ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o uso tópico de óleos essenciais como potencial agentes para a atividade de clínica odontológica. Métodos: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados BVS e PubMed. Selecionando artigos-chave que abordavam a aplicação de óleos essenciais em odontologia, utilizando como palavras-chave o nome científico e popular associado a "dentistry", nos idiomas português e inglês, publicados no período de 2018 a 2022. Resultados: Obteve-se uma tabela contendo os principais óleos essenciais de utilização comum 54 óleos , sendo 34 excluídos por não possuírem ligação com a odontologia, e 20 óleos fazendo referência a utilização na prática clínica, dessa maneira analisados as suas principais propriedades, notou-se eficácia em diversas áreas como em: periodontia; endodontia; odontopediatria; cicatrização de lesões na cavidade oral; analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e anestésicos. Conclusão: Dessa forma, pode-se observar que há aplicação de óleos essenciais na odontologia, e que possui diversos benefícios quando utilizada de maneira correta e adequada, manifestando efeitos que abordam o paciente em sua universalidade. Nesse sentido, é necessário maiores estudos nessa área, pois apresentou um número considerável de resultados positivos na utilização de óleos essenciais na atividade odontológica para poder tirar proveito dos benefícios oferecidos através dos óleos.
Objective: To analyze the available evidence in the literature regarding the topical use of essential oils as potential agents for dental clinic activities. Methods: BVS and PubMed databases were utilized. Key articles addressing the application of essential oils in dentistry were selected, using scientific and common names associated with "dentistry" as keywords in Portuguese and English, published between 2018 and 2022. Results: A table was compiled containing the main essential oils commonly used54 oils in total. Thirty-four oils were excluded as they had no connection to dentistry, leaving 20 oils associated with clinical practice. The analysis of these oils revealed their primary properties, showing efficacy in various areas such as periodontics, endodontics, pediatric dentistry, healing of oral cavity lesions, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anesthetic effects. Conclusion: Thus, it can be observed that there is an application of essential oils in dentistry, and they offer various benefits when used correctly and appropriately, manifesting effects that address the patient universally. In this regard, further studies in this area are necessary as it presented a considerable number of positive results in the use of essential oils in dental practice to fully take advantage of the benefits offered by these oils.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , DentistryABSTRACT
Piper is a large plant genus containing essential oils rich in mono and sesquiterpenes and other secondary metabolites showing different biological activities. Piper aequale, cordoncillo, is used in México for urinary and prostate ailments, suggesting a potential therapeutic effect against prostate cancer. Due to the lack of chemical and pharmacological information on this species, in this work antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities were evaluated. Leaves ethanol and methanol extracts were used to assess antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP), antimicrobial activity (Kirby-Bauer) against clinically relevant strains and antiproliferative activity on prostate cancer cell line PC-3 (MTT assay). Methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with 69.08% (DPPH) and inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacterial strains associated with urinary tract infections. Ethanolic extract displayed moderate antiproliferative activity (IC5081.28 µg/mL), showing cytotoxicity from 100 µg/mL. This study demonstrates P. aequale exhibits inhibitory effects against bacteria associated with urinary problems and antiproliferative properties in prostate cancer cells.
Piper es un género numeroso de plantas con aceites esenciales ricos en mono y sesquiterpenos y otros metabolitos bioactivos. Piper aequale, cordoncillo, se usa en México para afecciones urinarias y prostáticas, sugiriendo un posible efecto terapéutico contra el cáncer de próstata. Con poca información química y farmacológica, en este trabajo se evaluaron las actividades antimicrobiana y antiproliferativa. En los extractos etanólico EE y metanólico EM de hojas se determinaron la actividad antioxidante (DPPH, FRAP), antimicrobiana (Kirby-Bauer) frente a cepas clínicamente relevantes y antiproliferativa en la línea celular PC-3 de cáncer de próstata (ensayo MTT). EM exhibió la mayor actividad antioxidante, 69,08% (DPPH) y efecto inhibidor de bacterias asociadas a infecciones urinarias. EE mostró actividad antiproliferativa moderada (IC5081,28 µg/mL) y citotoxicidad a partir de 100 µg/mL. Este estudio demostró que P. aequale ejerció actividad antimicrobiana contra bacterias presentes en afecciones urinarias y actividad antiproliferativa en células de cáncer de próstata.
Subject(s)
Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Piper/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Medicine, Traditional , Mexico , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from leaves and flowers of Lepechinia rufocampii Epling & Mathias were studied. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses allowed the identification and quantification of 122 constituents, representing 98.7% of the essential oil. Aliphatic compounds, mainly methyl ketones (62.4%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (19.5%) were found to be the most abundant compounds, while oxygenated monoterpenes were the minor. The most abundant compounds were undecan-2-one (34.6%), nonan-2-one (21.1%), and (E)-caryophyllene (8.3%). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The essential oil had a low scavenging effect and it showed ferric reducing activity. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against pathogenic bacteria and a pathogenic yeast. The essential oil showed very good activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella entericaserovar, but low activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Candida albicans. The MIC valueof the essential oil varied from 1.04-33.05 µL/mL, with the lowest for Salmonella entericaserovar.
