ABSTRACT
Este estudo aborda o fenômeno do acúmulo de tarefas em contexto da atividade de trabalho humana, a partir de operadores teóricos da clínica da atividade, como instâncias do ofício, estilo, gênero profissional, poder de agir e trabalho bem feito. Tomou-se como base material empírico referente a narrativas de trabalhadores participantes de pesquisa desenvolvida em um Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos (SVO), por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e de instrução ao sósia, realizadas com técnicos em necropsia. O referido material discursivo possibilitou o entendimento de que as submissões desses trabalhadores à tarefas alheias a seu ofício fizeram com que eles precisassem recorrer ao gênero profissional inerente a outros cargos, e dele se apropriar, originando o que aqui propõe-se denominar gênero profissional invasivo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer o diálogo entre o acúmulo de tarefas alheias ao ofício e um possível desenvolvimento do gênero profissional, em termos da produção de um gênero profissional invasivo
This study addresses the accumulation of tasks in the context of human work activity, based on theoretical operators from the clinic of activity, such as instances of professional practice, style, professional genre, power to act and work well-done. Analysis used empirical material related to narratives of workers participating in research developed in a Division of Postmortem Inspection (SVO), by means of semi-structured interviews and instruction to the double conducted with necropsy technicians. Results showed that the need to perform unrelated tasks made these workers appeal to the professional genre inherent to other jobs and appropriate it, giving rise to an invasive professional genre. Thus, the objective was to establish a dialogue between the accumulation of unrelated tasks and the possible development of a professional genre in terms of an invasive professional genre
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Autopsy , Workload , Work Performance , Occupational Groups , Social Identification , Job Security , Job DescriptionABSTRACT
Este estudo parte da Psicologia Social do Trabalho e se propõe a analisar como são referidas nas publicações científicas latino-americanas as modificações no trabalho de motoristas de táxi em função da entrada no mercado do serviço de transporte de passageiros por motoristas de aplicativos, buscando mais especificamente discutir as diferenças e os elementos laborais comuns a essas duas categorias profissionais. Trata-se de uma metassíntese, para a qual quatro fases foram desenvolvidas: exploração, refinamento, descrição e análise. Inicialmente, as informações obtidas em uma busca sistemática foram organizadas em três categorias descritivas principais: informações metodológicas, perspectiva teórica adotada e principais temas abordados. Esse mapeamento auxiliou a compreender como se configuram as produções bibliográficas consideradas. Um resultado significativo encontrado na etapa de análise foi que o material localizado não abordou efetivamente as transformações no trabalho de motoristas de táxi. Desse modo, tornou-se imperativo ultrapassar as informações encontradas nesse material, sendo necessária sua articulação com outras obras que, em alguma medida, abordavam aspectos da atualidade do trabalho de taxistas, visando refletir sobre como tais aspectos podem estar relacionados às transformações recentes no mundo laboral, as quais encontram no fenômeno da uberização uma caracterização fulcral sobre o trabalho na contemporaneidade. Assim, foi propiciada uma ampliação do olhar reflexivo sobre o que é trabalhar como taxista atualmente, dado que as mudanças engendradas pelas novas tecnologias e seu uso em prol da criação de novas formas de precarização laboral incidem também sobre essa categoria profissional e produzem efeitos sobre seu cotidiano de trabalho e sua subjetividade
Based on Social Psychology of Work, this study analyzes how Latin American scientific publications refer to labor changes in taxi service given the entry of app drivers into the passenger transport service market, seeking to discuss the differences and labor elements common to these two professional categories. A metasynthesis was conducted in four phases: exploration, refinement, description and analysis. Firstly, data were systematically searched and organized into three main descriptive categories: methodological information, theoretical perspective and main topics found. Analysis went beyond the information found in the selected material, as it did not effectively address the labor changes in taxi service. As such, the authors sought to articulate other works that to somewhat addressed current aspects of taxi service work and reflect on how such aspects may be related to recent labor transformations, namely the phenomenon of uberization. This provided a broader reflective perspective on what it means to work as a taxi driver today, as the changes promoted by new technologies and their use in favor of creating new forms of precarious work also reflect on this professional category, affecting their daily work and
Subject(s)
Humans , Job Market , Drivers , Job Security , Psychology, Industrial , Psychology, Social , Quality of Life/psychology , Life Change Events , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological challenges and strategies of a web survey on the working conditions and health among delivery workers. METHODS The study population consisted of Brazilian delivery workers operating in the national territory. Procedures include building solid and ongoing collaboration with worker representatives and conducting a four-month data collection from February to May 2022, sharing the link to the online questionnaire on social media such as social networks (Facebook, Instagram) and messaging apps (WhatsApp, Telegram). RESULTS The recruitment of 41 leaders or influencers of delivery workers increased the dissemination of the study, some of whom participated in the consensual validation of the questionnaire; the production of content for social media for the dissemination of the questionnaire link on social networks and applications, and the in-person dissemination of the study at the delivery workers' meeting points during the workday played a fundamental role, totaling around 132 hours in 45 shifts. The strategies adopted for data collection with a hybrid approach to dissemination made it possible to carry out the web survey. After four months of the web survey, 564 delivery workers, 543 men and 18 women, responded to the online questionnaire. CONCLUSION The web survey presented methodological strategies to overcome the challenge of reaching workers, including hybrid work, to increase the participation of workers, on whom epidemiological research is still scarce.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Methodology as a Subject , Social Vulnerability , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Este estudo analisa o estresse ocupacional entre psicólogos que atuavam na Atenção Primária à Saúde durante a pandemia ocasionada pela covid-19, assim como as características sociodemográficas e laborais dos participantes e sua relação com o estresse ocupacional. Participaram da pesquisa 70 psicólogos atuantes em 51 unidades básicas de saúde das regiões Oeste e Extremo Oeste catarinense. Para coleta de dados, um questionário sociodemográfico e a versão reduzida da Job Stress Scale (JSS) foram aplicados. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Identificou-se que 35,7% dos psicólogos apresentaram alto desgaste no trabalho; 28,6% baixo desgaste; 27,1% se mostraram em trabalho passivo; e 8,6% em trabalho ativo. No modelo de regressão linear, os fatores associados à dimensão Demanda da JSS foram: possuir filho (a) (coeficiente -1,49; IC 95% -2,75 a -0,23) e afastamento do trabalho nos últimos 12 meses (coeficiente 1,88; IC 95% 0,60 a 3,15). Os psicólogos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica autorreferida apresentaram, em média, 3,96 pontos a menos no escore de Apoio social (IC 95% -7,06 a -0,85), quando comparados aos não hipertensos, e entre os psicólogos que trabalhavam no turno da manhã identificou-se aumento de 4,46 pontos, em média, no escore de Apoio social (IC 95% 0,90 a 8,02) em relação aos profissionais do turno manhã e tarde. Evidenciou-se que um número significativo de psicólogos apresentava-se em alto desgaste no trabalho, com potenciais implicações para sua saúde e atuação profissional.(AU)
