ABSTRACT
As festas de aparelhagem são fenômenos socioculturais originados nas áreas periféricas de Belém Pará, que ganharam grandes proporções até se tornarem verdadeiros eventos de expressão da cultura e do lazer paraense. Este estudo analisou o fenômeno do lazer vivenciado a partir da perspectiva dos DJs que conduzem as festas. O estudo consiste em uma pesquisa de campo, de cunho qualitativo, realizada via formulário com método de análise que divide o conteúdo em categorias analíticas. A seleção dos sujeitos da pesquisa se deu pela técnica bola de neve, entrevistando 15 DJs que fazem parte do cenário da aparelhagem no Pará. O estudo pôde visualizar como se desenvolveu esse fenômeno, qual visão os DJs têm sobre o evento e como percebem o lazer entre seu público. É unanime a percepção das aparelhagens como dispositivos populares que perpassam barreiras, possibilitando a construção de espaços democráticos e inclusivos.
The Soundsystem Parties are sociocultural phenomenon, traditional from the peripheral areas of Belém Pará that has earned significant proportions and became an expression of Pará's culture. This study analyzes the leisure phenomenon as observed by the DJs' who hosts these events. To achieve this goal, we have performed a qualitative field survey, carried through a form employing an analytic method and sorting the material into categories to be categorized into different analytic groups. The subjects selection followed the "snowball" technique, interviewing 15 DJs who are part of the Soundsystem scene in Pará. The study was able to visualize how this phenomenon developed, the DJs' view on the event and how they perceive leisure among their audience. The perception of sound systems as popular devices that reach beyond boundaries is unanimous, enabling the constitution of democratic and heterogeneous cultural spaces.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cultural Factors , Qualitative Research , Leisure Activities , Music , OccupationsABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivou-se relatar a experiência de uma produção estética, poética e teatral de ocupação da cidade a partir de um dispositivo da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, com vistas a oferecer espaço de sociabilidade, produção e intervenção cultural. Trata-se de um relato de experiência a partir do Centro de Convivência e Cultura (CECCO) de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, dentro do campo da desinstitucionalização da loucura e da saúde mental. A intervenção urbana "O Pequeno Príncipe ocupa a Ribeira" foi inspirada na obra do escritor Saint-Exupéry. Os atos artísticos e criativos relatados aconteceram em dezembro de 2019. Experimentamos nessa intervenção os alcances de uma clínica-estética que, ao se abrir para a rua e para a arte, se amplia e se tece no território, instrumentalizado pelo teatro, dança, poesia, percussão, artesanato e ocupação da cidade. O movimento gerou no coletivo um "descer do palco" em direção à rua e se conecta com a desconstrução do modelo manicomial e produção da clínica dos afetos que buscamos sustentar no cotidiano do serviço.
Abstract This study aimed to report the experience of an aesthetic, poetic, and theatrical production of the city's occupation from a device of the Psychosocial Care Network to offer space for sociability, production, and cultural intervention. This is an account of an experience from the Social and Cultural Center (CECCO) in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, within madness and mental health deinstitutionalization. The intervention "The Little Prince occupies the Ribeira" was inspired by the work of author Saint-Exupéry. The artistic and creative acts reported occurred in December 2019. We experienced in this intervention the reach of an aesthetic clinic that, when opened to the street and art, expanded and weaved in the territory, instrumentalized by theater, dance, poetry, percussion, crafts, and city's occupation. The movement led the community to "step down from the stage" to the streets and is connected with the twist of the asylum model and the production of the affection clinic that we seek to sustain in the daily service.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Health , Mental Health Services , Brazil , Deinstitutionalization , Esthetics , OccupationsABSTRACT
La investigación tuvo como propósito comprender el aporte de la ocupación al proceso subjetivante de cinco mujeres rurales vinculadas con organizaciones sociales de los departamentos de Caldas y Boyacá, en Colombia. Toma como fundamento teórico lo planteado por el grupo de investigación Ocupación y Realización Humana en el libro Ocupación: sentido, realización y libertad; diálogos en torno al sujeto, la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Se utilizó un diseño metodológico cualitativo en un entorno virtual, con estrategias participativas de interacción, diálogo y vínculo. Los resultados se organizan en dos categorías: ser mujer y hacer cotidiano. Se proponen seis premisas para contribuir a la comprensión del aporte de la ocupación al proceso subjetivante de las mujeres participantes: los haceres significativos reconfiguran lo que se es y desea ser; por medio del hacer el sujeto transforma y trasciende a su propósito de libertad; el sujeto tiene capacidad de decidir sus ocupaciones; la ocupación es una forma de semiotizar formas culturales de ser; la persona se construye en su interacción con el entorno por medio de su actuar ocupacional.