Se estudió la composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial de hojas y flores de Lepechinia rufocampii Epling & Mathias. Los análisis por GC-FID y GC-MS permitieron la identificación y cuantificación de 122 constituyentes, que representan el 98.7% del aceite esencial. Los compuestos alifáticos, principalmente metilcetonas (62.4%) y los hidrocarburos sesquiterpénicos (19.5%) resultaron ser los compuestos más abundantes, mientras que los monoterpenos oxigenados fueron los minoritarios. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron undecan-2-ona (34.6%), nonan-2-ona (21.1%) y (E)-cariofileno (8.3%). La actividad antioxidante se examinó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. El aceite esencial tuvo un bajo efecto eliminador y mostró actividad reductora de hierro. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial contra bacterias patógenas y una levadura patógena. El aceite esencial mostró muy buena actividad contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Salmonella entericaserovar, pero baja actividad contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Candida albicans. El valor de CIM del aceite esencial varió de 1.04 a 33.05 µL/mL, siendo el más bajo para Salmonella entericaserovar.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Ecuador , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The main components of the essential oil (EO) of Schihus molle L were characterized by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The following components found were: α-pinene (22%), limonene (19%), caryophyllene (11%), ß-pinene (8%), γ-gurjunene (6%), 7-Tetracyclo [6.2.1.0(3.8)0(3.9)] undecanol, 4,4,11,11-tetramethyl (5%), ß-cadinene (4.11%), ledene oxide (4%), isoledene and ß -elemene (3%), and finally δ-cadinene with 2% and others. They are terpene-type compounds in different concentrations. Their potential use in medicine stands out for being anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant, memory loss recovery, kidney and liver problem preventions, antioxidant, immunoprotective and it is also used as anticancer, antimetastatic, among other uses. It also has a potential use as an antifungal, antimicrobial and insecticidal effect. They made it suitable for medical therapies as well as controlling of pests and microorganisms and other applications.
Los principales componentes del aceite esencial (AE) de Schihus molle L fueron caracterizados mediante Cromatografía de Gases con Espectrometría de Masas (GC-MS). Los siguientes componentes encontrados fueron: α-pineno (22%), limoneno (19%), cariofileno (11%), ß-pineno (8%), γ-gurjuneno (6%), 7-tetraciclo [6.2.1.0(3.8)0(3.9)] undecanol, 4,4,11,11-tetrametilo (5%), ß-cadineno (4,11%), óxido de ledeno (4%), isoledeno y ß-elemeno (3%), y finalmente δ-cadineno con 2% y otros. Son compuestos de tipo terpeno en diferentes concentraciones. Su potencial uso en medicina destaca por ser antiinflamatorio, ansiolítico, antidepresivo, recuperador de la pérdida de memoria, preventivo de problemas renales y hepáticos, antioxidante, inmunoprotector y también se utiliza como anticancerígeno, antimetastásico, entre otros usos. También tiene un uso potencial como efecto antifúngico, antimicrobiano e insecticida. Lo hicieron adecuado para terapias médicas, así como para el control de plagas y microorganismos y otras aplicaciones.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Argentina , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methodsABSTRACT
The medicinal plant Piper aduncum was segregated in Cuba as P. aduncum subsp. ossanumand P. aduncum subsp. aduncum, the latter has not been phytochemically investigated in Cuba. This study aims to compare profiles of non-volatile compounds of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cuban Piper aduncum subspecies leaves. From both subspecies were prepared a decoction and, an ethanolic extract that yield two fractions. Analysis was performed by UPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS. Standard reference compounds were assessed by comparison with MS data of the plants extracts. Also, tentatively assigned compounds were proposed by matching m/z and fragmentation patterns with P. aduncum published compounds. Main compounds in decoction and aqueous ethanolic fraction of both subspecies were characterized as flavon-C-glycosides. Isoorientin was not previously reported in P. aduncum. Oleaginous ethanolic extracts differs among subspecies and peaks are coincident with benzoic acid derivate compounds. Results can serve for quality control of P. aduncumin Cuba
La planta medicinal Piper aduncum, fue segregada en Cuba como P. aduncum subsp. ossanum y P. aduncum subsp. aduncum, la última carece de estudios fitoquímicos en Cuba. El objetivo fue comparar los perfiles de los compuestos no volátiles de extractos acuosos y etanólicos de hojas de las subespecies cubanas de P. aduncum. De ambas subespecies se prepararon decocciones y extractos etanólicos que rindieron dos fracciones, que fueron analizadas mediante UPLC-ESI/QTOF/MS. Los MS obtenidos se evaluaron respecto a compuestos de referencia y tentativamente se asignaron compuestos comparando con los reportados en P. aduncum. Los perfiles de LC-MS de decocciones y fracciones acuosas fueron similares en ambas subespecies, los compuestos mayoritarios fueron C-glucósidos de flavonas. La isorientina no se ha reportado antes en P. aduncum. Las fracciones oleaginosas difieren entre las subespecies, sus picos coinciden con derivados del ácido benzoico. Estos resultados pueden servir para el control de calidad de P. aduncum en Cuba.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Piper/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , CubaABSTRACT
Thechemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Chuquiraga arcuataHarling grown in the Ecuadorian Andes were studied. One hundred and twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.8%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (44.1%) had the major percentages. The most abundant compounds were camphor (21.6%), myrcene (19.5%), and 1,8-cineole (13.4%). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS,and FRAP assays. The essential oil had a moderate scavenging effect and reduction of ferric ion capacity through FRAP assay. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against four pathogenic bacteria and a fungus. The essential oil exhibited activity against all microorganism strains under test, particularly against Candida albicansand Staphylococcus aureuswith MICs of 2.43-12.10 µg/mL.
