Rastreamento clínico e nutricional de gestantes de alto risco na estratégia de saúde da família de Santa Quitéria - CE / Clinical and nutritional screening of high-risk pregnant women in the family health strategy of Santa Quitéria - CE / Cribado clínico y nutricional de las embarazadas de alto riesgo en la estrategia de salud familiar de Santa Quitéria - CE

Considera-se gestação de alto risco quando a mulher apresenta comorbidade materna e/ou condição sociobiológica que levam as chances de ocorrer alguma intercorrência na evolução natural da gravidez, como hipertensão arterial, diabetes, anemia, alcoolismo e obesidade. É de grande importância o acompanhamento pré-natal com uma equipe de assistência capaz de identificar os problemas antes mesmo que possam ser agravados. O objetivo deste estudo foi rastrear o perfil clínico e nutricional de mulheres com gestação de alto risco na Estratégia de Saúde da Família de Santa Quitéria- CE. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 33 gestantes. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o cartão da gestante e prontuário, o estado nutricional foi avaliado através do peso pré- gestacional contido no cartão e peso atual através da balança. Para análise estatística, foram usados frequências, percentuais, médias e desvio padrão, verificadas por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Levene. Para a comparação de médias entre duas categorias, utilizou-se o teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria tinha o ensino médio como nível de escolaridade, renda igual ou menor que um salário mínimo, multíparas com um ou mais abortos. Em relação às características do estado clínico patológico, as condições mais prevalentes nas gestantes do presente estudo foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, pré-eclâmpsia, seguidos de DMG e eritoblastose. Excesso de peso antes e durante a gravidez com ganho ponderal de peso adequado. O que demonstra a necessidade de estratégias para a saúde da mulher. É apropriado acionar sinal de alerta no acompanhamento da saúde da mulher também antes da gestação e não somente no pré-natal para que transcorra bem durante e após o parto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Estado nutricional; Gestação de alto risco; Assistência Pré-Natal.

High-risk pregnancy is considered when the woman presents maternal comorbidity and/or sociobiological condition that increase the chances of some complication occurring in the natural evolution of pregnancy, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, anemia, alcoholism, and obesity; It is of great importance the prenatal follow-up with an assistance team capable of identifying the problems even before they can be aggravated; The objective of this study was to track the clinical and nutritional profile of women with high-risk pregnancy in the Family Health Strategy of Santa Quitéria-CE; This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out with 33 pregnant women; For data collection the pregnant woman's card and medical records were used, the nutritional status was evaluated through the pre-gestational weight contained in the card and current weight through the scale; For statistical analysis, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation were used, verified by means of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests;For comparison of means between two categories, Student's t test for independent samples was used; The results showed that most had high school education, income equal to or less than one minimum wage, multiparous women with one or more abortions; Regarding the characteristics of the pathological medical condition, the most prevalent conditions in the pregnant women of the present study were hypertension, pre- eclampsia, followed by GDM and erythoblastosis; Overweight before and during pregnancy with adequate weight gain; This demonstrates the need for women's health strategies; It is appropriate to trigger warning signals in the monitoring of women's health also before pregnancy and not only in the prenatal period so that it goes well during and after delivery;

Se considera embarazo de alto riesgo cuando la mujer presenta comorbilidad materna y/o condición socio-biológica que conlleva las posibilidades de aparición de alguna complicación en la evolución natural del embarazo, como son la hipertensión, la diabetes, la anemia, el alcoholismo y la obesidad. Es de gran importancia el seguimiento prenatal con un equipo de asistencia capaz de identificar los problemas incluso antes de que puedan agravarse. El objetivo de este estudio fue rastrear el perfil clínico y nutricional de las mujeres con embarazo de alto riesgo en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar de Santa Quitéria-CE. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo realizado con 33 mujeres embarazadas. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizó el cartón de la gestante y el prontuario, el estado nutricional se evaluó a través del peso pregestacional contenido en el cartón y el peso actual a través de la balanza. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron frecuencias, porcentajes, medias y desviación estándar, verificados mediante las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Levene. Para la comparación de medias entre dos categorías, se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría tenía estudios secundarios, ingresos iguales o inferiores a un salario mínimo, mujeres multíparas con uno o más abortos. En cuanto a las características del estado clínico patológico, las condiciones más prevalentes en las embarazadas del presente estudio fueron la hipertensión arterial sistémica, la preeclampsia, seguidas de la DMG y la eritoblastosis. Exceso de peso antes y durante el embarazo con un aumento de peso adecuado. Lo que demuestra la necesidad de estrategias de salud para las mujeres. Es conveniente activar la señal de alarma en el seguimiento de la salud de las mujeres también antes del embarazo y no sólo en la atención prenatal para que funcione bien durante y después del parto.

Principales Estrategias de Intervención Nutricional realizadas en Chile en el decenio 2010-2020: avances y desafíos / Main Nutritional Intervention Strategies carried out in Chile in the 2010-2020 decade: progress and challenges

La alta prevalencia de obesidad en Chile, y su tendencia al aumento, constituye un problema de Salud Pública por su asociación con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Durante la década 2010-2020, el estado de Chile implementó estrategias de intervención nutricional dirigidas a mantener o disminuir la prevalencia de obesidad. Regulaciones como la ley 20.606 sobre composición nutricional de los alimentos y su publicidad para modificar los entornos alimentarios, sistema elige vivir sano como modelo de gestión intersectorial constituido por políticas, planes y programas elaborados y ejecutados por distintos organismos del Estado, destinados a contribuir a generar hábitos y estilos de vida saludable y a prevenir y disminuir los factores y conductas de riesgo asociados a las enfermedades no transmisibles. A pesar de todos los esfuerzos, las encuestas poblacionales han demostrado que la obesidad continúa en aumento a lo largo del ciclo vital, por lo que es necesario fortalecer las estrategias existentes, pero con enfoque de determinantes sociales y de salud en todas las políticas, y a su vez mejorar los sistemas de evaluación de las estrategias implementadas en la población, midiendo su impacto además de su ejecución.

The high prevalence of obesity in Chile, and its increasing trend, constitutes a Public Health problem due to its association with chronic non-communicable diseases. During the 2010-2020 decade, the state of Chile implemented nutritional intervention strategies aimed at maintaining or reducing the prevalence of obesity. Regulations such as Law 20.606 on the nutritional composition of food and its advertising to modify food environments, Sistema chooses to live healthy System "EVS" Choose Healthy lifestyles as an intersectoral management model made up of policies, plans and programs prepared and executed by different State agencies, intended to contribute to healthy habits and lifestyles and to prevent and reduce risk factors and behaviors associated with non-communicable diseases. Despite all efforts, population surveys have shown that obesity continues to increase throughout the life cycle, which is why it is necessary to strengthen existing strategies, but with a focus on social and health determinants in all policies, since in turn, improve the evaluation systems of the strategies implemented in the population, measuring their impact, in addition to their implementation.