This study analyzed occupational stress among psychologists who worked in Primary Health Care during the COVID-19 pandemic and participants' sociodemographic and work characteristics and their relationship with occupational stress. In total, 70 psychologists working in 51 basic health units in the West and Far West regions of Santa Catarina participated in this research. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the short version of the Job Stress Scale (JSS) were applied to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. In total, 35.7% of psychologists showed high stress at work; 28.6%, low burn out; 27.1%, passive work; and 8.6%, active work. The factors in the linear regression model that were associated with the JSS demand dimension referred to having children (coefficient −1.49; 95% CI −2.75 to −0.23) and absence from work in the last 12 months (coefficient 1.88; 95% CI 0.60 to 3.15). Psychologists with self-reported systemic arterial hypertension showed, on average, 3.96 points lower in the Social Support score (95% CI −7.06 to −0.85) than non-hypertensive ones and psychologists who worked in the morning shift, an average increase of 4.46 points in the Social Support score (95% CI 0.90 to 8.02) in relation to professionals working in the morning and afternoon shifts. A significant number of psychologists had high stress at work, with potential implications to their health and professional performance.(AU)
Este estudio evalúa el estrés laboral entre los psicólogos que trabajaron en la atención primaria de salud durante la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, así como las características sociodemográficas y laborales de ellos y su relación con el estrés laboral. En la investigación participaron setenta psicólogos que trabajan en 51 unidades básicas de salud en las regiones oeste y lejano oeste de Santa Catarina (Brasil). Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la versión corta de la Job Stress Scale (JSS). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se identificó que el 35,7% de los psicólogos presentaban alto estrés en el trabajo; el 28,6% tenían poco desgaste; el 27,1% se encontraban en trabajo pasivo; y el 8,6% en trabajo activo. En el modelo de regresión lineal, los factores asociados a la dimensión demanda de la JSS fueron: tener hijo (coeficiente -1,49; IC 95% -2,75 a -0,23) y baja laboral en los últimos 12 meses (coeficiente 1,88; IC 95% 0,60 a 3,15). Los psicólogos con hipertensión arterial sistémica autoinformada presentaron un promedio de 3,96 puntos más bajo en la puntuación de apoyo social (IC 95% -7,06 a -0,85) en comparación con los no hipertensos, y entre los psicólogos que trabajaban en el turno de la mañana, se identificó un aumento promedio de 4,46 puntos en la puntuación de apoyo social (IC 95% 0,90 a 8,02) con relación a los profesionales que laboran en el turno de mañana y tarde. Quedó evidente que un número significativo de psicólogos se encontraba en situación de alto estrés en el trabajo, con posibles implicaciones para su salud y desempeño profesional.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Occupational Health , Occupational Stress , Organization and Administration , Organizational Innovation , Anxiety , Pathologic Processes , Personnel Loyalty , Poverty , Professional Practice , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Aspirations, Psychological , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Signs and Symptoms , Social Conditions , Psychological Distance , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Task Performance and Analysis , Therapeutics , Unemployment , Viruses , Vocational Guidance , Women, Working , Work Schedule Tolerance , Behavioral Symptoms , Population Characteristics , Work Hours , National Health Strategies , Health Services Administration , Occupational Risks , Burnout, Professional , Activities of Daily Living , Power, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Mobility , Organizational Culture , Family , Indicators of Quality of Life , Mental Health , Liability, Legal , Staff Development , Health Strategies , Workload , Mental Competency , Employment, Supported , Health Personnel , Workplace , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Time Management , Efficiency, Organizational , Coronavirus , Conflict, Psychological , Life , Self Efficacy , Counseling , Health Management , Credentialing , Psychosocial Impact , Personal Autonomy , Delivery of Health Care , Friends , Depersonalization , Depression , Air Pollutants , Education , Educational Status , Efficiency , Empathy , Employee Grievances , Employee Incentive Plans , Employee Performance Appraisal , Employment , Environment and Public Health , Workforce , Disease Prevention , Health Status Disparities , Job Market , Ethics, Institutional , Mental Fatigue , Resilience, Psychological , Emotional Intelligence , Capacity Building , Remuneration , Hope , Karoshi Death , Compassion Fatigue , Emotional Adjustment , Self-Control , Work Performance , Alert Fatigue, Health Personnel , Work-Life Balance , Work Engagement , Economic Status , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Caregiver Burden , Physical Distancing , Financial Stress , Induced Demand , Psychotherapists , Statistical Data , Social Vulnerability , Working Conditions , Overtraining Syndrome , Workforce Diversity , Psychological Growth , Coping Skills , Job Security , Emotional Exhaustion , Time Pressure , Guilt , Health Occupations , Health Promotion , Health Resources , Health Services Accessibility , Health Services Research , Ergonomics , Interpersonal Relations , Interprofessional Relations , Job Satisfaction , Labor Unions , Leadership , Motivation , Occupational Groups , Negativism , Occupational Diseases , Occupational Health Services , OccupationsABSTRACT
A human resource base that ensures appropriate deployment of staff to emergencies, addressing different shock events in emergencies, without disrupting continuity of service is germane to a successful response. Consequently, the WHO Health Emergencies programme in the African Region, in collaboration with Africa Centre for Disease Control (ACDC) launched the African Volunteer Health Corps (AVoHC) and Strengthening and Utilization of Response Group for Emergencies (SURGE), an initiative aimed at ensuring a pool of timely responders. We explored the willingness of WHO staff to work in emergencies. A call for expression of interest to be part of the Elite Emergency Experts (Triple E) was published on 5th July 2022 via email and was open for 5 weeks. The responses were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and presented with graphic illustrations. A total of 1253 WHO staff, from all the six WHO regions, cutting across all cadre, applied to the call. The applicants had various trainings and experiences in emergency and have responded to mostly disease outbreaks. Two-third of the applicants were males. This paper did not explore reasons for the willingness to work in emergencies. However, contrary to fears expressed in literature that health workers would not want to work in emergencies with potential for infections, the applicants have worked mostly in infectious emergencies. Literature identified some themes on factors that could impact on willingness of health workers to work in emergencies. These include concerns for the safety of the responders and impact of partners, child and elderly care, as well as other family obligations, which emergency planners must consider in planning emergency response.
