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1.
Tegucigalpa; Secretaría de Salud; sept. 2024. 63 p. tab. (PT10:2017, REV. 01-2024).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, BIMENA | ID: biblio-1579624

ABSTRACT

En Honduras, así como a nivel mundial, las tasas de nuevas infecciones por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) no han disminuido significativamente y siguen siendo altas en ciertos grupos poblacionales. El uso de medicamentos antirretrovirales (ARV) para la prevención del VIH, como el tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) a personas con VIH, la profilaxis previa a la exposición (PrEP) y la profilaxis posterior a la infección (PPE) son servicios de suma importancia que tienen grandes beneficios en lo que respecta a la reducción de las enfermedades y las muertes relacionadas con el VIH y a la prevención de nuevas infecciones por el VIH. La PPE forma parte del conjunto de intervenciones de prevención combinada enmarcadas en los objetivos 95-95-95 para 2030. Consiste en utilización de ARV a corto plazo con el fin de reducir la probabilidad de contraer el VIH después de una posible exposición. Las situaciones de potencial exposición al VIH constituyen una emergencia y el inicio precoz de la PPE cuando está indicada resulta clave para reducir la posibilidad de transmisión del VIH. No se destina como uso regular por las personas que pueden estar expuestas al VIH con frecuencia y tampoco tiene por objetivo reemplazar el uso regular de otros métodos de prevención de la infección por el VIH. Al igual que con cualquier intervención de prevención, la eficacia de la PPE depende de manera crítica de los altos niveles de cumplimiento y finalización del curso prescrito. Otros factores que pueden influir en la eficacia de la PPE incluyen el momento de inicio, el nivel de riesgo de exposición, la adherencia y la posible resistencia a los medicamentos. Teniendo en cuenta estas consideraciones, es posible que la PPE por sí sola no se considere 100 % eficaz, y forma parte de una estrategia más amplia para evitar contraer la infección por el VIH. El propósito de este documento es garantizar que los proveedores de salud en los diferentes niveles de atención, cumplan las disposiciones actualizadas sobre la PPE al VIH, así como las intervenciones para la prevención y manejo de riesgos de otras infecciones o enfermedades como ser hepatitis B (HB), hepatitis C (HC), tétanos y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS), y condiciones asociadas a la exposición al VIH. Estas disposiciones abarcan todos los tipos de exposición y todos los grupos de la población, incluidas las personas adultas, adolescentes, niños, niñas y lactantes. La aplicación de estos procedimientos por parte de los proveedores de salud mejorará el acceso y la adherencia a la PPE y de esta forma evitar nuevas infecciones...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , HIV , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/complications , Occupational Exposure , Transgender Persons , Personal Protective Equipment
3.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 39(3): 459-466, 2024-04-24.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554117

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La nueva era de la cirugía es cada vez más dependiente de la tecnología, y un ejemplo de ello es el uso generalizado de electrocauterio como parte primordial de la práctica quirúrgica. El humo quirúrgico es un subproducto de la disección y la coagulación de los tejidos producidas por los equipos de energía, que representa múltiples riesgos potenciales para la salud del grupo quirúrgico, sin embargo, se han minimizado los peligros causados por la exposición de manera frecuente y acumulativa a este aerosol. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis crítico, desde una posición reflexiva de la información disponible, estableciendo los posibles riesgos relacionados con la exposición al humo quirúrgico. Discusión. Es visible la necesidad imperativa de establecer directrices nacionales, pautas normativas y recomendaciones estandarizadas para cumplir con las exigencias dadas por los sistemas de gestión en salud ocupacional y seguridad del trabajo, cuyo objetivo principal es hacer efectivo el uso de mascarillas quirúrgicas apropiadas, la implementación de programa de vigilancia epidemiológica ambiental en sala de cirugía, la priorización del uso constante de aspiradores y sistemas de evacuación, y la ejecución de programas educativos de sensibilización dirigidos al personal implicado. De igual manera, se abre la inquietud de la necesidad de nuevos estudios para definir con mayor precisión el peligro de este aerosol. Conclusión. Se recomienda de manera responsable utilizar todas las estrategias preventivas existentes para intervenir en salas de cirugía los riesgos minimizados y olvidados del humo quirúrgico.


Introduction. The new era of surgery is increasingly dependent on technology, and an example of this is the widespread use of electrocautery as a primary part of surgical practice. Surgical smoke is a byproduct of the dissection and coagulation of tissues produced by energy equipment, which represents multiple potential health risks for the surgical group; however, the dangers caused by cumulative exposure have been minimized. Methods. A critical analysis was carried out from a reflective position of the available information, establishing the possible risks related to exposure to surgical smoke. Discussion. The imperative need to establish national normative guidelines and standardized recommendations to comply with the demands given by the occupational health and work safety management systems, whose main objective is to make effective the use of appropriate surgical masks, implementation of environmental epidemiological surveillance program in the operating room, prioritizing the constant use of vacuum cleaners and evacuation systems, and carrying out educational awareness programs aimed at the personnel involved. Likewise, there is concern about the need for new studies to more precisely define the danger of this aerosol. Conclusion. It is recommended to responsibly use all existing preventive strategies to intervene in operating rooms to minimize the forgotten risks of surgical smoke.


Subject(s)
Humans , Smoke Inhalation Injury , Occupational Exposure , Electrocoagulation , Operating Rooms , Health Risk , N95 Respirators
4.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 40(1): e701, mar. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: biblio-1560245

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de un trabajador de 31 años que desempeña tareas en un molino de granos desde hace 12 años y que ha desarrollado asma ocupacional. El objetivo del artículo es presentar los fundamentos utilizados para sostener el origen profesional del asma adquirido. Se describen las tareas laborales que desarrolla, materiales y medios de trabajo que utiliza. Se analiza en particular la exposición laboral a polvo orgánico y su vinculación temporal con la sintomatología respiratoria. Esta información permite comprender la importancia de las condiciones en las que realiza el trabajo y la exposición a un factor de riesgo, el polvo orgánico, para el desarrollo de la patología respiratoria laboral. Se realizaron mediciones de volumen máximo espiratorio pulmonar, con técnica de pico flujo, durante la jornada laboral y fuera de ésta. Se observaron variaciones del flujo espiratorio mayores a 20%, tanto durante la jornada laboral como fuera de ella, con similar patrón sintomático, según relata el trabajador. Se concluyó que existe evidencia del nexo causal entre el asma y el trabajo, por lo que se plantea el diagnóstico de asma ocupacional. Se destaca la importancia de evaluar los riesgos laborales en cada actividad para implementar planes de vigilancia de la salud, tanto del operario como del ambiente de trabajo, para prevenir la aparición como la evolución de esta u otras patologías que en muchos casos generan incapacidad para la tarea y deterioro de la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.


