU)

Pseudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo / Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm

El pseudoaneurisma cardíaco es una entidad poco frecuente, que se produce cuando existe una rotura incompleta de la pared del corazón y el pericardio sella dicha rotura. Se desarrolla una neocavidad comunicada con la cavidad ventricular por un orificio estrecho. El objetivo del presente trabajo es reportar un caso de pseudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo, entidad muy poco frecuente. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 69 años, con antecedentes de infarto del miocardio tres años previos al ingreso, que acude al cuerpo de guardia por dolor torácico y disnea. Se le realiza radiografía de tórax, vista póstero-anterior, donde se observa imagen radiopaca con tendencia nodular que borra el contorno cardiaco izquierdo, se complementa con ecografía transtorácica y tomografía helicoidal computarizada, se visualiza una imagen sacular por adición en la pared lateral del ventrículo izquierdo, con trombo mural en su interior, que comunicaba con este a través de cuello estrecho. Se llegó a la conclusión de que se trataba de un pseudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo. Esta es una entidad que presenta una alta mortalidad, por lo que es necesario realizar un diagnóstico oportuno, a fin de tomar la conducta adecuada para prevenir las complicaciones(AU)

The cardiac pseudoaneurysm is a rare entity, which occurs when there is an incomplete rupture of the heart wall and the pericardium seals the rupture. A neocavity develops communicating with the ventricular cavity through a narrow orifice. The objective of this study is to report a rare case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. We present a 69-year-old male patient with a history of myocardial infarction three years prior to admission. The patient goes to the emergency room for chest pain and dyspnea. He underwent chest X-rays for rear-anterior view showing a radiopaque image with nodular tendency that erases the left cardiac line. Transthoracic ultrasound and computerized helical tomography are used to complement the examination. A saccular image is shown by adding to the lateral wall of the left ventricle with wall thrombus inside, a communicating narrow neck. It was concluded that it was a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. This is an entity that presents high mortality, so it is necessary to make timely diagnosis, in order to take the appropriate medical behavior for preventing complications(AU)

Circunferencia abdominal y riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Consultorio 22. Policlínico Docente "Aleida Fernández Chardiet". 2016 / Abdominal circumference and risk of cardiovascular disease in Doctor's Office 22. "Aleida Fernández Chardiet" Polyclinic. 2016

Introducción: Estudios epidemiológicos han señalado que la obesidad abdominal es el factor de riesgo más preponderante en los países latinoamericanos y el que mejor explica la ocurrencia de un primer infarto agudo de miocardio. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular por la medición de la circunferencia abdominal en el Consultorio 22 del Policlínico Docente Aleida Fernández Chardiet del municipio La Lisa, La Habana, Cuba, en 2016. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal en personas mayores de 17 años de edad. El universo estuvo constituido por 538 personas. Se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencias, cálculos porcentuales y el test de Chi Cuadrado. Resultados: De acuerdo con el valor de la circunferencia abdominal, 42,9 por ciento de las personas presentó un riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular incrementado. El riesgo incrementado predominó en el sexo masculino (48 por ciento). Solo el 16,5 por ciento de los pacientes diabéticos tuvo un riesgo bajo. El 50,6 por ciento de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial y 45,4 por ciento de los fumadores presentaron un riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular incrementado. Conclusiones: El riesgo incrementado de enfermedad cardiovascular, según la medida de la circunferencia abdominal, predominó en la mayoría de los pacientes estudiados, fundamentalmente en los pacientes del sexo masculino, los diabéticos, los hipertensos y los fumadores. Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, encontrado por la obesidad abdominal y la edad, el sexo, la Diabetes Mellitus y la hipertensión arterial(AU)

Introduction: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that abdominal obesity is the most important risk factor and the one that best explains the occurrence of a first acute myocardial infarction in Latin American countries. Objective: To determine the risk of cardiovascular disease by measuring the abdominal circumference in Doctor's Office 22 of Aleida Fernández Chardiet Teaching Polyclinic, La Lisa municipality, Havana, Cuba, in 2016. Material and Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in people older than 17 years old. The universe of study was composed of 538 persons. Distributions of frequencies, percentage calculations, and the Chi-square test were used. Results: With regard to the value of abdominal circumference, 42,9 percent of people presented a high risk of cardiovascular disease, which predominated in the male sex (48,0 percent). Only 16,5 percent of diabetic patients presented a low risk. The 50,6 percent of patients with arterial hypertension, and the 45,4 percent of smokers presented a high risk. Conclusions: Regarding the evaluation of the abdominal circumference, a high risk of cardiovascular disease was observed in the majority of population studied, especially in the male sex, diabetics, hypertensive patients, and smokers. A statistically significant relationship was observed in patients with risk of cardiovascular disease due to abdominal obesity and age, sex, Diabetes Mellitus, and arterial hypertension.