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1.
San Salvador; MINSAL; ago. 18, 2023. 100 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Non-conventional in Spanish | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1451591

ABSTRACT

El Ministerio de Salud, en el contexto de la Política Nacional de Apoyo al Desarrollo Infantil Temprano "Crecer Juntos" y en consonancia con la reciente Ley Nacer con Cariño para un Parto Respetado y un Cuidado Cariñoso y Sensible para el Recién Nacido, emanada desde el Despacho de La primera dama, decide implementar estrategias para disminuir la morbimortalidad, incluyendo el abordaje de aquellas situaciones o condiciones que afecten el neurodesarrollo en los niños y niñas. En este sentido, se ha tomado a bien, ampliar el tamizaje metabólico neonatal para incluir la detección de los errores congénitos del metabolismo más frecuentes como son: hipotiroidismo congénito, fibrosis quística, fenilcetonuria, tirosinemia neonatal transitoria, enfermedad de jarabe de arce e hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita. Por lo anterior, los presentes lineamientos técnicos de tamizaje metabólico neonatal, describen las disposiciones para realizar la toma de muestra para la detección, confirmación diagnóstica, tratamiento oportuno, seguimiento, monitoreo y evaluación en los establecimientos del Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS)


The Ministry of Health, in the context of the National Early Childhood Development Support Policy "Growing Together" and in line with the recent Birth with Affection Act for Respected Childbirth and Caring and Sensitive Care for the Newborn, from the Office of the First Lady, decides to implement strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality, including addressing those situations or conditions that affect neurodevelopment in children. In this sense, we have taken good care to expand the neonatal metabolic screening to include the detection of the most frequent congenital errors of metabolism such as: congenital hypothyroidism, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria, transient neonatal tyrosinemia, maple syrup disease and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Therefore, the present technical guidelines for neonatal metabolic screening describe the arrangements for sampling for detection, diagnostic confirmation, timely treatment, monitoring, monitoring and evaluation in the National Integrated Health System


Subject(s)
Neonatal Screening , El Salvador
2.
Med. infant ; 30(2): 96-101, Junio 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1443406

ABSTRACT

La pesquisa neonatal de hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita se realiza mediante la determinación de 17 hidroxiprogesterona (17OHP) en gotas de sangre seca en papel de filtro. Los bebés prematuros presentan valores más elevados que los bebés de término, siendo de utilidad contar con límites de corte apropiados. Nuestro objetivo fue actualizar los valores de corte de 17OHP ajustados por edad gestacional para la metodología en uso a nivel nacional por las jurisdicciones asistidas por el "Programa Nacional de Fortalecimiento de la Detección Precoz de Enfermedades Congénitas". La 17OHP se determinó utilizando el kit comercial de enzimo-inmunoanálisis (ELISA competitivo), Elizen Neonatal 17OHP Screening (Zentech, Bélgica). Se obtuvieron límites de corte utilizando percentiles de la distribución de los valores de 17OHP para cada edad gestacional. La sensibilidad obtenida fue 100%, especificidad 98,76 %, tasa de falsos positivos 1,24 % y el valor predictivo positivo 1,12 %. Destacamos la importancia de disponer de límites de corte adecuados a la población. La armonización de los mismos permitirá resultados comparables entre los programas regionales de pesquisa neonatal (AU)


Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia is performed by the measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in dried blood spots on filter paper. Premature infants have higher values than full-term infants, and appropriate cutoff values are useful. Our aim was to update the cut-off values of 17OHP adjusted for gestational age for the methodology used at a national level in regions assisted by the "National Program for Strengthening the Early Detection of Congenital Diseases". 17OHP was determined using the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (competitive ELISA) kit, Elizen Newborn 17OHP Screening (Zentech, Belgium). Cut-off values were obtained using percentiles of the distribution of 17OHP values for each gestational age. Sensitivity was 100%, specificity 98.76%, false positive rate 1.24%, and positive predictive value 1.12%. It is important to have cut-off values that are adjusted to the population. Harmonization will allow for the comparison of results among regional newborn screening programs (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Predictive Value of Tests , Gestational Age , Neonatal Screening/methods , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/blood , 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone/blood
3.
ABCS health sci ; 48: e023205, 14 fev. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1414611

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Hearing impairment compromises the child's language development and learning process. Neonatal screening, diagnosis, and hearing intervention are actions that must be carried out for comprehensive hearing healthcare in childhood. OBJECTIVE: To assess access to children's hearing healthcare services and the factors that influence access. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 104 children who underwent neonatal hearing screening and were referred for diagnosis. The sources were the databases, where demographic, social, and variables related to the access and use of health services were collected. Percentage distribution of categorical variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion of continuous variables were performed. To assess the association of dependent and independent variables, the Chi-square test was used with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Only 56 (53.3%) of screened children attended hearing healthcare services. Of these, 41 went to the studied service, and 24 completed the diagnosis. Three children had hearing loss and were candidates for cochlear implants. The mean age at diagnosis was 211 days and the standard deviation was 155.9 days. The duration of diagnosis was 135 days and the standard deviation was 143.2 days. There was no statistical significance between access to health services and the distance of the service, age, and education of the mother. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of access to the service and completion of the diagnosis and children are not assisted at appropriate ages. The mother's age and education and distance to the service did not influence access to and use of the service.