Evaluación del estado nutricional y estilo de vida en universitarias de Nutrición y Dietética de México y Colombia / Assessment of Nutritional Status and Lifestyle in Nutrition and Dietetics university students from Mexico and Colombia

Introducción: Ingresar a la universidad implica múltiples cambios que repercuten en el estado nutricional y pueden condicionar la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles al futuro. Objetivo: Comparar el estado nutricional de las estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética de México y Colombia mediante mediciones antropométricas y el consumo de alimentos. Material y Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, multidimensional de tipo transversal; con un tamaño de la muestra de 583 estudiantes elegidos aleatoriamente en centros universitarios de Colombia y México. Se aplicó una encuesta que indagó sobre el consumo de alimentos y el estilo de vida de las estudiantes, la toma de datos antropométricos se realizó de manera presencial mediante la técnica The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Se emplearon las técnicas estadísticas: test de comparación de proporciones, MANOVA y distribuciones de frecuencias. Resultados: Se presentó mayor carga genética para diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, cáncer y obesidad en las estudiantes mexicanas; quienes reportaron más sobrepeso y enfermedades gastrointestinales. El consumo frecuente de queso entero, huevo, grasas saturadas y poliinsaturadas, azúcares y dulces, y productos fritos fue mayor en las colombianas; mientras que el consumo de queso bajo en grasa, leguminosas y mezclas vegetales, grasas monoinsaturadas, salsas, frutas, verduras y hortalizas, nueces y semillas, enlatados y bebidas alcohólicas, fue superior en las mexicanas. Conclusiones: Se reportan cambios alimenticios desde el ingreso a la carrera, lo cual es un factor protector para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles(AU)

Introduction: Entering the university implies multiple changes that affect the nutritional status and can condition the appearance of chronic non-communicable diseases in the future. Objective: To compare the nutritional status of Nutrition and Dietetics students from Mexico and Colombia through anthropometric measurements and food consumption. Material and Methods: Through the application of a survey, the food consumption and lifestyle of the students were investigated. The anthropometric data collection was carried out using the techniques adopted by The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). With the data obtained, a descriptive, exploratory, multidimensional and cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample size was 583 students randomly chosen from university centers in Colombia and Mexico. The statistical techniques used included: comparison test for proportions, MANOVA and frequency distributions. Results: There was a higher genetic load for diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, cancer and obesity in Mexican students who reported more overweight and gastrointestinal diseases. The frequent consumption of whole cheese, eggs, saturated and polyunsaturated fats, sugars and sweets and fried products was higher in Colombian women while the consumption of low-fat cheese, legumes and vegetable mixtures, monounsaturated fats, sauces, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, canned goods and alcoholic beverages was higher in Mexican women, presenting a significant difference (p <0.05). Conclusions: Dietary changes are reported from the beginning of the studies, which is a protective factor for the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. There must be consistency among knowledge, eating practices and lifestyle to maintain health and achieve greater credibility of the knowledge imparted(AU)

Influence of Alzheimer's disease on the relationship between nutritional status and risk of fall

Although malnutrition and risk of falls in the elderly have increased in recent years, uncertainties exist as to whether these conditions are associated after controlling for sociodemographic variables, body composition, metabolic condition, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to analyze the association between nutritional status and risk of fall in the elderly population. Participants were matched by gender and age, after they had been grouped on the basis of diagnosis of AD. The risk of falls, nutritional status, and mental status were assessed using the Downton Fall Risk Score (FRS), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE), respectively. Logistic regression modelsadjusted for the main confounders were used in the analyses. Among the 68 elderly individuals studied, participants who were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition were more likely to fall (odds ratio = 8.29; 95% confidence interval = 1.49-46.04) than those with normal nutritional status, regardless of gender, age, education, body composition, and metabolic condition. This association did not remain significant after adjustment for AD, a potential confounder in this association. Malnutrition or its risk was independently associated with high risk of fall; thus, malnutrition should be considered in the prevention of falls among the elderly population.

Tracking of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in young shooters, Ituiutaba, MG

The aim of this study was to detect early hypertension, diabetes and obesity, as well as their risk factors, in 105 young shooters from Tiro de Guerra 11-002 in the city of Ituiutaba-MG. This is a cross-sectional mixed study. A semi-structured questionnaire that contained questions related to the sociodemographic context, health status, lifestyle, eating habits, and psychosocial variables was applied. Blood pressure, anthropometric indexes, and lipid and glycemic profiles were measured. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson's correlation test and Spearman's coefficient, considering significative value (p < 0.05). The shooters had an average of 18.9 years old, most educated and brown. Anthropometric indices indicated a mainly eutrophic population, and normotensive and desirable lipid and glycemic profiles. However, overweight, high blood pressure, and self-declaration of family history for chronic diseases were identified. In addition, most shooters affirmed to ingest alcoholics beverages, to have insufficient time of physical activity, and to be aware of their levels of stress, pressure and anxiety and a few hours of sleep. Overall, the shooters showed good anthropometric and biochemical indicatorsof blood. Risk behavior, such as drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking, low level of physical activity and self-perception of stress, anxiety and pressure were also noted.

Association between breastfeeding and overweight/obesity in schoolchildren aged 7-14 years / Associação entre aleitamento materno e sobrepeso/obesidade em escolares de 7-14 anos