The research aimed to understand the contribution of occupation to the subjective process of five rural women involved in social organizations in the Caldas and Boyacá departments in Colombia. It is based on the theoretical foundation of the Occupation and Human Fulfillment research group in its book Ocupación: sentido, realización y libertad; diálogos en torno al sujeto, la sociedad y el medio ambiente (Occupation: meaning, fulfillment and freedom; dialogues around the subject, society, and the environment). A qualitative methodological design was used in a virtual environment, with participatory interaction, dialogue, and linkage strategies. The results are organized in two categories: being a woman and daily doing. Six premises are proposed to contribute to the understanding of occupation as a subjectivizing process of the participating women, as follows: significant doings reconfigure what one is and wishes to be. Through doing, the subject transforms and transcends their purpose of freedom; the subject has the capacity to decide their occupations; occupation is a way of semiotizing cultural ways of being; a person is constructed in their interaction with the environment through their occupational acting.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender a contribuição da ocupação para o processo subjetivo de cinco mulheres rurais pertencentes às organizações sociais nos departamentos de Caldas e Boyacá, na Colômbia. Esta investigação tem como base teórica as ideias apresentadas pelo grupo de pesquisa Ocupação e Realização Humana no livro Ocupação: significado, realização e liberdade; diálogos sobre o sujeito, a sociedade e o meio ambiente. Um desenho metodológico qualitativo foi utilizado em um ambiente virtual, com estratégias participativas de interação, diálogo e vínculo. Os resultados estão organizados em duas categorias: ser mulher e fazer no cotidiano, o que permite propor seis premissas a fim de contribuir para a compreensão da ocupação como um processo subjetivo das mulheres participantes, tais como: fazer atividades significativas reconfigura o que se é e o que se deseja ser; através do fazer, o sujeito transforma e transcende seu propósito de liberdade; o sujeito tem a capacidade de decidir suas ocupações; a ocupação é uma forma de semiotizar formas culturais de ser; e, por fim, a pessoa se constrói em sua interação com o meio ambiente por meio de suas ações ocupacionais.
Subject(s)
Social Participation , Occupations , Women , OrganizationsABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the current situation of early treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds by professional burn medical staff in China, and to further promote the standardized early clinical treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. From November 2020 to February 2021, the self-designed questionnaire for the early treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds was published through the "questionnaire star" website and shared through WeChat to conduct a convenient sampling survey of domestic medical staff engaged in burn specialty who met the inclusion criteria. The number, region, and grade of the affiliated hospital, the age, gender, occupation, and seniority of the respondents were recorded. The respondents were divided into physician group and nurse group, senior group and junior group, eastern region group and non-eastern region group, primary and secondary hospital group and tertiary hospital group. Then the seniority, grade of the affiliated hospital, region of the affiliated hospital of the respondents in physician group and nurse group, conventional treatment of partial-thickness burn blisters, reasons for retaining vesicular skin, reasons for removing vesicular skin, and the conventional selection and optimal solution recommendation of topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage of respondents in each of all the groups were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test. Results: The survey covered 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except for Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan regions). A total of 979 questionnaires were recovered, which were all valid. The 979 respondents came from 449 hospitals across the country, including 203 hospitals in the eastern region, 116 hospitals in the western region, 99 hospitals in the central region, and 31 hospitals in the northeast region, 348 tertiary hospitals, 79 secondary hospitals, and 22 primary hospitals. The age of the respondents was (39±10) years. There were 543 males and 436 females, 656 physicians and 323 nurses, 473 juniors and 506 seniors, 460 in the eastern regions and 519 in the non-eastern regions, 818 in tertiary hospitals and 161 in primary and secondary hospitals. There were statistically significant differences in the composition of different seniority in the respondents between physician group and nurse group (χ2=44.32, P<0.01), while there were no statistically significant differences in grade or region of the affiliated hospital of the respondents between physician group and nurse group (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the conventional treatment of partial-thickness burn blisters among respondents between different occupational groups, seniority groups, and region of the affiliated hospital groups (P>0.05).The respondents in different grade of the affiliated hospital groups differed significantly in the conventional treatment of partial-thickness burn blisters (χ2=6.24, P<0.05). Compared with respondents in nurse group, larger percentage of respondents in physician group chose to retain vesicular skin for protecting the wounds and providing a moist environment, and alleviating the pain of dressing change (with χ2 values of 21.22 and 19.96, respectively, P values below 0.01), and smaller percentage of respondents in physician group chose to retain vesicular skin for prevention of wound infection (χ2=23.55, P<0.01). The reasons for retaining vesicular skin of respondents between physician group and nurse group were similar in accelerating wound healing, alleviating pigmentation and scar hyperplasia post wound healing (P>0.05). Compared with respondents in junior group, larger percentage of respondents in senior group chose to retain vesicular skin for protecting the wounds and providing a moist environment and alleviating the pain of dressing change (with χ2 values of 10.36 and 4.60, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and smaller percentage of respondents in senior group chose to retain vesicular skin for prevention of wound infection (χ2=8.20, P<0.01). The reasons for retaining vesicular skin of respondents in senior group and junior group were similar in accelerating wound healing, alleviating pigmentation and scar hyperplasia post wound healing (P>0.05). The 5 reasons for the respondents between eastern region group and non-eastern region group, primary and secondary hospital group and tertiary hospital group chose to retain vesicular skin were all similar (P>0.05). Compared with those in physician group, significantly higher percentage of respondents in nurse group were in favor of the following 6 reasons for removing the vesicular skin, including