ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El Centro Internacional de Investigaciones sobre el Cáncer incluyó la exposición ocupacional y ambiental de bomberos, en su listado de carcinógenos para humanos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un scoping review de la literatura disponible sobre el riesgo de cáncer en bomberos, inicialmente una búsqueda primaria de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en PubMed, usando los términos MeSH "Neoplasms" AND "Firefighters", encontrándose un total de 38 textos. Adicionalmente, se realizó una búsqueda secundaria en la misma base de datos y período de tiempo, utilizando los términos "Ocupational Exposure" AND "Risk" AND "Firefighters" AND "Cancer" encontrándose 77 artículos. De este listado se seleccionaron 3 artículos de la búsqueda primaria y 3 de la búsqueda secundaria que fueron incluidos en la revisión. RESULTADOS: Se ha documentado que los bomberos están potencialmente expuestos, en todos los tipos de emergencias con fuego, a una variedad de sustancias tóxicas y cancerígenas. En diversos metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas se encontraron asociaciones entre la extinción de incendios y algunos tipos de cáncer. Conclusiones: Identificar asociaciones entre las exposiciones ocupacionales de los bomberos y el riesgo de cáncer es una tarea desafiante principalmente debido al origen multifactorial del cáncer. La mejor forma de disminuir la exposición es implementando medidas de prevención.
INTRODUCTION: the International Agency for Research on Cancer included the occupational and environmental exposure of firefighters, in the list of carcinogens for humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A scoping review of the available literature on the risk of cancer in firefighters was carried out. Results: It has been documented that firefighters are potentially exposed, in all types of fire emergencies, to a variety of toxic and carcinogenic substances. In several meta-analyses and systematic reviews, associations were found between firefighting and some types of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying associations between firefighters' occupational exposures and cancer risk is a challenging task mainly due to the multifactorial origin of cancer. The best way to reduce exposure is to implement preventative measures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Firefighters/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/etiology , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , FiresABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies focusing on multisite musculoskeletal pain have revealed that the prevalence of multisite pain is high in general populations. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain in the last 12 months and in the last seven days, in a population-based sample and investigate its association with demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, reported morbidity and ergonomic variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional population-based survey in Bauru, São Paulo (Brazil). METHODS: 600 individuals were interviewed. The following data were collected: participants' characteristics, through a precoded questionnaire; physical activity level, through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; and musculoskeletal symptoms, through the Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain was 46.5% (confidence interval, CI 42.5 to 50.5) in the last 12 months and 26.1% (CI 22.8 to 29.8) in the last seven days. The variables associated with multisite pain in the last 12 months were female sex, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or depression, watching TV more than three times a week and working in a seated position. Formerly smoking was a protection factor. The variables associated with multisite pain in the last seven days were female sex, age group 60 years and over, low income, presence of comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or depression and working in a seated position. CONCLUSION: There was high prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain, which was associated with demographic, socioeconomic, work-related, electronic device-related and reported morbidity variables.
Subject(s)
Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo Analisar os danos à saúde relacionados ao trabalho de enfermeiros em um hospital universitário. Métodos Estudo transversal, quantitativo realizado com 135 enfermeiros de um hospital universitário localizado na região Sudeste do Brasil, entre os meses de dezembro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, com aplicação de questionários para caracterização pessoal e laboral e a Escala de Avaliação de Danos Relacionados ao Trabalho. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial para a análise dos dados. Resultados Prevaleceu entre os enfermeiros o adoecimento físico. A avaliação para os danos psicológicos e sociais foi suportável. Os itens "distúrbios digestivos" (2,35±1,18), "mau-humor" (2,41±1,12), "dor de cabeça" (2,58±1,11), "dores no corpo" (2,81±1,15), "dores nas costas" (2,90±1,29), "alterações no sono" (2,96±1,28) e "dores nas pernas" (3,00±1,25) tiveram avaliação crítica pelos enfermeiros, o que representa risco para adoecimento. Não se identificaram associações significativas entre as variáveis pesquisadas e o adoecimento. Conclusão Os enfermeiros estão sujeitos a riscos de adoecimento relacionado ao trabalho no hospital universitário em estudo que deflagram adoecimento físico; sendo o suporte social uma provável explicação para o não adoecimento psicológico e social.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar los daños a la salud relacionados con el trabajo de enfermeros en un hospital universitario. Métodos Estudio transversal, cuantitativo realizado con 135 enfermeros de un hospital universitario ubicado en la región Sureste de Brasil, entre los meses de diciembre de 2018 y febrero de 2019, con la utilización de cuestionarios para caracterización personal y laboral y la Escala de Evaluación de Daños Relacionados con el Trabajo. Se utilizó una estadística descriptiva e inferencial para el análisis de los datos. Resultados Prevaleció entre los enfermeros la dolencia física. La evaluación para los daños psicológicos y sociales fue soportable. Los ítems "disturbios digestivos" (2,35±1,18), "malhumor" (2,41±1,12), "dolor de cabeza" (2,58±1,11), "dolores por el cuerpo" (2,81±1,15), "dolores en la espalda" (2,90±1,29), "alteraciones del sueño" (2,96±1,28) y "dolores en las piernas" (3,00±1,25) tuvieron una evaluación crítica de los enfermeros, lo que representa riesgo para la dolencia. No se identificaron asociaciones significativas entre las variables investigadas y la dolencia. Conclusión Los enfermeros están sujetos a riesgos de dolencia relacionados con el trabajo en el hospital universitario en un estudio que ocasionan dolencia física; el soporte social es una probable explicación para la no dolencia psicológica y social.