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of breastfeeding (BF) and the association between occurrence/duration of BF and overweight/obesity in schoolchildren aged 7-14 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2012-2013, on schoolchildren aged 7-14 years from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Weight and height were measured according to procedures of the World Health Organization. Breastfeeding and sociodemographic data were obtained from a questionnaire responded by parents/guardians. BF was categorized as a dichotomous variable (yes/no) and according to duration (months). Nutritional status was evaluated according to the Z score of the body mass index per age for sex and it was categorized into two groups: normal weight (<Z score+1) and overweight/obesity (≥Z score+1). The adjusted analysis was performed by logistic regression in two age strata (age groups of 7-10 and 11-14 years). Results: 6.6% of schoolchildren had never breastfed; 16.8% had been breastfed for ≤3 months; 16.7%, for 4-6 months; and 59.9%, for ≥7 months. No statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence and duration of BF between the age groups. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 34.2%. For age groups (7-10 and 11-14 years), the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 36.7% and 29.8%, respectively. Chance of overweight/obesity for the age group of 7-10 years was lower among schoolchildren who were breastfed (OR=0.54; 95%CI 0.33-0.88), when compared with those who never breastfed. When categorized, the chance of overweight/obesity in the age group of 7-10 years was lower for duration of BF ≤3 months (OR=0.41; 95%CI 0.20-0.83), and 4-6 months (OR=0.48; 95%CI 0.28-0.82) when compared with children who never breastfed. Conclusions: BF for at least six months was associated with a lower chance of overweight/obesity for schoolchildren aged 7-10 years. No association was found for schoolchildren aged 11-14 years.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar prevalência e duração de aleitamento materno (AM) e sua associação com sobrepeso/obesidade em escolares de 7-14 anos. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado em 2012-2013, com escolares de 7-14 anos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Peso e altura foram mensurados segundo preconizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Dados sociodemográficos e sobre AM foram obtidos por questionários enviados aos responsáveis/cuidadores. A variável amamentação foi analisada como dicotômica (sim/não) e por duração (em meses). O perfil antropométrico foi avaliado por escore Z do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para a idade, segundo sexo, categorizado em: normal (<escore Z+1) e sobrepreso/obesidade (≥escore Z+1). Análises ajustadas foram realizadas (regressão logística) em dois estratos etários (7-10 e 11-14 anos). Resultados: 6,6% dos escolares nunca tinham sido amamentados, 16,8% foram amamentados por ≤3 meses, 16,7% por 4-6 meses e 59,9% por ≥7 meses. Não houve diferença estatística de ocorrência/duração de AM entre os grupos etários. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi 34,2%. Nos grupos etários (7-10 e 11-14 anos), a prevalência foi 36,7% e 29,8%, respectivamente. A chance de sobrepeso/obesidade nos escolares de 7-10 anos foi menor entre aqueles que tinham sido amamentados (OR=0,54; IC95% 0,33-0,88), comparando com os nunca amamentados. Quando categorizada, a chance de ter sobrepeso/obesidade nos escolares de 7-10 anos foi menor quando a duração do AM foi ≤3 meses (OR=0,41; IC95% 0,20-0,83) e 4-6 meses (OR=0,48; IC95% 0,28-0,82), em comparação à ausência de AM. Conclusões: AM por pelo menos seis meses foi associado com menor chance de sobrepeso/obesidade para escolares de 7-10 anos. Não foi observada associação para o grupo 11-14 anos.

Factores asociados al estado nutricional de pacientes con ventilación mecánica artificial en unidad de cuidados intensivos / Factors associated to the nutritional status of patients with artificial mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit

RESUMEN Introducción: la presencia de la ventilación mecánica, crea interrogantes vinculadas con la importancia de conocer la influencia del estado nutricional y su asociación con factores de riesgo. Objetivo: relacionar el estado nutricional según indicadores antropométricos agrupados con variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio. Las que fueron estudiadas en pacientes ventilados artificialmente al ingreso en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Universitario "Celia Sánchez Manduley", durante los años 2017 al 2018. Materiales y método: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico de cohorte prospectiva, con pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. El nivel de significación de se halló según p valor ≤ 0,05 a través de Chi cuadrado de Pearson (X2) y la prueba T de student. Resultados: el sexo masculino y la edad mayor de 60 años estuvieron significativamente asociados a los ventilados desnutridos. La medición de los indicadores bioquímicos aislados no fue significativamente útil para la evaluación del estado nutricional en estos pacientes. Conclusiones: la comorbilidad, las infecciones nosocomiales, la ventilación de mediana duración y las entidades clínicas neurológicas, predominaron con alta mortalidad al egreso, pero sin asociación significativa al estado nutricional (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the presence of mechanical ventilation brings about questions related to the importance of knowing the influence of the nutritional status and its relation with risks factors. Objective: to establish a relationship of the nutritional status according to grouped anthropometric indicators with laboratory, clinical and socio-demographic variables that were studied in artificially ventilated patients when admitting them in the Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital "Celia Sánchez Manduley", during 2017 and 2018. Materials and method: a cohort, prospective, analytical, observational study was carried out with patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Different techniques of descriptive statistics were used, together of with measures of central tendency and dispersion. The level of significance was determined according to value p ≤ 0,05 by means of Pearson's Chi Squared (X2) and the student T test. Results: male sex and ages over 60 years were significantly associated to malnutritioned ventilated patients. Measuring isolated biochemical indicators was not significantly useful to assess nutritional status in these patients. Conclusions: comorbidity, nosocomial infections, average lasting ventilation, and neurological clinical entities predominated, with high mortality at discharging, but without significant association to the nutritional status (AU).

Balance energético y estado nutricional en niños preescolares, Huanchaco, Trujillo, Perú, 2014 / Energy balance and nutritional state in preschool children, Huanchaco, Trujillo, Perú, 2014

Introducción: El balance energético equilibrado en el organismo humano permite mantener un estado nutricional y de salud adecuado, ingestas excesivas o por defecto modifican la homeostasis y producen enfermedades. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre balance energético y estado nutricional en niños de instituciones educativas del distrito de Huanchaco, departamento La Libertad, Perú. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal en 203 niños de 3 a 5 años en el periodo abril-junio 2014. Se evaluó el estado nutricional con los índices talla/edad, peso/edad, peso/talla usando estándares de crecimiento infantil de la Organización Mundial de la Salud 2006. El balance energético se midió con la adecuación de energía ingerida respecto a su requerimiento energético estimado, expresado en porcentaje. Se aplicó la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significancia de 5 por ciento. Resultados: Los índices para evaluar el estado nutricional fueron predominante normales. El balance energético para niños y niñas de 3 años fue 123,75 ± 46,97 por ciento y 125,82 ± 13,01 por ciento de su requerimiento respectivamente; en niños y niñas de 4 años fue de 109,90 ± 23,17 por ciento y 104,69 ± 20,96 por ciento, respectivamente y finalmente en niños de 5 años fue 105,15 ± 24,97 por ciento y en las niñas un balance energético negativo de 86,39 ± 11,99 por ciento. Existe asociación altamente significativa (p < 0,01) entre estado nutricional y balance energético. Conclusiones: El balance energético con tendencia positiva predispone hacia la obesidad para los índices peso/talla y peso/edad y el equilibrado o positivo condicionan un estado nutricional normal según talla/edad(AU)

Introduction: The balanced energy state in the human body allows maintaining a nutritional and health status; excessive or small intakes of food modify the homeostasis and produce diseases. Objective: To determine the association between energy balance and nutritional state in children from educational institutions of Huanchaco District, La Libertad, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out in 203 children from 3 to 5 years old in the period from April to June 2014. It was assessed the nutritional state with the indexes height/age, weight/age, weight/height using child growth standards of the World Health Organization 2006. The energy balance was measured with the adequacy of energy intake in relation to their estimated energy requirement, expressed as a percentage. Chi-square statistical test was applied with a significance level of 5 percent . Results: The indexes to assess the nutritional state were predominantly normal. The energy balance for boys and girls of 3 years old was 123.75 ± 46.97 percent and 125.82 ± 13.01 percent of their requirement respectively; in children of 4 years old it was 109.90 ± 23.17 percent and 104.69 ± 20.96 percent, respectively; and finally in 5 years old boys it was 105.15 ± 24.97 percent and in girls a negative energy balance of 86.39 ± 11.99 percent. There is a highly significant association (p< 0.01) between the nutritional state and the energy balance. Conclusions: The energy balance with positive trend predisposes toward obesity for the indexes weight/height and weight/age, and the balanced or positive condition to a normal nutritional state according to height/age(AU)