convenience for using more ideal dressings to protect the wounds, prevention of wound infection, facilitating the effect of topical drugs on the wounds, the likely rupture of blisters and wound contamination, accelerating wound healing, and alleviating pigmentation and scar hyperplasia post wound healing (with χ2 values of 4.35, 25.59, 11.83, 16.76, 46.31, and 17.54, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with respondents in senior group, larger percentage of respondents in junior group chose to remove vesicular skin for the reasons such as the likely blister rupture and wound contamination, preventing wound infection, accelerating wound healing, and alleviating pigmentation and scar hyperplasia post wound healing (with χ2 values of 17.25, 18.63, 14.83, and 10.23, respectively, P values below 0.01). Compared with respondents in non-eastern region group, larger percentage of respondents in eastern region group chose to remove vesicular skin for preventing wound infection and the likely rupture of blisters and wound contamination (with χ2 values of 9.30 and 8.65, respectively, P values below 0.01). The 6 reasons for the respondents between tertiary hospital group and primary and secondary hospital group choose to remove vesicular skin were similar (P>0.05). Compared with respondents in physician group, larger percentage of respondents in nurse group chose to use moisturizing materials for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (χ2=6.18, P<0.05), and smaller percentage of respondents in nurse group chose other topical drugs or dressings (χ2=5.20, P<0.05). Compared with respondents in junior group, larger percentage of respondents in senior group chose to use moisturizing materials and other topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (with χ2 values of 4.97 and 21.80, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with respondents in non-eastern region group, larger percentage of respondents in eastern region group chose to use topical antimicrobial drugs for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (χ2=4.09, P<0.05), and smaller percentage of respondents in eastern region group chose to use other topical drugs or dressings for the partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (χ2=5.63, P<0.05). Compared with respondents in primary and secondary hospital group, larger percentage of respondents in tertiary hospital group chose to use biological dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (χ2=9.38, P<0.01). The optimal solution recommendation of topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage varied significantly among the respondents between different occupational groups and seniority groups (with χ2 values of 39.58 and 19.93, respectively, P values below 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between eastern and non-eastern region groups, tertiary hospital group and primary and secondary hospital groups in optimal solution recommendation of topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage (P>0.05). Conclusions: The conventional treatment measures of partial-thickness burn blisters and reasons for preserving blister skin by professional burn medical staff in China are relatively consistent, but there are great differences in the selection of reasons for removing blister skin, the conventional selection and optimal solution recommendation of topical drugs or dressings for partial-thickness burn wounds in the early stage. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a clinical treatment standard for partial-thickness burn wounds.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blister , Burns/drug therapy , Cicatrix/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hyperplasia , Medical Staff , Occupations , Pain , Soft Tissue Injuries , Wound InfectionABSTRACT
Nas investigações dos determinantes da duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME), a variável trabalho materno remunerado é quase sempre dicotomizada em não e sim. Este estudo analisa possíveis associações entre características da ocupação materna e menor duração do AME. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte em uma amostra sistemática de nascimentos do Município de São Luís (Maranhão, Brasil) em 2010. As exposições tipo de ocupação materna, números de dias trabalhados/semana e de horas trabalhadas/dia, trabalha em pé a maior parte do tempo e levanta objetos pesados nesse trabalho foram coletadas com 5.166 mães de nascidos vivos. A amostra final desse estudo teve 3.268 observações. Foi utilizada análise de sobrevida para testar associações entre as exposições e os desfechos AME até 4 meses (AME4) e AME até 6 meses (AME6). Não ter trabalho remunerado foi a categoria de referência. Regressões ajustadas de Cox mostraram que mães com ocupações manuais semiespecializadas (intervalo de 95% de confiança, IC95%: 1,02-1,58 para AME4 e IC95%: 1,11-1,56 para AME6) e mães que trabalhavam 8 ou mais horas diárias (IC95%: 1,01-1,36 para AME4 e IC95%: 1,11-1,41 para AME6) mais frequentemente interromperam AME. Mães com ocupações em funções de escritório (IC95%: 1,07-1,46), que trabalhavam 4-5 dias (IC95%: 1,01-1,36) ou 6-7 dias/semana (IC95%: 1,09-1,40) e por 5-7 horas (IC95%: 1,03-1,43) também praticaram menos AME6. Trabalhar (IC95%: 1,08-1,40) ou não (IC95%: 1,03-1,34) em pé a maior parte do tempo e levantar (IC95%: 1,07-1,56) ou não (IC95%: 1,06-1,33) objetos pesados no trabalho diminuíram a duração de AME6. Tipos de ocupação e de jornada de trabalho interferiram mais frequentemente na duração de AME6.
In investigations determining the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), the variable paid maternal work is mostly dichotomized into no and yes. This study analyzes possible associations between the characteristics of maternal occupation and shorter EBF duration. A cohort study was conducted in a systematic sample of births in the city of São Luís (State of Maranhão, Brazil), in 2010. The variables type of maternal occupation, numbers of days worked/week and hours worked/day, if they work while standing for most of the time, and if they lift heavy objects at work were collected with 5,166 mothers of live births. The final sample of this study had 3,268 observations. Survival analysis was used to evaluate associations between variables and EBF outcomes up to 4 months (EBF4) and EBF up to 6 months (EBF6). Not having paid work was the reference category. Adjusted Cox regressions showed that mothers with semi-specialized manual work (95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 1.02-1.58 for EBF4 and 95%CI: 1.11-1.56 for EBF6) and mothers who worked 8 or more hours daily (95%CI: 1.01-1.36 for AME4 and 95%CI: 1.11-1.41 for ESA6) more frequently discontinued EBF. Mothers with in-office occupations (95%CI: 1.07-1.46), who worked 4-5 days (95%CI: 1.01-1.36) or 6-7 days/week (95%CI: 1.09-1.40) and for 5-7 hours (95%CI: 1.03-1.43) also practiced less EBF6. Working (95%CI: 1.08-1.40) or not (95%CI: 1.03-1.34) while standing for most of the workday and lifting (95%CI: 1.07-1.56) or not (95%CI: 1.06-1.33) heavy objects at work decreased the duration of EBF6. Types of occupation and working time interfered more frequently in the duration of EBF6.
