Comparison of Topical Oxygen with Vacuum Assisted Closure in Wound Healing in a Low Resource Setting

The aim of this pilot study is to obtain preliminary results comparing topical oxygen therapy (TOT) and vacuum assisted closure (VAC) in terms of its ability to accelerate wound healing. METHODS: This non-randomised prospective study included patients with age 16-50 years, wound size ≥ 16cm2 and present below knee joint within seven days of occurrence. Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool (BWAT) was used for evaluation at 8-day interval along with percent area reduction at final follow up. RESULTS: Mean number of cycles required in VAC and TOT group were 1.97 (range 1-3) and 2.1 (range 1-3) (each cycle of 5 days) per patient respectively. Percent area reduction was significantly higher in the VAC group (34±9.7%) than TOT (11.3±3.8%) group at final follow up (p<0.05). TOT patients had better improvement in epithelialization compared to VAC at last follow up. More extensive debridement was needed in patients of TOT than VAC. There was no significant difference between final score in both groups. CONCLUSION: TOT appears to be comparable to well-established VAC in treatment of fresh traumatic wounds below the knee joint. Further large scale, multicentric and randomised studies comparing both these modalities of treatment should be the way forward

Simplified vacuum dressing system: effectiveness and safety in wounds management

Purpose: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has revolutionized wound care, but its high cost reduces the procedure's availability. To solve the problem, streamlined vacuum dressings systems have been proposed, but the utility of these devices has been poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate a simplified vacuum dressing system model (SVDM). Methods: Randomized clinical trial in which wounds were treated with SVDM compared to a complex occlusive dressing (silver hydrofiber, SHF). The analyzed outcomes were cleaning, presence of granulation tissue, clinical appearance, and indication for surgical closure of wounds. Results: Fifty injuries were treated (25 in each group), most located on lower limbs. SVDM proved to be more effective than SHF in the evaluated outcomes. Wound recalcitrance reduced the effectiveness of the equipment used. Despite its efficacy, complications occurred, the most frequent related to dressing changes: minor bleeding, foam adherence to a wound bed, and pain. Only for bleeding no favorable risk-benefit ratio was found. There were no severe complications, worsening conditions of injuries, or deaths. Conclusions: SVDM proved to be an effective and acceptably safe device for managing studied wounds.

Clinical effects of in situ perforation of preserved split scar matrix in combination with scalp transplantation and vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of hypertrophic scar in non-functional sites after burns / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of in situ perforation of preserved split scar matrix in combination with scalp transplantation and vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of hypertrophic scar in non-functional sites after burns. Methods: A retrospective observational study was used. From June 2017 to June 2019, 33 patients (24 males and 9 females, aged 8-50 years) who met the inclusion criteria with hypertrophic scars in non-functional sites outside the face after burns were treated in General Hospital of TISCO (the Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University). All patients underwent scalp transplantation after perforation of retained split scar matrix in situ (with scar thinning area of 90-500 cm2), and then the vacuum sealing drainage was performed. The hematoma and infection of wounds were observed on the 7th day after operation. At the same time, the survival rate of skin grafting was observed and calculated. The flatness and thickness of the scar in the operative area were observed in 12 months after operation, and the itching and pain of the patients were recorded. Vancouver Scar Scale was used to score the scar of patients before operation and at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The healing time and hair growth of donor site were observed. Data were statistically analyzed with repeated analysis of variance, paired sample t test and bonferroni correction. Results: On the 7th day after operation, local subcutaneous hematoma appeared in the wound of 2 patients, which healed after dressing change; no infection occurred. On the 7th day after operation, the survival rate of skin grafting of patients was 94.6%-99.0%(96.8±1.2)%. Scar flatness was well, the thickness of scar was not significantly higher than that of normal skin in 12 months after operation, and the symptoms of itching pain of patients disappeared or significantly relieved. Vancouver Scar Scale scores of patients before operation and at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation were 12.1±2.8, 8.5±1.5, 7.6±1.6, 6.7±1.3, respectively, and the scores of 3, 6, and 12 months after operation were all significantly lower than that before operation (with t values of 4.48, 4.06, and 3.97, respectively, P<0.01). All the donor sites of the head healed well in 4-7 days after operation. By 3-6 months after operation, all patients had good hair growth in the donor site and achieved no scar healing. Conclusions: The treatment of hypertrophic scar in non-functional sites outside the face after burns by in situ perforation of preserved split scar matrix in combination with scalp transplantation and vacuum sealing drainage can effectively improve the appearance of hypertrophic scar in non-functional areas after burn and reduce its degree of hyperplasia, with scar-free donor site healing.