Condições de saúde e mudança de peso de idosos em dez anos do Estudo SABE / Condiciones de salud y cambio de peso de personas mayores en diez años del Estudio SABE / Health conditions and weight change among the older adults over ten years of the SABE Survey

Objetivo: Analisar a relação das condições de saúde com a mudança de peso entre idosos em um período de dez anos em São Paulo/SP. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal que acompanhou (2000-baseline, 2006 e 2010) a mudança do peso corporal (variável desfecho) e condições de saúde associadas (variáveis de exposição) em idosos (n=571); análises de regressão logística multinomial foram empregadas. Resultados: O aumento médio de peso no período foi de 29,0%. Perderam peso 34,0% (2006) e 12,5% (2010); e ganharam peso 18,2% (2006) e 39,9% (2010). A prevalência de doenças crônicas aumentou de 34,1% (2000) para 51,9% (2006) e 60,1% (2010). Idosos com aumento de peso avaliaram pior sua saúde geral em 2006 (RR:3,15; IC95% 1,21;8,17) e 2010 (RR:2,46; IC95% 1,02;5,94). Maior número de doenças (RR:2,12; IC95% 1,00;4,46) e internações (RR:3,50; IC95% 1,40;8,72) associaram-se a diminuição de peso em 2010. Conclusão: Mudanças de peso estão relacionadas a um pior estado de saúde entre idosos.

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las condiciones de salud y el cambio de peso entre adultos mayores durante un período de diez años en São Paulo/SP. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal (2000-baseline, 2006 y 2010) que siguió el cambio en el peso corporal (variable de resultado) y las condiciones de salud asociadas (variables de exposición) en adultos mayores (n=571); se emplearon análisis de regresión logística multinomial. Resultado: El aumento de peso promedio en el período evaluado fue del 29,0%. Un 34,0% (2006) y 12,5% (2010) perdieron peso; 18,2% (2006) y 39,9% (2010) ganaron peso. La prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas aumentó del 34,1% (2000) para 51,9% (2006) y 60,1% (2010). Las personas mayores con aumento de peso calificaron su salud general peor en 2006 (RR:3,15; IC95% 1,21;8,17) y 2010 (RR:2,46; IC95% 1,02;5,94). El mayor número de enfermedades (RR:2,12; IC95% 1,00;4,46) y hospitalizaciones (RR:3.50; IC95% 1,40;8,72) se asociaron con una disminución del peso en 2010. Conclusión: Los cambios de peso están relacionados con un peor estado de salud entre los adultos mayores.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between health conditions and weight changes among elderly people monitored by the SABE Survey over a ten-year period in São Paulo/SP. Methods: This was a longitudinal study that followed (2000-baseline, 2006 and 2010) change in body weight (outcome variable) and associated health conditions (exposure variables) in the elderly (n=571); multinomial logistic regression analyses were employed. Results: Average weight increase in the evaluated period was 29.0%. 34.0% (2006) and 12.5% (2010) lost weight and 18.2% (2006) and 39.9% (2010) gained weight. Prevalence of chronic diseases increased from 34.1% (2000) to 51.9% (2006) and 60.1% (2010). Older people with weight gain also rated their overall health as poorer in 2006 (RR:3.15; 95%CI 1.21;8.17) and 2010 (RR:2.46; 95%CI 1.02;5.94). The higher numbers of diseases (RR:2.12; 95%CI 1.00;4.46) and hospitalizations (RR:3.50; 95%CI 1.40;8.72) were associated with a decrease in weight in 2010. Conclusion: Weight changes are related to poorer health status among the elderly.

Correlation between nutritional assessment and oxidative stress in candidates for liver transplant / Correlação entre avaliação nutricional e estresse oxidativo em candidatos ao transplante hepático

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the oxidative profile, nutritional status and food intake (caloric value; macronutrients; vitamins A, E and C; and zinc), and to correlate oxidative stress with nutritional status in patients who were candidates for liver transplant. Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical, and descriptive study with 51 candidates for liver transplant. Sociodemographic and clinical data, anthropometric parameters, food consumption, and a 10mL blood sample were collected from each patient. Oxidative stress was analyzed by the thiobarbituric acid method. The consumption of macronutrients, caloric value and micronutrients (zinc, vitamins A, E and C) were qualitatively analyzed, and zinc was also quantitatively analyzed. Results The mean age was 49.17±8.17 years. The highest percentage of malnutrition was according to arm muscle circumference (56.86%), followed by arm circumference (52.94%), triceps skin fold (50.98%), and body mass index (1.96%). The mean malondialdehyde level was 14.80±8.72μM/L, presenting a negative correlation with the body mass index for patients with liver cirrhosis according to IMC-Campillo values (p=0.001; r=-0.430). Low energy, carbohydrate, protein, vitamin A and E consumption were observed in more than 50% of subjects. Conclusion This study showed an association of nutritional status through body mass index for patients with liver cirrhosis according to IMC-Campillo, with oxidative stress in patients with liver cirrhosis on a liver transplant waiting list.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o perfil oxidativo, o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar (valor calórico; macronutrientes; vitaminas A, E e C; e zinco), e correlacionar o estresse oxidativo com o estado nutricional em pacientes candidatos ao transplante hepático. Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal, analítico e descritivo com 51 pacientes candidatos ao transplante hepático. Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, parâmetros antropométricos, consumo alimentar e amostra de 10mL de sangue de cada paciente. O estresse oxidativo foi analisado por método do ácido tiobarbitúrico. O consumo de macronutrientes, do valor calórico e dos micronutrientes (zinco, vitaminas A, E e C) foi analisado qualitativamente, e o zinco também foi analisado quantitativamente. Resultados A média de idade foi de 49,17±8,17 anos. Maior percentual de desnutrição esteve de acordo com circunferência muscular do braço (56,86%), seguida de circunferência do braço (52,94%), dobra cutânea triciptal (50,98%) e índice de massa corporal (1,96%). A média do malondialdeído foi de 14,80±8,72µM/L, apresentando correlação negativa com os valores do índice de massa corporal para pacientes com cirrose hepática segundo IMC-Campillo (p=0,001; r=-0,430). Observou-se baixo consumo de energia, carboidrato, proteína, e vitaminas A e E em mais de 50% dos indivíduos. Conclusão Este estudo mostrou associação do estado nutricional, por meio do índice de massa corporal para pacientes com cirrose hepática segundo IMC-Campillo, com o estresse oxidativo em paciente com cirrose hepática em lista de transplante de fígado.