En las investigaciones sobre los determinantes de la duración de la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME), la variable trabajo materno remunerado casi siempre se dicotomiza en no y sí. Este estudio analiza las posibles asociaciones entre las características de la ocupación materna y la menor duración de la LME. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte sobre una muestra sistemática de nacimientos en el Municipio de São Luís (Maranhão, Brasil), en el 2010. Se recopilaron las exposiciones tipo de ocupación materna, número de días trabajados/semana y horas trabajadas/día, trabajo de pie la mayor parte del tiempo y levantamiento de objetos pesados en el trabajo con 5.166 madres de nacidos vivos. La muestra final de este estudio contó con 3.268 observaciones. Se utilizó el análisis de sobrevida para probar las asociaciones entre las exposiciones y los desenlaces LME hasta 4 meses (LME4) y LME hasta 6 meses (LME6). No tener trabajo remunerado fue la categoría de referencia. Las regresiones ajustadas de Cox mostraron que las madres con ocupaciones manuales semiespecializadas (intervalo del 95% de confianza, IC95%: 1,02-1,58 para LME4 y IC95%: 1,11-1,56 para LME6) y las madres que trabajaban 8 horas o más al día (IC95%: 1,01-1,36 para LME4 y IC95%: 1,11-1,41 para LME6) interrumpieron con más frecuencia la LME. Las madres con ocupaciones en funciones de oficina (IC95%: 1,07-1,46), que trabajaban 4-5 días (IC95%: 1,01-1,36) o 6-7 días/semana (IC95%: 1,09-1,40) y durante 5-7 horas (IC95%: 1,03-1,43) también redujeron la LME6. Trabajar (IC95%: 1,08-1,40) o no (IC95%: 1,03-1,34) estar de pie la mayor parte del tiempo y levantar (IC95%: 1,07-1,56) o no (IC95%: 1,06-1,33) objetos pesados en el trabajo redujo la duración de la LME6. Los tipos de ocupación y la jornada laboral interfirieron con mayor frecuencia en la duración de la LME6.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Breast Feeding , Birth Cohort , Brazil , Cohort Studies , Mothers , OccupationsABSTRACT
Neste artigo problematizamos a categoria trajetórias laborais a partir de duas teses de doutorado em psicologia social do trabalho. Os objetivos das teses foram, de forma sintética, investigar as trajetórias laborais, no primeiro estudo, junto a brasileiros/as retornados/as da Europa ocidental e, no segundo, junto a jovens profissionais diplomados em uma universidade pública brasileira. Ao pensarmos as duas investigações, apontamos aproximações e peculiaridades entre si. Partindo dessas sínteses, buscamos evidenciar a centralidade, os determinantes sociais e históricos e o processo de contínua construção e indeterminação das trajetórias laborais. Assim, consideramos o uso dessa ferramenta teórico-metodológica como profícua para os estudos no campo da psicologia social do trabalho
This study problematizes labor trajectories category based on two doctoral theses in the social psychology of work. These theses aimed to synthetically investigate labors trajectories. The first one analyzed Brazilian migrants' returnees from Western Europe and the second one, young professionals graduated from a Brazilian public university. Analyzing both investigations, we highlight their common aspects and their differences. Based on these syntheses, we have thus problematized the category of labors trajectories: 1) its centrality; 2) its social and historical determinants; and 3) its process of continuous construction and indeterminacy. Thus, we understand that using this theoretical and methodological tool may profit social psychology of work studies
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Work/psychology , Employment/psychology , Occupations , Psychology, Social , Transients and Migrants , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of the present study was to summarize the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among Brazilian workers through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had; an observational design, a sample of Brazilian workers, used a validated instrument and cut-off to assess CMD, and provided the prevalence value. A random-effect meta-analysis using professional categories as subgroups and a meta-regression were conducted. In total, 89 studies were included, with a total of 56,278 workers from 26 professional categories. The overall pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.30 (95%CI: 0.27-0.34), varying from 0.07 to 0.58. Professional categories that presented higher prevalences of CMD were: Prostitutes 0.58 (95%CI: 0.51-0.65), Social Educators 0.54 (95%CI: 0.50-0.59), Banking Workers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.44-0.47), Ragpickers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.40-0.49), and Teachers 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32-0.48). No other variable in addition to profession was associated with prevalence of CMD in the meta-regression analysis. Workers from the most affected professional categories should be monitored to prevent social, occupational, and health impairment from CMD.
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em trabalhadores brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise. As buscas foram realizadas no SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Artigos observacionais, com amostra de trabalhadores brasileiros, que utilizaram instrumento e ponto de corte validados e que apresentaram valor de prevalência foram incluídos. Foram realizadas a meta-análise com efeito aleatório utilizando as categorias profissionais como subgrupos e a meta-regressão. Foram incluídos 89 estudos, com um total de 56.278 trabalhadores de 26 categorias profissionais. A prevalência global de TMC foi de 0,30 (IC95%: 0,27-0,34), variando de 0,07 a 0,58. As categorias profissionais que apresentaram maiores valores de TMC foram: prostitutas 0,58 (IC95%: 0,51-0,65), educadores sociais 0.54 (IC95%: 0,50-0,59), bancários 0,45 (IC95%: 0,44-0,47), coletores 0,45 (IC95%: 0,40-0,49) e professores 0,40 (IC95%: 0,32-0,48). Nenhuma outra variável além da profissão se associou ao TMC na meta-regressão. Trabalhadores das categorias profissionais mais afetadas por TMC devem ser monitorados para prevenir os prejuízos sociais, ocupacionais e de saúde associados aos TMC.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , OccupationsABSTRACT