A case of high-temperature steel bar penetration injury from scrotum to buttocks / 中华烧伤杂志

On November 17, 2013, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University admitted a 23-year-old male patient with a high-temperature steel bar penetration injury from scrotum to buttocks who was transferred from another hospital. Expanded debridement, suture, and drainage of the perineum, right thigh, and right hip were performed as soon as possible after admission. A sputum suction tube was used as the guide mark for expanded debridement during the operation to ensure the accuracy of the direction and scope of expanded debridement. The incision was treated with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and full drainage. On the 20th day after the operation (the 25th day after admission), the unhealed wound was transplanted with split-thickness skin graft from the right thigh, and the drainage of the operation area and dressing change were strengthened. On the 53rd day after injury, the patient was discharged after complete wound healing. This case suggests that VSD after early debridement is an effective means to treat high-temperature steel bar penetration injuries.

Clinical application and related research advances of negative pressure wound therapy in wound treatment / 中华烧伤杂志

Wound repair has always been one of the key issues of clinical concern. In recent years, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has played an increasingly active role in promoting various wound repairs, not only for the treatment of common acute and chronic wounds, but also for closure of surgical incisions, preparation of wounds before skin transplantation, fixation of skin grafts after transplantation, and treatment of some complex thoracic and abdominal trauma. This review aims to summarize the clinical application of NPWT in wound treatment and the related latest research progress, and to preliminarily discuss its future development prospects.

Uso de VAC en neonatos / Use of VAC in neonates

El objetivo de este trabajo es normatizar el uso de la terapia de presión negativa de heridas complejas en neonatos. La iniciativa surge a partir de la negativa de nuestros proveedores locales de proporcionarnos el material del sistema VAC (cicatrización asistida por vacío), por temor a las posibles complicaciones por su uso en neonatos y escasa bibliografía al respecto. Se presentan 2 casos tratados en neonatos entre 2018 y 2021, y se acompaña de revisión bibliográfica encontrada, de diferente etiología. Con las conclusiones obtenidas, se pretende establecer al VAC como una herramienta terapéutica eficaz en neonatos, de igual manera que se aplica, en toda herida compleja que lo requiera, sin importar la edad del paciente

The goal of this work is to standardize the use of negative pressure therapy for complex wounds in newborns. The initiative arises from the refusal of our local suppliers to provide us with the VAC (vacuum-assisted healing) system material, for fear of possible complications from its use in newborns and little literature about it. There are 2 cases treated in neonates between 2018 and 2021, and it is accompanied by found bibliographic review of different etiology. With the conclusions obtained, it is intended to establish the VAC as an effective therapeutic tool in neonates, just as it is applied, in any complex wound that requires it, regardless of the age of the patient

Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel in the treatment of refractory pressure injuries and its effect on wound healing time and patient quality of life

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel in the treatment of refractory pressure injuries and its effect on wound healing time and quality of life of patients. METHODS: A random number table method was used to group 102 patients with refractory pressure injuries into either a control group (CG) (51 cases) receiving negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) or a study group (SG) (51 cases) receiving NPWT+PRP gel. RESULTS: The total efficacy rate in the SG (92.16%) was higher than that in the CG (76.47%) (p<0.05). The SG exhibited lower visual analog scale (VAS) scores and pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) scores, smaller wound sizes and depths, and shorter wound healing times than the CG after 21 days of treatment (p<0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the SG scored higher than the CG on the psychological, physiological, social functions, and daily activity domains on the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) scale (p<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the SG (13.73%) was not significantly different from that of the CG (7.84%) (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of refractory pressure injuries, PRP gel can accelerate wound healing, reduce wound pain, shorten the treatment cycle, regulate tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and the expression of specific proteins in granulation tissue, reduce the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and improve the quality of life of patients without increasing complications.

Point on Consideration of Products for Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Design and Evaluation / 中国医疗器械杂志

Negative pressure wound therapy has become an important technology in the global field of wound care, and the development of this technology is inseparable from the development and application of negative pressure wound care products. Based on the characteristics of the negative pressure wound therapy products, this paper discusses the key contents that should be considered in the design and evaluation of the negative pressure wound protection products from the aspects of physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility, intended use and risk warning information, in order to provide reference for the development and technical review of such products.