Subject(s)
Personal Health Services , Africa , Delivery of Health Care , Fear , Health Services , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Abstract There are a limited number of studies examining the effects of the pandemic on the daily lives of Turkish community pharmacists, and no research investigating the impact on the lives of Turkish hospital pharmacists has been found. This study aimed to examine the effects of the pandemic on the personal and professional lives of Turkish community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists. In this qualitative study design, a comprehensive set of interviews was conducted with a total of 13 community pharmacists and 7 hospital pharmacists, employing a semi-structured interview guide. Through thematic content analysis of the interviews, four main themes, 1) long-term impacts, 2) dealing strategies, 3) professional life impacts, 4) personal life impacts, have emerged for both community pharmacists and hospital pharmacists. In addition to the psychological impacts and supply chain issues commonly mentioned in the literature, the study revealed ongoing effects such as the inability to sell available products and economic difficulties. Also, the increased demand for over-the-counter products during the pandemic highlights the need for the government to develop policies to address this issue.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pharmacists/classification , Basic Health Services , COVID-19/pathology , Pandemics/classification , Occupational Groups/classificationABSTRACT
La vacunación es una forma de contribuir a la protección de la población al reducir el riesgo de efectos graves de la enfermedad COVID-19. Para marzo de 2021, en tiempo récord, la industria biotecnológica cubana contaba con cinco candidatos vacunales. Se realizó una intervención sanitaria con un esquema heterólogo: dos dosis de SOBERANA®02 más una dosis de SOBERANA®Plus, en trabajadores durante el período de marzo a junio de 2021, en el Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, en La Habana, Cuba. Se evaluaron los efectos directos e indirectos de la vacunación con SOBERANA®02 y SOBERANA®Plus en una cohorte de riesgo de infección, enfermedad y diseminación de la COVID-19. La cohorte se estableció en marzo de 2021 en trabajadores con alta exposición al coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, en el área de consulta médica de Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, establecida como sitio clínico. Entre el 22 de marzo de 2021 y el 11 de junio de 2021, se inscribieron un total de 1.776 participantes; de ellos, 1.719 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión con un porcentaje de 96,79 por ciento para la primera dosis, 1.675 recibieron la segunda dosis y 1.653 se vacunaron SOBERANA®Plus como tercera dosis para un 97,87por ciento. Mil cuatrocientos cincuenta y siete tenían entre 19 y 59 años, con predominio del sexo femenino. De los participantes, 175 tuvieron acontecimientos adversos y se observaron, predominantemente, una hora después de la administración de cada dosis. La reacción local más referida fue el dolor en el lugar de la inyección. Se registraron pocos acontecimientos adversos no solicitados. No se notificó ningún evento adverso grave o severo asociado a la vacuna. La distribución de casos de COVID-19 fue de 30, 16 y 6 posterior a cada dosis recibida. No se notificaron muertes asociadas a COVID-19. Las vacunas SOBERANA®02 y SOBERANA®Plus tuvieron un buen perfil de seguridad y fueron capaces de reducir la enfermedad grave por COVID-19 y la muerte, ayudando a revertir la situación epidemiológica causada por el coronavirus de tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo en Cuba(AU)
Vaccination is a way to help protect people by reducing the risk of serious effects from COVID-19 illness. By March of 2021, in record time, Cuba's biotech industry had five vaccine candidates. A sanitary intervention with a heterologous scheme, two doses of SOBERANA®02 and one dose of SOBERANA®Plus, was carried out in workers during the period of March to June 2021 at Finlay Vaccine Institute, in Havana, Cuba. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of vaccination with SOBERANA®02 and SOBERANA®Plus, in a cohort at risk of infection, disease and spread of the epidemic COVID-19. The cohort was established in March 2021, among workers with high exposure to SARS-CoV-2, at the area of medical consultation at Finlay Vaccine Institute, established as clinical site. Between March 22, 2021 and June 11, 2021, were enrolled a total of 1,776 participants and, of them, 1,719 met the inclusion criteria with a percentage of 96.79percent for first dose, of which 1,675 received the second dose and 1,653 received SOBERANA®Plus as third dose for 97.87percent. The majority of participants were aged 19-59 years (1,457), being female, the predominant sex. Among the participants, 175 had adverse events, predominantly observed one hour after the administration of each dose. The most common local reaction was injection site pain. Few unsolicited adverse events were recorded. No vaccine-associated severe or serious adverse events were reported. The distribution of COVID-19 case was 30 post first dose, 16 post second dose and 6 post last dose. No deaths associated with COVID-19 were reported. SOBERANA®02 and SOBERANA®Plus vaccines had a good safety profile and were capable of a reduction of severe COVID-19 illness and death helping to reverse the epidemiological situation caused by the SARS-COV-2 in Cuba(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , COVID-19/epidemiology , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Introduction: Judicially demanding the right to health involves different elements and can lead to changes in continuing education programs. The current trend is to follow this pathway to access low-frequency and high-cost medications. In addition, the Constitutional Court of Costa Rica requests a technical concept from forensic doctors. Objective: To raise the need for continuous updating in specific theoretical-practical academic knowledge required by forensic doctors to guarantee the right to health services. Reflection: The training of forensic medical doctors is focused on evidence and encourages continuous education. Nevertheless, a commitment is necessary in continuing medical education programs such as literature search strategies, critical assessment of evidence, and academic practices that incorporate particular circumstances comparing them with scientific studies. These programs must take into account prevalent medications and pathologies as well as technical-scientific factors that differ in each service provider. Conclusion: A continuing education program about the interpretation and assessment of scientific evidence for proper decision making on health issues would allow medical doctors to judge existing health problems and choose a medication that is the most beneficial for a patient.
Introducción: La judicialización del derecho a la salud involucra a distintos actores y puede propiciar cambios en programas de educación continua; pues la tendencia actual es recurrir a esta vía para acceder a medicamentos de baja frecuencia y alto costo. Adicionalmente, en Costa Rica la Sala Constitucional solicita el criterio técnico a médicos forenses. Objetivo: Plantear la necesidad de actualización continua en conocimientos académicos teóricos-prácticos específicos que requiere el médico forense para garantizar el derecho a los servicios de salud. Reflexión: El médico forense cuenta con formación basada en evidencias y se incentiva su formación continua, sin embargo, es necesario un compromiso con los programas de educación médica continua: en estrategias de búsqueda de literatura, valoración crítica de la evidencia encontrada y práctica académica que incorpore las circunstancias particulares, comparándolo con los resultados de estudios científicos; tomando en cuenta medicamentos y patologías prevalentes y los factores técnico-científicos de divergencia entre los prestadores de servicios. Conclusión: Un programa de formación continua sobre interpretación y valoración de la evidencia científica para la toma de decisiones en salud, permitiría a estos especialistas responder con mejor criterio si un medicamento es el tratamiento más beneficioso para un paciente debido a sus problemas de salud.