INTRODUÇÃO: A deficiência auditiva compromete o desenvolvimento da linguagem e o processo de aprendizagem na criança. A triagem neonatal, o diagnóstico e a intervenção auditiva são ações que devem ser realizadas para a atenção integral à saúde auditiva na infância. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o acesso aos serviços de saúde auditiva infantil e os fatores que influenciam no acesso. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 104 crianças que realizaram a triagem auditiva neonatal e foram encaminhadas para diagnóstico. As fontes foram os bancos de dados, onde foram coletadas variáveis demográficas, sociais e relacionadas ao acesso e uso dos serviços de saúde. Foram realizadas a distribuição percentual das variáveis categóricas e medidas de tendência central e dispersão das variáveis contínuas. Para avaliar a associação das variáveis dependentes e independentes foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado com nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: Apenas 56 (53,3%) crianças compareceram, dessas 41 foram para o serviço estudado, 24 concluíram o diagnóstico e 3 apresentaram deficiência auditiva. A média de idade no diagnóstico foi de 211 dias, com desvio padrão de 155,9 dias e a duração do diagnóstico foi de 135 dias, com desvio padrão de 143,2 dias. Não houve significância estatística entre o acesso ao serviço de saúde e a distância, idade e escolaridade da mãe. CONCLUSÃO: Existe uma evasão no acesso ao serviço e na conclusão do diagnóstico e as crianças não são assistidas em idades oportunas. A idade e escolaridade da mãe e a distância não influenciaram no acesso e uso ao serviço.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child Health , Neonatal Screening , Social Determinants of Health , Health Services Accessibility , Hearing Loss , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Rev. APS ; 25(1): 222-235, 25/07/2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1393369

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conhecer as publicações científicas relacionadas à triagem neonatal biológica brasileira. Método: Revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Scielo, SCOPUS, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual. Descritores utilizados na busca: "Neonatal screening" AND Nursing AND Newborn. Critérios de inclusão: estudos sobre triagem neonatal brasileira, publicados entre 2016 e 2020, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, que respondessem à questão norteadora. Resultados: Selecionados oito artigos, os dados foram agrupadospor similaridades de conteúdo e organizados em três categorias: período de coleta do teste do pezinho, atuação da enfermagem na triagem neonatal e conhecimento dos pais sobre o teste do pezinho. Conclusão: A maioria dos artigos enfatiza o conhecimento de pais e profissionais de saúde sobre triagem neonatal. Foi possível perceber que desenvolver estratégias de educação em saúde e acompanhamento no pré-natal tiveram impacto positivo no conhecimento da família sobre o tema.


Objective: To learn about scientific publications related to Brazilian biological newborn screening. Method: Integrative review in the Scielo, SCOPUS, PubMed and Virtual Library databases. Descriptors used in the search: "Neonatal screening" AND Nursing AND Newborn. Inclusion criteria: studies on Brazilian neonatal screening, published between 2016 and 2020, in Portuguese, English or Spanish, which answered the guiding question. Results: Eight articles were selected, thedata were grouped by content similarities and organized into three categories: period of collection of the heel prick test, nursing performance in neonatal screening and knowledge about the heel prick test. Conclusion: Most articles emphasize the knowledge of parents and health professionals about neonatal screening. It was possible to realize that developing a health education strategy and prenatal care will have a positive impact on the family's knowledge of the topic.


Subject(s)
Neonatal Screening , Nursing , Triage
5.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 22(3): 593-599, July-Sept. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406674

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to verify the quality indicators of neonatal hearing screening programs, identify the most prevalent risk factors for hearing loss and analyze access to the Hearing Health Care Network. Methods: cross-sectional study using secondary data. The population are children born in public maternity hospitals from 2015 to 2019. Data collection was carried out in the database of programs and hearing health service. The absolute and relative frequencies of all variables collected and the median, the interquartile range and the Mann-Whitney test were calculated to analyze the access. Results: universality increased during the study period, but was not reached (71.9%; CI95%=70.4-73.3) and the referral rate for auditory diagnosis was within the recommended range (0.9%; CI95%=0.8-0.9). The most prevalent risk factors were congenital infections and heredity. There was an evasion of children to the hearing health service of 85.1% and the type of referral interfered with the age of the child at access. Eight children with hearing loss were diagnosed, in which seven had access to therapeutic interventions. Conclusions: hearing screening was not universal. Access to the Hearing Health Care Network presents high evasion and interventions were offered to children with hearing loss.


Resumo Objetivos: verificar os indicadores de qualidade dos programas de triagem auditiva neonatal, identificar os fatores de risco para deficiência auditiva mais prevalentes e analisar o acesso à Rede de Atenção à Saúde auditiva. Métodos: estudo transversal com uso de dados secundários. A população são as crianças nascidas em maternidades públicas no período 2015 a 2019. A coleta de dados foi realizada no banco de dados dos programas e do serviço de saúde auditiva. Foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas de todas as variáveis coletadas e a mediana, o intervalo interquartil e o teste de Mann-Whitney para analisar o acesso. Resultados: a universalidade aumentou no período estudado, porém não foi atingida (71,9%; IC95%=70,4-73,3) e o índice de encaminhamento para diagnóstico auditivo esteve dentro do recomendado (0,9%; IC95%=0,8-0,9). Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram: infecções congênitas e hereditariedade. Observou-se uma evasão de 85,1% das crianças ao serviço de saúde auditiva e o tipo de encaminhamento interferiu na idade da criança no acesso. Foram diagnosticadas oito crianças com perda auditiva, na qual sete tiveram acesso as intervenções terapêuticas. Conclusões: A triagem auditiva não foi universal. O acesso à Rede de Atenção à Saúde auditiva apresenta uma alta evasão e as intervenções foram ofertadas às crianças com perda auditiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Risk Factors , Neonatal Screening , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Health Services Accessibility , Hearing Loss , National Health Programs , Quality of Health Care , Brazil
6.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 22(2): 349-355, Apr.-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387180