Se estudió la composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial procedente de las partes aérea (hojas y flores) de Chuquiraga arcuataHarling cultivadas en los Andes ecuatorianos. Se identificaron 126 compuestos en el aceite esencial. Los hidrocarburos monoterpénicos (45,8%) y los monoterpenos oxigenados (44,1%) tuvieron el mayor porcentaje. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron alcanfor (21,6%), mirceno (19,5%) y 1,8-cineol (13,4%). La actividadantioxidante se examinó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. El aceite esencial tuvo un efecto eliminador moderado y una reducción de la capacidad de iones férricos mediante el ensayo FRAP. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial contra cuatro bacterias y un hongo patógenos. El aceite esencial mostró actividad contra todas las cepas de microorganismos bajo prueba, particularmente contra Candida albicansy Staphylococcus aureuscon CMI de 2,43-12,10 µg/mL.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Asteraceae/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Bacteria/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Chromatography, Gas , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Monoterpenes/analysis , Ecuador , Hydrocarbons/analysis , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the repellent and insecticidal activity of four essential oils (EOs) from plants collected in the Chocó rain forest, Colombia, against T. castaneum . Conventional hydrodistillation was used to obtain the EOs. The repellent and insecticidal activities were evaluated by the preference area and gas dispersion methods, espectively. Statistical differences (p<0.05) were determined by applying a student's t-test. EOs of Siparuna guianensis, S. conica, Piper marginatum, and Nectandra acutifolia showed excellent repellent properties as the main findings, highlighting S. conicaEO with 84% repellency (1-hµL/cm2), while P. marginatum showed to be bioactive to the dose of 500 µL/mL (72 h), inducing mortality of 100% of the exposed population. In conclusion, the results evidenced the repellent properties of the EOs evaluated against T. castaneum , which allows us to conclude that these plant species are potential natural sources producing bio-repellents that contribute to the integrated control of T. castaneum.
Se evaluaron cuatro aceites esenciales (AEs) de plantas recolectadas en la selva pluvial del Chocó, Colombia, para determinar su actividad repelente e insecticida contra T. castaneum. Los AEs fueron obtenidos por hidrodestilación convencional. Las actividades repelentes e insecticidas se evaluaron por los métodos de área de preferencia y dispersión de gas, respectivamente. Las diferencias significativas (p<0,05) fueron determinadas aplicando una prueba t de student. Los AEs de Siparuna guianensis, S. conica, Piper marginatum y Nectandra acutifolia mostraron excelentes propiedades repelentes, destacando el AE de S. conicacon un 84% de repelencia (1µL/cm2), mientras que el AE de P. marginatummostró ser bioactivo a la dosis de 500 µL/mL (72 h) al inducir la mortalidad del 100% de la población expuesta. Se concluye que estas especies de plantas son fuentes naturales potencialmente viables para la producción de biorepelentes que contribuyan en el control integrado de T. castaneum.
Subject(s)
Tribolium/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Insecticides/pharmacology , Colombia , Insect Repellents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Myrtus communis L., commonly known as true myrtle, is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean area. Since ancient times, the inhabitant s of this area have been using it for its cultural and medicinal properties. Because of the vast diversity of biomolecules in its aerial parts, it exhibits several biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. This review retrospect the research on the source, biological activities with empirical evidence, chemical composition, applications, and cellular targets of extracts and essential oils obtained from M. communis leaves, which provides a perspective for further studies on the applications and formulations of extract and EO of M. communis leaves. The efficacy of constituents' individually, in association with other bioactive constituents, or in combination with available commercial drugs would provide insights in to the development of these bio - actives as future drugs and their evolving future potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and aroma industries.
Myrtus communis L., comúnmente conocido como arrayán verdadero, es una planta medicinal originaria de la zona mediterránea. Desde la antigüedad, los habitantes de esta zona lo utilizan por sus propiedades culturales y medicinales. Debido a la gran div ersidad de biomoléculas en sus partes aéreas, exhibe varias propiedades biológicas, incluidas propiedades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas y anticancerígenas. Esta revisión retrospectiva de la investigación sobre la fuente, las actividades biológicas con evi dencia empírica, la composición química, las aplicaciones y los objetivos celulares de los extractos y aceites esenciales obtenidos de las hojas de M. communis , lo que brinda una perspectiva para futuros estudios sobre las aplicaciones y formulaciones de l os extractos y EO de M. communis . La eficacia de los componentes individualmente, en asociación con otros componentes bioactivos o en combinación con medicamentos comerciales disponibles proporcionaría información sobre el desarrollo de estos bioactivos co mo medicamentos futuros y sus futuras aplicaciones potenciales en las industrias farmacéutica, alimentaria y aromática
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Myrtus communis , Myrtus/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to optimize by response surface design, the extraction of the leaf essential oil (EO) from Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb., grown in Ecuador, using steam distillation. The factors used were extraction time (XTIE) of 60, 105 and 150 min and plant material/water ratio (XRMA) of 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. The optimal combination was reached with XRMA 1:5 and XTIE 150 min, obtaining a process yield of 0.67%. The chemical composition of the EO analyzed by GC - MS was determined, where the main compounds were carvacryl acetate (44.01%), carvacrol (16.51%) and menthone (8.20%). The anti oxidant capacity of EO was evaluated using the FRAP and ABTS methodologies, with an IC 50 243.21 µmol Fe 2+ /g and 0.12 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of EO was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enterica , Escherich ia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .
El objetivo del estudio fue optimizar, mediante un diseño de superficie respuesta, la extracción d el aceite esencial (AE) de hojas de Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb. del Ecuador, mediante destilación por arrastre de vapor. Los factores fueron el tiempo de extracción (XTIE) de 60, 105 y 150 min, y relación de material vegetal/ agua destilada (XRMA) d e 1:3, 1:4 y 1:5. La combinación óptima se logró con XTIE 150 min y XRMA 1:5 para un rendimiento de 0,67%. Se determinó la composición química del AE por GC - MS donde los compuestos mayoritarios fueron acetato de carvacrilo (44,01%), carvacrol (16,51%) y me ntona (8,20%). Se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante del AE por las metodologías FRAP y ABTS, con CI 50 de 243,21 µmol Fe 2+ /g y 0,12 mg/mL, respectivamente. Además, se demostró la actividad antimicrobiana contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enterica , Es cherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus .
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Lamiaceae/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Bacteria/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Leaves , Ecuador , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Bovine mastitis is a disease wi th far - reaching consequences for the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that is especially resistant to antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils Lippia citriodora (Lam.), Thy mus vulgaris (L), and a mixture of the essential oils Lippia citriodora and Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v), against isolates of oxacillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=15) of positive cases of bovine mastitis. For the statistical analysis, the IBM SPSS s tatistical package was used. The mixture of essential oils ( Lippia citriodora and Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v)) obtained the most significant antimicrobial activity in relation to pure essential oils. It is therefore concluded that the mixture of these oils boosts their antimicrobial activity ( p <0.05). The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of this mixture for the total isolations was 12 µL/L and 25 µL/mL, respectively.
La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad de gran impacto para la industria lechera. El Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los principales patógenos, especialmente aquellos resistentes a los antibióticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora (Lam.), Thymus vulgaris (L), y una mezcla de aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora y Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v), frente a aislamientos clínicos de Staph ylococcus aureus oxacilino - resistentes (n=15) de mastitis bovina. Se utilizó p rograma estadístico IBM SPSS y se concluyó la diferencia significativa a un p <0.05. La mezcla de aceites esenciales ( Lippia citriodora y Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v)), obtuvo la m ayor actividad antimicrobiana en relación a los aceites esenciales puros, se concluye que la mezcla de estos aceites potencia su actividad antimicrobiana ( p <0.019). La concentración mínima inhibitoria y bactericida de esta mezcla fue del 12 µL/mL y 25 µL/m L, respectivamente, y puede ser una alternativa terapéutica.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Lippia/chemistry , Thymus Plant , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Colombia , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
Introduction Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors of the dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Essential oils have been used in research as alternatives to the synthetic insecticides traditionally used in programs to control these diseases. Methods: leaves of plants from the Caatinga biome were used to obtain essential oils which were used for larvicide essays against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae. Results: significant differences were observed in the LC50 values of C. zeylanicum, C. winterianus, E. citriodora, O. micranthum, and T. erecta essential oils in Ae. aegypti, while these differences were observed for A. conyzoides, C. winterianus, E. citriodora, and O. micranthum essential oils in Ae. albopictus, at the analyzed times. The LC50 for 24 h revealed a significant larvicidal effect for all tested samples, with emphasis on the effect of A. conyzoides and L. gracilis essential oils on Ae. aegypti, and the effect of A. conyzoides, C. zeylanicum, C. winterianus, L. gracilis, and O. micranthum essential oils on Ae. albopictus, all with an LC50 < 100 ppm. It was observed a predominance of terpenes as components in the essential oils, and, in some of them, representing the major constituent (citronellal: 47.71% in E. citriodora and 47.63% in C. winterianus; geraniol: 30.54% in C. winterianus; citronellol: 25.61% in E. citriodora; carvacrol: 55.13% in L. gracilis; and cyclohexen-1-one, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-: 69.94% in T. erecta). The other major compounds observed were precocene (chromene - 97.66% - A. conyzoides), and eugenol (phenylpropanoid - 96.28% and 73.21% - C. zeylanicum and O. micranthum, respectively). Conclusions: the findings of this study revealed the larvicidal potential of these essential oils on Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus control, representing an alternative source to the traditional chemical controls used against the populations of these vectors. Further studies on the effects on non-target organisms and the combined action of two or more essential oils evaluated under field conditions are essential for obtaining commercially efficient formulations of these extracts.