Introdução: A judicialização do direito à saúde envolve diferentes atores e pode promover mudanças nos programas de educação continuada; porque a tendência atual é recorrer a esta via para ter acesso a medicamentos de baixa frequência e alto custo. Além disso, na Costa Rica, o Tribunal Constitucional solicita critérios técnicos aos médicos forenses. Objetivo: Levantar a necessidade de atualização contínua em conhecimentos acadêmicos teórico-práticos específicos que o médico forense necessita para garantir o direito aos serviços de saúde. Reflexão: O médico forense tem formação baseada em evidências e sua formação continuada é incentivada, porém é necessário o compromisso com programas de educação médica continuada: em estratégias de busca bibliográfica, avaliação crítica das evidências encontradas e prática acadêmica que incorpore as circunstâncias particulares , comparando-o com resultados de estudos científicos; levando em consideração medicamentos e patologias prevalentes e fatores técnico-científicos de divergência entre prestadores de serviços. Conclusão: Um programa de formação contínua sobre interpretação e avaliação de evidências científicas para a tomada de decisões em saúde, permitiria a estes especialistas responder com melhores critérios se um medicamento é o tratamento mais benéfico para um paciente devido aos seus problemas de saúde.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Delivery of Health Care , Education , Occupational Groups , Health Personnel , Education, Professional , Right to Health , Health Services AccessibilityABSTRACT
O estudo apresentado neste artigo investigou o contexto em que se dá o trabalho de entregadores via aplicativos, levando em consideração problemas agravados pela pandemia de covid-19, tais como: o fato de ser realizado na rua, o sucateamento de direitos trabalhistas e sua precarização com o fenômeno de uberização. Os resultados apontam impactos negativos na saúde biopsicossocial desses entregadores, evidenciando uma queda da remuneração e uma maior exposição ao vírus. Dentre os impactos, destacam-se o aumento de processos psicopatológicos, além do medo em relação à iminente possibilidade de contrair o coronavírus e contaminar sua rede de apoio social. Desta maneira, conclui-se que a pandemia de covid-19, aliada a políticas de sucateamento dos direitos trabalhistas influenciam diretamente a saúde biopsicossocial desses trabalhadores, empurrando-os para a margem do trabalho formal e potencializando o processo de uberização relacionado a esse modelo de trabalho informal
The study presented in this article examined the work context of delivery drivers via apps, taking into account the problems aggravated by the covid-19 pandemic such as: the fact that the work is carried out on the street, the scrapping of labour rights and the precariousness of their work, due to the phenomenon of uberization. The results reveal negative impacts on the biopsychosocial health of these delivery drivers, highlighting a drop in remuneration and a greater exposure to the virus. Among these impacts, the increase in psychopathological processes as well as the fear of the imminent possibility of contracting the corona-virus and contaminating their social support network are the most visible. In this way, it is concluded that the covid-19 pandemic combined with policies to scrap labour rights have influence on the biopsychosocial health of these workers, pushing them to the margins of formal employement and intensifying the uberiza-tion process related to this informal work model
L'étude presentée dans cet article a examiné le contexte dans lequel des livreurs par l'entremise d'appli-cations travaillent, en tenant compte des problèmes aggravés par la pandémie de covid-19, tels que: le fait que le travail soit effectué dans la rue, la supression des droits du travail et sa précarisation causé par le phénomène d'ubérisation. Les résultats indiquent des impacts négatifs sur la santé biopsychosociale de ces livreurs, montrant une baisse des rémunérations et une plus grande exposition au virus. Parmi ces impacts, attirent l'attention l'augmentation des processus psychopathologiques, de la même manière que la crainte de la possibilité imminente de contracter le coronavirus et de contaminer leur réseau de soutien social. Il est conclu que la pandémie de covid-19 combinée aux politiques de suppression des droits du travail influent directement sur la santé biopsychosociale de ces travailleurs, en les poussant en marge du travail formel et en renforçant le processus d'ubérisation lié à ce modèle de travail informel
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Health , COVID-19 , Working Conditions , Occupational Groups , ReviewABSTRACT
Introduction: Monitoring changes in the levels of immune markers is of great significance in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment in patients with allergic rhinitis. Objectives: Determine the change in the concentration of immune markers after treatment in patients with allergic rhinitis caused by cotton dust. Methods: A descriptive, single-group, comparative before and after intervention study on 52 patients with allergic rhinitis caused by cotton dust. Comparison of immunological markers results before and after 36 months of treatment. Results: Total IgE concentration after treatment decreased, the median decreased from 1227.756 U/mL to 676.805 UI/mL. Serum levels of IgG, IgG4, and IgG1 in patients after treatment increased compared to before (p< 0.001). The cytokines also changed in the direction of no longer responding toward allergy. Median IL-17 decreased from 1.752 mg/dL to 0.417 mg/dL. Conclusion: In patients with allergic rhinitis after specific sublingual desensitization treatment, IgE levels and cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-17 are significantly reduced and IgG, IgG4 and IgG1 levels are increased after treatment(AU)
Introducción: El monitoreo de los cambios en los niveles de marcadores inmunes es de gran importancia para evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento en pacientes con rinitis alérgica. Objetivos: Determinar el cambio en la concentración de marcadores inmunes después del tratamiento, en pacientes con rinitis alérgica causada por polvo de algodón. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, monogrupo, comparativo antes y después de la intervención, en 52 pacientes con rinitis alérgica por polvo de algodón. Se compararon resultados de marcadores inmunológicos antes y después de 36 meses de tratamiento. Resultados: La concentración de IgE total después del tratamiento disminuyó, la mediana disminuyó de 1227,756 U/mL a 676,805 UI/mL. Los niveles séricos de IgG, IgG4 e IgG1 en pacientes, después del tratamiento, aumentaron (p< 0,001). Las citocinas también cambiaron en dirección a ausencia de respuesta a la alergia. La mediana de IL-17 disminuyó de 1,752 mg/dL a 0,417 mg/dL. Conclusión: En pacientes con rinitis alérgica, después del tratamiento específico de desensibilización sublingual, los niveles de IgE y citocinas como IL-6 e IL-17 se reducen significativamente y los niveles de IgG, IgG4 e IgG1 aumentan(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Immunoglobulin E , Immunoglobulin G , Biomarkers , Treatment Outcome , Dust , Antigens, Plant , Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy , Administration, Sublingual , Cytokines/immunology , Clothing , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Gossypium , Drug Evaluation/methods , Histamine Antagonists/therapeutic use , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Considerando que um grupo é um agenciamento de vínculos intersubjetivos, que permite a expressão de relações entre vários sujeitos, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a importância dos espaços de simbolização direcionados às equipes profissionais, no que se refere ao impacto destas ações na implementação de políticas públicas. Para esta discussão utilizar-se-á de uma experiência de campo profissional objeto de discussão no processo de doutorado. Participou do campo um grupo de educadores de oficinas culturais e artísticas (oficineiros de cultura) em uma intervenção de Grupo Operativo. Essa equipe profissional (participantes do campo) era composta por doze servidores públicos da Secretaria Municipal de Cultura (SMC) de uma cidade no interior de São Paulo. A duração da intervenção de Grupo Operativo foi de um ano. O trabalho permitiu compreender a importância de espaços que permitam trabalhar/simbolizar as experiências das equipes, no trabalho realizado durante a implementação das políticas: as experiências podem ser elaboradas e reconstruídas, a partir do que é depositado sobre a equipe, seja pela instituição na qual trabalham ou pelos usuários.