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: although mortality and perinatal asphyxia in newborns have been considerably reduced, there are still deficiencies in screening and diagnosis methods for intrapartum fetal well being that aim to detect its early alterations. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to apply a methodology based on probability and entropy and confirm its capacity to detect normal and abnormal fetal cardiac dynamics from 20-minute cardiotocographic tracings. Methods: 80 cardiotocographic tracings of pregnant women in the last trimester were collected, of which the minimum and maximum fetal heart rate were evaluated every 10 seconds, as well as its repetitions along with their probability and the diagnostic S/k ratio. Finally, the statistical analysis was carried out to establish the diagnostic capacity of the method concerning the clinical evaluation and interpretation of the cardiotocographic tracing, taken as the Gold Standard. Results: it was confirmed that S/k ratio values differentiated normal from abnormal fetal cardiac dynamics with sensitivity and specificity values of 100% and a Kappa coefficient of 1. Conclusion: the applicability of a diagnostic mathematical method of cardiotocography was confirmed, which suggests its implementation in the clinical context to detect alterations in fetal well-being in 20 minutes.


Resumo Objetivos: aunque se ha logrado reducir considerablemente la mortalidad y asfixia perinatal en neonatos, aún hay deficiencias en los métodos de tamizaje y diagnóstico del bienestar fetal intraparto que detecten sus alteraciones tempranas. Por lo anterior, el propósito de esta investigación fue aplicar una metodología basada en la probabilidad y la entropía y confirmar su capacidad para diagnosticar la dinámica cardíaca fetal normal de la anormal a partir de trazados cardiotocográficos de 20 minutos. Métodos: se recolectaron 80 trazados cardiotocográficos de gestantes en el último trimestre, de los cuales se evaluaron frecuencia cardíaca fetal mínima y máxima cada 10 segundos al igual que sus repeticiones, su probabilidad y la proporción S/k diagnóstica. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis estadístico para establecer la capacidad diagnóstica del método con respecto a la interpretación el trazado cardiotocográfico y la evaluación clínica, tomadas como Gold Standard. Resultados: se confirmó que los valores de la proporción S/k diferenciaron las dinámicas cardíacas fetales normales de las anormales con valores de sensibilidad y especificidad del 100% y un coeficiente Kappa de 1. Conclusión: se confirmó la aplicabilidad de un método matemático diagnóstico de la cardiotocografía, lo cual sugiere que su implementación en la clínica para detectar alteraciones del bienestar fetal en 20 minutos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Heart Rate, Fetal , Cardiotocography/methods , Neonatal Screening , Perinatal Care , Entropy
7.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 87(3): 171-178, jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388735

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La violencia en la gestante está asociada a muchos factores del recién nacido, pero esto casi no se ha reportado en la altura geográfica. OBJETIVO: Determinar si existe asociación entre el maltrato en la gestante adolescente y su efecto en el peso del recién nacido en la altura geográfica peruana. MÉTODO: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se tomó la información de 855 gestantes. La variable exposición fue que hubieran sufrido violencia, lo cual se asoció al peso y otros datos del recién nacido en la ciudad de Huancayo, Perú. RESULTADOS: Según el análisis multivariado, hubo más riesgo de que el niño tuviera un peso inadecuado cuando hubo violencia física (riesgo relativo ajustado [RRa]: 1,42; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,01-2,00; p = 0,045), cuando se tuvo un parto pretérmino según Capurro (RRa: 4,90; IC95%: 2,85-8,45; p < 0,001), cuando hubo complicaciones en el parto (RRa: 2,11; IC95%: 1,25-3,61; p = 0,006) y si el abuso inició en el primer trimestre (RRa: 14,74; IC95%: 4,70-46,27; p < 0,001), el segundo (RRa: 18,72; IC95%: 5,78-60,63; p < 0,001) o el tercero (RRa: 18,87; IC95%: 4,71-75,60; p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Existe asociación entre sufrir violencia física durante la gestación y el bajo peso al nacer, y también se encontró asociación con otras variables.


INTRODUCTION: Violence in the pregnant woman is associated with many newborn factors, but this has hardly been reported in the geographical altitude. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between adolescent pregnancy abuse and its effect on newborn birth weight in high altitude Peru. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study. Information was taken from 855 pregnant women. The exposure variable was whether they had suffered gender-based violence, the exposure variable was that they had suffered violence, which was associated with the weight and other data of the newborn in Huancayo city, Peru. RESULTS: In the multivariatee analysis it was found that there was a higher risk of the child having an inadequate weight when there was physical violence (adjusted relative risk [RRa]: 1.42; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.01-2.00; p = 0.045), when there was a preterm birth according to Capurro (RRa: 4.90; 95% CI: 2.85-8.45; p < 0.001), when there were complications in childbirth (RRa: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.25-3.61; p = 0.006) and if the abuse started in the first trimester (RRa: 14.74; 95% CI: 4.70-46.27; p < 0.001), second (RRa: 18.72; 95% CI: 5.78-60.63; p < 0.001) or third (RRa: 18.87; 95% CI: 4.71-75.60; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between suffering physical violence during gestation and low birth weight, and association was also found with other variables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Child , Adolescent , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Birth Weight , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Violence Against Women , Peru , Sex Offenses , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Neonatal Screening , Pregnant Women , Altitude , Intimate Partner Violence/statistics & numerical data
9.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 22(1): 79-86, Jan.-Mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376213