We present the case of a 31-year-old worker who has been working in a grain mill for 12 years and has developed work-related asthma. The objective of this article is to present the foundations used to support the occupational origin of the acquired asthma. The study describe the work tasks performed, the materials used, and the working methods. The work-related exposure to organic dust and its temporal relationship with respiratory symptoms is particularly analyzed. This information allows us to understand the importance of working conditions and exposure to organic dust, a risk factor, for the development of this work-related respiratory pathology. Measurements of maximum expiratory lung volume were made using the peak flow technique during and outside of the workday. Expiratory flow variations greater than 20% were observed, both during and outside of the workday, which followed a similar symptomatic pattern as reported by the worker. The study concluded that there is evidence of a causal link between asthma and work, thus suggesting the diagnosis of work-related asthma. The importance of assessing occupational risks in each activity to implement health surveillance plans for both workers and the work environment is highlighted, aiming to prevent the onset and progression of this and other pathologies that often result in work incapacity and deterioration of workers' quality of life.


Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 31 anos de idade que trabalha em um moinho de grãos há 12 anos e desenvolveu asma ocupacional. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar a justificativa da origem ocupacional da asma adquirida. Descrevemos as tarefas realizadas, os materiais e os meios de trabalho utilizados. Analisamos especialmente a exposição ocupacional à poeira orgânica e sua conexão temporal com a sintomatologia respiratória. Essas informações nos permitem entender a importância das condições em que o trabalho é realizado e a exposição a um fator de risco, a poeira orgânica, para o desenvolvimento da patologia respiratória ocupacional. As medições do volume pulmonar expiratório máximo foram realizadas com a técnica de pico de fluxo durante e fora da jornada de trabalho. Observamos variações no fluxo expiratório superiores a 20%, tanto durante quanto fora do horário de trabalho, com um padrão sintomático semelhante ao relatado pelo trabalhador. Concluímos que há evidências de um nexo causal entre asma e trabalho e, portanto, propomos o diagnóstico de asma ocupacional. Destacamos a importância de avaliar os riscos ocupacionais em cada atividade para implementar planos de vigilância da saúde tanto do trabalhador quanto do ambiente de trabalho, a fim de evitar o surgimento e a evolução dessa ou de outras patologias que, em muitos casos, geram incapacidade para a tarefa e deterioração da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores.


Subject(s)
Dust , Asthma, Occupational , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects
5.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1010120

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#Owing to shortage of surgical and N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) during the COVID-2019 pandemic, various masks were developed to prevent infection. This study aimed to examine the inward leakage rate (ILR) of sealed face masks and modified surgical masks using a quantitative fit test and compared it with the ILR of unmodified N95 FFRs.@*METHODS@#We conducted paired comparisons of ILRs of bent nose-fit wire masks, double masks, and N95 FFRs from October to December 2021. To measure the protective effectiveness of masks, participants wore masks, and the number of particles outside and inside the mask were measured. The ILR was based on the percentage of particles entering the mask using a fit tester.@*RESULTS@#We enrolled 54 participants (20 men and 34 women) in this study. The median ILR for surgical masks without and with a W-shaped bend in the nose-fit wire were 96.44% and 50.82%, respectively. The nose-fit wire adjustment reduced the ILR of surgical masks by a mean of 28.57%, which was significantly lower than the ILR without adjustment (P < 0.001). For double masks, with surgical or polyurethane masks on top of the W-shaped mask, the ILR did not differ significantly from that of N95. Although the filtration performance of double surgical masks matched that of N95 masks, their ILR was notably higher, indicating that double masks do not provide equivalent protection.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Wearing N95 masks alone is effective in many cases. However, surgical mask modifications do not guarantee consistent effectiveness. Properly selected, sealed masks with a good fit overcome leakage, emphasizing their crucial role. Without evidence, mask-wearing may lead to unexpected infections. Education based on quantitative data is crucial for preventing adverse outcomes.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , N95 Respirators , COVID-19/epidemiology , Masks , Pandemics/prevention & control , Respiratory Protective Devices , Materials Testing , Equipment Design , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control
6.
REVISA (Online) ; 13(2): 502-512, 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1577789

ABSTRACT

bjetivo: Desvelar o conhecimento dos trabalhadores rurais da fruticultura irrigada do Vale do São Francisco sobre interações entre agrotóxicos e seus riscos à saúde. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, realizada com trabalhadores da fruticultura irrigada de agosto a dezembro de 2023. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta de dados foram as entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo, resultando nas categorias temáticas: conhecimento sobre os agrotóxicos e classificação de risco, o uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual e a exposição aos agrotóxicos e efeitos na saúde Resultados: Os participantes eram majoritariamente do sexo masculino, jovens, pardos, com baixas renda e escolaridade, conhecem o conceito de agrotóxicos, porém desconhecem a classificação de risco e prejuízos gerados àsaúde ao longo prazo, enfatizando somente efeitos agudos. Percebeu-se também o uso inadequado dos equipamentos de proteção individual e desconhecimento dos prejuízos de saúde advindos dessa prática. Conclusãos: Evidencia-se a necessidade de estratégias de capacitação, além de políticas de promoção e proteção de saúde dessa população.


bjective: to reveal rural workers' knowledge about complex interactions between pesticides and their health risks. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, carried out with irrigated fruit farming workers from August to December 2023. The instruments used in data collection were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In the socioeconomic-demographic analysis, descriptive statistics were used. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to content analysis, resulting in thematic categories: knowledge about pesticides and risk classification, the use of personal protective equipment and exposure to pesticides and health effects. Results: The participants were mostly male, young, brown people, with low income and education, know the concept of pesticides, but are unaware of the risk classification and damage caused to health in the long term, emphasizing only acute effects, the inadequate use of personal protective equipment and lack of knowledge of the health damage resulting from this practice. Conclusions: The need for training strategies is evident, in addition to promoting and protecting the health of this population.