Introdução: os mosquitos do gênero Aedes são os principais vetores dos vírus da dengue, chikungunya e Zika. Os óleos essenciais têm sido usados em pesquisas como alternativas aos inseticidas sintéticos tradicionalmente usados em programas de controle dessas doenças. Métodos: folhas de plantas do bioma Caatinga foram utilizadas para obter óleos essenciais que foram usados em ensaios larvicida contra Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus. Resultados: diferenças significativas foram observadas nos valores de CL50 dos óleos essenciais de C. zeylanicum, C. winterianus, E. citriodora, O. micranthum e T. erecta em Ae. aegypti, ao passo que diferenças significativas foram observadas para os óleos essenciais de A. conyzoides, C. winterianus, E. citriodora e O. micranthum em Ae. albopictus, nos tempos analisados. Os valores de CL50 para 24 h revelaram um efeito larvicida significativo para todas as amostras testadas, com destaque para os óleos essenciais de A. conyzoides e L. gracilis sobre Ae. aegypti, e para os óleos essenciais de A. conyzoides, C. zeylanicum e L. gracilis sobre Ae. albopictus, todos com uma CL50 < 100 ppm. Observou-se a predominância de terpenos na composição química dos óleos analisados, alguns dos quais representando o constituinte majoritário (citronelal: 47,71% em E. citriodora e 47,63% em C. winterianus; geraniol: 30,54% em C. winterianus; citronelol: 25,61% em E. citriodora; carvacrol: 55,13% em L. gracilis, e cyclohexen-1-one, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-: 69,94% em T. erecta). Outros constituintes majoritários observados foram o precoceno (cromeno - 97,66% - A. conyzoides) e eugenol (fenilpropanoide 96,28% e 73,21% - C. zeylanicum e O. micranthum, respectivamente). Conclusões: os resultados desse estudo revelaram o potencial larvicida desses óleos essenciais no controle de Ae. aegypti e Ae. albopictus, representando uma fonte alternativa ao controle químico tradicionalmente usado contra as populações desses vetores.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile , Aedes , Benzopyrans , Oils , Dengue , Dengue Virus , Larvicides , Chikungunya Fever , LarvaABSTRACT
The chemical constituents and antimic robial activity of the essential oil isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia menghaiensis S.Q. Tong & Y.M. Xia in S.Q. Tong from Vietnam was studied and reported. The techniques of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to characterize the chemical constituents of the essential oil while the microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The main compounds identified in the rhizome essential oil consist of ß - pinene (46.5%), ß - phellandrene (25.7%) and α - pinene (8.5%). The studied essential oil inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value of 15.32 µg/mL ± 0. 01, and median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 32.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL. The essential oil also displayed activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC 31.57 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 (MIC, 34.21 µg/mL ± 0.01 µg/mL), and IC 50 va lue of 64.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL. This is the first report on the rhizome oil composition, as well as the antimicrobial of essential oils from A. menghaiensis . The paper discusses further the comparative analysis of essential oils from A. menghaiensis .
Se investigaron los componentes químicos y la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite escencial aislado de los rizomas de Alpinia menghaiensis S.Q. Ton g & Y. M. Xia en S.Q. Tong de Vietnam. Se usaron las técnicas de cromatografía de gases (GC) y cromatografía de gases con espectrometría de masas (GC/MS) para caracterizar los componentes químicos del aceite escencial, mientras que se utilizó un ensayo de microdilución para evaluar la actividad antimicrobial. Se identificaron los componentes principales en el aceite escencial del rizoma, compuesto de ß - pineno (46.5%), ß - fellandreno (25.7%) y α - pineno (8.5%). El aceite escencial estudiado inhibió el crecimie nto de Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 con concentraciones de actividad mínima inhibitoria (MIC) de 15.32 µg/mL ± 0.01, y una m ediana de concentración inhibitoria (IC 50 ) de 32.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL. El aceite escencial también mostró actividad contra Staphylococ cus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC 31.57 ± 0.01 µg/mL) y Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 (MIC, 34.21 µg/mL ± 0.01 µg/mL), y valor IC 50 de 64.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL. Este es el primer reporte sobre la composición del aceite de rizoma, así como de las propiedades antimicrobianas d e los aceites escenciales de A. menghaiensis . El artículo discute el análisis comparativo de los aceites escenciales de A. menghaiensis .
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Alpinia/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/analysis , Vietnam , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Monoterpenes/analysis , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Although numerous studies have demonstrated the biomedical potential of Myrtus communis L., (Myrtaceae) data on myrt le from Montenegro are scarce. T o evaluate antioxidant, antimutagenic and antibacterial activity of myrtle methanolic extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power and enzyme inhibition. The strongest scavenging activity was towards DPPH radical ( 2,2 - diphenyl - 1 - picry lhydrazyl) (IC 50 1.69 - 2.25 mg/mL) and superoxide anion (IC 50 0.56 to 0.88 mg/mL), followed by high reducing power (428 - 472 mgAA/g.DE) and inhibition of XOD (IC 50 0.308 - 0.6261mg/mL). Antimutagenic activity was evaluated in reverse mutation assays with Esche richia coli WP2 oxyR mutant IC202 and deficient in the induction of antioxidant enzymes. The myrtle extracts strongly inhibited mutagenesis induced by t - BOOH, reaching 70% at the highest concentration applied. Antimicrobial activity was examined on eight different bacterial strains. Gram - positive bacteria, S. epidermis , S. aureus and M. flavus demonstrated the highest sensitivity towards extracts (MICs 4.5 - 9 mg/mL), but significantly lower towards essential oil (MIC 0.42 - 3.32 mg/mL).
Aunque numerosos estudios han demostrado el potencial biomédico de Myrtus communis L., (Myrtaceae), los datos sobre el mirto de Montenegro son escasos. E valuar la actividad antioxidante, antimutagéni ca y antibacteriana de extractos metanólicos de mirto. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó midiendo la actividad de eliminación de radicales libres, el poder reductor y la inhibición enzimática. La actividad secuestrante más fuerte fue hacia DPPH radical ( IC 50 1.69 - 2.25 mg/mL) y radicales de anión superóxido (IC 50 0.56 a 0.88 mg/mL), seguido de alto poder reductor (428 - 472 m gAA/g.DE) e inhibición de XOD (I C 50 0,308 - 0,6261 mg/m L ). La actividad antimutagénica se evaluó en ensayos de mutación inversa con Esche richia coli WP2 oxyR mutante IC202 y deficiente en la inducción de enzimas antioxidantes. Los extractos de mirto inhibieron fuertemente la mutagénesis inducida por t - BOOH, alcanzando el 70% a la mayor concentración aplicada. La actividad antimicrobiana se examinó en octo cepas bacterianas diferentes. Las bacterias grampositivas, S. epidermis , S. aureus y M. flavus demostraron la sensibilidad más alta hacia los extractos (MIC 4.5 - 9 mg/mL), pero significativamente más baja hacia el aceite esencial (MIC 0.42 - 3 .32 mg/mL). Los resultados muestran la gran perspectiva nutrafarmacéutica de la especie montenegrina Myrtus communis .