Abstract Objective To analyze the work-related health damage of nurses in a university hospital. Methods Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 135 nurses from a university hospital located in the southeast region of Brazil between December 2018 and February 2019 with the application of questionnaires for personal and occupational characterization and the Work-Related Damage Assessment Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results Physical illness prevailed among nurses. Psychological and social damage were evaluated as bearable. The items "digestive disorders" (2.35±1.18), "bad mood" (2.41±1.12), "headache" (2.58±1.11), "body pain" (2.81±1.15), "back pain" (2.90±1.29), "sleep disorders" (2.96±1.28) and "leg pain" (3.00 ±1.25) had a critical evaluation by nurses, which represents a risk for illness. No significant associations between the studied variables and illness were identified. Conclusion Nurses are subject to risks for illness related to work in the university hospital under study that trigger physical illness. Social support is a likely explanation for not getting psychologically and socially ill.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Occupational Health , Nurses , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Assessment , Absenteeism , Social Factors , Hospitals, University , Occupational Diseases/classificationABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the frequency of occupational hazards and the criteria for their prevention among Iranian dentists. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 187 general dentists in Kerman. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including personal information (gender, age, marital status, condition and place and years of employment, and the average of weekly working hours) and a valid and reliable questionnaire of occupational hazards, including 24 questions about occupational hazards (6 domain) and nine questions about criteria for the prevention of the risks of dentistry. The t-test, chi-square, and linear regression were used. Results 92 (49.2%) were men. The mean and standard deviation of the score of occupational hazards was 27.04±16.21 out of 96, and the criteria of prevention were 22.00±7.28 out of 36. Regression analysis showed significant correlations between single statuses, years of occupational and type of employment, weekly work hours and occupational hazards, participation in occupational injury identification courses, and hepatitis vaccination. In addition, there were significant correlations between gender, age, weekly work hours, and preventive measures. Moreover, 3.2% of dentists were in a high-risk group and 26.2% were weak in preventive measures. Conclusion A total of 32.6% of dentists are at moderate risk of occupational hazards, and 10.7% meet the prevention criteria properly. It is recommended to hold training classes to identify occupational hazards and the criteria for their prevention among dentists.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Occupational Risks , Risk Factors , Dentists , Iran/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Dentistry/instrumentation , Chi-Square Distribution , Linear Models , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysis , Occupational Health , Disease Prevention , Occupational InjuriesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Work-related asthma (WRA) is highly prevalent in the adult population. WRA includes occupational asthma (OA), which is asthma caused by workplace exposures, and work-exacerbated asthma (WEA), also known as work-aggravated asthma, which is preexisting or concurrent asthma worsened by workplace conditions. In adults, the estimated prevalence of OA is 16.0%, whereas that of WEA is 21.5%. An increasing number of chemicals used in industrial production, households, and services are associated with the incidence of adult-onset asthma attributable to exposure to chemicals. This review article summarizes the different types of WRA and describes diagnostic procedures, treatment, prevention, and approaches to patient management. It is not always easy to distinguish between OA and WEA. It is important to establish a diagnosis (of sensitizer-/irritant-induced OA or WEA) in order to prevent worsening of symptoms, as well as to prevent other workers from being exposed, by providing early treatment and counseling on social security and work-related issues.
RESUMO A asma relacionada ao trabalho (ART) é um acometimento com elevada prevalência na população adulta. A ART inclui a asma ocupacional (AO), desencadeada pela exposição a um agente presente em um determinado ambiente de trabalho, e a asma agravada ou exacerbada pelo trabalho (AA/ET), que acomete indivíduos com antecedentes de asma ou que iniciaram um quadro de asma concomitante, mas sem relação causal com o ambiente de trabalho. Estima-se que 16,0% e 21,5% da asma no adulto sejam AO e AA/ET, respectivamente. O elevado e crescente número de substâncias químicas usadas na produção industrial, no uso domiciliar ou em serviços é responsável pela incidência de asma associada à exposição a agentes químicos na vida adulta. Este artigo de revisão descreve os principais tipos de ART, os procedimentos para seu diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção e as condutas frente ao diagnóstico. Nem sempre é fácil a distinção entre AO e AA/ET. A importância do diagnóstico (AO ou AA/ET e asma induzida por sensibilizantes ou irritantes) tem relação com a adoção de medidas de prevenção para evitar que novos indivíduos sejam expostos e que os acometidos apresentem agravamento da doença, utilizando tratamento precoce e fornecendo orientação sobre aspectos previdenciários e trabalhistas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Asthma, Occupational/diagnosis , Asthma, Occupational/etiology , Asthma, Occupational/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION@#Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of psychological distress. This study evaluates the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HCWs in a national paediatric referral centre.@*METHODS@#This was a survey-based study that collected demographic, work environment and mental health data from paediatric HCWs in the emergency, intensive care and infectious disease units. Psychological impact was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with psychological distress.