Terapia de presión negativa como tratamiento alternativo en el manejo de una úlcera vascular arterial de miembros inferiores / Negative- pressure therapy as an alternative treatment for managing arterial vascular ulcer of the lower limbs

Resumen Objetivo: Reportar un caso sobre el uso de la terapia de presión negativa como tratamiento alternativo en el manejo de una úlcera vascular arterial de miembros inferiores. Métodos: Por medio de la historia clínica, se revisó los registros previos de una paciente en un centro de atención médica de tercer nivel en Popayán, Colombia. Posteriormente, se realizó una revisión sistemática bibliográfica a través de las bases de datos de Pubmed, ScienceDirect y Scielo. Resultados: La terapia de presión negativa favoreció el proceso de cicatrización, permitiendo el cierre de la herida. Conclusiones: Actualmente, este sistema se considera un apoyo fundamental en el tratamiento de las heridas complejas, las cuales suponen un reto terapéutico importante.

Abstract Objective: To report a case about the use of the Negative-pressure wound therapy as an alternative treatment for arterial vascular ulcers presented in the lower limbs. Methods: The patient's records were reviewed based on her medical history in a tertiary referral care center in Popayan, Colombia. Subsequently, a systematic literature review was conducted through the Pubmed database, ScienceDirect, and Scielo. Results: The use of Negative-pressure wound therapy favored the lesion healing process. Conclusions: Nowadays, this system is considered as an essential treatment for complex wounds, which represent a major therapeutic challenge.

Sternal wound complications: results of routine use of negative pressure wound therapy

Abstract Introduction: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has significantly improved outcomes in individuals with superficial and deep sternal wound dehiscence (SWD). We report our experience with NPWT to evaluate factors influencing effectiveness, duration of treatment and postoperative hospital stay. Methods: We reviewed 92 patients with postoperative SWD following a median sternotomy. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with a superficial SWD (Group 1; 72, 78%) and those with a deep SWD (Group 2; 20, 28%). Group 1 was further divided into 3 subgroups based on NPWT duration. Results: In both groups, none of the preoperative characteristics examined showed a significant association with longer NPWT duration. In Group 2, there was a trend for postoperative bleeding and neurological complications to be associated with longer treatment duration. In the entire series, staph infection resulted a weak predictor of NPWT duration. In each Group 1 subgroup and in Group 2, treatment days were compared with duration of hospitalization until discharge. Mean post-NPWT hospital stay was 6 days in subgroup 1, 12 days in subgroup 2 and 20 days in subgroup 3 (P<0.0001). At a median 3-year follow-up, there were 4 late deaths, none related to wound complications. No cases of SWD recurrence were observed. Conclusion: Our results confirm the effectiveness of NPWT in SWD management, while excessive treatment duration might have a negative impact on the length of hospital stay. Further studies are needed to define an optimal use of NPWT protocol.

Terapia de presión negativa en pediatría / Negative pressure therapy in pediatrics

Introducción. La terapia de presión negativa es un recurso utilizado cada vez con mayor frecuencia en el manejo de heridas complejas en pediatría. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la experiencia con esta terapia en diferentes situaciones clínicas. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en un grupo de pacientes pediátricos en quienes se utilizó la terapia de presión negativa entre el año 2010 y el 2015. Se analizaron las variables sociodemográficas, los diagnósticos que indicaron la terapia, el tiempo de uso, sus complicaciones y la mortalidad. Resultados. Se incluyeron 41 pacientes. La terapia se indicó en 39 casos con heridas localizadas en el abdomen, en uno con infección de los tejidos blandos perianales y en otro con una herida de esternotomía infectada. De las heridas abdominales, 14 fueron por complicaciones relacionadas con apendicitis aguda, 6 por enfermedades relacionadas con megacolon, 5 por obstrucción intestinal, 4 para el manejo de fístulas, 4 por enterocolitis necrosante del recién nacido, 3 por pancreatitis aguda y 3 por otras causas. El tiempo promedio de uso de la terapia fue de 7 días. Se presentaron fallas en el sistema de vacío en dos pacientes, pero no hubo complicaciones por el uso de la terapia. Dos pacientes fallecieron por complicaciones relacionadas con su enfermedad de base. Conclusión. La terapia de presión negativa es un recurso efectivo en el manejo de heridas complejas en la población pediátrica