Whereas a group is an agency of intersubjective links, which allows the expression of relationships between several subjects, the aim of this article is to discuss the importance of symbolization spaces directed at professional teams, regarding the impact of these actions on the implementation of public policies. For this discussion, field experience will be used the professional subject of discussion in the doctoral process. A group of educators of cultural and artistic workshops (culture "coordinators" named in Brazil "culture oficineiros") in an Operative Group intervention. This professional team (field participants) was composed of twelve public servers of the Municipal Secretariat of Culture (SMC) of a city in the interior of São Paulo. The duration of the Operative Group intervention was one year. The work made it possible to understand the importance of spaces that allow working/symbolizing the experiences of the teams, in the work implementation of policies: experiences can be developed and developed by the reconstructed, from what is deposited on the team, either by the institution in which they work or by users.
Considerando que un grupo es una agencia de vínculos intersubjetivos, que permite la expresión de relaciones entre varios temas, el objetivo de este artículo es discutir la importancia de simbolización dirigida a los equipos profesionales, sobre el impacto de estas acciones en la implementación de políticas públicas. Para esta discusión, se utilizará una experiencia de campo, tema profesional de discusión en el proceso de doctorado. Un grupo de educadores de talleres culturales y artísticos (coordinadores de cultura llamados "oficineiros de cultura" en Brasil) en una intervención de Grupo Operativo. Este equipo profesional (participantes de campo) estaba compuesto por doce servidores autoridades de la Secretaría Municipal de Cultura (SMC) de una ciudad del interior de São Paulo. La duración de la intervención del Grupo Operativo fue de un año. El trabajo permitió comprender la importancia de los espacios que permiten trabajar/simbolizar las experiencias de los equipos, en el trabajo de implementación de políticas: las experiencias pueden ser elaborados y reconstruidos, a partir de lo depositado en el equipo, ya sea por la institución en la que trabajan o por los usuarios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Social , Psychotherapy, Group , Education , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Introducción: COVID-19 no solamente tuvo efectos en la salud física de las personas, se sumó a una serie de otras problemáticas que afectarán la salud de las personas a mediano y largo plazo. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la percepción del nivel de actividad física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de trabajadores y trabajadoras de una comunidad universitaria chilena durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se aplicó una encuesta online durante los meses de junio y julio de 2022 a285 sujetos, 65% mujeres y 35% hombres, de estamentos, administrativo y académicos (64% y 36% respectivamente). Los resultados indican que un 58% disminuyó su actividad física durante la pandemia en el 2020 y un 51% durante el año 2021. Un 52% señala que aumentó de peso corporal durante el 2020 y un 46% durante el 2021. En relación a su bienestar psicológico, un 49% percibe que empeoró durante el año 2020 y un 36% declara lo mismo para el año 2021.Conclusiones: La pandemia por COVID-19, generó efectos negativos en la actividad física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de las personas. El desafío para las instituciones de educación superior es desarrollar programas para fomentar la promoción y prevención en salud para la comunidad universitaria en un contexto postpandémico(AU)
Introduction: COVID-19 not only had effects on people's physical health, it added to a series of other problems that will affect people's health in the medium and long term. The objective was to identify the perception of the level of physical activity, quality of life and psychological wellbeing of workers in a Chilean university community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was developed under a quantitative paradigm, it was descriptive cross-sectional. An online survey was applied during the months of June and July 2022 to 285 subjects, 65% women and 35% men, from estates, administrative and academic (64% and 36% respectively). The results indicate that 58% decreased their physical activity during the pandemic in 2020 and 51% during 2021. 52% say they increased body weight during 2020 and 46% during 2021. In relation to their psychological well-being, 49% perceive that it worsened during the year 2020, and 36% declare the same for the year 2021.Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic generated negative effects on people's physical activity, quality of life and psychological well-being. The challenge for higher education institutions is to develop programs to foster health promotion and prevention for the university community in a post-pandemic context(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , COVID-19 , Psychological Well-Being/psychology , Perception , Universities , Body Weight , Weight Gain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
La pandemia por COVID-19 resultó un problema para la salud pública mundial, que impactó particularmente al sector de trabajadores que debían trabajar y estar expuestos durante el periodo de cuarentena. Objetivo, analizar la incidencia de COVID-19 y sus características en trabajadores(as) activos(as) durante 34 semanas. Investigación descriptiva y transversal. Población constituida por todos los trabajadores(as) activos de sectores priorizados, con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19. De los 1.186 casos confirmados, 658 casos (55%) correspondió a trabajadores activos, una incidencia de 1,7 casos x 1000 (mayor a la esperada), con predominio en trabajadores(as) del sector salud (267casos), choferes del transporte y trabajadores de funerarias (253 casos). El 68,7% menor de 40 años y predominio del sexo masculino (61,2%). En el personal de salud, el 30% correspondió a personal de enfermería y 22% en médicos. La tasa de mortalidad en la población de trabajadores activos fue de 0,07 x cada 1000, con un índice de mortalidad de 0,05 y un índice de recuperación del 95,5%, comportamiento similar al de la población general. Sin embargo, la tasa de letalidad (trabajadores activos positivos fallecidos) fue del 4,4% (29 casos), donde el 75% (22/29) fueron enfermeras y médicos, lo que confirmó al sector salud y trabajadores(as) de servicios, como población trabajadora altamente expuesta y vulnerable, lo que justificó priorizar las medidas de prevención en estos trabajadores, al iniciar el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, la vacunación y la dotación con uso adecuado de la protección personal(AU)