Evaluation of nutritional risk factors in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-eligible patients / Avaliação dos fatores de riscos nutricionais em pacientes pré-transplante de célula-tronco hematopoiética

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the nutritional risk factors in patients eligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted with patients recruited from an hematology outpatient clinic. Study variables included demographic and clinical data, patient-generated global subjective assessment findings, anthropometric indicators, food intake and oxidative stress levels. The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Results The sample comprised 72 patients, mean age of 48.93 years (14.5%). Multiple myeloma was the most prevalent condition (51.4%) in this sample. Most patients (55.6%) were overweight according to body mass index and at risk of cardiovascular disease according to waist circumference, conicity index and percentage of body fat. Sarcopenia was associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, hip-to-waist ratio (p=0.021), muscle strength depletion (p<0.001), food intake (p=0.023), reduced functional capacity (p=0.048), self-reported well-nourished status; p=0.044) and inadequate vitamin B6 (p=0.022) and manganese (p=0.026) intake. Elevated oxidative stress, detected in 33.3% of patients in this sample, was not associated with sarcopenia. Conclusion Most patients in this sample were overweight and sarcopenic. Lean mass depletion was associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, reduced muscle strength, food intake changes, reduced functional capacity, self-reported well-nourished status and inadequate intake of vitamin B6 and manganese, but not with oxidative stress.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os fatores de riscos nutricionais em pacientes pré-transplante de célula-tronco hematopoiética. Métodos Estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com pacientes de um ambulatório de hematologia. As variáveis estudadas foram demográficas, dados clínicos, avaliação subjetiva global produzida pelo próprio paciente, indicadores antropométricos, ingestão alimentar e estresse oxidativo. Os dados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quando p<0,05. Resultados A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 72 pacientes, com média de idade de 48,93 (14,5%) anos e com mieloma múltiplo (51,4%) como a patologia mais prevalente. Conforme índice de massa corporal, 55,6% dos pacientes encontravam-se com excesso de peso. De acordo com a circunferência da cintura, índice de conicidade e percentual de gordura corporal, houve prevalência de risco para doença cardiovascular. A sarcopenia foi associada ao risco de doença cardiovascular pela relação cintura/quadril (p=0,021), depleção da força muscular (p<0,001), além da ingestão alimentar (p=0,023), da capacidade funcional reduzida (p=0,048) e do diagnóstico de "bem nutrido" (p=0,044), conforme a avaliação subjetiva global, e com consumo inadequado de vitamina B6 (p=0,022) e de manganês (p=0,026). Dentre os avaliados, 33,3% apresentaram estresse oxidativo elevado sem associação com sarcopenia. Conclusão Pacientes do pré-transplante se apresentam, em sua maioria, com excesso de peso, mas com sarcopenia, estando essa ausência de massa magra associada a risco de doença cardiovascular, depleção da força muscular, alteração da ingestão alimentar, redução da capacidade funcional, classificação de "bem nutrido", segundo a avaliação subjetiva global e consumo inadequado de vitamina B6 e manganês, não estando associada a estresse oxidativo.

Overweight in adolescents: food insecurity and multifactoriality in semiarid regions of pernambuco / Excesso de peso em adolescentes: insegurança alimentar e multifatorialidade no cenário do semiárido de pernambuco

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate context of overweight adolescents from the semiarid and rural areas of Pernambuco, considering the multifactorial nature of the determinants of being overweight, and the food and nutritional insecurity conditions of the region. Methods: A population based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2015. The nutritional status of adolescents was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and classified by the BMI/Age indicator, according to sex. To analyze the factors associated with being overweight, the variables were grouped into: socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, lifestyle, psychological, biological and food and nutritional security. Poisson regression was used to verify the association between being overweight and independent variables. Results: The prevalence of excessive weight found was 20.1%, namely: 13.4% overweight and 6.7% obese. After adjusting for the confounding variables, the variables: occupancy situation (rented house), alcohol consumption, food security and light food insecurity, body perception (overweight and obese) and age range (10 to 14 years), were associated with being overweight. High food and nutritional insecurity was identified in 80.4% of the population. The moderate and severe forms were more frequent, and precarious social conditions were still prevalent in the region. Conclusions: The prevalence of being overweight was high, exceeding the expected for a population with better living conditions. The determinants of being overweight were: alcohol consumption, occupancy situation, self-perceived weight, age and food security/mild food insecurity.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar o excesso de peso em adolescentes do Sertão e Agreste de Pernambuco, considerando a multifatoriedade dos determinantes do excesso de peso e as condições de insegurança alimentar e nutricional da região. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado no período de setembro a outubro de 2015. O estado nutricional dos adolescentes foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e classificado pelo indicador IMC/idade, segundo o sexo. Para analisar os fatores associados ao excesso de peso, as variáveis foram agrupadas em: socioeconômicas, demográficas, ambientais, de estilo de vida, psicológicas, biológicas e segurança alimentar e nutricional. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para verificar a associação entre o excesso de peso e as variáveis independentes. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso encontrada foi de 20,1%, sendo 13,4% de sobrepeso e 6,7% de obesidade. Após o ajuste para as variáveis de confusão, as variáveis regime de ocupação (casa cedida, alugada), consumo de álcool, segurança alimentar, insegurança alimentar leve, percepção corporal (sobrepeso e obesidade) e faixa etária (10 a 14 anos) mostraram-se associadas ao excesso de peso. Destaca-se a elevada insegurança alimentar e nutricional, em 80,4% da população, sendo as formas moderadas e graves as mais frequentes, como também as precárias condições sociais ainda prevalentes na região. Conclusões: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi elevada, superando o esperado para uma população com melhores condições de vida. Os determinantes do excesso de peso foram: consumo de álcool, regime de ocupação, autopercepção do peso, faixa etária e segurança alimentar/insegurança alimentar leve.

Evaluación nutricional en adultos mayores con diagnóstico de osteoartritis y su relación con la intensidad del dolor / Nutritional evaluation in older adults with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis and its relationship with pain intensity

Introducción: La osteoartritis es una enfermedad crónica y degenerativa que presenta un pico de incidencia en personas mayores de 60 años. Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional de los pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de osteoartritis y su relación con la intensidad del dolor. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y correlacional, de corte transversal en adultos mayores con osteoartritis. El universo estuvo constituido por 168 pacientes de los cuales 156 formaron parte de la muestra del estudio. A cada paciente se le determinará el estado nutricional mediante el índice de masa corporal. Para conocer la intensidad del dolor se empleó la escala visual análoga de dolor. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para identificar la relación entre el estado nutricional y la intensidad del dolor. Resultados: Hubo un promedio de edad de 67,72 años, con predominio de pacientes femeninas (60,13 por ciento) y afectación de rodillas (34,80 por ciento). El 34,18 por ciento de los adultos mayores presentó sobrepeso y el 18,35 por ciento obesidad. La mayor parte de los pacientes tenían dolor articular moderado (60,13 por ciento). El dolor grave se presentó con mayor frecuencia en el grupo de pacientes obesos (48,28 por ciento). Conclusiones: Se identificó una correlación positiva considerable entre el estado nutricional y la intensidad del dolor en los adultos mayores con diagnóstico de osteoartritis(AU)