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to compare the intrauterine and postnatal growth of preterm infants according to the Intergrowth-21st and Fenton curves. Methods: study carried out in a maternity hospital, reference in high-risk pregnancy, with preterm infants born in 2018 who were hospitalized in the neonatal units of the institution. Preterm newborns weighed at least twice after birth were included in the sample and those that were syndromic, malformed or presented fluid retention were excluded. Proportions and means were compared using Pearson's chi-square and Student's t tests for paired samples, respectively. The McNemar test was used to compare categorical variables and the Kappa test to verify the degree of agreement between birth weight classifications obtained by the curves. Results: one hundred and fifty three infants with a median gestational age of 34.4 weeks were included. The incidences of the categories of nutritional status at birth did not differ between the curves. There was perfect agreement between the curves, except when newborns born under 33 weeks of gestational age were evaluated, in which case the agreement was substantial. About 21% of the babies classified as small for gestational age (SGA) by Intergrowth-21st were adequate for gestational age (AGA) according to Fenton and, on average, 20% of cases that had postnatal growth restriction (PNGR) according to Fenton standards were categorized as adequate weight by Intergrowth-21st. Postnatal weight classifications obtained by the evaluated curves had perfect agreement. Conclusions: the differences in theclassifications found between the charts reveal the importance of choosing the growth curve for monitoring preterm infants since behaviors based on their diagnoses can impact the life of this population.


Resumo Objetivos: comparar o crescimento intrauterino e pós-natal de prematuros segundo as curvas de Intergrowth-21st e Fenton. Métodos: estudo realizado em uma maternidade de referência em gestação de alto risco com prematuros nascidos em 2018 que ficaram internados nas unidades neonatais da instituição. Foram incluídos os pré-termos pesados em pelo menos dois momentos após o nascimento e excluídos aqueles sindrômicos, malformados ou com retenção hídrica. As proporções e médias foram comparadas a partir dos testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e t de student para amostras emparelhadas, respectivamente. Já o teste de McNemar foi utilizado para comparar as variáveis categóricas e teste Kappa para verificar o grau de concordância entre as classificações de peso ao nascer obtidos pelas curvas. Resultados: foram incluídos 153 lactentes com idade gestacional mediana de 34,4 semanas. As incidências das categorias de estado nutricional ao nascer não diferiram entre as curvas. Houve concordância perfeita entre as mesmas, exceto quando se avaliou os nascidos com menos de 33 semanas, onde a concordância foi substancial. Cerca de 21% dos bebês classificados como pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG) por Intergrowth-21st foram adequados para idade gestacional (AIG) segundo Fenton e, em média, 20% dos casos que tiveram restrição de crescimento pós-natal (RCPN) de acordo aos padrões de Fenton foram categorizados com peso adequado por Intergrowth-21st. As classificações de peso pós-natal obtidas pelas curvas avaliadas tiveram concordância perfeita. Conclusões: as diferenças de classificação encontradas revelam a importância da escolha da curva de crescimento para monitorização de prematuros visto que, condutas baseadas em seus diagnósticos, podem impactar na vida dessa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Postnatal Care , Birth Weight , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Nutritional Status , Neonatal Screening , Growth Charts , Fetal Growth Retardation , Tertiary Healthcare , Brazil , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Chi-Square Distribution , Gestational Age , Pregnancy, High-Risk , Observational Study
10.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; 21(supl.1): e20226610, 14 janeiro 2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1413326

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: determinar a acurácia da oximetria de pulso para triagem de cardiopatias congênitas em recém-nascidos. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma Revisão Sistemática de acurácia diagnóstica que considerará recém-nascidos prematuros, termo e pós-termo, sem diagnóstico prévio de cardiopatia congênita, nascidos em ambiente hospitalar ou domiciliar. A busca será realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE Complete (PubMed), CINAHL Complete, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, ProQuest Central e Trove. Sem delimitação de idioma ou período de publicação. As referências identificadas serão gerenciadas por meio do EndNote e, as duplicações excluídas. A seleção ocorrerá por dois revisores independentes. Os estudos serão avaliados criticamente por meio de uma lista de verificação para estudos de acurácia de testes diagnósticos. Detalhes sobre os testes de índice, populações, métodos de estudo e resultados significativos para a revisão, serão extraídos. Sempre que possível, a sensibilidade e a especificidade serão agrupadas em meta-análise estatística bivariada. Número de registro na plataforma PROSPERO: CRD42021256286


OBJECTIVE: to determine the accuracy of pulse oximetry for screening congenital heart defects in newborns. METHOD: this is a Systematic Review of diagnostic accuracy that will consider premature, term and post-term newborns, without previous diagnosis of congenital heart disease, born in a hospital or home environment. The search will be performed in MEDLINE Complete (PubMed), CINAHL Complete, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, ProQuest Central and Trove databases. No delimitation of language or period of publication. Identified references will be managed through EndNote, and duplicates will be excluded. The selection will take place by two independent reviewers. Studies will be critically evaluated using a checklist for diagnostic test accuracy studies. Details on index tests, populations, study methods, and significant results for the review will be extracted. Whenever possible, sensitivity and specificity will be pooled in bivariate statistical meta-analysis. Registration number on the PROSPERO platform: CRD42021256286


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Oximetry , Neonatal Screening , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
11.
San Salvador; MINSAL; ene. 31, 2022. 40 p. ilus, graf, mapas.
Non-conventional in Spanish | BISSAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1361736