The COVID-19 Pandemic was a problem for global public health, which particularly impacted the sector of workers who had to work and were exposed during the quarantine period. The objective was to analyze the incidence of COVID- 19 and its characteristics in active workers during 34 weeks. Descriptive and cross-sectional research. Population made up of all active workers in prioritized sectors, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Of the 1,186 confirmed cases, 658 cases (55%) corresponded to active workers, an incidence of 1.7 cases per 1,000 (higher than expected), with a predominance of workers in the health sector (267 cases), transport drivers and funeral home workers (253 cases). 68.7% under 40 years of age and predominance of the male sex (61.2%). In health personnel, 30% corresponded to nursing personnel and 22% to doctors. The mortality rate in the population of active workers was 0.07 x every 1000, with a mortality rate of 0.05 and a recovery rate of 95.5%, behavior similar to that of the general population. However, the fatality rate (deceased positive active workers) was 4.4% (29 cases), where 75% (22/29) were nurses and doctors, which confirmed the health sector and service workers, as a highly exposed and vulnerable working population, which justified prioritizing prevention measures in these workers, by initiating the epidemiological surveillance system, vaccination and provision with adequate use of personal protection(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , COVID-19/mortality , COVID-19/epidemiology , Venezuela/epidemiology , Women, Working/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Esta resenha analisa o filme Quando falta o ar, de Ana Petta e Helena Petta (Brasil, 2021). O documentário mostra o trabalho diário de trabalhadoras e trabalhadores do sistema público de saúde brasileiro durante a pandemia de covid-19. Com foco no cuidado e revelando a face humana da luta coletiva, o filme evidencia a interseção entre saúde, religiosidade, desigualdade e racismo estrutural em várias regiões do país, ao mesmo tempo em que se articula, na forma e conteúdo, com os princípios doutrinários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): universalidade, equidade e integralidade. Ao chegar às telas de cinema e às plataformas de streaming, o documentário cumpre um importante papel de comunicação sobre o SUS, presente em todos os 5.570 municípios do país e do qual mais de 160 milhões de pessoas dependem exclusivamente para ter acesso a serviços de saúde
This review analyzes the movie Quando falta o ar (When there is out of breath), by Ana Petta and Helena Petta (Brazil, 2021). The documentary shows the daily work of workers involved in the Brazilian public health system during the covid-19 pandemic. With a focus on care and revealing the human face of the collective struggle, the film highlights the intersection between health, religiosity, inequality and structural racism in different regions of Brazil; at the same time, it is associated in form and content with the doctrinal principles of the SUS Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System): universality, equity and integral-ity. With its broadcast on cinema screens and on streaming platforms, the documentary plays a key role in communicating about the SUS, present in all 5.570 Brazilian municipalities and of which more than 160 million of people depend on exclusively in order to access the health services
Esta reseña analiza la película Quando falta o ar (Cuando hay falta de aire), de Ana Petta y Helena Petta (Brasil, 2021). El documental muestra el trabajo diario de trabajadores del sistema público de salud brasileño durante la pandemia de covid-19. Con un enfoque de cuidado y revelando la cara humana de la lucha colectiva, la película destaca la intersección entre la salud, la religiosidad, la desigualdad y el racismo estructural en varias regiones de Brasil, al mismo tiempo que se articula en forma y contenido con los principios doctrinales del SUS Sistema Único de Saúde (Sistema Único de Salud): universalidad, equidad e integralidad. Al llegar a las pantallas de cine y a las plataformas de streaming, el documental cumple una importante función de comunicación sobre el SUS, presente en los 5.570 municipios del país y del que más de 160 millones de personas dependen exclusivamente para acceder a los servicios de salud
Subject(s)
Humans , Unified Health System , Health Personnel , Documentaries and Factual Films , COVID-19 , Motion Pictures , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Introducción: El virus Sars-cov2 es el causante de una enfermedad respiratoria, cuyo grado de severidad es variable, de formas sintomáticas leves a graves. Debido a que no se ha encontrado un tratamiento eficaz para hacerle frente a esta patología, se ha puesto el foco en la prevención mediante vacunas. Una población objetivo de la primera y segunda fase de vacunación a nivel país, fue el personal de salud, por lo que se realiza una encuesta para determinar qué tipo de patologías de base presentan, rango etario predominante, si presentaron algún efecto adverso, y cuántas dosis de inmunización recibieron. Objetivos: Describir el porcentaje de vacunación contra Sars-cov2 en el personal de salud, las enfermedades de base, efectos adversos presentados y describir los motivos por el que se evita la vacunación. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal mediante una encuesta en línea (Google Forms). En el cuestionario se registraron las siguientes variables: sexo, edad, profesión dentro del área de salud, departamento de residencia, enfermedad de base, dosis principales y de refuerzo recibidas, efectos adversos presentados, necesidad de atención médica posterior y razones por las que no se han aplicado todas las dosis. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados fueron parte del personal médico (85.4%), en su mayoría se encontraban entre los 20-29 años y los 40-49 años. El 48.6% no presenta patologías de base. El 96.3% de la población recibió 2 dosis de la vacuna para Sars-cov2. El 46.3% recibió 2 dosis de refuerzo. Discusión: La predisposición a completar el esquema fue más baja de lo esperado, siendo menor de la mitad. La predisposición para recibir la vacuna contra el COVID-19, en la población general fue de 52,02%. Cabe recalcar que el éxito de un programa de vacunación depende de la proporción de la población que desee vacunarse. Conclusión: La vacunación es un medio de prevención por lo que su promoción es un paso importante para evitar la enfermedad grave. Es necesario realizar una buena educación a toda la población sobre la eficacia, las dosis necesarias para obtener inmunidad, los efectos adversos y los motivos que deben retrasar la colocación de las dosis, porque, como se menciona anteriormente, el éxito de un programa de vacunación depende de la proporción de la población que desee vacunarse.
Introduction: The Sars-cov2 virus is the cause of a respiratory disease, whose degree of severity is variable, from mild to severe symptomatic forms. Since no effective treatment has been found to deal with this pathology, the focus has been on prevention through vaccination. A target population for the first and second phase of vaccination at the country level was health personnel. So a online survey is performed to determine what type of underlying pathologies they present, the age range predominance, the side effects displayed and how many doses they received. Objectives: Describe the percentage of vaccination against Sars-cov2 in health personnel, the underlying diseases, adverse effects and, to describe the reasons why vaccination is avoided. Materials and methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study is carried out using an online survey (Google Forms). The following variables were recorded in the questionnaire: sex, age, profession within the health area, department of residence, underlying disease, main and booster doses received, adverse effects presented, need for subsequent medical attention and reasons why they did not have been applied all the doses. Results: Most of the respondents were part of the medical staff (85.4%), the majority were between 20-29 years and 40-49 years. The 48.6% do not present basic pathologies. The 96.3% of the population received 2 doses of the Sars-cov2 vaccine. 46.3% received 2 booster doses. Discussion: The predisposition to complete the scheme was lower than expected, being less than a half. The predisposition to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the general population was 52.02%. It should be emphasized that the success of a vaccination program depends on the proportion of the population that wishes to be vaccinated. Conclusion: Vaccination is a way of prevention, so its promotion is an important step to avoid a serious disease. It is necessary to give a good education to the entire population about the efficacy, the necessary doses to obtain immunity, the adverse effects and the reasons that should delay the doses, because, as mentioned above, the success of a vaccination program depends on the proportion of the population that wants to be vaccinated.