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Myrtus/chemistry , Phenols/analysis , Bacteria/drug effects , Flavonoids/analysis , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Montenegro , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The essential oils of Lippia citriodora (Ort.) and Lippia origanoides (Kunth) have shown antimicrobial activity associated with mastitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate its ecotoxic effect with the Artemia salina bioassay and the prevention of mastitis through an in vivo test in cattle (n=20) with a product based on these oils using a conventional product as a control. Contact hypersensitivity, the effect on somatic cells, and residuality in mil k samples were evaluated. The results of the Artemia salina bioassay were 10.05 and 19.36 (µg/mL) respectively. No negative effects or contact hypersensitivity were observed, and no residual metabolites were found in post - test milk. The somatic cell count showed 75% effectiveness in the prevention of mastitis with essential oils compared to 62.5% with the conventional product. The evaluated formulation could be used in the prevention of bovine mastitis safely, further investigation is required.
Los aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora (Ort.) y Lippia origanoides (Kunth), han mostrado acti vidad antimicrobiana asociada a la mastitis. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar su efecto ecotóxico con el bioensayo Artemia salina y la prevención de mastitis mediante un ensayo in vivo en bovinos (n=20) con un producto a base de estos aceites utiliz ando como control un producto convencional. Se evaluó la hipersensibilidad de contacto, efecto en células somáticas y residualidad en muestra de leche. Los resultados del bioensayo de Artemia salina fueron 10,05 y 19,36 (µg/mL) respectivamente. No se obser varon efectos negativos, ni hipersensibilidad de contacto, y no se encontraron metabolitos residuales en leche posterior al ensayo. El conteo de células somáticas mostró efectividad en la prevención de mastitis del 75% con aceites esenciales frente al 62.5 % del producto convencional. La formulación evaluada podría ser utilizada en la prevención de la mastitis bovina de forma segura, se requiere profundizar en la investigación.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage , Lippia/chemistry , Mastitis, Bovine/prevention & control , Artemia , Terpenes/analysis , Biological Assay , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Hypersensitivity , Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Abstract This study evaluated the effect of the volatile oil of Alpinia zerumbet (VOAz) on caveolin-1 gene expression and muscular fibrosis. The rats were immobilized to induce fibrosis of the gastrocnemius muscle, and they were treated with VOAz. Collagen quality was assessed by histology and the expression of the caveolin-1 (CAV-1) gene was evaluated using qPCR. Histomorphological analysis indicated a significant reduction in the perimeter, width, and intensity of collagen in the treated groups, thus showing that the oil was effective in regulating the quality of collagen at the three concentrations. The results of expression levels suggested a decrease in the lesioned group and in two treatment groups (0.0115 µg/g and 0.009 µg/g). However, with the lowest concentration (0.0065 µg/g), no significant difference was observed, with levels similar to those found in healthy tissue. Therefore, the results showed that VOAz has the potential to be a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to aid in the treatment of muscular fibrosis.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito do óleo volátil de Alpinia zerumbet (OVAz) na expressão do gene da caveolina-1 e na fibrose muscular. Os ratos foram imobilizados para induzir a fibrose do músculo gastrocnêmio, e foram tratados com OVAz. A qualidade do colágeno foi avaliada com histologia e à expressão do gene caveolina-1 (CAV-1) foi avaliada usando qPCR. A análise histomorfológica indicou uma redução significativa no perímetro, largura e intensidade do colágeno nos grupos tratados. Os resultados dos níveis de expressão sugeriram diminuição nos grupos de lesão e em dois grupos de tratamento (0,0115 µg/g e 0,009 µg/g). No entanto, com a menor concentração (0,0065 µg/g), não foi observada diferença significativa, apresentando níveis semelhantes aos encontrados em tecido saudável. O uso do OVAz foi eficaz para reverter as alterações do colágeno causadas pela fibrose, e sua menor concentração apresentou uma possível tendência de aumento na expressão do CAV-1. Portanto, os resultados mostraram que o OVAz tem potencial para ser uma alternativa não invasiva e de baixo custo para auxiliar no tratamento da fibrose muscular.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Collagen/metabolism , Alpinia/chemistry , Caveolin 1/metabolism , Muscles/drug effects , Fibrosis , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Brazil , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Muscles/pathologyABSTRACT