Background: Early initiation of breast feeding and feeding exclusively for six months have great implication for the survival, well-being and growth of new borne. Factors such as maternal age, occupation, religion, spouse age, spouse occupation, parity, antenatal care (ANC) attendance, mode of delivery (MOD) and birth order are significantly associated with exclusive breast feeding (EBF) Methodology: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among nursing mothers attending child health clinic in General Hospital Bonny, in Bonny Island, Rivers State, Nigeria. All eligible nursing mother who presented at the clinic were enlisted for the study. Enlistment of eligible participants was done on every child welfare clinic day. Data was collected using a pretested, interviewer administered, structured questionnaire which was adapted and prepared in English Language. Categorical data was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression model with statistical significance set at 0.05. Result: Results from this study identified significant association between EBF and some maternal variables such as age, occupation and religion. Spouse age and occupation were significantly associated with EBF. ANC attendance, gestational age, MOD, parity and birth order were also significant variables associated with EBF. Conclusion: Maternal variables such as age, occupation, religion, parity, MOD, ANC attendance including spouse age and occupation significantly influence EBF of new borne.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Occupations , Parity , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Child Health , Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding , MothersABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Urinary tract symptoms and infection have been associated with occupational factors that impact hydration habits particularly in women. We compared self-reported urinary symptoms and infection and hydration habits between nurses and other occupations in dialysis units. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Participants worked in five nephrology centers in Brazil and answered an online questionnaire comprising questions regarding urinary tract symptoms and infection episodes in the preceding year; data on usual daily beverage intake, urine frequency, and urine color according to a urine color chart were also collected, as well as perceptions of water access and toilet adequacy at work. Results: We included 133 women (age=36.9±9.5 years). The self-reported usual daily beverage intake was 6.6±2.9 cups/day (~1320 mL), daily urine frequency was 5.4±2.1, and urine color chart score: 3.0±1.2. Nurses (N=66/49.6%) reported higher prevalence of burning sensation (50 versus 27%; P<0.001), urinary urgency (42 versus 21%; P<0.001), and infection (42% versus 25%; P=0.04) as well as lower liquid intake (6.0±2.6 versus 7.3±3.0 cups/day; P=0.01) than controls. Forty four percent of nurses reported being able to drink when thirsty "always" and "most of the time" versus 93% of the control group. Conclusion: Dialysis female nurses reported lower beverage intake and higher prevalence of symptoms and infection than other occupations in the same environment. Interventions to improve hydration can potentially decrease urinary problems in this population.
Resumo Introdução: Sintomas e infecções do trato urinário têm sido associados a fatores ocupacionais que afetam hábitos de hidratação, particularmente em mulheres. Comparamos sintomas e infecções urinárias autorrelatados e hábitos de hidratação entre técnicas de enfermagem e outras ocupações em unidades de diálise. Métodos: Estudo transversal. As participantes trabalhavam em cinco centros de nefrologia no Brasil e responderam um questionário online contendo perguntas sobre sintomas do trato urinário e episódios de infecção no ano anterior; também foram coletados dados sobre a ingestão diária habitual de bebidas, frequência e cor da urina de acordo com uma tabela de cores da urina, assim como percepções sobre o acesso à água e adequação das instalações sanitárias no trabalho. Resultados: Incluímos 133 mulheres (idade=36,9±9,5 anos). Em média, as participantes relataram ingestão de bebidas de 6,6±2,9 copos/dia (~1320 mL), frequência urinária de 5,4±2,1 vezes/dia e escore da tabela de cores da urina de 3,0±1,2. Técnicas de enfremagem (N=66/49,6%) relataram maior prevalência de sensação de ardor (50 versus 27%; P<0,001), urgência urinária (42 versus 21%; P<0,001), e infecção (42% versus 25%; P=0,04), bem como menor ingestão de líquidos (6,0±2,6 versus 7,3±3,0 copos/dia; P=0,01) do que controles. Quarenta e quatro por cento das técnicas de enfermagem relataram poder beber quando têm sede "sempre" e "na maioria das vezes" contra 93% do grupo controle. Conclusão: Técnicas de enfermagem de unidades de diálise relataram menor ingestão de bebidas e maior prevalência de sintomas e infecção do que outras ocupações no mesmo ambiente de trabalho. Intervenções para melhorar a hidratação podem diminuir problemas urinários nesta população.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Urinary Tract , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Renal Dialysis , OccupationsABSTRACT
Introdução: o método coaching é utilizado sob diferentes modalidades e ambientes, mostrando efetividade. Constituído por diversas estratégias e conteúdos, um dos temas principais de seus programas de treinamento é a comunicação, pilar dos comportamentos e atitudes sociais adequados e eficientes. Vários profissionais, entre eles o fonoaudiólogo, participam de modo ativo deste processo. Objetivo: identificar e descrever o perfil de 21 profissionais que participam de processos de coaching em trabalho com a comunicação. Método: estudo descritivo, realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário elaborado com questões abertas e fechadas, visando ao levantamento dos conteúdos relativos à formação do profissional, áreas de atuação, a formação em coaching, a presença de um instrutor-fonoaudiólogo em cursos de especialização, temas sobre comunicação incluídos nos planos de cursos de formação, itens da prática em comunicação e lugar de inserção profissional. Análise descritiva simples por porcentagem. Resultados: são profissionais com diferentes formações originais complementadas pela formação específica em coaching, com atuação prática em diferentes nichos; os conteúdos trabalhados nesta formação visam à adequação e controle do comportamento, emoções e, principalmente, da comunicação, sobretudo em estratégias de assertividade, não violência e expressividade, sem instrutores-tutores com formação original em fonoaudiologia. Conclusão: pesquisas sobre este tema são importantes e necessárias, pois indicam a especificidade das atuações profissionais em processos de coaching, entre eles o fonoaudiólogo.
Introduction: The coaching method has shown effectiveness when applied on different modalities and environments. Consisting of different strategies and content, communication is one of the main topics of its training programs, which is a pillar of appropriate and efficient social behaviors and attitudes. Several professionals actively participate in this process, including the Speech-language Pathologist. Objective: To identify and describe the profile of 21 professionals working in coaching processes with a focus on communication. Method: This was a descriptive study carried out through the application of a questionnaire prepared with open and closed questions, in order to survey the contents related to professional training, areas of expertise, training in coaching, the presence of an instructor-speech-language pathologist in training courses, topics on communication included in the training course plans, items of practice in communication and place of professional insertion. Simple descriptive analysis by percentage. Results: The study included professionals with different original backgrounds complemented by specific coaching training, with practical experience in different niches. The contents addressed in this training aim at the adequacy and control of behavior, emotions and, mainly, communication, especially in assertiveness strategies, non-violence and expressiveness, with no instructor-tutors with original training in speech-language pathology,. Conclusion: Further research on this topic is important and necessary, as they promote the specificities of professional activities in coaching processes, including the speech-language pathologists.