Subject(s)
Health Personnel , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Immunization , Vaccination , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Los accidentes laborales en el personal de salud se presentan como consecuencia de los estresores de la organización del trabajo. Estos estresores afectan la satisfacción laboral y la productividad. El objetivo de la presente revisión es reportar la evidencia científica sobre la relación entre el accidente laboral y los estresores de la organización del trabajo en el personal de salud, desde la perspectiva de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo. En la recolección de información se identificaron inicialmente 190 artículos, de los cuales se excluyeron siete por duplicación; se revisaron 183 títulos y resúmenes, descartando 139 de ellos. Luego, se revisaron 44 estudios completos, descartando 17. Por último, fueron incluidos en la revisión 27 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. En el sector salud los accidentes laborales se encuentran ligados a factores como la sobrecarga, largas jornadas de trabajo y el turno nocturno, que afectan de forma negativa la salud y el bienestar de los trabajadores. Los estresores de la organización del trabajo, específicamente la sobrecarga laboral, la falta o insuficiencia de recursos humanos y las jornadas extendidas de trabajo, son la principal causa de accidentes de origen laboral en el personal de salud, por ello, es necesario implementar estrategias de prevención y control tendientes al mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud y bienestar de los trabajadores.
Workplace accidents in health personnel occur as a consequence of work organization stressors. These stressors affect job satisfaction and productivity. The objective of this review is to report the scientific evidence on the relationship between workplace accidents and work organization stressors in health personnel, from the perspective of safety and health at work. In the collection of information, 190 articles were initially identified, of which seven were excluded due to duplication; 183 titles and abstracts were reviewed, discarding 139 of them. Then, 44 complete studies were reviewed, discarding 17. Finally, 27 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. In the health sector, workplace accidents are linked to factors such as overload, long work hours and night shifts, which negatively affect the health and well-being of health workers. The stressors of work organization, specifically work overload, the lack or insufficiency of human resources and extended working hours, are the main cause of work-related accidents in health personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to implement prevention and control management strategies aimed at improving the health and well-being of health workers.
Os acidentes de trabalho em profissionais de saúde ocorrem como consequência dos estressores da organização do trabalho. Esses estressores afetam a satisfação no trabal-ho e a produtividade. O objetivo desta revisão é relatar as evidências científicas sobre a relação entre acidentes de trabalho e estressores da organização do trabalho em profissionais de saúde, sob a perspectiva da saúde e segurança ocupacional. Na coleta de informações, inicialmente foram identificados 190 artigos, dos quais sete foram excluídos por duplicidade; Foram revisados 183 títulos e resumos, descartando-se 139 deles. Em seguida, 44 estudos completos foram revisados, descartando 17. Finalmente, 27 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade foram incluídos na revisão. No setor saúde, os acidentes de trabalho estão ligados a fatores como sobrecarga, longas jornadas de trabalho e plantões noturnos, que afetam negativamente a saúde e o bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Os estressores da organização do trabalho, especificamente a sobrecarga de trabalho, a falta ou insuficiência de recursos humanos e as jornadas de trabalho extensas, são a principal causa de acidentes de trabalho em profissionais de saúde, portanto, é necessário implementar estratégias de prevenção e controle que visem melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar dos trabalhadores.
Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Occupational , Work Hours , Health Status , Occupational Health , Health Personnel , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução: realizar a predição de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho é um desafio às organizações e ao poder público. Com as técnicas de aprendizado de máquina (AM), é possível identificar fatores determinantes para a ocorrência de uma doença ocupacional, visando direcionar ações mais efetivas à proteção dos trabalhadores. Objetivo: predizer, a partir da comparação de técnicas de AM, os fatores com maior influência para a ocorrência de dermatite ocupacional. Métodos: desenvolveu-se um código em linguagem R e uma análise descritiva dos dados e identificaram-se os fatores de influência de acordo com a técnica de AM que demonstrou melhor desempenho. O banco de dados foi disponibilizado pelo Serviço de Dermatologia Ocupacional da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz e contém informações de trabalhadores que apresentaram alterações cutâneas sugestivas de dermatite ocupacional no período de 2000-2014. Resultados: as técnicas com melhor desempenho foram: neural network, random forest, support vector machine e naive Bayes. As variáveis sexo, escolaridade e profissão foram as mais adequadas para os modelos de previsão de dermatite ocupacional. Conclusão: as técnicas de AM possibilitam predizer os fatores que influenciam a segurança e a saúde dos trabalhadores, os parâmetros que subsidiam a implantação de procedimentos e as políticas mais efetivas para prevenir a dermatite ocupacional.
Abstract Introduction: to predict work related diseases is a challenge for organizations and the governmental authorities. By means of machine learning (ML) techniques it is possible to identify factors that determine the occurrence of an occupational disease, aiming at taking more effective actions to protect workers. Objective: to predict, by comparing ML techniques, the factors which highly influence the occurrence of occupational dermatitis. Methods: we developed a code in R language and a descriptive analysis of the data and identified the influence factors according to the ML technique that presented the best performance. The database was made available by the Occupational Dermatology Service of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and assembles information of the workers who experienced cutaneous alterations suggestive of occupational dermatitis between 2000-2014. Results: the techniques which presented the best performance were: neural network, random forest, support vector machine, and naive Bayes. Sex, schooling, and profession were the most adequate variables for the occupational dermatitis prediction models. Conclusion: ML techniques allowed to predict the factors that influence the workers' safety and health, as well as the parameters that subsidize the procedures implementation, and the most effective policies to prevent occupational dermatitis.
Subject(s)
Safety , Occupational Health , Dermatitis, Occupational , Dermatology , Protective Factors , Occupational Diseases , Learning , Methods , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e investigar fatores associados a multimorbidades crônicas entre trabalhadores da rede de saúde municipal. Métodos: estudo transversal com profissionais da atenção básica à saúde de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista com aplicação de instrumentos validados. Houve identificação das características individuais, hábitos e estilo de vida, estado de saúde e condições de trabalho da população estudada. Utilizou-se regressão logística para construção de modelos multivariáveis. Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 203 dos 257 trabalhadores elegíveis, 144 do sexo feminino e 59 do masculino. As morbidades mais prevalentes foram: sobrepeso (27,0%), hipertensão (17,2%) e depressão/estresse (16,2%). A presença de multimorbidades (28,6%) foi significativamente associada à idade superior a 48 anos (Odds ratio - OR: 4,28; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95%: 1,66;11,04), à presença de transtornos mentais comuns (OR: 3,23; IC95%: 1,50;6,96), enquanto o apoio social adequado no trabalho permaneceu como fator de proteção (OR: 0,25; IC95%: 0,11;0,57). Conclusão: a presença de multimorbidades foi associada a maior idade, presença de transtornos mentais comuns e características organizacionais do trabalho.