@*RESULTS@#The survey achieved a response rate of 93.9% (430 of 458). Of the 430 respondents, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were reported in 168 (39.1%), 205 (47.7%) and 106 (24.7%), respectively. Depression was reported in the mild (47, 10.9%), moderate (76, 17.7%), severe (23, 5.3%) and extremely severe (22, 5.1%) categories. Anxiety (205, 47.7%) and stress (106, 24.7%) were reported in the mild category only. Collectively, regression analysis identified female sex, a perceived lack of choice in work scope/environment, lack of protection from COVID-19, lack of access to physical activities and rest, the need to perform additional tasks, and the experience of stigma from the community as risk factors for poor psychological outcome.@*CONCLUSION@#A high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was reported among frontline paediatric HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Personal psychoneuroimmunity and organisational prevention measures can be implemented to lessen psychiatric symptoms. At the national level, involving mental health professionals to plan and coordinate psychological intervention for the country should be considered.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anxiety/etiology , COVID-19/psychology , Depression/etiology , Health Surveys , Hospitals, Pediatric , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Pandemics , Personnel, Hospital/psychology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Self Report , Severity of Illness Index , Singapore/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/etiologyABSTRACT
Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a voz e características do trato vocal de instrumentistas de sopro, a fim de comparar achados de tais estudos e melhor compreender os eventuais riscos vocais a que esses músicos possam estar expostos. Metodologia: Foram pesquisados artigos publicados nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, PubMed e Google Acadêmico. Os artigos foram selecionados com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sendo verificada a adequação ao tema pesquisado, estar disponível em Português, inglês ou espanhol, após isso os artigos pré-selecionados passaram por uma analise de seu titulo e resumo para verificar se seriam utilizados na presente revisão. A questão norteadora que compôs a primeira etapa da pesquisa teve como abordagem a seguinte questão: Quais as características da voz e configurações do trato vocal de instrumentistas de sopro? Resultados: Foram selecionados sete artigos para compor a amostra da presente revisão. Os artigos selecionados foram lidos integralmente e seus dados foram organizados e catalogados. Conclusão: Com relação à qualidade vocal, os instrumentistas apresentaram maiores níveis de tensão e instabilidade quando comparados a não instrumentistas de sopro, e desvio vocal discreto. Há medialização das pregas vocais durante a execução do instrumento. É necessário estudar, separadamente, as categorias distintas de instrumentistas de sopro, a fim de melhor conhecer os efeitos específicos dessa prática no trato vocal.
Objective: To perform an integrative review of the literature on the voice and characteristics of the vocal tract of wind instrumentalists in order to compare the findings of such studies and better understand the possible vocal risks to which these musicians may be exposed. Methodology: A search was performed in the following databases SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and Google Scholar. The articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were checked as suitable to the researched topic, only studies available in Portuguese, English or Spanish were selected, further the title and the abstract of the selected articles were analyzed. The research was: What are the characteristics of voice and vocal tract configurations of wind instrumentalists? Results: Seven articles were selected to compose the sample of the present review. The full text of the selected articles was read and their data were organized and cataloged. Conclusion: Wind instrumentalists had voice qualities with more tension and instability than non-instrumentalists, and had discrete voice deviations. The vocal folds are medialized while the instrument is being played. Separate wind instrument categories should be studied so that the influence of this practice on the vocal tract can be better explored.
Objetivos: Realizar una revisión integrativa de la literatura sobre la voz y características del tracto vocal de instrumentistas de soplo, para comparar hallazgos de tales estudios y compreender mejor los eventuales riesgos vocales a que estos músicos puedan eventualmente estar expuestos. Metodología: Se han investigado artículos publicados em las bases de datosSciELO, LILACS, PubMed y Google Académico, seleccionados por criterios de inclusión y exclusión, disponibles em portugués, inglés o español. Fué verificada la adecuación al tema. Los artículos pre selecionados pasaron por análisis de título y resumen para verificar si serían utilizados em esta revisión. La cuestión orientadora que compuso la primera etapa de la investigación fué: ¿Cuáles son las características de la voz y configuraciones del trato vocal de instrumentistas de soplo? Resultados: Se seleccionaron siete artículos para componer la muestra de la presente revisión. Los artículos selecionados fueron leídos íntegramente y sus datos fueron organizados y catalogados. Conclusión: Con respecto a la calidad vocal, los instrumentistas presentaron niveles más altos de tensión e inestabilidad en comparación con los no instrumentistas del viento y una desviación vocal discreta. Hay medialización de las cuerdas vocales durante la ejecución del instrumento. Las categorias distintas de instrumentistas de soplo deverán ser estudiadas en separado, para que el efecto de esa practica em el tracto vocal sea mejor explorada y conocida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Voice Quality , Voice Training , Music , Voice Disorders/etiology , Occupational Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Introdução: Fatores de risco associados ao trabalho podem causar, entre outros, câncer de colo uterino. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura especializada a associação entre câncer de colo de útero e a exposição aos fatores ocupacionais de risco. Métodos: Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados eletrônicos com os seguintes descritores: câncer de colo uterino e riscos ocupacionais. Resultados: Trabalhadores expostos ao tabaco nas fábricas de cigarro, fluidos de motores, exposição ocupacional a fungos e bactérias e ao tetracloroetileno, presente em produtos de limpeza usados em lavanderias e para desengraxar metais, estariam mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de câncer de colo uterino. Conclusão: Há poucos estudos que identificam a relação entre o câncer de colo de útero e os fatores de risco ocupacional, dificultando a associação entre o carcinogênese e o fator de risco.