Introduction. Negative pressure therapy is an increasingly used resource in the management of complex wounds in pediatrics. The objective of this study was to describe the experience with this therapy in different clinical situations. Methods. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in a group of pediatric patients who received negative pressure therapy between 2010 and 2015. We analyzed the sociodemographic variables, the diagnoses that indi-cated the therapy, the time of use of the therapy, complications and mortality. Results. A total of 41 patients were included. Therapy was indicated in 39 cases with wounds located in the ab-domen, in one with infection of the perianal soft tissues, and in another with an infected sternotomy wound. Of the abdominal wounds, 14 were due to complications related to acute appendicitis, six due to diseases related to megacolon, five due to intestinal obstruction, four for the management of fistulas, four due to necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn, three due to acute pancreatitis, and three due to other causes. The average time of use of the therapy was 7 days. Vacuum system failures occurred in two patients, but there were no complications from the use of therapy. Two patients died of complications related to their underlying disease.Conclusion. Negative pressure therapy is an effective resource in the management of complex wounds in the pediatric population

Review of current concept in the management of pressure ulcers

Pressure ulcers are quite distressing, and they cut across all age groups. Aside from increasingmortality, it results in protracted hospital stay and an upsurge in the consumption of healthcare resourcesPressure ulcers are considered to be essentially preventable, but in order to prevent them it is important to identify the people most at risk and deliver timely preventative care. In case of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as in coronavirus dis­ease 2019 (COVID-19) affected patients, prone position and invasive ventilation improve the clinical status of this group of patients. This form of therapy is associated with an increased risk of facial pressure ulcers. When pressure ulcer occurs, appropriate documentation of each ulcer and staging of the ulcer are essential for good wound assessment.Treatment involves, assessing the nutritional needs of the patient, management of infections, removal of necrotic tissue, maintenance of a moist environment for wound healing, and possibly surgery

Terapia por pressão negativa em lesões por queimadura elétrica no paciente pediátrico / Negative pressure therapy in injuries for electrical burns in pediatric patients

OBJETIVOS: Relatar o uso da Terapia por Pressão Negativa (TPN) em um paciente pediátrico vítima de queimadura elétrica e fornecer subsídios fundamentais para o melhor tratamento, possibilitando, assim, que outros pacientes se beneficiem com esta terapêutica. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um relato de caso único que avaliou o uso da TPN em um paciente pediátrico. Os dados foram coletados por meio das anotações do prontuário eletrônico do paciente. RESULTADOS: Pode-se considerar que a conduta inicial de uma equipe multidisciplinar foi fundamental para o prognóstico do paciente. Além disso, o membro superior direito acometido pela queimadura elétrica apresentou resultados satisfatórios e significativos quando instituída a TPN. CONCLUSÃO: O relato de caso revelou que a TPN foi imprescindível para a recuperação da lesão do paciente pediátrico, sendo uma alternativa confortável para crianças vítimas de queimaduras, além de permitir a aderência das enxertias de pele e a cicatrização mais rápida das lesões.

OBJECTIVES: To report the use of Negative Pressure Therapy (NPT) in a pediatric patient suffering from electric burn and provide fundamental subsidies for the best treatment, thus allowing other patients to benefit from this therapy. METHODS: This is a single case report that evaluated the use of NPT in a pediatric patient. The data were collected through the patients electronic medical records. RESULTS: The initial management of a multidisciplinary team could be considered as fundamental for the patients prognosis. In addition, the right upper limb affected by electric burn presented satisfactory and significant results when NPT was instituted. CONCLUSION: The case report revealed that NPT was essential for recovery of the pediatric patients lesion, being a comfortable alternative for children who are victims of burns, besides allowing the adhesion of the skin grafts and the faster healing of the lesions.

Negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of surgical site infection in cardiac surgery / Terapia de presión negativa en el tratamiento de la infección del sitio quirúrgico en la cirugía de corazón / Terapia por pressão negativa no tratamento de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em cirurgia cardíaca

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the relationship between epidemiological and clinical characteristics of postoperative cardiac surgery patients undergoing negative pressure wound therapy for the treatment of surgical site infection. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional analytical study including a convenience sample consisting of medical records of patients undergoing sternal cardiac surgery with surgical site infection diagnosed in medical records treated by negative pressure wound therapy. Results: medical records of 117 patients, mainly submitted to myocardial revascularization surgery and with deep incisional surgical site infection (88; 75.2%). Negative pressure wound therapy was used on mean for 16 (±9.5) days/patient; 1.7% had complications associated with therapy and 53.8% had discomfort, especially pain (93.6%). The duration of therapy was related to the severity of SSI (p=0.010) and the number of exchanges performed (p=0.045). Conclusions: negative pressure wound therapy has few complications, but with discomfort to patients.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir la relación entre las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes con cirugía cardíaca postoperatoria sometidos a terapia de presión negativa para el tratamiento de la infección del sitio quirúrgico. Métodos: estudio analítico observacional transversal que incluye una muestra de conveniencia que consiste en registros médicos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca esternal con infección del sitio quirúrgico diagnosticada en registros médicos tratados con terapia de presión negativa. Resultados: se incluyeron registros médicos de 117 pacientes, que se sometieron principalmente a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica e infección del sitio quirúrgico incisional profundo (88; 75.2%). La terapia de presión negativa se usó en promedio durante 16 (± 9.5) días/paciente; El 1.7% tuvo complicaciones asociadas con la terapia y el 53.8% tuvo molestias, especialmente dolor (93.6%). La duración de la terapia se relacionó con la gravedad de SSI (p=0.010) y el número de intercambios realizados (p=0.045). Conclusiones: la terapia de presión negativa presenta pocas complicaciones, pero con molestias para los pacientes.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever as relações entre as características epidemiológicas e clínicas de pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca submetidos à terapia por pressão negativa para o tratamento de infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal analítico, incluindo uma amostra por conveniência composta por prontuários de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca esternal com infecção do sítio cirúrgico diagnosticada em prontuário, tratada pela terapia por pressão negativa. Resultados: foram incluídos prontuários de 117 pacientes, submetidos principalmente à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio e com infecção do sítio cirúrgico incisional profunda (88; 75.2%). A terapia por pressão negativa foi utilizada em média por 16 (±9.5) dias/paciente; 1.7% tiveram complicações associadas à terapia e 53.8% apresentaram desconforto, principalmente dor (93.6%). O tempo de uso da terapia esteve relacionado à gravidade da ISC (p=0.010) e à quantidade de trocas realizadas (p=0.045). Conclusões: a terapia por pressão negativa apresenta poucas complicações, porém com desconforto aos pacientes.

Treatment of acute infection around prosthesis with vacuum sealing drainage and sensitive antibiotics / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the therapeutic effects of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) combined with antibiotics in treating acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).@*METHODS@#From March 2012 to December 2018, there were 11 patients with acute PJI underwent debridement, VSD, antibiotics and retention of implant, including 7 males and 4 females, with an average age of 72.5 years old (ranged, 58 to 88 years old). There were 8 hips and 3 knees. Three patients had sinus tract.@*RESULTS@#There were 2 patients with negative culture result and 9 patients with positive culture result, including 5 cases of methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 2 cases of staphylococcus epidermidis. The mean follow up duration was 28 months (ranged from 8 to 52 months). One case of infection around hip prosthesis failed to be debrided. The time of debridement and replacement of the calcar joint was 84 days. Debridement was successful in 10 cases. At the latest follow up, Harris score of patients with successful debridement of hip periprosthetic infection ranged from 74 to 93, with an average score of 84.1;Knee Society scores of patients with periprosthetic infection were 84, 84, 89.@*CONCLUSION@#For acute infection around the prosthesis within 1 month after knee replacement and 6 weeks after hip replacement, and for bleeding around the prosthesis with acute infection caused by anticoagulant drugs, satisfactory results can be obtained by debridement, VSD and sensitive antibiotics.