Introduction: Osteoarthritis conceptualized as a chronic and degenerative disease that presents a peak incidence in people older than 60 years. Objective: To determine the nutritional status of older adult patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis and its relationship to pain intensity. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in older adults with osteoarthritis. The universe consisted of 168 patients, of whom 156 were part of the study sample. Nutritional status will be determined for each patient using the body mass index. To visualize the intensity of pain, the visual analog pain scale used. Pearson's correlation coefficient used to identify the relationship between nutritional status and pain intensity. Result: Average age of 67.72 years with a predominance of female patients (60.13 percent) and knee involvement (34.80 percent). 34.18 percent of older adults were overweight and 18.35 percent were obese, while 43.04 percent had a normal nutritional status. There was a predominance of patients with moderate joint pain (60.13 percent). Conclusions: A considerable positive correlation identified between nutritional status and pain intensity in older adults diagnosed with osteoarthritis(AU)

Avaliação da influência de pais ou cuidadores no comportamento alimentar e estado nutricional de pessoas com deficiência intelectual atendidos em uma Instituição Social da Zona Leste de São Paulo / Evaluation of the influence of parents or caregivers on eating behavior and nutritional status of people with intellectual disabilities attended at a Social Institution in the East Zone of São Paulo

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de pais ou cuidadores no comportamento alimentar e estado nutricional de pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 64 adultos com deficiência intelectual de ambos os sexos atendidos em uma instituição social na zona leste de São Paulo e 64 respectivos pais ou cuidadores dessas pessoas. Foram aferidas medidas de peso e altura de todos os participantes para classificação do estado nutricional segundo índice de massa corpórea e aplicado questionário de frequência alimentar para coletar informações de frequência sobre o consumo dos mesmos. O consumo de alimentos foi reclassificado para análise em grupos segundo grau de processamento através do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. Foi aplicado o Questionário de Comportamento Alimentar nos participantes com deficiência intelectual e analisado segundo categorias de interesse e desinteresse pela comida. O estudo encontrou 64,0% dos adultos com deficiência intelectual acima do peso, destes, 46,9% apresentaram pais ou cuidadores também com excesso de peso e ambos consomem com frequência alimentos ultra processados. A pesquisa revelou também que pessoas com deficiência intelectual têm maior prazer em comer. O estudo concluiu que pais e cuidadores exercem influência no comportamento alimentar e no estado nutricional de pessoas com deficiência intelectual, portanto, esses resultados sugerem que trabalhos de educação nutricional devem ser realizados em conjunto com pais e cuidadores de pessoas com deficiência intelectual, e assim, promover melhorias na qualidade de vida a longo prazo desta população. (AU)

This research aims at assessing the influence of parents and caregivers on eating behavior and nutritional status of people with intellectual disabilities. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 64 adults with intellectual disabilities of both sexes, treated at a social institution in East Sao Paulo City, and their 64 respective parents and caregivers. All participants' weight and height measurements were taken to classify their nutritional status according to body mass index. Also a food frequency questionnaire was applied to collect information on the frequency those specific foods were consumed. Food consumption was reclassified for analysis in food groups according to the degree of processing by the Food Guide For The Brazilian Population. The eating behavior Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire was applied to participants with intellectual disabilities and analyzed according to categories of interest and disinterest in particular food items. The study found that 64% of the adults with intellectual disabilities were overweight; and of these, 46.9% had parents or caregivers who were also overweight and both frequently consume ultra-processed foods. The survey also revealed that people with intellectual disabilities find more pleasure in eating than those who do not have intellectual disabilities. Our study came to the conclusion that parents and caregivers have strong influence on the eating behavior and nutritional status of people with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, we suggest that a nutritional education work be carried out together with parents and caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities, thus making improvements in the long-term quality of life of this population. (AU)

Association between body weight perception and quality of diet in brazilian adolescents / Associação da percepção do peso corporal com a qualidade da dieta de adolescentes brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between body weight perception and quality of diet among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: The sample was composed of 71,740 adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years-old enrolled in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes - ERICA), carried out during 2013-2014. Body weight perception was self-reported. Food consumption was assessed by food record and quality of diet index for Brazilian adolescents (DQIA-BR) was calculated, considering the balance, diversity, and diet composition. The quality of diet was compared according to weight perception for the entire sample and after stratification by nutritional status. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between body weight perception and quality of diet. Results: Among the studied adolescents, 14.7 and 30.3% reported to be underweight or overweight in relation to their desired weight, respectively. Those who perceived themselves as overweight had lower quality of diet (DQIA-BR=16.0 vs. 17.4 points; p<0.001). After stratification by BMI, adolescents with normal weight (DQIA-BR=15.3 points) or overweight (DQIA-BR=16.1 points), but who perceived themselves as overweight showed lower quality of diet when compared to their peers. In adjusted analysis, overweight perception (β= -0.51; 95%CI -0.77; -0.24) was associated to lower quality of diet. However, this association was no longer significant after stratification by BMI status. Conclusions: Body weight perception can influence the consumption of healthy foods and the quality of diet, especially for those who consider themselves overweight. However, this association is influenced by nutritional status.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre percepção de peso corporal e qualidade da dieta de adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: A amostra estudada foi composta de 71.740 adolescentes de 12-17 anos participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA) realizado entre 2013 e 2014. A percepção do peso corporal foi avaliada por questionário autoaplicável; o consumo alimentar, por recordatório alimentar; e a qualidade da dieta pelo índice de qualidade da dieta de adolescentes brasileiros (IQDA-BR), considerando o equilíbrio, a diversidade e a composição da dieta. A qualidade da dieta foi comparada de acordo com a percepção do peso para toda a amostra e após estratificação por índice de massa corpórea (IMC). Modelos de regressão linear foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre distúrbios na percepção do peso e qualidade da dieta. Resultados: Entre os adolescentes, 14,7 e 30,3% percebiam-se abaixo ou acima do peso, respectivamente. Aqueles que se percebiam acima do peso apresentaram menor qualidade da dieta (IQDA-BR=16,0 vs. 17,4 pontos; p<0,001). Após estratificação por IMC, adolescentes com peso normal (IQDA-BR=15,3 pontos) ou excesso de peso (IQDA-BR=16,1 pontos), mas que se percebiam como acima do peso, apresentaram pior qualidade da dieta se comparados ao demais. Em análise ajustada, perceber-se acima do peso (β= -0,51; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% -0,77; -0,24) foi associado a pior qualidade da dieta, porém essa associação perdeu significância após a estratificação por IMC. Conclusões: A percepção do peso corporal parece influenciar o consumo de alimentos saudáveis e a qualidade da dieta principalmente daqueles que se consideram acima do peso, contudo essa associação é influenciada pelo estado nutricional.