Introducción: Existen datos controversiales y pocas revisiones acerca del efecto de los enjuagues herbales como complemento en la higiene bucal de pacientes con enfermedad periodontal. La reducción en costos y efectos secundarios de estos enjuagues, en comparación con los convencionales, los colocan en una posición prometedora para el cuidado de la salud. Objetivo: Comparar el efecto de los enjuagues bucales convencionales con los enjuagues herbales en la mejora de los siguientes parámetros periodontales: índice gingival, de placa, sangrado al sondaje, profundidad al sondaje y nivel de adherencia clínica en pacientes adultos con gingivitis o periodontitis. Métodos: Se realizó la revisión en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS y EBSCO, para identificar ensayos clínicos donde se comparen enjuagues bucales comerciales vs. herbales, publicados entre 2018 y 2022. Siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA, se utilizó el sistema PICO para determinar la pregunta clínica y una ecuación de búsqueda con criterios de elegibilidad. Resultados: De 485 estudios identificados inicialmente se analizaron 25 ensayos clínicos, de los cuales la mayoría se realizaron en la India (11) y en pacientes sin problemas sistémicos (23). Las muestras evaluadas fueron desde 19 hasta 318 sujetos, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 74 años. El menor tiempo de seguimiento fue de siete días y el mayor de 180 días. Con respecto a los enjuagues evaluados, 20 ensayos usaron clorhexidina y 18 enjuagues a base de plantas herbáceas. Así mismo, seis estudios reportaron efectos adversos y tres reportaron conflictos de interés. Conclusiones: Los aceites esenciales combinados con curcumina redujeron el índice de placa en mayor medida que el enjuague de clorhexidina, que es el estándar dorado. Así mismo, la mayoría de los enjuagues herbales estudiados tuvieron un efecto similar a este último para mejorar los parámetros periodontales(AU)
Introduction: There are controversial data and few reviews about the effect of herbal rinses as an adjunct in oral hygiene in patients with periodontal disease. The reduction in costs and side effects of these rinses, in comparison with conventional rinses, place them in a promising position for health care. Objective: To compare the effect of conventional mouthwashes with herbal rinses in the improvement of the following periodontal parameters: gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and level of clinical adherence in adult patients with gingivitis or periodontitis. Methods: A review was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS and EBSCO databases to identify clinical trials comparing commercial vs. herbal mouthrinses, published between 2018 and 2022. Following PRISMA recommendations, the PICO system was used to determine the clinical question and a search equation with eligibility criteria. Results: Out of 485 studies initially identified, 25 clinical trials were analyzed, of which the majority were conducted in India (11) and in patients without systemic problems (23). The samples evaluated ranged from 19 to 318 subjects, aged 18-74 years. The shortest follow-up time was seven days and the longest was 180 days. Regarding the rinses evaluated, 20 trials used chlorhexidine and 18 used herbal rinses. Also, six studies reported adverse effects and three reported conflicts of interest. Conclusions: Essential oils combined with curcumin reduced plaque index to a greater extent than the gold standard chlorhexidine rinse. Most of the herbal rinses studied had a similar effect to the latter in improving periodontal parameters(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Oral Hygiene , Periodontal Diseases , Oils, Volatile , Delivery of Health Care , Gingivitis , Mouthwashes , Reference Standards , Periodontal Index , Costs and Cost AnalysisABSTRACT
Introducción. Las personas con síndrome de carga del cuidador requieren una intervención sobre sus alteraciones físicas y emocionales; una alternativa terapéutica en neurorehabilitación son los aceites esenciales. Objetivo. Identificar el efecto de la terapia con aceites esenciales sobre la calidad de vida en un grupo de pacientes con síndrome de carga del cuidador a través de su percepción fenomenológica. Métodos. Estudio mixto con triangulación concurrente o DITRIAC. En lo cuantitativo, se realizó un estudio de diseño preexperimental con medición pre y post intervención con un solo grupo del grado de carga del cuidador por medio de la escala de Zarit y el cuestionario SF36 con el fin de conocer la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. En lo cualitativo, se llevó a cabo un estudio fenomenológico con recolección de información por medio de un diario de campo y una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados. En la fase cuantitativa se evidenció disminución de los síntomas de carga y mejoría en los niveles de calidad de vida con el uso de los aceites esenciales, mientras que en la fase cualitativa las narrativas refirieron mejor desempeño en sus roles asociado a una representación diferente del estado sintomatológico. Conclusión. Los aceites esenciales se perciben como una terapia de efecto positivo que modifica los síntomas psicoso-máticos y emocionales de los sujetos con carga del cuidador, lo cual impacta positivamente su calidad de vida. Existe un valor no reconocido de las narrativas del paciente en el conocimiento de los efectos de los tratamientos que se realizan, en especial en los procesos de enfermedad que alteran la mente.