Objetivo: revelar el conocimiento de los trabajadores rurales sobre las interacciones complejas entre los pesticidas y sus riesgos para la salud. Método: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, realizada con trabajadores frutícolas de riego de agosto a diciembre de 2023. Los instrumentos utilizados en la recolección de datos fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas y cuestionarios. En el análisis socioeconómico-demográfico se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y sometidas a análisis de contenido, resultando en categorías temáticas: conocimientos sobre plaguicidas y clasificación de riesgo, uso de equipos de protección personal y exposición a plaguicidas y efectos en la salud.Resultados: Los participantes fueron en su mayoría hombres, jóvenes, morenos, con bajos ingresos y educación, conocen el concepto de plaguicidas, pero desconocen la clasificación de riesgo y los daños que causan a la salud a largo plazo, destacando sólo los efectos agudos, el uso inadecuado de equipos de protección personal y el desconocimiento de los daños a la salud resultantes de su uso. esta práctica. Conclusiones: Es evidente la necesidad de estrategias de capacitación, además de promover y proteger la salud de esta población.


Subject(s)
Agrochemicals , Rural Health , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health
7.
REVISA (Online) ; 13(4): 1-13, 2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1578434

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:analisar o contexto do risco ocupacional da enfermagem na assistência com quimioterápicos. Método:Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, realizada de setembro a novembro de 2023, para análise de contexto segundo Hinds et al. Buscou-se por estudos indexados nas bases de dados SCOPUS, PUBMED, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Embase, Google Acadêmico®, Academic Archive Online, Europe E-theses Portal, PsychINFO, The National Library of Australia's Trobe, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, Educational Resources Information Center, Portal de teses e dissertações da Capes, e por lista paralela de referências. Buscou-se responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: "quais os contextos que a assistência de enfermagem com quimioterápicos traz risco ocupacional?". A amostra foi composta de 35 estudos, possibilitando a análise dos contextos imediato, específico, geral e metacontexto, conforme o método. Resultados:O risco existente para a enfermagem representa um contexto imediato, influenciado pela não adesão aos EPI e desconhecimento acerca desses riscos, sendo estas formas de prevenir ou minimizar os riscos. Conclusão:A existência de legislação e norma demonstra a preocupação governamental, mas o desconhecimento dos profissionais impacta negativamente.


Objective:to analyze the context of occupational risk in nursing when providing chemotherapy. Method:This is a scoping review, carried out from September to November 2023, for context analysis according to Hinds et al. We searched for studies indexed in the databases SCOPUS, PUBMED, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Embase, Google Scholar®, Academic Archive Online, Europe E-theses Portal, PsychINFO, The National Library of Australia's Trobe, Repository Portuguese Open Access Scientific, Educational Resources Information Center, Capes theses and dissertations portal, and a parallel list of references. We sought to answer the following research question: "in what contexts does nursing care with chemotherapy drugs pose occupational risks?". The sample was composed of 35 studies, enabling the analysis of the immediate, specific, general and metacontext contexts, according to the method. Results:The existing risk for nursing represents an immediate context, influenced by non-adherence to PPE and lack of knowledge about these risks, these being ways of preventing or minimizing risks. Conclusion:The existence of legislation and standards demonstrates government concern, but professionals' lack of knowledge has a negative impact.


Objetivo: Tiene como objetivo analizar el contexto de riesgo laboral en enfermería al momento de brindar quimioterapia. Método:Se trata de una revisión de alcance, realizada de septiembre a noviembre de 2023, para análisis de contexto según Hinds et al. Se buscaron estudios indexados en las bases de datos SCOPUS, PUBMED, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Embase, Google Scholar®, Academic Archive Online, Europe E-theses Portal, PsychINFO, The National Library of Australia's Trobe, Repository Portuguese Open. Acceda al Centro de Información de Recursos Científicos, Educativos, al portal de tesis y disertaciones de la Capes y a un listado paralelo de referencias. Se buscó responder a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: "¿en qué contextos los cuidados de enfermería con medicamentos quimioterapéuticos plantean riesgos laborales?". La muestra estuvo compuesta por 35 estudios, permitiendo el análisis de los contextos inmediato, específico, general y metacontextual, según el método. Resultados:El riesgo existente para la enfermería representa un contexto inmediato, influenciado por la no adherencia al uso de EPI y el desconocimiento sobre estos riesgos, siendo estas formas de prevenir o minimizar riesgos. Conclusión:La existencia de legislación y normas demuestra preocupación gubernamental, pero el desconocimiento de los profesionales tiene un impacto negativo.


Subject(s)
Oncology Nursing , Occupational Risks , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health , Medication Therapy Management , Antineoplastic Agents
8.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 44: e257815, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1558741

ABSTRACT

Este artigo analisa os desafios e estratégias de atuação de psicólogas(os) nos Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social (CREAS) do norte de Minas Gerais durante a pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quanti-qualitativo, de corte transversal e com análise de conteúdo e estatística para a interpretação de dados primários e meio de questionário eletrônico, emergiram os seguintes eixos temáticos: (a) Perfil sociodemográfico das(os) trabalhadoras(es); (b) Medidas de prevenção à contaminação para quem? Impactos da pandemia na práxis da psicologia no CREAS; (c) Chegada das demandas no CREAS; e (d) Tenuidade entre as potencialidades e vicissitudes do uso das tecnologias digitais. Observou-se que a inserção das(os) trabalhadoras(es) nos CREAS é marcada por contratos temporários, altas jornadas de trabalho e baixa remuneração. Além disso, com a pandemia de covid-19, têm enfrentado obstáculos como a falta de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e de prevenção ao vírus. A chegada de demandas aos CREAS também foi afetada pela pandemia, como apontam as análises estatísticas dos registros mensais de atendimento dos municípios. As tecnologias digitais se configuraram como a principal estratégia adotada no ambiente de trabalho dos CREAS. Conclui-se que, se por um lado, a pandemia engendrou e acentuou obstáculos para a práxis da psicologia; por outro, a imprevisibilidade desse cenário e a potência da psicologia norte-mineira possibilitaram diversas estratégias para assistir os usuários.(AU)