Fibrosis quística en niños y su seguimiento durante 40 años 1977-2017) / Cystic Fibrosis in children and its follow up during 40 years (1977-2017)

Introducción: Los enfermos de fibrosis quística tienen mayor supervivencia y calidad de vida en las últimas décadas, debido fundamentalmente a un diagnóstico precoz. Objetivo: Describir las características de los pacientes con fibrosis quística y el seguimiento de los vivos durante 40 años. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo en 96 pacientes diagnosticados con fibrosis quística en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario William Soler (1977-2017). Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas. Se analizaron variables demográficas, temporales, clínicas, genéticas y microbiológicas. Resultados: De la muestra, actualmente se mantienen con seguimiento 27, mayores de 19 años enviados a consulta de neumología 9, fallecieron 30, no se siguen en el centro 30. El 60,4 por ciento se diagnosticó antes del primer año de vida, predominó el sexo masculino 62,5 por ciento y el color de la piel blanco 88,5 por ciento. Sugirió el diagnóstico la forma clínica respiratoria 39,6 por ciento, mixta 38,5 por ciento, digestiva 19,8 por ciento y perdedora de sal 2,1 por ciento. De los 27 casos seguidos actualmente 74,1 por ciento son eutróficos y no hay desnutridos. En el primer aislamiento microbiológico predominó la Pseudomona aeruginosa en el menor de 1 año y el Staphilococcus aureus entre 1 y 4 años. Más del 37.0 por ciento tuvo complicaciones respiratorias, el 14,8 por ciento hepática y el 40,7 por ciento sin complicaciones. La caracterización genética fue mayormente ∆F508 (70,3 por ciento). Conclusiones: Es frecuente el aislamiento de Pseudomona aeruginosa en el menor de 1 año. Casi la mitad de los pacientes no tienen complicaciones, se consiguió mejorar el estado nutricional y disminuir la mortalidad(AU)

Introduction: Patients with cystic fibrosis have had a greater survival and life quality in the last decades; this is due to a precocious diagnostic, a better nutrition state, and diminution of respiratory infections. Objective: To describe the characteristics of cystic fibrosis patients and follow up process to survivors for the last 40 years. Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study in 96 patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis in William Soler Pediatric University Hospital (1977-2017). Data was obtained from clinical records. Demographic, temporary, clinical, genetic and microbiological variables were analized. Results: From the sample, 27 patients keep under medical follow up; 9 patients older than 19 years old were remitted to the Neumology consultation; 30 died; and 30 patients are not followed up at the hospital. 60.4 percent of the patients was diagnosed before the first year of life, t was predominant the male sex (62.5 percent) and most of them were white skin (88.5 percent). Diagnosis suggested; the respiratory clinical symptoms, 39.6 percent; mixed, 38.5 percent; digestive symptoms, 19.8 percent; salt lost, 2.1 percent. Out of the 27 cases followed at present, 74.1 percent are eutrophics, and there are not patients with malnutrition. In the first microbiological isolation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevailed in patients under 1-year-old and Staphilococcus aureus in patients between 1 and 4 years old. More than 37.0 percent of patients had respiratory complications, 14.8 percent had hepatic complications, and 40.7 percent had no complications. The genetic characterization was mostly of ∆F508 (59.2 percent). Conclusions: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently in patients under 1-year-old. Almost half of the patients has no complications; and it is improved their nutritional state and mortality decreased(AU)

The role of maximum compressed thickness of the quadriceps femoris muscle measured by ultrasonography in assessing nutritional risk in critically-ill patients with different volume statuses

SUMMARY PURPOSE In this prospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the role of the maximum compressed (MC) and uncompressed (UC) thickness of the quadriceps femoris muscle (QFMT) measured by ultrasonography (USG) in the detection of nutritional risk in intensive care patients (ICPs) with different volume status. METHODS 55 patients were included. Right, left, and total ucQFMT and mcQFMT measurements were obtained by a standard USG device within the first 48 hours after ICU admission. Clinical examination and the USG device were used to determine the volume status of the patients. SOFA, APACHE II, modified NUTRIC scores, and demographic data were collected. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the nutritional risk of patients in terms of left, right, and total mcQFMT measurements (p=0.025, p=0.039; p=0.028, respectively), mechanical ventilation requirement (p=0.014), presence of infection (p=0.019), and sepsis (p=0.006). There was no significant difference between different volume statuses in terms of mcQFMT measurements. In the multi-variance analysis, mcQFMT measurements were found to be independently associated with high nutritional risk (p=0.019, Exp(B)=0.256, 95%CI=0.082-0.800 for modified NUTRIC score ≥ 5), and higher nutritional risk (p=0.009, Exp(B)=0.144, 95%CI=0.033-0.620 for modified NUTRIC score ≥ 6). a Total mcQFMT value below 1.36 cm was a predictor for higher nutritional risk with 79% sensitivity and 70% specificity (AUC=0.749, p=0.002, likelihood ratio=2.04). CONCLUSION Ultrasonographic measurement of total mcQFMT can be used as a novel nutritional risk assessment parameter in medical ICPs with different volume statuses. Thus, patients who could benefit from aggressive nutritional therapy can be easily identified in these patient groups.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Neste estudo observacional prospectivo, objetivamos investigar o papel da espessura do músculo quadríceps femoral (QFMT) comprimido (mc) e não comprimido (uc) medida pela ultrassonografia (USG) na detecção do risco nutricional em pacientes de terapia intensiva (ICPs) com status de volume diferente. MÉTODOS Cinquenta e cinco pacientes foram incluídos. As medidas direita, esquerda e total de ucQFMT e mcQFMT foram obtidas por um dispositivo USG padrão nas primeiras 48 horas após a admissão na UTI. O exame clínico e o dispositivo USG foram usados para determinar o status volumétrico dos pacientes. Sofa, Apache II, escores Nutric modificados e dados demográficos foram coletados. RESULTADOS Houve diferença significativa entre o risco nutricional dos pacientes em termos de medidas da QTFMT esquerda, direita e total (p=0,025, p=0,039; p=0,028, respectivamente), necessidade de ventilação mecânica (p=0,014), presença de infecção (p=0,019) e sepse (p=0,006). Não houve diferença significativa entre os diferentes status de volume em termos de medidas de mcQFMT. Na análise de variância múltipla, verificou-se que as medidas da FCFMT estavam independentemente associadas a alto risco nutricional (p=0,019, Exp (B)=0,256, 95%CI=0,082-0,800 para escore Nutric modificado ≥ 5) e maior risco nutricional (p=0,009, Exp (B)=0,144, 95%CI=0,033-0,620 para o escore Nutric modificado ≥ 6). O valor total de mcQFMT abaixo de 1,36 cm foi um preditor de maior risco nutricional com sensibilidade de 79% e especificidade de 70% (ASC=0,749, p=0,002, razão de verossimilhança = 2,04). CONCLUSÃO A medida ultrassonográfica do mcQFMT total pode ser usada como um novo parâmetro de avaliação de risco nutricional em ICPs médicas com diferentes status de volume. Assim, pacientes que podem se beneficiar de uma terapia nutricional agressiva podem ser facilmente identificados nesses grupos de pacientes.