Introducción: el método coaching es utilizado bajo diferentes modalidades y entornos, mostrando efectividad. Integrado por diferentes estrategias y contenidos, uno de los ejes temáticos de sus programas de formación es la comunicación, pilar de las conductas y actitudes sociales adecuadas y eficientes. Muchos profesionales, incluso el logopeda, participan activamente en este proceso. Objetivo: identificar y describir el perfil de 21 profesionales que participan en procesos de coaching en el trabajo con la comunicación. Método: estudio descriptivo, realizado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario elaborado con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, con el objetivo de revelar los contenidos relacionados a la formación profesional, áreas de especialización, formación en coaching, la presencia de un instructor logopeda en cursos de especialización, temas sobre comunicación incluidos en los planes de cursos de formación, prácticas de la comunicación y lugar de inserción profesional. Análisis descriptivo simple por porcentaje. Resultados: son profesionales con diferentes formaciones originales complementadas por la formación específica en coaching, con experiencia práctica en diferentes nichos, los contenidos trabajados en esta formación tienen como objetivo la adecuación y control del comportamiento, las emociones y, principalmente, la comunicación, especialmente en estrategias de asertividad, no violencia y expresividad, sin instructores-tutores con formación original en terapia del lenguaje. Conclusión: investigaciones sobre este tema son importantes y necesarias, ya que indican la especificidad de las actividades profesionales en los procesos de coaching, incluido el logopeda.
Subject(s)
Humans , Communication , Mentoring , Job Description , Surveys and Questionnaires , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , OccupationsABSTRACT
Introdução: Mismatch Negativity (MMN) é um exame objetivo que não depende da realização de tarefas nem da atenção do sujeito. Tem sido utilizado para estudar o processamento auditivo relacionado à detecção automática de mudanças auditivas. Objetivo: Analisar latências e amplitudes do MMN em músicos adultos e comparar os resultados com um grupo controle de não músicos normouvintes. Método: Estudo transversal e comparativo. A amostra foi composta por 69 sujeitos, 40 sujeitos não músicos (grupo controle) e 29 sujeitos músicos (grupo estudo) todos com no mínimo três anos de experiência musical e idades superiores a 18 anos. Todos realizaram avaliação auditiva periférica e o MMN. Resultados: A média das latências e amplitudes do grupo controle foram, respectivamente, 173,61ms (±49.80) e 4,25µV (±3.60) e do grupo estudo foram, respectivamente, 144,23ms (±17.58) e 5,12µV (±2.73). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos por orelha (p<0,05), sendo a média das latências e amplitudes do grupo estudo de 140,08ms na orelha direita e 148,37ms na orelha esquerda, e 4,83µV na orelha direita e 5,41µV na orelha esquerda. Conclusão: O grupo de músicos apresentou melhores resultados, como menor latência e maior amplitude do MMN, evidenciando melhor processamento do estímulo acústico em nível central.
Introduction: Mismatch Negativity (MMN) is an objective exam that does not depend on the subjects' task performance or attention. It is regularly used to study auditory processing relative to the automatic detection of auditory changes. Objective: To analyze the latencies and amplitudes of MMN in adult musicians and compare the results with those of the control group of normal hearing non-musicians. Methods: This is a cross sectional and comparative study. The sample consisted of 69 subjects, aged between 18 and 59 years, with 40 non-musician subjects (control group) and 29 musicians (study group) with at least 3 years of musical expertise, and ages over 18 years. All patients were assessed by peripheral auditory evaluation and MMN. Results: The mean latencies and amplitudes were 173.61 ms (±49.80) and 4.25µV (±3.60) in the control group, and 144.23 ms (±17.58) and 5.12µV (±2.73) in the study group. There was a significant difference between the groups per ear (p<0.05), and the mean latencies and amplitudes in the study group were 140.08 ms in the right ear and 148.37 ms in the left while the values of amplitude were 4.83µV in the right ear and 5.41µV in the left ear. Conclusion: The musicians presented better results for MMN, such as lower latency and greater amplitude, showing evidence of improved acoustic stimulus processing at the central level.
Introduccion: Mismatch Negativity (MMN) es un examen objetivo que no depende del desempeño de las tareas ni de la atención del sujeto. Se há utilizado para estudiar el procesamiento auditivo relacionado com la detección automática de câmbios auditivos. Objetivo: Analizar las latencias y amplitudes del MMN en músicos adultos y comparar los resultados con un grupo de control de músicos normales. Metodos: Estudio transversal y comparativo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 69 sujetos, 40 sujetos no musicales (grupo de control) y 29 sujetos músicos (grupo de estudio) todos con al menos tres años de experiencia musical y mayores de 18 años. Todos se sometieron a evaluación de audición periférica y MMN. Resultados: El promedio de las latencias y amplitudes del grupo control fueron, respectivamente, 173.61ms (± 49.80) y 4.25µV (± 3.60) y del grupo de estudio, respectivamente, 144.23ms (± 17.58) y 5.12 µV (± 2,73). Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos por oído (p <0.05) y el promedio de las latencias y amplitudes del grupo estudiado fue de 140.08ms en el oído derecho y 148.37ms en el oído izquierdo, y 4.83µV en el oído derecho y 5 .41 µV en el oído izquierdo. Conclusión: El grupo de músicos presentó mejores resultados, como menor latencia y mayor amplitud MMN, mostrando un mejor procesamiento del estímulo acústico a nivel central.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Music , Auditory Perception , Control Groups , Cross-Sectional Studies , OccupationsABSTRACT
We evaluate the bivalent relationship between perceiving a calling and burnout syndrome and occupational stress. We suggest that although callings are negatively associated with burnout and stress, they produce a positive effect on both, having the perception of paradoxical tensions as a mediator. For this purpose, we conducted a quantitative survey of 539 individuals. The results showed a direct effect, according to which the more individuals perceive an occupational calling, the smaller the symptoms of burnout and stress. We also found an opposite indirect effect: the more individuals perceive a calling, the greater the symptoms of burnout and stress caused by increased paradoxical tensions that are experienced by individuals. Our findings show the importance of problematizing the idea of occupational callings as a necessarily positive antecedent for career development.