VSD technique combined with Ointment for the treatment of foot skin defects / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique and Ointment in the treatment of foot skin defect.@*METHODS@#From November 2017 to April 2019, 21 patients (21 feet) with foot skin defect were treated with VSD technique and Ointment. There were 17 males and 4 females, aged from 24 to 60 years old with an average of (37.8±11.2) years, 9 cases caused by traffic accident injury, 6 cases by heavy injury, 6 cases by falling injury. The time from injury to operation was for 3 to 36 (8.6±7.2) h, and the area of foot skin defect was for 20.35 to 83.43(47.2±19.5) cm. All patients underwent debridement or phaseⅠtemporary fixation in emergency, and three-dimensional imagingof the foot was performed by using Mimics software, and the defect area was rendered. The quality of wound healing and complications were observed, and the clinical effect was evaluated by Maryland foot function score.@*RESULTS@#All the 21 patients were followed up for 7 to 17 (10.8±2.7) months. There was no infection or nonunion in all patients. At the final follow-up, the skin margin of the healing site grew tightly, the skin was elastic, the texture was tough, the appearance was no obvious carbuncle. The time of wound healing was for 18 to 63 (41.2±13.3) days. Eight patients underwent stageⅡfixation or/and fusion, and all incisions healed by stageⅠ. According to Maryland's foot scoring, 9 cases got excellent results, 11 good, and 1 middle.@*CONCLUSION@#VSD can effectively remove the necrotic tissue of the wound, provide a smooth drainage of the wound, combine with Ointment to prevent infection and promote the rapid growth of granulation tissue, whose whole treatment cycle was short, the wound healing site was highquality, the limb function was good, and the clinical effect was satisfactory.

Cefazolin sodium pentahydrate combined with vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of open fracture complicated with soft tissue injury

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy of cefazolin sodium pentahydrate combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in the treatment of open fracture complicated with soft tissue injury. METHODS Sixty-three patients with open fracture complicated with soft tissue injury were divided into observation (n = 33) and control (n = 30) groups. After surgical reduction, fixation, and repair of the fractures, the control group was treated with VSD for 10 days, and the observation group was treated with cefazolin sodium pentahydrate based on VSD for 10 days. The infection control time was recorded. After treatment, the pain of patients was evaluated. Before and after treatment, the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose were detected. After 6 months of treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment was evaluated. RESULTS The infection control time and Visual Analogue Scale score after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than in the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). After the treatment, the serum levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose in each group were significantly lower than before the treatment (P < 0.05), and each index in observation was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the treatment of open fractures complicated with soft tissue injury, cefazolin sodium pentahydrate combined with VSD can effectively reduce inflammation and stress, thus improving the treatment efficacy.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar a eficácia clínica do cefazolin penta-hidrato de sódio combinado com drenagem por vedação a vácuo (VSD) no tratamento da fratura exposta complicada com lesão nos tecidos moles. MÉTODOS Sessenta e três doentes com fratura exposta complicada com lesões nos tecidos moles foram divididos em grupos de observação (n=33) e controle (n=30). Após redução cirúrgica, fixação e reparação da fratura, o grupo de controle foi tratado com VSD durante dez dias e o grupo de observação foi tratado com cefazolina penta-hidrato de sódio com base no VSD durante dez dias. O tempo de controle de infecção foi gravado. Após o tratamento, a dor dos doentes foi avaliada. Antes e após o tratamento, foram detectados os níveis séricos de proteína C-reativa (CRP), interleucina (IL)-6, IL -8, fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α), cortisol, epinefrina, norepinefrina e glicose. Após seis meses de tratamento, a taxa efetiva total de tratamento foi avaliada. RESULTADOS O tempo de controle da infecção e a pontuação da Escala Visual Analógica após o tratamento no grupo de observação foram significativamente inferiores ao do grupo de controle, respectivamente (P<0,05). Após o tratamento, os níveis séricos de CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, cortisol, epinefrina, norepinefrina e glicose em cada grupo foram significativamente menores do que antes do tratamento, respectivamente (P<0,05), e cada índice de observação foi significativamente inferior ao do grupo de controle (P<0,05). CONCLUSÃO No tratamento da fratura exposta complicada com lesões nos tecidos moles, o cefazolin penta-hidrato de sódio combinado com VSD pode efetivamente reduzir a inflamação e o estresse, melhorando assim a eficácia do tratamento.