Background: Occupational risk factors are associated with many types of neoplasms including cervical cancer. Objective: To review the specialized literature for evidence on the relationship between cervical cancer and exposure to occupational hazards. Methods: Literature search in electronic databases using keywords cervical cancer and occupational risk. Results: Workers occupationally exposed to tobacco, fungi or bacteria, metalworking fluids and tetrachloroethylene used in dry cleaning and for metal degreasing exhibited higher susceptibility to cervical cancer. Conclusion: Few studies sought to investigate relationships between cervical cancer and occupational hazards, which hinders the attempts at establishing a causal link.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Occupational Risks , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/etiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Solvents/adverse effects , Tetrachloroethylene/adverse effects , Bacterial Infections/complications , Risk Factors , Tobacco Products/adverse effects , Mycoses/complicationsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify publishing related to the mental health of health professionals working in the front line of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: an integrative review that included primary articles indexed in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct databases and US National Library of Medicine databases. The result analysis was performed descriptively, in four analytical categories. Results: The publishing involved aspects related to insufficient personal protective equipment, feelings of fear and stigma, the need for psychological and psychiatric support and the possibility of post-outbreak mental disorders. Conclusion: All mentioned aspects have a direct impact on the mental health of professionals, demanding the creation of strategies that minimize the emotional burnout of workers, considering that each country and culture reacts differently to the disease.
RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar publicaciones relacionadas con la salud mental de los profesionales de la salud que trabajan frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: una revisión integradora que incluyó artículos primarios indexados en las bases de datos de Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct e US National Library of Medicine. El análisis descriptivo de los resultados se realizó en cuatro categorías analíticas. Resultados: las publicaciones incluyeron aspectos relacionados con la falta de equipo de protección personal, sentimientos de miedo y estigma, la necesidad de apoyo psicológico y psiquiátrico y la posibilidad de trastornos mentales posteriores al brote. Conclusión: Todos estos aspectos tienen un impacto directo en la salud mental de los profesionales y exigen el desarrollo de estrategias que minimicen el agotamiento emocional de los trabajadores, teniendo en cuenta que cada país y cultura reacciona de manera diferente a la enfermedad.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as publicações relacionadas com a saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde atuantes diante da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: revisão integrativa que incluiu artigos primários indexados nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct e US National Library of Medicine. A análise descritiva dos resultados foi realizada em quatro categorias analíticas. Resultados: As publicações envolveram aspectos relacionados com a insuficiência de equipamentos de proteção individual, sentimentos de medo e estigma, necessidade de apoio psicológico e psiquiátrico e a possibilidade de transtornos mentais pós-surto. Conclusão: Todos estes aspectos impactam diretamente na saúde mental dos profissionais e demandam o desenvolvimento de estratégias que minimizem o desgaste emocional dos trabalhadores, levando em conta que cada país e cultura reage de forma diferente em relação a doença.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/psychology , Mental Health , Health Personnel/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/psychology , Betacoronavirus , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Stereotyping , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Qualitative Research , Fear/psychology , Pandemics , Personal Protective Equipment/supply & distribution , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/psychologySubject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Charcoal/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Lung/physiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify workloads in nursing work and its association with nursing worker burnout. Method: a cross-sectional study, including 211 nursing workers from a university hospital, between July and August 2016. For the analysis, the descriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test, Fisher's Exact Test and Mann Whitney U-Test were used. Results: the most evidenced loads were biological. A significant association was found between workloads and workers' occupation, as well as a significant association between workloads and worker burnout. Burnout caused upper limb pain, neck and lumbar pain, lower limb pain, muscle spasm, lower limb edema, mental fatigue, headache, nervousness, and forgetfulness. Conclusion: workloads identification is a subsidy for the promotion of interventions that minimize the burnout generated to the health of the nursing worker.
RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las cargas de trabajo presentes en el trabajo de la Enfermería y su asociación con los desgastes a la salud de los trabajadores. Método: el estudio transversal, incluyendo 211 trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital universitario, entre julio y agosto de 2016. Para análisis, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y las Pruebas Qui-Cuadrado, Exacto de Fisher y Mann Whitney. Resultados: las cargas más evidenciadas fueron las biológicas. Se verificó una asociación significativa entre las cargas de trabajo y la función de los trabajadores, así como una asociación significativa entre cargas de trabajo y desgastes a la salud de los trabajadores. Los síntomas de agotamiento fueron dolor en miembros superiores, dolor en región cervical y lumbar, dolor en miembros inferiores, contractura muscular, edema en miembros inferiores, cansancio mental, cefalea, nerviosismo y olvido. Conclusión: la identificación de las cargas de trabajo sirve de subsidio para promoción de intervenciones que minimicen los desgastes generados a la salud del trabajador de la Enfermería.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as cargas de trabalho presentes no trabalho da Enfermagem e a sua associação com os desgastes à saúde dos trabalhadores. Método: estudo transversal, incluindo 211 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário, entre julho e agosto de 2016. Para análise, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e os Testes Qui-Quadrado, Exato de Fisher e Mann Whitney. Resultados: as cargas mais evidenciadas foram as biológicas. Verificou-se associação significativa entre as cargas de trabalho e a função dos trabalhadores, assim como associação significativa entre cargas de trabalho e desgastes à saúde dos trabalhadores. Os desgastes foram dor em membros superiores, dor em região cervical e lombar, dor em membros inferiores, contratura muscular, edema em membros inferiores, cansaço mental, cefaleia, nervosismo e esquecimento. Conclusão: a identificação das cargas de trabalho serve de subsídio para promoção de intervenções que minimizem os desgastes gerados à saúde do trabalhador da Enfermagem.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Workload/psychology , Nursing Assistants/psychology , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Brazil , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Workload/classification , Workload/statistics & numerical data , Statistics, Nonparametric , Allied Health Personnel/psychology , Hospitals, University , Middle Aged , Occupational Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Resumo O estado da saúde do professor é fundamental para o êxito do processo de ensino. Além dos aspectos intrínsecos, o contexto escolar afeta o bem-estar do educador. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais fatores psicossociais, estruturais e relacionais na profissão docente. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com o uso de pesquisa eletrônica em oito bases de dados, identificou 2.479 artigos sobre o tema, publicados entre 1997 e 2016. Adotaram-se parâmetros métricos e subjetivos para a seleção nesse portfolio e, ao todo, 32 publicações restaram elegíveis para análise, das quais 29 foram publicadas na língua inglesa. Transcorrida a caracterização bibliométrica e de conteúdo do portfolio final, os trabalhos apontaram, como principais resultados de desgaste, os transtornos psicossomáticos, com ênfase para o estresse e a Síndrome de Burnout, além dos distúrbios da voz. A carga de trabalho, as relações interpessoais e as condições do ambiente escolar são destacadas como os maiores agentes dessas enfermidades. Mudanças e adequações de salas de aula, ações de prevenção e suporte social são apontadas como possíveis soluções para garantir a qualidade de vida desses profissionais.
Abstract The state of health of the teacher is fundamental to the success of the teaching process. In addition to the intrinsic aspects, the scholastic context affects the well-being of the educator. The objective of this study was to identify the main psychosocial, structural and relational factors in the teaching profession. A systematic review of the literature, with the use of electronic research in eight databases, identified 2,479 articles on the topic published between 1997 and 2016. Metric and subjective parameters were adopted for selection in this portfolio and, in all, 32 publications were eligible for analysis, of which 29 were published in English. After the bibliometric and content characterization of the final portfolio, the main results of strain were psychosomatic disorders, with an emphasis on stress and the Burnout Syndrome, as well as voice disturbances. Workload, interpersonal relations and conditions of the scholastic environment are highlighted as the major agents of these conditions. Changes and adaptations in classrooms, actions of prevention and social support are pointed out as possible solutions to guarantee the quality of life of these professionals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychophysiologic Disorders/etiology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Voice Disorders/etiology , Educational Personnel/psychology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Occupational Health , Workplace/organization & administration , Workplace/psychologyABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To review articles that evaluated the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. METHODS The search for articles was carried out in the Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin America and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs) databases. RESULTS 64 articles were obtained from the electronic search; 18 articles met the eligibility criteria. All studies discussed the exposure to vibrations in the upper limbs. In 6 of them, the thermal issue was directly or indirectly addressed. No studies have addressed exposure to vinyl chloride. CONCLUSIO In general, a higher prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon was found among vibratory tool operators compared to non-exposed workers, with an increase in the number of cases the higher the level of vibration and the time of exposure. Cold is a triggering and aggravating factor of the Raynaud phenomenon and seems to play an important role in the emergence of vascular manifestations of the hand-arm vibration syndrome.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Realizar um estudo de revisão dos artigos que avaliaram a prevalência do fenômeno de Raynaud de origem ocupacional. MÉTODOS A busca pelos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs). RESULTADOS Sessenta e quatro artigos foram obtidos a partir da busca eletrônica, dos quais 18 cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade. Todos os estudos discutiram sobre a exposição a vibrações localizadas em membros superiores. Em seis deles, a questão térmica foi direta ou indiretamente abordada. Nenhum estudo abordou a exposição ao cloreto de vinila. CONCLUSÃO De maneira geral, constatou-se maior prevalência do fenômeno de Raynaud entre operadores de ferramentas vibratórias em comparação aos não expostos, com aumento do número de casos quanto maior o nível de vibração e tempo de exposição. O frio é fator desencadeante e agravante do fenômeno de Raynaud e parece exercer papel importante para o surgimento das manifestações vasculares da síndrome de vibração de mãos e braços.
Subject(s)
Humans , Raynaud Disease/etiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Raynaud Disease/epidemiology , Vinyl Chloride/adverse effects , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Cold Temperature/adverse effects , Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome/complications , Occupational Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract: Objective: Environmental and occupational agents are causes of cancer and disease worldwide while their control and the reduction of the associated disease burden remains complex. Materials and methods: This paper summarizes the current status of the burden of environmental and occupational causes of disease in the Americas based on presentations from a panel on environment, occupation and other environmental risk factors for cancer in the Americas, delivered in Panama, at the international conference Promoting Health Equity and Transnational Collaborations for the Prevention and Control of Cancer in the Americas. Results: Three case studies are presented to illustrate the impact of specific environmental and occupational agents and the challenge of control. Conclusions: There are still fully avoidable exposures to carcinogens, as well documented in the case of asbestos in Brazil. Thus, there are abundant targets for intervention to reduce cancer in the Americas.