ABSTRACT

Para dar cumplimiento a lo establecido en la Política Nacional de Apoyo al Desarrollo Infantil Temprano "Crecer Juntos", el Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS) da inicio a la implementación del tamizaje cardiaco como una estrategia costo efectiva que incidirá en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las cardiopatías congénitas en recién nacidos para su identificación temprana y referencia oportuna y pertinente. El presente documento es resultado de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica, que servirá para la capacitación de los recursos del SNIS, de igual manera como base para realizar las gestiones de compra del equipo idóneo; incorporando un cuidado cariñoso y sensible que se requiere para un desarrollo integral y con esto asegurar un mejor presente y un grandioso porvenir como un derecho de la niñez


To comply with the provisions of the National Policy to Support Early Childhood Development "Grow Together", the National Integrated Health System (SNIS) begins the implementation of cardiac screening as a cost-effective strategy that will affect diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease in newborns for their early identification and timely and pertinent reference. This document is the result of an exhaustive bibliographic review, which will serve for the training of SNIS resources, in the same way as a basis for carrying out the procedures for purchasing the ideal equipment; incorporating loving and sensitive care that is required for comprehensive development and thereby ensure a better present and a great future as a child's right


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Screening , Heart Defects, Congenital , Child Development , Diagnosis
12.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-928659

ABSTRACT

Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) includes autosomal recessive holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) deficiency and biotinidase (BTD) deficiency, which are caused by and gene mutations respectively. Neonatal screening for HLCS deficiency is based on 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine in dry blood filter paper, and BTD deficiency is based on BTD activity determination. HLCS deficiency and BTD deficiency are characterized by neurocutaneous syndrome and organic aciduria, however, they are different in onset age, neurological symptoms and metabolic decompensation, which needed to be differentiated from acquired biotin deficiency or other genetic metabolic diseases. The diagnosis of the disease requires a combination of biochemical characteristics of hematuria, enzyme activity determination and genetic test. Routine biotin doses are effective for most MCD patients. This consensus is intended to benefit early screening and diagnosis of MCD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Biotin/therapeutic use , Biotinidase Deficiency/therapy , Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/metabolism , Consensus , Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency/genetics , Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency/drug therapy , Neonatal Screening
13.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 32: 32209, 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1418948

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever o diagnóstico e manejo clínico da deficiência da 21-hidroxilase (D-21OH), no contexto atual de inclusão da doença nos programas de triagem neonatal, bem como características genéticas, fisiopatológicas e manifestações na infância e adolescência. Fonte de Dados: Revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS), Scopus, Web of Science nos últimos vinte anos, em língua inglesa e portuguesa; população-alvo: crianças da primeira infância à adolescência; com o uso dos termos "triagem neonatal", "hiperplasia adrenal congênita", "deficiência da 21-hidroxilase", "glucocorticoide" e "polimorfismos do gene NR3C1". Síntese de Dados: A hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) constitui um grupo de doenças caracterizadas por deficiências enzimáticas na esteroidogênese do córtex adrenal. A D-21OH é responsável por 95% dos casos e, se não tratada precocemente, pode levar ao óbito no período neonatal em sua forma clássica. A triagem neonatal para a HAC consiste na dosagem do precursor 17-hidroxiprogesterona (17OHP) no sangue de recém-nascidos, permitindo rápida confirmação diagnóstica e instituição da terapêutica. A implantação da triagem neonatal constitui um avanço, mas o controle dos pacientes pediátricos com D-21OH é complexo e deve ser sempre individualizado. Conclusão: A instituição dos programas de triagem neonatal para HAC tem trazido benefícios para o prognóstico das crianças com D-21OH. Seu manejo é multiprofissional, individualizado e ainda um desafio mesmo para o especialista. Ampla divulgação do conhecimento sobre a doença é desejável para permitir melhor condução dessas crianças, especialmente de meninas com a doença que apresentam genitália atípica.


Objective: To describe the diagnosis and clinical management of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OH-D), in the current context of including the disease in neonatal screening programs, as well as genetic, pathophysiological characteristics, and manifestations in childhood and adolescence. Data Source: Integrative review performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS), Scopus, Web of Science databases in the last twenty years, in English and Portuguese; target population: children from early childhood to adolescence; with the use of the terms "neonatal screening"; "congenital adrenal hyperplasia"; "21-hydroxylase deficiency"; "glucocorticoid"; "polymorphisms of the NR3C1 gene". Data Synthesis: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of diseases characterized by enzyme deficiencies in adrenal cortex steroidogenesis. 21OH-D is responsible for 95% of cases and, if not treated early, can lead to death in the neonatal period in its classic form. Neonatal screening for CAH consists of measuring the precursor 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in the blood of newborns, allowing rapid diagnostic confirmation and institution of therapy. The implementation of neonatal screening is an advance, but the control of pediatric patients with 21OH-D is complex and must always be individualized. Conclusion: The institution of newborn screening programs for CAH has benefits for the prognosis of children with 21OH-D. Its management is multi-professional, individualized and still a challenge even for the specialist. Wide dissemination of knowledge about the disease is desirable to allow better management of these children, especially girls with the disease who have atypical genitalia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Steroid 21-Hydroxylase/metabolism , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/therapy , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Neonatal Screening , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis , 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone/metabolism
14.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 27: e2643, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1393981