Laparotomía abreviada y terapia de presión negativa para el cierre temporal del abdomen como tratamiento de la peritonitis diverticular Hinchey III/IV / Abbreviated laparotomy and negative pressure therapy for temporary closure of the abdomen as treatment of diverticular peritonitis Hinchey III/IV

Introducción: Los pacientes que se presentan con cuadros de peritonitis de origen diverticular (estadios Hinchey III o IV) en un contexto de sepsis severa con inestabilidad hemodinámica (shock séptico) la realización de anastomosis primaria presenta una alta tasa de dehiscencia anastomótica y mortalidad operatoria, aconsejándose la realización de una resección y abocamiento a la manera de Hartmann. Sin embargo, la alta tasa de complicaciones relacionadas a la confección del ostoma, la complejidad de la cirugía de restauración del tránsito intestinal, asociado a que entre el 40 % y el 60 % de los Hartmann no se reconstruyen, ha estimulado a que se intenten otras variables de resolución para esta compleja y grave patología. Diversas publicaciones en los últimos años han propuesto la táctica de "cirugía del control del daño" con el objeto de disminuir la morbimortalidad de estos gravísimos cuadros sépticos y a su vez reducir la tasa de ostomías. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia inicial con esta modalidad de manejo de la peritonitis diverticular Hinchey III/IV sepsis severa e inestabilidad hemodinámica (shock séptico) y realizar una revisión bibliográfica del tema. Material y método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de series de casos. Entre noviembre de 2015 y diciembre de 2016. Servicio de coloproctología del complejo médico hospitalario Churruca-Visca de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y práctica privada de los autores. Se utilizó la técnica de laparotomía abreviada y cierre temporal del abdomen mediante un sistema de presión negativa. Resultados: En el periodo descripto se operaron 17 pacientes con peritonitis generalizada purulenta o fecal de origen diverticular. Catorce casos fueron Hinchey III (82,36%) y 3 casos Hinchey IV (17,64%). En 3 casos se observó inestabilidad hemodinámica en el preoperatorio o intraoperatorio. Todos ellos correspondientes al estadio IV de Hinchey. Se describen los 3 casos tratados mediante esta táctica quirúrgica. Discusión: La alta tasa de morbimortalidad de este subgrupo de pacientes incentivó a diversos grupos quirúrgicos a implementar la técnica de control del daño, permitiendo de esta manera estabilizar a los pacientes hemodinámicamente y en un segundo tiempo evaluar la reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal. En concordancia con estas publicaciones, dos de nuestros pacientes operados con esta estrategia, pudieron ser anastomosados luego del segundo lavado abdominal. Conclusión: En pacientes con peritonitis diverticular severa asociado a shock séptico el concepto de laparotomía abreviada con control inicial del foco séptico, cierre temporal del abdomen con sistema de presión negativa y posterior evaluación de la reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal, es muy alentador. Permitiendo una disminución de la morbimortalidad como así también del número de ostomías. (AU)

Introduction: Patients presenting with diverticular peritonitis (Hinchey III or IV stages) in a context of severe sepsis with hemodynamic instability (septic shock), performing primary anastomosis has a high rate of dehiscence anastomotic and operative mortality, advising the realization of a resection and ostoma in the manner of Hartmann. However, the high rate of complications related to performing of ostoma, the complexity of intestinal transit restoration surgery, associated with the 40% to 60% of Hartmann reversal not performed, has encouraged other variables to be attempted resolution for this complex and serious pathology. Several publications in recent years have proposed the tactic of "damage control surgery" in order to reduce the morbidity of these serious septic charts while reducing the rate of ostomies. The objective of this study is to present our initial experience with this modality of management of the diverticular peritonitis Hinchey III/IV severe sepsis and hemodynamic instability (septic shock) and to carry out a bibliographic review of the subject. Material and method: Observational, descriptive study of case series. Between November 2015 and December 2016. Coloproctology service of the Churruca-Visca hospital medical complex in the city of Buenos Aires and private practice of the authors. The technique of abbreviated laparotomy and temporary closure of the abdomen was used by a negative pressure system. Results: In the period described, 17 patients with generalized purulent or fecal peritonitis of diverticular origin were operated. Fourteen cases were Hinchey III (82.36%) and 3 cases Hinchey IV (17.64%).In 3 cases, hemodynamic instability was observed in the preoperative or intraoperative period. all of them corresponding to Hinchey's Stage IV. The 3 cases treated using this surgical tactic are described. Discussion: The high morbidity rate of this subgroup of patients encouraged various surgical groups to implement the damage control technique, thus allowing patients to stabilize hemodynamically and in a second time evaluate reconstruction intestinal transit. In line with these publications, two of our patients operated on with this strategy could be anastomosated after the second abdominal wash. Conclusion: In patients with severe diverticular peritonitis associated with septic shock, the concept of abbreviated laparotomy with initial control of the septic focus, temporary closure of the abdomen with negative pressure system and subsequent evaluation of transit reconstruction intestinal, it's encouraging. Allowing a decrease in morbidity as well as the number of ostomies. (AU)