Resumen: Objetivo: Los agentes ambientales y ocupacionales son causas de cáncer y enfermedades en todo el mundo, mientras que su control y reducción de la carga de enfermedad asociada siguen siendo puntos complejos. Material y métodos: Este documento resume el estado actual de la carga de las causas ambientales y ocupacionales de las enfermedades en las Américas a partir de las presentaciones de un panel sobre medio ambiente, ocupación y otros factores de riesgo ambientales para el cáncer en las Américas, realizado en Panamá, en la conferencia internacional Promoviendo la Equidad en Salud y las Colaboraciones Transnacionales para la Prevención y el Control del Cáncer en las Américas. Resultados: Se presentan tres estudios de caso para ilustrar el impacto de agentes ambientales y ocupacionales específicos y el desafío del control. Conclusiones: Todavía hay exposiciones totalmente evitables a los carcinógenos, como está bien documentado en el caso del asbesto en Brasil. Hay abundantes puntos estratégicos de intervención para reducir el cáncer en las Américas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Disease/etiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Panama , Asbestos/toxicity , Americas , Brazil , Carcinogens/toxicity , Petroleum Pollution/adverse effects , Epidemiology , Risk Factors , Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Burnt sugarcane harvesting requires intense physical exertion in an environment of high temperature and exposure to particulate matter. Objective: To evaluate the effects of burnt sugarcane harvesting on rhinitis symptoms and inflammatory markers in sugarcane workers. Methods: A total of 32 male sugarcane workers were evaluated with questionnaire for rhinitis symptoms, and for inflammatory markers on peripheral blood and nasal lavage, in the non-harvesting, and 3 and 6 months into the sugarcane harvesting period. Weather data and particulate matter fine concentrations were measured in the same day. Results: The particulate matter concentrations in sugarcane harvesting were 27 (23-33 µg/m3), 112 (96-122 µg/m3), and 63 (17-263 µg/m3); 24 h temperatures were 32.6 (25.4-37.4 ºC), 32.3 (26.7-36.7 ºC) and 29.7 (24.1-34.0 ºC) and relative humidities were 45.4 (35.0-59.7%), 47.9 (39.1-63.0%), and 59.9 (34.7-63.2%) in the non-harvesting period, three and 6 months of the harvesting period. The age was 37.4 ± 10.9 years. The prevalence of rhinitis symptoms was significantly higher at 3 months of the harvesting period (53.4%), compared to non-harvesting period (26.7%; p = 0.039) and at 6 months into the harvesting period (20%; p = 0.006). Concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in nasal lavage increased after 3 months of the harvesting period compared to the non-harvesting period (p = 0.012). The presence of rhinitis symptoms, after 3 months of the harvesting period, was directly associated with blood eosinophils and inversely associated with neutrophils. Conclusions: After 3 months of work in burnt sugarcane harvesting the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms and IL-6 in nasal lavage increased. Furthermore, eosinophil counts were directly associated with the rhinitis symptoms in the period of higher concentration of particulate matter.
Resumo Introdução: A colheita de cana-de-açúcar queimada requer esforço físico intenso em um ambiente com altas temperaturas e exposição a material particulado. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da colheita de cana-de-açúcar queimada nos sintomas de rinite e marcadores inflamatórios de cortadores de cana-de-açúcar. Método: Foram avaliados 32 cortadores de cana-de-açúcar do sexo masculino por meio de um questionário para sintomas de rinite, e marcadores inflamatórios em sangue periférico e lavado nasal, no período de entressafra, e em 3 e 6 meses após o início da colheita da cana-de-açúcar. Os dados climáticos e as concentrações de material particulado fino foram medidos no mesmo dia. Resultados: O material particulado fino na entressafra e em 3 e 6 meses de safra foi 27 (23-33 µg/m3), 112 (96-122 µg/m3) e 63 (17-263 µg/m3), respectivamente; a temperatura de 24 horas foi 32,6 (25,4º-37,4ºC), 32,3 (26,7º-36,7ºC) e 29,7 (24,1º-340ºC) e a umidade relativa do ar foi 45,4 (35,0%-59,7%), 47,9 (39,1%-63,0%), e 59,9 (34,7%-63,2%), na entressafra, 3 e 6 meses após o início da colheita. A idade foi de 37,4 ± 10,9 anos. A prevalência de sintomas de rinite foi significativamente maior em 3 meses da S (53,4%), comparado com a entressafra (26,7%; p = 0,039) e 6 meses da safra (20%; p = 0,006). As concentrações de interleucina 6 (IL-6) no lavado nasal aumentaram após 3 meses do início da colheita comparado com a entressafra (p = 0,012). A presença de sintomas de rinite, após 3 meses do início da colheita, foi diretamente associada com eosinófilos e inversamente associada com neutrófilos. Conclusões: Após 3 meses do início da colheita da cana-de-açúcar queimada, houve aumento na prevalência de sintomas de rinite e IL-6 em LN. Além disso, as contagens de eosinófilos foram diretamente associadas aos sintomas de rinite no período de maior concentração de material particulado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Rhinitis/etiology , Saccharum , Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Biomarkers/blood , Rhinitis/blood , Prevalence , Interleukin-4/blood , Interleukin-6/blood , Agriculture , Occupational Diseases/bloodABSTRACT
ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Adverse reactions associated with prick tests are rare but may be present as serious systemic reactions. CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old female nursing technician complained of three episodes of anaphylaxis in one year, all in the workplace. To investigate latex allergy, the patient underwent the prick test with latex, and immediately developed a rash, itchy skin, hoarseness, dyspnea and dry cough. Her condition improved promptly after appropriate measures were established for controlling her anaphylaxis. CONCLUSION: The skin test must be performed under medical supervision, since complications that can lead to life-threatening reactions, if support measures are not readily implemented, have been attributed to this test.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Skin Tests/methods , Latex Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Latex Hypersensitivity/complications , Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Posterior subcapsular cataract is a tissue reaction commonly found among professionals exposed to ionizing radiation. Objective: To assess the prevalence of cataract in professionals working in hemodynamics in Brazil. Methods: Professionals exposed to ionizing radiation (group 1, G1) underwent slit lamp examination with a biomicroscope for lens examination and compared with non-exposed subjects (group 2, G2). Ophthalmologic findings were described and classified by opacity degree and localization using the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Both groups answered a questionnaire on work and health conditions to investigate the presence of risk factors for cataract. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 112 volunteers of G1, mean age of 44.95 (±10.23) years, and 88 volunteers of G2, mean age of 48.07 (±12.18) years were evaluated; 75.2% of G1 and 85.2% of G2 were physicians. Statistical analysis between G1 and G2 showed a prevalence of posterior subcapsular cataract of 13% and 2% in G1 and G2, respectively (0.0081). Considering physicians only, 38% of G1 and 15% of G2 had cataract, with the prevalence of posterior subcapsular cataract of 13% and 3%, respectively (p = 0.0176). Among non-physicians, no difference was found in the prevalence of cataract (by types). Conclusions: Cataract was more prevalent in professionals exposed to ionizing radiation, with posterior subcapsular cataract the most frequent finding.
Resumo Fundamento: A catarata subcapsular posterior é uma reação tecidual encontrada com frequência nos profissionais expostos à radiação ionizante. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de catarata nos profissionais que atuam na área de hemodinâmica no Brasil. Métodos: Profissionais expostos à radiação ionizante (grupo 1, G1) foram submetidos ao exame biomicroscópico com lâmpada de fenda para avaliação do cristalino, e comparados aos não expostos (grupo 2, G2). Os achados foram descritos e classificados quanto ao grau de opacidade e localização por meio do Lens opacities classification system III. Ambos os grupos responderam questionário sobre condições de trabalho e de saúde para afastar fatores de risco para catarata, e foram comparados quanto aos achados. Foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Foram avaliados 112 voluntários (G1) com média de idade 44,95 (±10,23) anos e 88 voluntários (G2) com média de 48,07 (±12,18) anos. Desses, 75,2% (G1) e 85,2% (G2) eram médicos. A análise estatística entre os grupos G1 e G2 mostrou uma prevalência da catarata no grupo G1 de 33% comparada ao G2 de 16% (p = 0,0058), sendo a catarata subcapsular posterior presente em 13% no G1 e 2% no G2 (p = 0,0081). Considerando apenas os médicos, 38% no G1 e 15% no G2 (p = 0,0011) apresentaram catarata, sendo a subcapsular posterior 13% e 3% (p = 0,0176), respectivamente. No grupo dos profissionais não médicos, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevalência dos achados oftalmológicos. Conclusões: A catarata esteve mais presente no grupo de profissionais expostos à radiação ionizante, sendo que a catarata subcapsular posterior foi o dano tecidual mais encontrado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cataract/epidemiology , Radiation Exposure/adverse effects , Cardiologists/statistics & numerical data , Lens, Crystalline/radiation effects , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Radiation, Ionizing , Cataract/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Statistics, Nonparametric , Radiation Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Eye Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Hemodynamics , Occupational Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Resumo A elevada prevalência de alteração vocal no exercício do trabalho sinaliza um adoecimento coletivo, determinado pelo desgaste da voz sob precárias condições ocupacionais. Este artigo descreve a construção, no Brasil, do movimento histórico-político em busca do reconhecimento do distúrbio de voz como doença relacionada ao trabalho (DVRT). Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, com relato dos processos históricos, incluindo os sujeitos sociais, a produção de conhecimento, os fatos que marcaram a trajetória do movimento e as proposições de uma agenda estratégica, tendo em vista a urgência da inclusão do DVRT na lista de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho do Ministério da Saúde. Foram adotados três eixos de análise: a) técnico-científico, sobre os avanços na caracterização do distúrbio de voz e do nexo com o trabalho; b) jurídico-institucional, relativo às formas institucionais de reconhecimento jurídico deste nexo; e c) político-profissional, no qual se discute a articulação dos atores sociais na defesa do reconhecimento do DVRT. Durante quase duas décadas destacam-se o importante papel da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo no fomento às discussões e as principais dificuldades para o reconhecimento formal do DVRT.
Abstract The high prevalence of voice disorders among professionals who use their voice as a working tool, signals the existence of a collective illness caused by voice wear through poor working conditions and lack of social protection. This article describes the construction of a political movement seeking recognition of voice disorder as a work-related disease in Brazil. This is a narrative review on the historical processes, including social subjects, production of knowledge and the proposals for a strategic agenda, in view of the urgency of including voice disorder in the Brazilian Ministry of Health's list of work-related diseases. The analysis comprises three strands: a) technical and scientific, on advances in characterization of voice disorder and establishment of its connection with work; b) juridical and institutional, on legal recognition of this linkage; c) political and professional, on mobilization of social actors to advocate recognition of work-related voice disorders (WRVDs). The key role of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo in fomenting discussions about WRVDs over the course of this movement lasting nearly two decades is highlighted, along with the main difficulties in achieving formal recognition of WRVDs .