Neste estudo, avalia-se a relação bivalente entre perceber um chamado com a síndrome de burnout e o estresse ocupacional. Sugere-se que apesar dos chamados estarem negativamente associados com o burnout e o estresse, eles podem gerar um aumento nessas variáveis, por meio da percepção de tensões paradoxais. Para isto, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa com 539 indivíduos. Em consonância com a literatura, os resultados apontaram que, diretamente, quanto mais os indivíduos percebem um chamado a uma ocupação, menores são os sintomas de burnout e de estresse. Mostrou também que, indiretamente, quanto mais os indivíduos percebem um chamado, maiores serão os sintomas de burnout e de estresse, provocado pelo aumento de tensões paradoxais que vivenciadas pelos indivíduos.
En este estudio, evaluaremos la relación bivalente entre percibir una llamada con síndrome de burnout y estrés laboral. Sugerimos que aunque los llamamientos se asocian negativamente con el agotamiento y el estrés, pueden generar un aumento en estas variables, a través de la percepción de tensiones paradójicas. Para esto, se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa con 539 individuos. En línea con la literatura, los resultados mostraron que directamente, mientras más individuos perciben un llamamiento a una ocupación, menores son los síntomas de agotamiento y estrés. Evidenció también , indirectamente, que cuanto más un individuo percibe un llamamiento, mayores son los síntomas de burnout y estrés, causados por el aumento de las tensiones paradójicas vivenciadas por los individuos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Vocational Guidance , Occupational Stress , Burnout, Psychological , Occupations , Signs and Symptoms , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Os conflitos no trabalho são tema de interesse de quem atua na área de Psicologia Organizacional. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação cultural para amostras brasileiras e testes de validade de construto e validade de critério da Escala de Conflito Triplo 3 IC (Conflito Cognitivo com Foco na Tarefa, Conflito Emocional com Foco na Tarefa e Conflito Emocional com Foco em Relacionamento). A pesquisa foi realizada com 404 trabalhadores de diferentes ocupações, com coleta de dados de aplicação presencial e eletrônica. A análise de dados contemplou análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, além de uma correlação com a escala de satisfação no trabalho para identificar a validade de critério. Os resultados apontam para uma estrutura fatorial semelhante à versão da escala norueguesa, com manutenção das três dimensões e retenção de 10 entre os 12 itens originais. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados e as possibilidades de uso da escala.(AU)
Workplace conflicts are a topic of interest for those who work in the field of Organizational Psychology. This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation for the Brazilian population of the Scale of Triple Conflict (Task-Focused Cognitive Conflict, Task-Focused Emotional Conflict, and Relationship-Focused Emotional Conflict), as well as the initial tests of construct and criterion validity. The study was conducted with 404 workers of different occupations (64% women). Data were collected both electronically and in person and analyzed by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, as well as by correlation with the Work Satisfaction Scale for verifying the predictive validity. The results indicate that the adapted version presents a factorial structure similar to the Norwegian version, maintaining the three dimensions and ten of the 12 original items. The study discusses the results implications and the possibilities of using the scale.(AU)
Los conflictos laborales son tema de interés de quien actúa en el área de Psicología Organizacional. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar la adaptación cultural para muestras brasileñas y pruebas de validez de constructo y validez de criterio de la Escala de Conflicto Triple 3 IC (Conflicto Cognitivo con Foco en la Tarea, Conflicto Emocional con Foco en la Tarea y Conflicto Emocional con Foco en la Relación). Participaron en el estudio 404 trabajadores de diferentes ocupaciones, y la recolección de datos fue de aplicación presencial y electrónica. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, además de una correlación con la escala de satisfacción en el trabajo para identificar la validez predictiva. Los resultados apuntan a una estructura factorial similar a la versión de la escala noruega, con mantenimiento de las tres dimensiones y retención de 10 de los 12 ítems originales. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados y las posibilidades de uso de la escala.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Organizational Culture , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Adaptation to Disasters , Women , Work , Burnout, Professional , Organizations , Workplace , Job Satisfaction , OccupationsABSTRACT
Under the new situation of professionalization reform for fire rescue forces in China, the research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of the emergency rescue personnel is expected to usher in a new stage. Based on some theoretical researches and practical results of domestic and foreign literature, this paper summarized the research results of the social and psychological factors of PTSD of emergency rescue personnel, and made suggestions and prospects for the future research and policy-making in related fields in China.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Emergency Service, Hospital , Occupations , Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#We aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between occupational class and self-reported low back pain (LBP) in a representative sample of the Japanese general population.@*METHODS@#We used anonymized data from a nationwide survey (31,443 men and 35,870 women aged ≥ 20). Occupational class variables included working status, occupation, employment status, and company size (number of employees). Covariates included age, socio-economic status, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Poisson regression models stratified by gender were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for self-reported LBP.