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivos Buscar na literatura informações quanto aos aspectos que guiam o monitoramento audiológico infantil, descrevendo os procedimentos utilizados, a idade em que são realizados, qual a população monitorada e os países que mais estudam sobre o assunto. Além de discutir a importância dessa etapa e a eficácia desses aspectos. Estratégia de pesquisa A revisão foi conduzida com base nas recomendações PRISMA e registrada na plataforma PROSPERO. Os estudos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline (Pubmed), Web of Science e SciELO, com os descritores hearing, neonatal screening e follow up. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos estudos que descrevessem o monitoramento audiológico. Não foram empregados filtros do ano de publicação, tampouco para os idiomas dos mesmos. Resultados Foram encontrados 432 artigos e 21 foram incluídos nesse estudo, sendo que a maioria foi produzida em países desenvolvidos. O Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico e a Avaliação Comportamental foram os procedimentos mais utilizados. Quanto a idade e população, a maioria realiza o monitoramento até os três anos e em crianças com Indicadores para a Deficiência Auditiva. Conclusão Os estudos demonstraram que não há padrão entre os protocolos para a realização do monitoramento audiológico, porém foi possível identificar que as pesquisas apresentam uma maior concordância quanto a idade em que tal monitoramento acontece e qual a população que deve ser monitorada. Entretanto, embora haja discordâncias, os métodos de avaliação utilizados pelos estudos são eficazes para a detecção de perdas auditiva de caráter leve, progressivo e/ou tardio, além dos casos de falso negativo.


ABSTRACT Purpose To search the literature for guidelines on infant's audiological monitoring, most commonly used procedures, the age at which they are performed, which population should be monitored and the countries that study the subject the most. Besides, the importance and effectiveness of these measures will be discussed. Research strategy The review was conducted based on the PRISMA recommendations, registered on the PROSPERO platform. The studies were searched for in the electronic databases Medline (Pubmed), Web of Science and SciELO, using the descriptors hearing, neonatal screening and follow up. Selection criteria studies reporting the audiological monitoring were included. No filters on year and language of publication were used. Results A total of 432 articles were found and 21 were included in this study, mostly produced in developed countries. The Auditory Brainstem Response and the Behavioral Assessment were the most frequently used procedures. As to age and population, most infants are subjected to audiological monitoring up to three years of age and have Risk Factors for Hearing Loss in their clinical history. Conclusion The studies pointed that there is no standard among the protocols for performing audiological monitoring, but it was possible to identify agreement as to the age at which such monitoring takes place and which population should be monitored. However, although there is some disagreement, the assessment methods used in the studies are effective in detecting mild, progressive and/or late hearing loss, in addition to false negative cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Audiology , Neonatal Screening , Hearing Loss/prevention & control , Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous , Risk Index
15.
Clin. biomed. res ; 42(3): 218-225, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1415205

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Dried blood spot (DBS) samples have been used for diagnostic purposes since their introduction in the neonatal screening of phenylketonuria almost 50 years ago. The range of its application has been extended to modern approaches, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) for molecular genetic testing. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a standardized organic method for DNA extraction from DBS samples in the diagnostic setting.Methods: The clinical applicability of the method was tested using 3 samples collected from a newborn screening project for lysosomal storage diseases, allowing the determination of the genotype of the individuals. DNA was extracted from 3 3-mm diameter DBS punches. Quality, purity, and concentration were determined, and method performance was assessed by standard polymerase chain reaction, restriction length polymorphism, Sanger sequencing, and targeted NGS.Results: Results were compared with the ones obtained from DNA samples extracted following the internally validated in-house extraction protocol that used 6 3-mm punches of DBS and samples extracted from whole blood.Conclusion: This organic method proved to be effective in obtaining high-quality DNA from DBS, being compatible with several downstream molecular applications, in addition to having a lower cost per sample


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Neonatal Screening , Sequence Analysis, DNA/statistics & numerical data , DNA/genetics , Dried Blood Spot Testing/statistics & numerical data
16.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 50(1): 51-57, 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1363384

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la hipoacusia neonatal (HN) constituye un problema de salud relevante por su alta frecuencia de presentación y los efectos que esta puede tener en el desarrollo mental y psicológico del paciente. El tamizaje auditivo neonatal (TAN) es fundamental para la identificación de pacientes en riesgo de HN. Objetivo: caracterización de los pacientes con resultados anormales en las pruebas de TAN en el Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael. Diseño: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Materiales y métodos: se identificaron características biológicas y clínicas en pacientes con emisiones otoacústicas o potenciales evocados auditivos anormales realizados entre 2018 y 2020. Los pacientes incluidos se dividieron en 2 grupos, según la presencia de los factores de riesgo para HN. Resultados: 9027 pacientes se tamizaron, 223 (24,7 %) tuvieron resultados anormales y 19 pacientes se excluyeron. En total, 204 pacientes se incluyeron, de los cuales 46 (22,5 %) fueron de alto riesgo (AR) y 158 (77,5 %) de bajo riesgo (BR). El TAN en pacientes BR se realizó antes del primer mes de vida en 78,5 % de los casos y en 21,4 % de los AR. Las características más frecuentes fueron la ventilación mecánica (45,6 %), la hospitalización en cuidados intensivos (43,5 %), la anormalidad craneofacial (15,2 %) y la hiperbilirrubinemia mayor de 20 mg/dL (10,8 %). Conclusiones: se deben optimizar los esfuerzos y recursos para realizar las pruebas de tamizaje auditivo antes del primer mes de vida al 100% de pacientes. Se deben realizar estudios complementarios para identificar los diagnósticos auditivos finales de los pacientes con resultados anormales, así como el tipo de tratamiento y la rehabilitación auditiva recibida.