Subject(s)
Humans , Voice Disorders/epidemiology , Occupational Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Politics , Brazil/epidemiology , Voice Disorders/etiology , Prevalence , Health Policy , Occupational Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar os fatores demográficos, comportamentais e ocupacionais associados à obesidade em trabalhadores do transporte coletivo urbano de cidades da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal com 1.448 motoristas e cobradores da RMBH. Dados antropométricos, demográficos, comportamentais, de vínculo com a empresa e condições do ônibus foram coletados, em 2012, por meio de questionário aplicado face a face por entrevistador. Para o cálculo da obesidade, utilizou-se como ponto de corte o índice de massa corporal ≥ 30 kg/m2. Razões de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram ajustados pela técnica de regressão multivariada de Poisson. Resultados: A prevalência da obesidade entre os trabalhadores foi de 16,1%. O sexo feminino (RP = 1,84; IC95% 1,37 - 2,49), estar nas faixas etárias dos 30 aos 39 anos (RP = 1,66; IC95% 1,17 - 2,37) e dos 40 aos 49 anos (RP = 1,59; IC95% 1,04 - 2,42), tempo no cargo de 5,01 a 10 anos (RP = 1,52; IC95% 1,04 - 2,42) e 20,01 a 47 anos (RP = 1,90; IC95% 1,21 - 3,00) e inatividade física (RP 1,32; IC95% 1,01 - 1,73) permaneceram independentemente associados à obesidade após o ajuste multivariado dos dados. Conclusão: Tais achados evidenciam a necessidade de considerar, nas discussões sobre promoção da saúde dos rodoviários, ações que incentivem a participação dos trabalhadores em atividades saudáveis, assim como a melhoria da organização e gestão do trabalho, para que este seja um promotor de saúde e bem-estar nesta população.
ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the demographic, behavioral and occupational factors associated with obesity among urban collective transportation workers of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 1,448 drivers and collectors in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte. Anthropometric, demographic, behavioral data, as well as participants' link to the company and bus conditions were gathered in 2012 through a questionnaire applied by an interviewer. To calculate obesity, the body mass index cut off point was ≥ 30 kg/m2. Prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were adjusted by Poisson's multivariate regression. Results: The prevalence of obesity among urban collective transportation workers was 16.1%. Female sex (PR = 1.84; 95%CI 1.37 - 2.49), aging 30 to 39 years old (PR = 1.66; 95%CI 1.17 - 2.37) and 40 to 49 years old (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.04 - 2.42), being in the same job role from 5.01 to 10 years (PR = 1.52; 95%CI 1.04 - 2,42) and from 20.01 to 47 years (PR = 1.90; 95%CI 1.21 - 3.00), and physical inactivity (PR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.73) remained independently associated with obesity after multivariate adjustment data. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to consider actions that encourage employees to participate in healthy activities when discussing health promotion for public transport workers, as well as actions to improve the organization and management of work, so it becomes a health and well-being feature for this population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Obesity/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Automobile Driving , Transportation , Urban Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Occupational Health , Middle Aged , Obesity/etiology , Occupational Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
RESUMEN ¿Cómo estimar los riesgos para la salud de las y los trabajadores que manipulan residuos sólidos urbanos separando y clasificando materiales reciclables? Para responder esta pregunta, durante 2015, se realizó una investigación en terreno con una perspectiva ecoepidemiológica en dos centros de clasificación y acopio (uno urbano y otro en un descampado periurbano) ubicados en la zona sur del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Con el propósito de describir el proceso de trabajo, se utilizaron técnicas etnográficas (entrevistas, observación participante), proyectivas y de trabajo corporal, para caracterizar las condiciones y medio ambiente según riesgos y exigencias de la Organización Internacional de Trabajo para este trabajo no clásico. Las exigencias tenderían a concentrarse en el ingreso y salida de materiales, los riesgos del objeto de trabajo resultarían de la separación y, los riesgos biológicos, del ambiente de trabajo. Se encontró diversidad y poca planificación en el proceso de trabajo. Por ello, la caracterización de las condiciones y el medio ambiente de trabajo fue también una instancia de reflexividad entre trabajadores e investigadores sobre la creación-organización del ambiente de trabajo y la corporización de los padecimientos.
ABSTRACT How can the health risks be estimated of workers who handle urban solid waste sorting recyclable materials? To answer this question, during 2015, field research was carried out with an ecoepidemiological perspective in two classification and collection centers (one urban and another peri-urban) located in the southern area of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. In order to describe the work process, ethnographic techniques (interviews, participant observation), as well as other projective and body work techniques were utilized to characterize the conditions and environment of this nonclassical type of work using the framework of risks and demands recommended by the International Labor Organization. The demands tend to concentrate on the entry and exit of materials, the risks of the work object on the sorting of the materials, and the biological risks on the work environment. Within the work process, diversity and little planning were found. Therefore, the characterization of working conditions and environment was also an opportunity for reflexivity among workers and researchers regarding the creation and organization of the work environment and the embodiment of illness.