This article analyses the challenges and strategies over the psychologists activity at the Specialized Reference Centers for Social Assistance (CREAS), from the north of the state of Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a descriptive, quantitative-qualitative study on content and statistics analysis for interpretation of primary and secondary data, with 19 psychologists participating. From interviews made with electronic questionnaires, the following theatrical axes emerged: (a) Social demographic profile of workers; (b) Prevention measures over contamination directed to which public? The impacts of the pandemic over the practice of psychology at CREAS; (c) Demand reception at CREAS; and (d) Tenuity between potentialities and vicissitudes of the use of digital technologies. The workers insertion at CREAS is notably marked by transitory working contracts, long labor journeys, and low wages. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing hindrances such as the lack of personal protection equipment (PPE) and virus prevention. The demands received by CREAS were also affected by the pandemic, as shown in the statistics analysis from monthly county treatment records. The digital technologies were the main strategy enforced by the working environment at CREAS. In conclusion, if on the one hand, the pandemic produced and increased obstacles for the practice of Psychology, on the other hand, the unpredictability of this scenery and the capacity of the psychology of the north of Minas Gerais enabled diverse strategies to attend the users.(AU)


Este artículo analiza los desafíos y las estrategias en la actuación de psicólogas(os) en los Centros de Referencia Especializados de Asistencia Social (CREAS) del norte de Minas Gerais (Brasil) durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cualicuantitativo, de cohorte transversal, con análisis de contenido y estadísticas para la interpretación de datos primarios y secundarios, en el cual participaron 19 psicólogas(os). De las entrevistas en un cuestionario electrónico surgieron los siguientes ejes temáticos: (a) perfil sociodemográfico de los(as) trabajadores(as); (b) medidas de prevención de la contaminación ¿para quién? Impactos de la pandemia en la praxis de la psicología en CREAS; (c) la llegada de demandas a CREAS y; (d) la tenuidad entre las potencialidades y vicisitudes del uso de tecnologías digitales. Se observó que la inserción de las(os) trabajadoras(es) en el CREAS está marcada por contratos laborales temporales, largas jornadas y baja remuneración. Además, con la pandemia de la COVID-19, se han enfrentado a obstáculos como la falta de equipo de protección personal (EPP) y prevención del virus. La llegada de demandas al CREAS también se vio afectada por la pandemia, como lo demuestran los análisis estadísticos de los registros mensuales de atención de los municipios. Las tecnologías digitales se han convertido en la principal estrategia adoptada en el entorno laboral de los CREAS. Se concluye que si, por un lado, la pandemia engendró y acentuó obstáculos a la praxis de la Psicología, por otro, la imprevisibilidad de este escenario y el poder de la Psicología en el norte de Minas Gerais posibilitaron varias estrategias para asistir a los usuarios.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Psychology, Social , Public Policy , Social Support , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Patient Advocacy , Patient Care Team , Patient Escort Service , Personal Satisfaction , Population , Poverty , Prejudice , Psychology , Quality of Health Care , Rehabilitation , Safety , Sex Offenses , Social Class , Social Control, Formal , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Social Welfare , Socioeconomic Factors , Stress, Psychological , Unemployment , Violence , Population Characteristics , Child Labor , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Unified Health System , Child Abuse, Sexual , Occupational Risks , Activities of Daily Living , Accidents, Occupational , Family , Child Advocacy , Residence Characteristics , Triage , Occupational Exposure , Workplace , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Communication Barriers , Community Health Services , Comprehensive Health Care , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Conflict, Psychological , Cultural Diversity , Life , Health Risk , Personal Autonomy , Whistleblowing , Harm Reduction , Human Rights Abuses , Depression , Economics , Employment , Equipment and Supplies, Hospital , Violence Against Women , Job Market , User Embracement , Measures of Association, Exposure, Risk or Outcome , Ethics , Professional Training , Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services , Family Conflict , Social Networking , Compassion Fatigue , Physical Abuse , Digital Divide , Psychosocial Support Systems , Occupational Stress , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Respect , Solidarity , Universalization of Health , Social Integration , Right to Health , Universal Health Care , Empowerment , Mediation Analysis , Social Inclusion , Emotional Abuse , Financial Stress , Neighborhood Characteristics , Sociodemographic Factors , Intersectional Framework , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Socio-Educational Measure , Job Security , Emotional Exhaustion , Time Pressure , Accident Prevention , Health Planning , Health Policy , Health Services Accessibility , Housing , Human Rights , Interpersonal Relations , Leisure Activities , Life Change Events , Masks , Mental Health Services
9.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 40(3): e701, 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: biblio-1570026

ABSTRACT

La infección por Streptococcus suis es una zoonosis proveniente de los cerdos con manifestaciones clínicas variadas dentro de las cuales la meningitis purulenta es la más frecuente. Es una infección con baja mortalidad, pero con graves secuelas en un importante número de casos. Hasta el momento han sido reportados 5 casos Uruguay. Presentamos los casos de dos pacientes trabajadores rurales con exposición a cerdos, que ambos se presentaron como meningitis aguda supurada con buena evolución clínica con tratamiento antibiótico y cortocoideo. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura sobre este tema enfatizando aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, microbiológicos y del tratamiento.