Introduction: Neonatal hearing loss (NHL) is a relevant health problem due to its high incidence and the effects it may have both on the mental and psychological development of the patient. Neonatal hearing screening (NHS) is essential for the identification of patients at risk of NHL. Objective: To identify the characteristics of patients with abnormal NHS test results at the Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study. Materials and methods: Biological and clinical characteristics were identified in patients with abnormal otoacoustic emissions and/or auditory evoked potentials (AEP) performed between 2018 and 2020. Patients involved were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of risk factors for NHL. Results: 9027 patients were screened, 223 (24.7%) had abnormal results, but 19 patients were excluded. 204 patients were included in total, 46 (22.5%) of which were high risk (HR) and 158 (77.5%) were low risk (LR). NHS in LR patients was performed before the first month of life on 78.5% of cases and 21.4% of HR patients. The most frequent characteristics were mechanical ventilation (45.6%), intensive care unit admission (43.5%), craniofacial abnormality (15.2%) and hyperbilirubinemia greater than 20 mg/dL (10.8%). Conclusion: Efforts and resources should be optimized as means to perform hearing screening tests before the first month of life on 100% of patients. Complementary studies should be performed with the aim to identify the final auditory diagnoses of patients with abnormal results, as well as the type of treatment and auditory rehabilitation offered.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hearing Loss , Neonatal Screening , Evoked Potentials, Auditory
17.
Rev. APS ; 24(2): 311-320, 2021-11-05.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1359421

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Investigar a percepção das mães das crianças submetidas à triagem neonatal biológica. Métodos: Estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com mães de crianças triadas nas 16 Unidades Básicas de Saúde localizadas na sede do município de Sobral, Ceará, no ano de 2012. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú. Resultados: As mães possuíam conhecimento da importância do "teste do pezinho", porém apresentavam um conceito distorcido deste. Afirmaram que foram orientadas quanto à existência do teste no ciclo gravídico-puerperal, todavia, não houve orientação no momento da realização do procedimento. Ainda, consideraram algumas fragilidades no atendimento das unidades de saúde, contudo, mostraram-se satisfeitas. Conclusão: É fundamental a capacitação dos profissionais que realizam a triagem neonatal biológica, para que, dessa forma, promovam orientações satisfatórias a essas mães que levam seus filhos para realização do teste.


Objective: To investigate the perception of mothers on their children undergoing the heel prick blood test, a neonatal biological screening. Methods: Exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted with sixteen mothers screened in sixteen Family Health Units in the city of Sobral, in 2012. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at the Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú. Results: The mothers were aware of the importance of the heel prick blood test, however, they had a wrong concept about it. They stated that there was guidance about the test existence in the Pregnancy circle, but no guidance was provided during the procedure. They considered some weaknesses in the assistance in the Health Units, but, in the end, they showed satisfaction. Conclusion: The training of professionals who perform the neonatal biological screening is essential so that they promote satisfactory guidance to these mothers that take their children to undergo the test.


Subject(s)
Neonatal Screening , Mothers
18.
Distúrbios da comunicação ; 33(3): 416-427, set.2021. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1402337

ABSTRACT

Introdução: É imprescindível o diagnóstico audiológico até o terceiro mês de vida para que se possa iniciar uma intervenção precoce, permitindo que a criança desenvolva adequadamente a fala e a linguagem. Porém este processo enfrenta diversas barreiras que dificultam sua conclusão. Objetivo: Analisar o processo do diagnóstico audiológico em bebês que falharam na triagem auditiva neonatal, descrevendo a idade na realização da triagem e do diagnóstico, os motivos das evasões e faltas durante o processo, motivos para demora na finalização do diagnóstico, e os resultados audiológicos daqueles que finalizaram este processo. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, observacional, realizado em um Centro de Referência em Saúde Auditiva. Foram analisados os prontuários de 68 crianças que falharam na TAN, nas maternidades da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, e encaminhadas para o Centro de Referência, no período de janeiro a junho de 2019. Os dados foram analisados com base nos critérios de qualidade estabelecidos por comitês nacionais e internacionais. Resultados: O serviço teve adesão abaixo do esperado no diagnóstico audiológico (76,5%) e o contato com os que evadiram, via telefone, não foi eficiente (75%). O indicador de risco com maior ocorrência foi a permanência na UTI por mais de cinco dias (25%). Das crianças que permaneceram no processo, metade concluiu o diagnóstico, o restante não tinha encerrado (42,2%) ou evadiu do mesmo (7,7%). A maioria das crianças que finalizaram o diagnóstico, apresentavam alguma perda auditiva (65,4%). Conclusão: O critério de qualidade não foi alcançado no comparecimento ao diagnóstico, sendo abaixo dos 90% recomendáveis. Novas estratégias necessitam ser tomadas, diminuindo a evasão no diagnóstico audiológico, dentre elas, outras formas de contato com as famílias e a integração entre atenção básica e os serviços de referência em Saúde Auditiva.


Introduction: Hearing assessment is essential until the third month of life in order to enable early intervention, allowing the child's proper speech and language development. Nevertheless, this process faces several barriers that may delay its conclusion. Purpose: To investigate aspects in the hearing assessment process in infants who refers newborn hearing screening (NHS), describing the age at which screening and diagnosis were performed, the reasons for evasion or loss to follow up, and reasons for missing appointments during the process, reasons for delay in completing the diagnosis, and the audiological results of those who completed this process. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, and observational study that was carried out at a hearing health center in São Paulo. The study analyzed 68 medical records from children who referred NHS, born in São Paulo city maternity hospitals, and then referred to a hearing health center, from January to June 2019. Data were analyzed based on the quality criteria established by national and international committees. Results: There was an adherence lower than expected for hearing assessment (76.5%); contact with parents using mobile phones, after missing the appointments, was not efficient (75%). NICU stay for more than five days was the most common risk indicator (25%). Half of the children analyzed process completed the diagnosis, 42.2% of the children were still in the process, and 7.7% were lost in the process. Most of the children who completed the diagnosis had some type and degree of hearing loss (65.4%). Conclusion: Although NHS is being performed as expected in more than 95% of the newborns, hearing assessment is not being completed in more than 90% of the children who referred NHS. New strategies are needed in order to reduce loss to follow-up in the hearing assessment process.