Caracterización de hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de preescolares / Characterization of Alimentary Habits and the Nutritional State of Preschoolers

RESUMEN Introducción: La buena salud depende de factores como la nutrición, determinante para garantizar un adecuado estado físico, mental y académico, aspectos indispensables para el desarrollo individual y social de cualquier persona. Objetivo: Caracterizar los hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de los preescolares de un centro de educación inicial. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal correlacionar, en un centro de educación inicial en Santa Elena, Ecuador, durante 2016. Universo constituido por 125 binomios padres-escolares, entre tres y cinco años. Se utilizó el método observacional y encuesta, las variables estudiadas fueron edad, hábitos alimentarios, nivel de instrucción, adquisición de alimentos, peso, talla. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó el software IBM-SPSS-Statistics-21.0; en el descriptivo se utilizaron promedios, media, moda, desviación estándar, valores máximos y mínimos. Para la comparación entre los grupos, se utilizó prueba de Anova de muestras independientes y Χ2, considerando significativo p < 0,05. Para comparar el estado nutricional se analizó la concordancia e índice Kappa, considerándose una buena concordancia un valor ≥ 0,80. Resultados: En cuanto a los padres: 53,60 pòr ciento eran jóvenes, 32,00 por ciento entre 21 a 25 años de edad, 85,00 por ciento con nivel de instrucción medio, 26,40 por ciento con dificultad para adquirir alimentos. El estado nutricional en los niños fue deficiente, debido al consumo de proteínas de alto valor biológico (3,97 por ciento) y 8,32 por ciento, 7,94 por ciento y 4,70 por ciento demostraron alto consumo en alimentos de baja calidad nutricional. Conclusiones: Los hábitos alimentarios de los preescolares se caracterizaron por una alimentación hiperglucídica e hipoproteica, alta en sodio, deficiente en hierro y zinc, evidenciando baja calidad nutricional en los alimentos consumidos(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Good health depends on factors such as nutrition, a determinant to guarantee proper physical, mental and academic state, essential aspects for the individual and social development of any person. Objective: To characterize the eating habits and nutritional status of preschoolers in an initial education center. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlation study carried out in an initial education center in Santa Elena, Ecuador, during 2016. The study population consisted of 125 parent-schoolchild binomials, the school children aged between three and five years. The observational method and the survey were used. The variables studied wereage, eating habits, school level, food acquisition, weight, height. The software IBM-SPSS-Statistics-21.0 was used for data analysis. The results were expressed in average, median, mode, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values. For the comparison between the groups, the Anova test of independent samples and the chi-square test were used, considering p bellow 0.05 significant. To compare the nutritional status, the concordance and Kappa index were analyzed, considering a good value as being higher or equal than 0.80. Results: As for the parents, 53.60 percent were young; of them, 32 percent were between 21 and 25 years old, 85 percent had completed the average education level, and 26.40 percent expressed difficulties in acquiring food. The nutritional status in children was poor, due to the consumption of proteins of high biological value (red meat, 3.97 percent) and foods of poor nutritional quality such as soft drinks (8.32 percent), sweets (7.94 percent) and snacks (4.71 percent). Conclusions: The preschooler's eating habits were characterized by a hyperglycidic and hypoproteic diet, high in sodium, deficient in iron and zinc, which shows low nutritional quality in the food consumed(AU)

Thumb adductor muscle thickness used in the nutritional assessment of chronic kidney disease patients under conservative treatment / Espessura do músculo adutor do polegar para avaliação nutricional de portadores de doença renal crônica em tratamento conservador

Abstract Introduction: Evaluate the association between the thumb adductor muscle thickness and the patient's nutritional status, and propose cutoff points for muscle mass depletion in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) under conservative treatment. Epidemiological and cross-sectional study, including patients with CKD stages 3 to 5, older than 60 years. Socioeconomic, clinical, physical activity and anthropometric data was obtained. TAMT was described and compared according to CKD stage, socioeconomic data, physical activity, nutritional status and correlated with age, glomerular filtration rate and anthropometric variables. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were produced, considering the lean tissue index classification as reference. The cut-off point was defined by the Youden index. Results: We evaluated 137 individuals. The TAMT was lower in malnourished and/or depleted muscle mass individuals; among males it was higher among those who practiced physical activities (p <0.05). This measure was moderately correlated with BMI, calf and brachial circumferences, lean body tissue, lean tissue index and body cell mass (r <0.7); negatively with age (r = -0.34). The ROC curve analysis determined cut points of 15.33 mm for females and 20.33 mm for males, with 72.22% and 62.50% accuracy, respectively. Conclusion: TAMT is used to estimate muscle mass and we suggest the cutoff point is useful to rule out the likelihood of muscle mass depletion. It is recommended that it be used in a complementary way in nutritional assessment.

Resumo Introdução: Avaliar a associação da espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (EMAP) com o estado nutricional e propor pontos de corte para depleção de massa muscular em idosos portadores da doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento conservador. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico, delineamento transversal, incluindo portadores de DRC estágios 3 a 5, acima de 60 anos. Obteve-se dados socioeconômicos, clínicos, prática de atividade física e antropométricos. A EMAP foi descrita e comparada de acordo com o estágio da DRC, dados socioeconômicos, atividade física e estado nutricional e correlacionada com idade, taxa de filtração glomerular e variáveis antropométricas. Foram produzidas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), considerando como padrão de referência a classificação do índice de tecido magro. O ponto de corte foi definido pelo índice Youden. Resultados: Avaliou-se 137 indivíduos. A EMAP foi inferior nos desnutridos e/ou com depleção de massa muscular; no sexo masculino foi superior nos praticantes de atividade física (p<0,05). A medida se correlacionou moderadamente com IMC, circunferência da panturrilha e braquial, tecido de massa magra, índice de tecido magro e massa celular corporal (r<0,7), e negativamente com a idade (r=-0,34). A análise da curva ROC determinou pontos de corte de 15,33 mm para o sexo feminino e 20,33 mm para o masculino, com acurácia de 72,22% e 62,50%, respectivamente. Conclusão: A EMAP serve para estimar a massa muscular, e o ponto de corte sugerido é útil para afastar a probabilidade de depleção de massa muscular. Recomenda-se que seja utilizada de forma complementar na avaliação nutricional.