The infection by Streptococcus suis is a zoonosis transmitted from pigs to humans with a wide clinical manifestation among which purulent meningitis is the most frequent. It's an infection with low mortality but with severe sequalae. Up to date, only 5 cases, including ours, have been reported in our country. We present the cases of two rural worker patients with exposure to pigs, who both presented as acute purulent meningitis with good clinical outcome due to antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment. We present a review of the literature empathizing on clinical, epidemiological, microbiological and treatment aspects.


A infecção por Streptococcus suis é uma zoonose proveniente de suínos com manifestações clínicas variadas, sendo a meningite purulenta a mais comum. É uma infecção com baixa mortalidade, mas com graves sequelas em um número significativo de casos. Até o momento, foram relatados 5 casos no Uruguai. Apresentamos os casos de dois pacientes trabalhadores rurais com exposição a suínos, ambos apresentando-se como meningite aguda purulenta com boa evolução clínica com tratamento antibiótico e corticosteroide. Realizamos uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema, enfatizando aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, microbiológicos e de tratamento.


Subject(s)
Streptococcus suis , Meningoencephalitis , Occupational Exposure , Bacterial Zoonoses
10.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 33: e33105, Jan.-Dez. 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1570339

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O Brasil é o maior consumidor mundial de agrotóxicos desde 2009. Há maior risco de intoxicação e morte entre trabalhadores rurais expostos a agrotóxicos. Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento e a percepção dos riscos da exposição aos agrotóxicos e transtornos mentais relacionados à essa exposição entre trabalhadores rurais do município de Teixeiras-MG. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal. A amostra foi composta por 63 trabalhadores expostos ao uso de agrotóxicos e 129 não expostos. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre março e setembro de 2018. Foram utilizados um questionário semiestruturado, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e o General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados entende que os agrotóxicos são venenos (71,4% expostos e 89,0% não expostos). Sabem o que é Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPI) (65,0% expostos e 50,4% não expostos), mas não utilizam (66,7% expostos). Entre os expostos, a maioria apresentava sinais de depressão (BDI: 77,8%; GHQ-12: 54,0%), enquanto a maioria entre os não expostos não apresentava (BDI 89,9%; GHQ-12: 82,4%). Conclusão: Esses resultados estão de acordo com a literatura científica. Os resultados reforçam a vulnerabilidade social e laboral dos trabalhadores do grupo expostos pesquisados.


Introduction: Brazil is the world's largest consumer of pesticides since 2009. There is a greater risk of poisoning and death among rural workers exposed to pesticides. Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate knowledge and perception of risk, as well as exposition-related mental health disorders among rural workers in the municipality of Teixeiras, MG. Methods: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted. The sample consisted of 63 workers exposed to the use of pesticides and 129 not exposed. Data collection took place between March and September 2018. A semi-structured questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) were used. Results: Most respondents understand that pesticides are poisons (71.4% exposed and 89.0% not exposed). They know what Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is (65.0% exposed and 50.4% not exposed), but do not use it (66.7% exposed). Among those exposed, most showed signs of depression (BDI: 77.8%; GHQ-12: 54.0%), while the majority among those not exposed did not show (BDI 89.9%; GHQ-12: 82.4%). Conclusion: These results are consistent with the scientific literature. The results reinforce the social and labor vulnerability of workers in the exposed group surveyed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Rural Workers , Rural Health , Occupational Exposure , Agrochemicals/adverse effects , Health Status , Mental Health , Personal Protective Equipment , Social Vulnerability , Agrochemical Control
11.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 31: e3765, Jan.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1424037

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: to identify the vaccination and serological status against hepatitis B among community health workers; to vaccinate against hepatitis B virus and to evaluate the immune response of susceptible workers. Method: phase I, cross-sectional and descriptive study, among community health workers in a capital city of the Midwest region, through a self-administered questionnaire, checking of vaccination cards, and blood collection for testing of serological markers for hepatitis B. Phase II, cohort study carried out in vaccinated non-immune workers identified in phase I. They received one dose of vaccine (challenge dose) and serological testing. Results: a total of 109 workers participated in the study. Most had vaccination record (97; 89.0%) and vaccination completeness (75; 77.3%), while the isolated anti-HBs (Antibodies against hepatitis B virus) marker was detected in 78 (71.6%) workers. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus exposure was 8.2%. Of the ten non-immune vaccinated workers, after challenge dose, one remained susceptible. Conclusion: although most workers are vaccinated and show immunological response to hepatitis B, susceptibility after challenge dose was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to have a surveillance program of the vaccination situation and serological status for this virus, to promote these workers' safety.


Resumo Objetivo: identificar a situação vacinal e sorológica contra hepatite B entre agentes comunitários de saúde; vacinar contra o vírus da hepatite B e avaliar a resposta imunológica dos agentes susceptíveis. Método: fase I, estudo transversal e descritivo, entre agentes comunitários de saúde de uma capital da região Centro-oeste, por meio de questionário autoaplicável, conferência do cartão vacinal e coleta de sangue para testagem dos marcadores sorológicos para hepatite B. Fase II, estudo de coorte realizado em trabalhadores vacinados não imunes e identificados na fase I. Estes receberam uma dose da vacina (dose desafio) e teste sorológico. Resultados: participaram do estudo 109 agentes. A maioria tinha registro de vacinação (97; 89,0%) e completude vacinal (75; 77,3%), já o marcador anti-HBs (anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite B) isolado foi detectado em 78 (71,6%) agentes. A prevalência de exposição ao vírus da hepatite B foi de 8,2%. Dos dez agentes vacinados não imunes, após a dose desafio, um permaneceu susceptível. Conclusão: apesar da maioria dos trabalhadores estarem vacinados e apresentarem resposta imunológica para hepatite B, a suscetibilidade após a dose desafio foi identificada. Portanto, é necessário que haja um programa de vigilância da situação vacinal e estado sorológico para este vírus, para promover a segurança destes trabalhadores.