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of self-reported LBP was 11.7% in men and 14.2% in women. After adjustment for covariates and mutual adjustment for all occupational class variables, among both genders, agricultural/forestry/fishery workers and non-workers had a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported LBP: APR (95% CI) of agricultural/forestry/fishery was 1.36 (1.08-1.70) in men and 1.59 (1.30-1.93) in women; that of non-workers was 1.42 (1.18-1.70) in men and 1.23 (1.08-1.40) in women. Among men, non-regular employees were more likely to have self-reported LBP than regular employees: APR (95% CI) was 1.25 (1.07-1.46) in part-timers and casual staff and 1.18 (1.03-1.35) in other types of non-regular employees. Moreover, compared to men working at companies with ≥ 100 employees, men working at companies with 30-99 employees had a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported LBP (APR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34). Among women, professionals and technicians (1.26; 1.11-1.43) and sales workers (1.22; 1.04-1.43) had a significantly higher prevalence of self-reported LBP than clerks. Neither employment status nor company size was associated with self-reported LBP in women. After stratified analyses by age group, similar patterns were observed in participants aged 20-64, but not in those aged ≥ 65.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results suggest that self-reported LBP is highly prevalent among agricultural/forestry/fishery workers and the unemployed, regardless of gender, and that there are also gender differences in the association of occupational class factors with self-reported LBP. It is necessary, therefore, to take preventive measures against LBP based on gender and occupational class factors in Japan.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Japan/epidemiology , Low Back Pain/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Self Report , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people in Wuhan. This was a cross-sectional study, which enrolled 18,712 asymptomatic participants from 154 work units in Wuhan. Pearson Chi-square test,
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , COVID-19/immunology , Carrier State/immunology , China/epidemiology , Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Occupations/classification , Phosphoproteins/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunologyABSTRACT
This study aims to describe the prevalence and factors associated of physical and psychosocial demands among Brazilian workers. Data were obtained from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey. Physical demand was defined as jobs that require intense physical effort or excessive walking, whereas psychosocial demand was defined as involvement in stressful activities. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between demands and health conditions, occupational characteristics, and work conditions. Out of 39,590 participants, 54.4% reported physical demands and 35.5% psychosocial demands at work. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, occupational characteristics, and work conditions remained significantly associated with physical or psychosocial workload. The results suggest that in Brazil the work has a high level of physical and psychosocial demands, which are associated with occupational features and health conditions. It is necessary to incorporate work activities as significant factors to investigate the causes of diseases. And the interventions and policies aimed at preventing the negative occupational exposures are urgent, and can contribute to improve physical and psychosocial health at the workplace.
O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a prevalência de demandas físicas e psicossociais e fatores associados entre trabalhadores brasileiros. Os dados foram obtidos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013. A demanda física foi definida como trabalhos que exigem esforço físico intenso ou caminhadas excessivas. A demanda psicossocial foi definida como envolvimento em atividades que levam ao nervosismo. A regressão logística multivariada foi utilizada para estimar a associação entre demandas e condições de saúde, características ocupacionais e condições de trabalho. Dos 39.590 participantes, 54,4% relataram demandas físicas e 35,5% demandas psicossociais no trabalho. Depois de ajustar para características sociodemográficas, as condições de saúde, características ocupacionais e condições de trabalho permaneceram associadas significativamente com a carga de trabalho física ou psicossocial. Os resultados sugerem que o trabalho no Brasil apresenta níveis elevados de demandas físicas e psicossociais. Essa demanda está associada a características ocupacionais e condições de saúde. É necessário incorporar as atividades laborais enquanto fatores importantes na investigação das causas de doenças. Além disso, são urgentes as intervenções e políticas de prevenção das exposições ocupacionais negativas, podendo contribuir para melhorar a saúde física e psicossocial no local de trabalho.
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la prevalencia y factores asociados a las exigencias físicas y psicosociales entre trabajadores brasileños. Los datos se obtuvieron de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 2013 en Brasil. La exigencia física fue definida como trabajos que requieren un esfuerzo físico intenso o caminar excesivamente. La exigencia psicosocial fue definida como la implicación en actividades que conducen al nerviosismo. Se utilizó una regresión logística multivariada para estimar la asociación entre exigencias y condiciones de salud, características ocupacionales y condiciones laborales. De los 39.590 participantes, un 54,4% informó de exigencias físicas y un 35,5% de psicosociales en el trabajo. Tras el ajuste por características sociodemográficas, las condiciones de salud, características y condiciones laborales continuaron significativamente asociadas a la carga de trabajo física o psicosocial. Los resultados sugieren que en Brasil el trabajo posse una alta exigencia física y psicosocial. Asimismo, esta exigencia está asociada con características laborales y condiciones de salud. Es necesario incorporar las actividades laborales como factores importantes para investigar las causas de enfermedades. Asimismo, son urgentes las intervenciones y políticas con el objetivo de prevenir exposiciones laborales negativas, y pueden contribuir a mejorar la salud física y psicosocial en el lugar de trabajo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Workload , Workplace , OccupationsABSTRACT
Un año después de la declaración oficial de la pandemia por COVID-19, en esta editorial su autora reflexiona sobre los desafíos ocupacionales que enfrenta la humanidad y la responsabilidad ética que, como terapeutas ocupacionales, tenemos frente a estos. Haciendo uso del constructo ocupación, se invita a un cambio de paradigma para ocupar con.
One year after the official declaration of the covid-19 pandemic, this editorial reflects on the occupational challenges that we as a human species face and the ethical responsibility that as occupational therapists we have to face these challenges, making use of the construct "occupation", inviting a paradigm shift to "occupy with".