Modification of the negative pressure therapy technique for treatment of wound infection after spinal surgery / Modificação da técnica de terapia de pressão negativa para tratamento de infecção de ferida depois de cirurgia de coluna / Modificación de la técnica de terapia de presión negativa para tratamiento de infección de la herida después de cirugía de columna

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the indications and contraindications of negative pressure assisted wound therapy as well as a modification to the negative pressure technique that has been shown to shorten the number of changes of dressings and hospital stay with the early closure of the wound. Methods A review of the existing literature in the databases OVID, PubMed, Cochrane and Medigraphic was carried out in relation to the pressure-assisted closure of wounds. This is a non-invasive and active healing system that uses localized and controlled negative pressure, which consists of a specialized dressing that includes reticulated foam that removes the exudates through a tube to an airtight container. This set forms microdeformations in the wound bed, which are known to cause an important increase in fibroblastic migration and consequently of higher quality tissue, granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis. Results It was found that this method shortens the number of days of hospital stay. The technique describes the primary closure of the wound after intense cleansing and debridement of the non-viable tissue and signs of infection. Conclusions Negative pressure wound therapy is effective for the treatment of deep infections in postsurgical spinal wound, with average time of use of 1 to 4 weeks in the most severe cases. Level of evidence IV; Case Series.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as indicações e contraindicações da terapia de cicatrização assistida pela pressão negativa, assim como uma modificação nessa técnica, que demonstrou diminuir o número de recargas de curativos e de internação hospitalar, por meio da manipulação do fechamento precoce de feridas. Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, em bases de dados da OVID, PubMed, Cochrane e Medigraphic, sobre a terapia de cicatrização assistida pela pressão negativa. Este é um sistema ativo de cura não invasivo utilizando pressão negativa controlada e localizada, que consiste em um curativo especializado, com a inclusão de uma espuma reticulada que conduz, através de um tubo de exsudado, a um recipiente hermético, formando micro deformações no leito da ferida. A técnica tem provado ser uma importante causa do aumento da migração fibroblástica e, consequentemente, de tecido de qualidade mais elevada, junto com a formação de tecido de granulação e angiogénese. Resultados Em relação à técnica, descreve-se as etapas como forma de fechamento primário da ferida após limpeza intensa, desbridamento da área não viável e das características infecciosas. Além disso, o uso da técnica demonstrou diminuir o número de dias de internação hospitalar. Conclusão Este método de pressão negativa é eficaz para o tratamento de infecções pós-cirúrgicas profundas da coluna vertebral, sendo usado, em média, de um a quatro semanas nos casos mais graves. Nível de evidência IV; Série de Casos.

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir las indicaciones y contraindicaciones de la terapia de cicatrización de heridas asistida por presión negativa, así como una modificación a la técnica de presión negativa que ha demostrado acortar el número de recambio de apósitos y la estancia hospitalaria con el cierre temprano de la herida. Métodos Se realizó una revisión de la literatura existente en las bases de datos OVID, PubMed, Cochrane y Medigraphic en relación a la terapia de cicatrización de heridas asistida por presión negativa. Es un sistema de cicatrización no invasivo y activo que utiliza presión negativa localizada y controlada, que consiste de un apósito especializado que incluye esponja reticulada que elimina los exudados a través de un tubo a un recipiente hermético. Este conjunto forma micro deformaciones en el lecho de la herida, que se sabe que causan aumento importante de la migración fibroblástica y, por consiguiente, tejido de mayor calidad, formación de tejido de granulación y angiogénesis. Resultados Se constató que este método acorta el número de días de estancia hospitalaria. La técnica describe el cierre primario de la herida después de limpieza intensa y desbridamiento del tejido no viable y de los signos de infección. Conclusiones La terapia de heridas por presión negativa es eficaz para el tratamiento de las infecciones profundas de heridas en el postoperatorio de la columna vertebral, con un tiempo promedio de uso de 1 a 4 semanas en los casos más severos. Nivel de evidencia IV, Serie de Casos.