Resumen Objetivo: identificar la situación de la vacunación y serología contra la hepatitis B entre agentes comunitarios de la salud, vacunar contra el virus de la hepatitis B y evaluar la respuesta inmunológica de los agentes susceptibles. Método: fase I, estudio transversal y descriptivo, entre agentes comunitarios de la salud de una capital de la región centro oeste, por medio de cuestionario autoadministrado, verificación del carné de vacunación y extracción de sangre para comprobar los marcadores serológicos para la hepatitis B. Fase II, estudio de cohorte realizado en trabajadores vacunados no inmunes e identificados en la Fase I; estos recibieron una dosis de la vacuna (dosis de desafío) y realizaron el test serológico. Resultados: participaron del estudio 109 agentes. La mayoría tenía registro de vacunación (97; 89,0%) y de cobertura de vacunación (75; 77,3%); el marcador anti-HBs (Anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis B) aislado fue detectado en 78 (71,6%) de los agentes. La prevalencia de exposición al virus de la hepatitis B fue de 8,2%. De los diez agentes vacunados no inmunes, después de la dosis desafío, uno permaneció susceptible. Conclusión: a pesar de que la mayoría de los trabajadores estaban vacunados y presentaron respuesta inmunológica para la hepatitis B, la susceptibilidad, después de la dosis desafío, fue identificada. Por tanto, es necesario que exista un programa de vigilancia de la situación de vacunación y estado serológico para este virus, para promover la seguridad de estos trabajadores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B virus , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health , Community Health Workers , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B Antibodies
12.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 31: e3741, Jan.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1424049

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: to analyze the implications of the pandemic on the Nursing team's occupational health according to its performance in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 units. Method: a multicenter and mixed-methods study, with a sequential explanatory strategy. A total of 845 professionals took part in the first stage, answering an electronic form which contained sociodemographic and work-related variables, as well as about the pandemic and their health, in addition to the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. 19 professionals were interviewed in the second stage. The quantitative data were submitted to statistical analysis and the qualitative ones to thematic content analysis, with integration by connection. Results: the pandemic exerted impacts on the professionals' health, both in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 areas. However, composition of the teams presented different characteristics between the areas, as well as the risk perceptions and the work demands. Conclusion: the professionals working in areas COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 areas are equally affected, although with different work exposure regarding the requirements at work in the COVID-19 units and the fear of contamination in non-COVID-19 units.


Resumo Objetivo: analisar as implicações da pandemia sobre a saúde ocupacional da equipe de enfermagem conforme a atuação em unidades dedicadas e não dedicadas à COVID-19. Método: estudo multicêntrico, de método misto, estratégia explanatória sequencial. Participaram 845 profissionais na primeira etapa, respondendo a um formulário eletrônico contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais, sobre a pandemia e sua saúde e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Na segunda etapa, 19 profissionais foram entrevistados. Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos à estatística analítica e os qualitativos à análise temática de conteúdo, sendo integrados por conexão. Resultados: os impactos da pandemia sobre a saúde dos profissionais ocorreram tanto nas áreas dedicadas como nas não dedicadas à COVID-19. Contudo, a composição das equipes apresentou características distintas entre as áreas, bem como as percepções de risco e das exigências no trabalho. Conclusão: os profissionais que atuam em áreas dedicadas e não dedicadas à COVID-19 estão igualmente adoecidos, mas com exposição laboral distinta quanto às exigências no trabalho nas unidades dedicadas e o medo da contaminação nas unidades não dedicadas.


Resumen Objetivo: analizar las consecuencias que tuvo la pandemia en la salud ocupacional de los enfermeros según si se desempeñaban en unidades dedicadas y no dedicadas al COVID-19. Método: estudio multicéntrico, método mixto, estrategia explicativa secuencial. En la primera etapa participaron en total 845 profesionales que respondieron un formulario electrónico que contenía variables sociodemográficas, ocupacionales, sobre la pandemia y la salud y el Self-Reporting Questionnaire. En la segunda etapa, fueron entrevistados 19 profesionales. Los datos cuantitativos fueron sometidos a estadística analítica y los datos cualitativos al análisis de contenido temático, posteriormente, ambos fueron integrados por conexión. Resultados: los impactos de la pandemia en la salud de los profesionales se produjeron tanto en las áreas dedicadas como en las no dedicadas al COVID-19. Sin embargo, la composición de los equipos presentó distintas características entre las áreas, así como también diferentes percepciones de riesgo y exigencias en el trabajo. Conclusión: los profesionales que trabajan en áreas dedicadas y no dedicadas al COVID-19 se enfermaron por igual, pero tuvieron diferente exposición ocupacional debido a las exigencias que presentaba el trabajo en las unidades dedicadas y al miedo al contagio en las unidades no dedicadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Practice , Occupational Exposure , COVID-19 , Working Conditions , Nursing, Team
13.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;40(5): 564-568, oct. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521870

ABSTRACT

Mpox es una zoonosis vírica que causa síntomas similares a la viruela, aunque menos graves. La infección fue descrita inicialmente en África central y occidental. Luego del brote multinacional ocurrido el año 2022, ya no es considerada una emergencia de salud pública de importancia internacional. El mecanismo de transmisión es por contacto físico estrecho o directo con lesiones cutáneas de individuos infectados. Presentamos el caso clínico de una enfermera que se infectó por mpox tras un accidente cortopunzante durante la toma de muestra de una lesión por desteche con bisturí en un paciente con VIH. La transmisión percutánea tuvo un período de incubación corto, seguido de una lesión cutánea y síntomas sistémicos. Aunque infrecuente, se destaca el riesgo de transmisión ocupacional de mpox en la atención clínica. Es importante que el personal sanitario adhiera estrictamente a las medidas de prevención, como el uso de equipo de protección personal y la práctica segura en la toma de muestra.


Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis that causes symptoms similar to smallpox, but less severe. The infection was initially described primarily in central and western Africa. After multi-country outbreak in 2022; it is currently no longer a public health emergency of international concern. The main mode of transmission is through close or direct contact with the skin lesions of an infected individual. We report a case of a nurse was infected with mpox after a needlestick injury during a skin sample collection from an HIV-positive patient. Percutaneous transmission resulted in a short incubation period, followed by a skin lesion and systemic symptoms. This case highlights the risk of occupational transmission of mpox in healthcare settings. It is important for healthcare workers to take rigorous prevention measures, such as the use of appropriate personal protective equipment and safe sample collection practices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Occupational Exposure , Needlestick Injuries , Mpox (monkeypox)/transmission
14.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);43(3): 330-343, sept. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533944

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La psitacosis es una enfermedad zoonótica causada por Chlamydia psittaci. Esta bacteria es catalogada como un agente con potencial bioterrorista y ha causado múltiples brotes en trabajadores con exposición laboral a aves en diferentes lugares del mundo. En Colombia, no se hace seguimiento epidemiológico de la infección y existe una gran brecha en el conocimiento. Objetivos. Determinar la frecuencia de anticuerpos contra C. psittaci en trabajadores con exposición laboral a aves y sus factores asociados. Además, revisar la literatura en relación con los estudios sobre el tema realizados en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con intención analítica, en trabajadores en contacto con aves y se revisó la literatura científica relacionada en Colombia. Se detectaron anticuerpos IgM e IgG contra C. psittaci en suero por microinmunofluorescencia. La descripción de las características sociodemográficas y de exposición se hizo con frecuencias y medidas de resumen. Se exploraron factores asociados por análisis bivariados y multivariados. La revisión de la literatura científica y gris se hizo con búsqueda estructurada. Resultados. Se analizaron 54 trabajadores en contacto con aves y se encontró una prevalencia de anticuerpos del 31,5 %. El ejercer funciones de sacrificio y faenado de las aves sin ser médico veterinario fue un factor de riesgo para la presencia de anticuerpos. Solo se encontraron cuatro estudios previos sobre C. psittaci hechos en Colombia. Conclusiones. Este estudio constituye la primera evidencia de la circulación de C. psittaci en trabajadores en contacto con aves en Antioquia y el segundo reporte en el país. Estos hallazgos aportan desde la salud pública a la estrategia One Health.


Introduction. Psittacosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci, a bacterium classified as an agent with bioterrorist potential. It has caused multiple outbreaks in exposed poultry workers around the world. Colombia has no epidemiological follow-up of the infection and a big knowledge gap. Objectives. To determine the antibodies' frequency against C. psittaci in workers with occupational exposure to birds and to review the literature on studies conducted in Colombia. Materials and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical intent on workers in contact with birds and reviewed the related literature in Colombia. IgM and IgG serum antibodies against C. psittaci were detected by microimmunofluorescence. The sociodemographic and exposure characteristics were expressed as frequencies and summary measures. Associated factors were explored by bivariate and multivariate analysis. The scientific and gray literature review was done with a structured search. Results. We analyzed 54 workers in contact with birds. Antibody prevalence was 31.5%. Slaughtering and evisceration by non-veterinarians was a risk factor for antibody presence. There are only four previous studies on C. psittaci in Colombia. Conclusions. Here, we present the first evidence of C. psittaci circulation among workers exposed to birds in Antioquia and the second report in the country. These findings contribute to the "One Health" public health strategy.


Subject(s)
Psittacosis , Birds , Occupational Exposure , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Chlamydophila psittaci , One Health
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(7): 929-933, jul. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565667

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Centro Internacional de Investigaciones sobre el Cáncer incluyó la exposición ocupacional y ambiental de bomberos, en su listado de carcinógenos para humanos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un scoping review de la literatura disponible sobre el riesgo de cáncer en bomberos, inicialmente una búsqueda primaria de artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en PubMed, usando los términos MeSH "Neoplasms" AND "Firefighters", encontrándose un total de 38 textos. Adicionalmente, se realizó una búsqueda secundaria en la misma base de datos y período de tiempo, utilizando los términos "Ocupational Exposure" AND "Risk" AND "Firefighters" AND "Cancer" encontrándose 77 artículos. De este listado se seleccionaron 3 artículos de la búsqueda primaria y 3 de la búsqueda secundaria que fueron incluidos en la revisión. RESULTADOS: Se ha documentado que los bomberos están potencialmente expuestos, en todos los tipos de emergencias con fuego, a una variedad de sustancias tóxicas y cancerígenas. En diversos metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas se encontraron asociaciones entre la extinción de incendios y algunos tipos de cáncer. Conclusiones: Identificar asociaciones entre las exposiciones ocupacionales de los bomberos y el riesgo de cáncer es una tarea desafiante principalmente debido al origen multifactorial del cáncer. La mejor forma de disminuir la exposición es implementando medidas de prevención.


INTRODUCTION: the International Agency for Research on Cancer included the occupational and environmental exposure of firefighters, in the list of carcinogens for humans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A scoping review of the available literature on the risk of cancer in firefighters was carried out. Results: It has been documented that firefighters are potentially exposed, in all types of fire emergencies, to a variety of toxic and carcinogenic substances. In several meta-analyses and systematic reviews, associations were found between firefighting and some types of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying associations between firefighters' occupational exposures and cancer risk is a challenging task mainly due to the multifactorial origin of cancer. The best way to reduce exposure is to implement preventative measures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Firefighters/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/etiology , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment , Fires
16.
J. health med. sci. (Print) ; 9(3): 3-9, jul.2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1519661

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is to provide a methodology for evaluating the committed effective dose E(50) due to the incorporation of [18F] FDG in the occupationally exposed worker (OEW) of the Cyclotron-PET/CT Laboratory of the Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Atómicas, Nucleares y Moleculares (CICANUM) at Universidad de Costa Rica using in vivo measurements. The measurement system was calibrated to perform in vivo measurements and defined as the corresponding bioassay function for the radiopharmaceutical used. The conversion factor was assessed with a known activity of 18F in the geometry and measurement time established. Among the most relevant results, the measurement parameters and the calibration procedure were defined. A value of 1.73 x 103 Bq/cps for in vivo brain measurements was obtained as a conversion factor. This study provides a methodology, to evaluate the committed effective dose due to the incorporation of 18F-FDG in a radionuclide production and diagnostic center


Subject(s)
Radiation Protection , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Cyclotrons/instrumentation , Radiation Dosage
17.
J. Health Sci. Inst ; 41(2): 73-76, apr-jun 2023. Quadros
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1531165