Introducción: La evaluación después de hacer referencia a la detección auditiva del recién nacido es una parte esencial del proceso y el proceso de diagnóstico debe terminar en el tercer mes de vida, con el fin de iniciar la intervención temprana, lo que permite el mejor desarrollo del habla y el lenguaje posible. Este proceso enfrenta varias barreras que pueden retrasar el deseo de la línea de tiempo. Objetivo: Analizar el proceso del diagnóstico audiológico en los bebés que fallaron en la detección auditiva, describiendo la edad en la que se realizó la selección y el diagnóstico, los motivos de evasión y ausencias durante el proceso, los motivos de la demora en la realización del diagnóstico y los resultados audiológicos correspondientes quien completó este proceso. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional, realizado en un Centro de Referencia de Salud Auditiva. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de 68 niños que fallaron la detección auditiva en las maternidades de la Prefectura Municipal de São Paulo y se enviaron al Centro de Referencia, de enero a junio de 2019. Los datos se analizaron en base a los criterios de calidad establecidos por los comités nacionales e internacionales. Resultados: El servicio tuvo una adherencia por debajo de lo esperado en el diagnóstico audiológico (76,5%) y el contacto con los que escaparon, vía telefónica, no fue eficiente (75%). El indicador de riesgo con mayor ocurrencia fue la estancia en UCI por más de cinco días (25%). De los niños que permanecieron en el proceso, la mitad completó el diagnóstico, el resto no lo había terminado (42,2%) o lo había evadido (7,7%). La mayoría de los niños que completaron el diagnóstico tenían alguna pérdida auditiva (65,4%). Conclusión: No se alcanzó el criterio de calidad al momento de atender el diagnóstico, estando por debajo del 90% recomendado. Es necesario tomar nuevas estrategias, reduciendo la evasión en el diagnóstico audiológico, entre ellas, otras formas de contacto con las familias y la integración entre atención primaria y servicios de referencia en Salud Auditiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Neonatal Screening , Hearing Loss/diagnosis , Medical Records , Lost to Follow-Up , Hearing Tests
19.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(3): e193-e201, Junio 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1223310

ABSTRACT

Se describen como desafíos actuales en mucopolisacaridosis I la necesidad de una clasificación adecuada, vinculándola a las indicaciones terapéuticas; el diagnóstico temprano desde la pesquisa neonatal, sus ventajas y dificultades hasta la sospecha clínica de las formas grave y atenuada; el cuidado de la patología espinal y oftalmológica, desde el diagnóstico, el seguimiento y el tratamiento; las reacciones alérgicas por terapia de reemplazo enzimático, su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Por último, la transición hacia el cuidado adulto


Here we describe the current challenges of mucopolysaccharidosis type I: the need for an adequate classification, establishing its relationship to therapeutic indications; an early diagnosis, from neonatal screening, its advantages and barriers, to clinical suspicion of severe and attenuated forms; spinal and eye disease care, from diagnosis to follow-up and treatment; allergic reactions caused by enzyme replacement therapy, their diagnosis and treatment. And lastly, transition to adult care


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Mucopolysaccharidosis I/diagnosis , Mucopolysaccharidosis I/therapy , Neonatal Screening , Mucopolysaccharidosis I/classification , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/therapy , Transition to Adult Care , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity/therapy
20.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 41(2): 71-78, jun. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254499

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la atrofia muscular espinal (AME) es la primera causa de origen genético de muerte en la infancia. En los últimos 20 años han sido excepcionales los avances en el conocimiento de su base genética, de su historia natural y se han desarrollado estándares de cuidado y nuevas terapias. Este veloz aumento del conocimiento ha llevado al desarrollo de terapias eficaces para esta devastadora enfermedad, pero el tiempo son neuronas, y esa frase nos lleva a pensar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz y, por qué no, del diagnóstico presintomático mediante pesquisa neonatal. Métodos: revisión de la bibliografía disponible, a través de búsqueda en PubMed y Google para trabajos no indexados o publicaciones de organismos de Salud. Resultados: varios estudios clínicos han mostrado la mayor eficacia del tratamiento en pacientes presintomáticos, por lo que lograrlo en estos pacientes llevaría a cambiar radicalmente la historia de esta enfermedad. Conclusión: es importante analizar y promover el desarrollo de pilotos para pesquisa neonatal en vistas a lograr experiencia para, a partir de ello, pensar en la posibilidad de incorporarlo a programas nacionales. (AU)


Introduction: spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the first cause of genetic origin of death in childhood. Throughout the last 20 years, we have witnessed exceptional advances in the knowledge of its genetic base, the history of its nature and several standards of care and new therapies have been developed. This rapid increase in knowledge has led to the development of effective therapies for this devastating disease. However, time is neurons, and that phrase reminds us of the importance of early diagnosis, and, why not, of pre-symptomatic diagnosis by means of neonatal screening. Methods: review of scientific papers searching in Pubmed or Google for non-indexed articles or publications of Health organisms. Results: several clinical studies have shown the greatest effectiveness of treatment in pre-symptomatic patients, so achieving the same in these patients would result in radically changing the history of this disease. Discussion: it is important to analyze and promote the development of pilots for neonatal screening in order to gain experience, so from there on to be able to think about the possibility of incorporating it into national programs. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/genetics , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/therapy , Incidence , Natural History of Diseases , Early Diagnosis
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