Abstract Objective: to estimate the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) and investigate factors associated with chronic multimorbidities among workers from the municipal health network. Methods: cross-sectional study involving basic health care professionals from Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data were collected by an interview applying validated instruments. The studied population's individual characteristics, habits and lifestyle, health and work conditions were identified. Logistics regression was used to build the multivariate models. Results: 203 of the 257 eligible workers participated in this research, 144 women and 59 men. The most prevalent morbidities were: overweight (27.0%), hypertension (17.2%) and depression/stress (16.2%). The presence of multimorbidities (28.6%) was significantly associated to age over 48 years old (odds ratio - OR: 4,28; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI: 1.66;11.04), to the presence of common mental disorders (OR: 3.23; 95%CI: 1.50;6.96), whereas the adequate social support at work remained as a protection factor (OR: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.11;0.57). Conclusion: the presence of multimorbidities was associated with older age, presence of common mental disorders, and work organizational characteristics.
Subject(s)
Research , Chronic Disease , Delivery of Health Care , Multimorbidity , Occupational Groups , Depression , Overweight , Working Conditions , Hypertension , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
O cenário que antecedeu a pandemia de covid19 já apresentava situações de fome e insegurança alimentar e nutricional crescentes no Brasil e no mundo, resultantes da alta de preços dos alimentos básicos, a diminuição de investimentos em programas de segurança alimentar e nutricional. Apesar de reconhecidos avanços e bons resultados na redução da insegurança alimentar e nutricional, e no aumento da renda e do poder de compra por meio de políticas públicas, grupos marginalizados e desprovidos de direitos já vinham enfrentando dificuldades no acesso a uma alimentação saudável e adequada. Dentre entres grupos destacam-se trabalhadores informais, tais como os entregadores de aplicativo, cuja luta em sido reconhecida no Brasil pelo dilema de "trabalhar com fome entregando comida". Mudanças no mundo do trabalho, oriundas das reformas da previdência e trabalhista, agravadas pela persistência da crise econômica entre trabalhadores informais e pela pandemia, estão aprofundando situações de fome e IAN entre trabalhadores informais, a despeito da oferta de serviços de educação, saúde e renda. De forma geral, este trabalho pretende entender como as condições de trabalho de entregadores de comida influenciam situações de segurança alimentar nutricional, fome, saúde, qualidade de vida e engajamento político. Trata-se de uma pesquisa social realizada por meio de quatro etapas: testagem do instrumento, incursões ao primeiro campo para familiarização com o cenário e os atores, segunda etapa de incursões nos points, de acordo com a proposta de saturação de dados, bem como a complementação com observação de grupos de redes sociais. Após análise qualitativa, por meio de núcleos de sentido e de estatística descritiva bivariada, os resultados apontam que há um impacto negativo sobre entregadores negros e entregadores de aplicativo com mais intensidade, constituído por um balanço desfavorável que combina ausência de qualquer aspecto fixo do processo de trabalho (alimentação, água, banheiros, abrigos, local para descanso), relação de desconfiança com clientes, empregadores e restaurantes, risco de acidentes, proteção em caso de acidentes e contaminação por covid-19, ausência de conhecimento do funcionamento das plataformas, dificuldade de acesso a políticas públicas, sentimentos de invisibilidade, abandono, desvalorização social, culminando em perda da identidade de trabalho e ausência do senso de luta política coletiva. Já o entendimento das práticas alimentares no trabalho e no domicílio dos entregadores de comida a partir da complexidade das suas condições de trabalho distintas, do quesito cor e da renda dos entregadores mostrou como a precarização, informalização e plataformização violam o direito humano à alimentação adequada destes grupos. Tal encadeamento de causalidades permitiu vislumbrar as situações de fome vividas durante o processo de trabalho, e como este processo influencia a insegurança alimentar em nível domiciliar. Pode-se concluir que o processo de trabalho de entregadores de aplicativo, principalmente quando são negros e cicloentregadores, frequentemente leva a situações de fome no trabalho, predispondo a diferentes níveis de insegurança alimentar e nutricional no domicílio.
Before covid19, worlwide and brazilian scenario already presented situations of hunger and growing food and nutritional insecurity, resulting from the high prices of basic foods, decrease in public investments in food and nutrition security programs. Despite recognized advances and good results in reducing food and nutritional insecurity, and increasing income and purchasing power through public policies, marginalized and deprived groups were already facing difficulties in accessing healthy and adequate food. Among these vulnerable groups, informal workers, such as app deliverers, have been recognized in Brazil by their struggle to "deliver food and work with hunger dilema". Changes in the world of work, arising from the pension and labor reforms, aggravated by the persistence of the economic crisis among informal workers and the pandemic, are deepening situations of hunger and IAN among informal workers, despite the provision of education, health and income. This work aims to understand how food delivery workers' working conditions influence nutritional food security, hunger, health, quality of life and political engagement. This is a social research carried out through four stages: testing of the instrument, incursions into the first field to familiarize with the scenario and the actors, a second stage of incursions into the remaining points, according to the data saturation proposal, as well as the observational practice of social media groups´s interactions. After qualitative analysis, through meaning cores, and quantitative, through bivariate statistics, the results indicate the existance of a more intense and negative impact on black delivery drivers and app deliverers, caractherized by an unfavorable balance that combines absence of any fixed aspect of the working conditions (food, water, bathrooms, shelters, place for rest), relationship of mistrust with customers, employers and restaurants, risk of accidents, protection in case of accidents and contamination by covid-19, lack of knowledge of the functioning of the platforms, difficulty of access to public policies, feelings of invisibility, abandonment, social devaluation, culminating in the loss of work identity and absence of the sense of collective political struggle. Through exploratory work, the understanding of the eating practices at work and at home of food delivery drivers based on the complexity of their different working conditions, color and income of delivery drivers showed how precariousness, informalization and platformization violate the human right to adequate food of these groups. This chain of causalities allowed us to glimpse the situations of hunger experienced during the work process, and how this process influences food insecurity at the household level. All these drawbacks and lack of positive perspective meet the government-companies-platforms´ abandonment and abuse, keeping them as society's outsiders, therefore helping to produce political restraints and disengagement, aside from far right opinions.