ABSTRACT

Objetivos ­ Identificar os agrotóxicos utilizados pelos agricultores familiares do povoado Passagem do Sargento, Juazeiro-BA e verificar os riscos à saúde do agricultor relacionados com o método de uso e a exposição a esses produtos. Métodos ­ Foram entrevistados quatro agricultores familiares e por meio de pesquisas na literatura, bulas dos agrotóxicos e consultas às fichas de informações de segurança de produtos químicos, foram identificados os possíveis efeitos dos agrotóxicos sobre a saúde e se os produtos químicos estão sendo utilizados de acordo com a praga e cultura às quais se destinam. Resultados ­ Verificou-se que os agricultores não seguem as indicações dos fabricantes contidas nos rótulos, seja em relação a frequência de seu uso, seja em relação à indicação da planta alvo. Além disso, um terço dos agrotóxicos utilizados por eles são classificados como extremamente tóxicos para a saúde humana, o que evidencia o potencial de danos de grande magnitude para os trabalhadores que os manuseiam, sobretudo por não seguirem as indicações contidas nas bulas. Conclusão ­ Diante dos riscos identificados, é necessária a atuação do poder público no fornecimento de assistência técnica, no sentido de fornecer informações adequadas para os agricultores familiares, buscando proteger esses trabalhadores dos efeitos nocivos dos agrotóxicos e viabilizar o processo produtivo.


Objective ­ To identify the pesticides used by family farmers in the village of Passagem do Sargento, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil, and to verify the risks to the health of the farmer related to the method of use and exposure to these products. Methods ­ Four family farmers were interviewed and, through research in the literature, package inserts and consultations with the safety information sheets of chemical products, the possible effects of pesticides on health were identified and whether the chemical products are being used according to the pest and crop at which are intended. Results ­ It was verified that the farmers do not follow the manufacturers' indications contained in the labels, either in relation to the frequency of its use, or in relation to the indication of the target plant. In addition, one third of the pesticides used by them are classified as extremely toxic to human health, which highlights the potential for great damage to the workers who handle them, especially for not following the instructions contained in the leaflets. Conclusion ­ In view of the identified risks, it is necessary for the public authorities to provide technical assistance, in order to provide adequate information to family farmers, seeking to protect these workers from the harmful effects of pesticides and make the production process viable.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Rural Health , Agrochemicals , Risk Assessment , Occupational Exposure , Personal Protective Equipment
18.
Biomed. environ. sci ; Biomed. environ. sci;(12): 490-500, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981079

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#The study aimed to estimate the benchmark dose (BMD) of coke oven emissions (COEs) exposure based on mitochondrial damage with the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) as a biomarker.@*METHODS@#A total of 782 subjects were recruited, including 238 controls and 544 exposed workers. The mtDNAcn of peripheral leukocytes was detected through the real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Three BMD approaches were used to calculate the BMD of COEs exposure based on the mitochondrial damage and its 95% confidence lower limit (BMDL).@*RESULTS@#The mtDNAcn of the exposure group was lower than that of the control group (0.60 ± 0.29 vs. 1.03 ± 0.31; P < 0.001). A dose-response relationship was shown between the mtDNAcn damage and COEs. Using the Benchmark Dose Software, the occupational exposure limits (OELs) for COEs exposure in males was 0.00190 mg/m 3. The OELs for COEs exposure using the BBMD were 0.00170 mg/m 3 for the total population, 0.00158 mg/m 3 for males, and 0.00174 mg/m 3 for females. In possible risk obtained from animal studies (PROAST), the OELs of the total population, males, and females were 0.00184, 0.00178, and 0.00192 mg/m 3, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on our conservative estimate, the BMDL of mitochondrial damage caused by COEs is 0.002 mg/m 3. This value will provide a benchmark for determining possible OELs.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Animals , Coke , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , DNA Copy Number Variations , Benchmarking , Occupational Exposure/analysis , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , DNA Damage
19.
Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi ; Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi;(12): 47-51, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970710

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the change of hearing threshold of workers exposed to noise, establish an individual-based hearing loss early warning model, accurately and differentiated the health of workers exposed to noise. Methods: In September 2019, all physical examination data of 561 workers exposed to noise from an enterprise were collected since their employment. Three indicators of average hearing threshold of the better ear, namely, at high frequency, 4000 Hz and speech frequency, were constructed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to adjust gender and age and establish the warning model of each indicator. Finally, sensitive indicators and warning models were screened according to AUC and Yoden index. Results: Among the 561 workers exposed to noise, 26 (4.6%) workers had hearing loss. The sensitivity indicators were the average hearing threshold at speech frequency ≥20 dB, high frequency ≥30 dB and 4000 Hz ≥25 dB. The AUC of each index was 0.602, 0.794 and 0.804, and the Youden indexes were 0.204, 0.588 and 0.608, respectively. In GEE of hearing loss warning models, high-frequency hearing threshold ≥20 dB and 4000 Hz hearing threshold ≥25 dB were the optimal models, with AUC of 0.862. Conclusion: Combined with the changes of individual hearing threshold over the years, can accurately assess the risk of individual hearing loss of workers exposed to noise.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis , Noise, Occupational/adverse effects , Audiometry , Deafness , Employment , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis
20.
Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi ; Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi;(12): 66-71, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970715

ABSTRACT

Welding operations are widely present in the manufacturing production process, involving a large number of occupational groups, and are the key occupations where work injuries and occupational diseases occur in China. For different welding processes and welding materials, the content and focus of occupational health monitoring are different. At present, the item of occupational health examination in welding operation is in poor consistency with the on-site exposure of occupational hazard factors, and it is mainly concentrated in the stage of disease development, which can not reflect the early health damage caused by welding dust exposure in time. The emergence of biomarkers of welding dust can make up for this defect. Therefore, it is of great significance to describe the current situation of occupational health monitoring of welding dust and summarize the research progress of related biomarkers for the early prevention of diseases caused by welding dust and the practice of occupational health monitoring.


Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Welding , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Dust/analysis , Biomarkers , Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis
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