Introduction. People with caregiver burden syndrome require intervention on their physical and emotional disturbances; essential oils are a therapeutic alternative in neurorehabilitation. Objective. To identify the effect of essential oil therapy on quality of life in a group of patients with caregiver burden syndrome through their phenomenological perception. Methods. Mixed study with concurrent triangulation or DITRIAC. In quantitative terms, a pre-experimental design study of the degree of caregiver burden was conducted in a single group, with pre- and post-intervention measurement using the Zarit scale and the SF36 questionnaire, in order to know the perception of health-related quality of life. In qualitative terms, a phenomenological study was carried out with information collection through a field diary and a semi-structured interview. Results. In the quantitative phase, a decrease in burden symptoms and improvement in the levels of quality of life was evident with the use of essential oils, while in the qualitative phase the narratives referred a better performance in their roles associated with a different representation of the symptomatological state.Conclusion. Essential oils are perceived as a therapy with a positive effect that modifies the psychosomatic and emotional symptoms of subjects with caregiver burden, which positively impacts their quality of life. There is an unrecognized value of patient narratives in knowing the effects of the treatments that are performed, especially in mind-altering disease processes.Keywords. Caregiver burden, volatile oils, perception, quality of life.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Oils, Volatile , Neurological Rehabilitation , Patients , Quality of Life , Therapeutics , Affective Symptoms , Caregiver BurdenABSTRACT
Introducción: El Perú es uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad en especies botánicas, algunas con propiedades medicinales conocidas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto antibacteriano del aceite esencial de las hojas de Eugenia stipitata McVaugh frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 y Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis ATCC 13076. Métodos: Estudio de tipo básico con enfoque cuantitativo y experimental. Las plantas provienen del distrito de Belén, ciudad de Iquitos, Departamento de Loreto. La técnica para la extracción del aceite esencial fue la de arrastre de vapor y la técnica microbiológica para determinar el efecto antimicrobiano la de Kirby Bauer. Se trabajaron las muestras en 4 concentraciones 100, 75, 50 y un 25 por ciento; un control negativo solo con dimetilsulfóxido, se utilizaron 5 repeticiones por cada muestra. Resultados: La muestra a concentración al 100 por ciento tuvo actividad antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus aureus. La actividad del ensayo frente a Escherichia coli demostró ser efectiva en todas las muestras, sin embargo, se observó que los halos de inhibición de mayor diámetro se manifestaron en las muestras al 100 por ciento y 75 por ciento. Además, se evidenció actividad antibacteriana a concentraciones del 100 por ciento, 75 por ciento y un 50 por ciento frente a Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis. Conclusiones: El aceite esencial de las hojas de Eugenia stipitata McVaugh presenta efecto antibacteriano frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis(AU)
Introduction: Peru is one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity in botanical species, some with known medicinal properties. Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of the essential oil of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh leaves against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis ATCC 13076. Methods: Basic study with a quantitative and experimental approach. Plants came from the district of Belén, city of Iquitos, Department of Loreto. The technique for the extraction of the essential oil was steam dragging and the microbiological technique to determine the antimicrobial effect was Kirby Bauer's technique. The samples were worked in 4 concentrations 100, 75, 50 and 25 percent and a negative control only with dimethyl sulfoxide, using 5 replicates for each sample. Results: The sample at 100 percent concentration had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of the assay against Escherichia coli proved to be effective in all the samples, however, it was observed that the inhibition halos of greater diameter were manifested in the samples at 100 percent and 75 percent. In addition, antibacterial activity was evidenced at concentrations of 100 percent, 75 percent and 50 percent against Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis. Conclusions: The essential oil of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh leaves has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Staphylococcus aureus/virology , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Salmonella enterica/virology , Escherichia coli/virology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Plants , Salmonella enteritidis/virology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , EugenicsABSTRACT
Introducción: El aprendizaje y la memoria afectan muchos de los comportamientos más cruciales de la vida, incluida la búsqueda de alimento, evitación de depredadores y la reproducción. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de Spirulina máxima y el aceite esencia Omega 3 sobre el aprendizaje y la memoria espacial en Rattus norvegicus var. Albinus. Material y Métodos: Se constituyeron siete grupos aleatorios, uno testigo y los otros experimentales, a quienes se les administró Spirulina máxima por vía oral a las dosis de 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg y 800 mg/kg, así también animales con omega-3 a 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg y 40 mg/kg de peso de la rata. Para la obtención de los resultados, se utilizó la piscina acuática de Morris, donde se recogieron los tiempos de aprendizaje (4 días) y de retención (1día). Resultados: Se evidenció que todos los grupos experimentales de Spirulina y omega-3 presentan una mejoría en el tiempo de aprendizaje o fase de adquisición en comparación con el grupo testigo. Además, se observaron mejores respuestas a la dosis de 800 mg/kg de Spirulina y 40 mg/kg de omega-3. Conclusiones: Los grupos de trabajo que recibieron Spirulina u omega-3 mostraron una mejoría en el tiempo de aprendizaje o fase de adquisición en comparación con el grupo testigo.
Introduction: Learning and memory affect many of life's most crucial behaviors, including foraging, predator avoidance, and reproduction. Objective: To determine the effect of Spirulina maxima and Omega 3 essential oil on learning and spatial memory in Rattus norvegicus var. Albinus. Material and Methods: Seven random groups were formed, one control and the others experimental, to whom Spirulina maxima was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, as well as animals with omega-3 at 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of rat weight. To obtain the results, the Morris aquatic pool was used, where the learning times (4 days) and retention times (1 day) were collected. Results: It was evidenced that all the experimental groups that were administered spirulina and omega-3 presented an improvement in the learning time or acquisition phase compared to the control group. In addition, better responses were observed at the 800 mg/kg dose of spirulina and 40 mg/kg of omega-3. Conclusions: The working groups that received spirulina or omega-3 showed an improvement in the learning time or acquisition phase compared to the control group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Control Groups , Spirulina , Oils, VolatileABSTRACT
The lack of effective conventional therapie s against dengue has created an interest in herbal preparations as alternative therapies. In the present study, in vitro effects of Cordia curassavica essential oil (EO) on both dengue virus replication and cytokine production were examined. Predictions of molecular interactions between EO compounds and virus and cell proteins were performed with AutoDock Vina. The EO inhibited replication of dengue virus serotypes at IC 50 < 30 µg/mL, and it reduced 87% TNF - α, 67% IL - 8 and 46% IFN - α in LPS - stimulated PBMCs. The main EO compounds were trans - ß - caryophyllene (21.4%), germacrene D (17.8%), α - copaene (16.5%), trans - ß - guaiene (8.2%), and α - pinene (6.0%). The first two compounds, δ - cadinene, α - muurolene, α - cubebene and ß - burbonene were coupled to proteins involved in the TLR - 4 cytokine effector pathway. 3,7 - Guaiadiene was coupled to the viral E and C proteins. This study demonstrates the potential of C. curassavica EO as a starting point for discovering novel therapeutic for dengue.
La falta de terapias eficaces para el dengue ha suscitado interés por preparados herbales como terapias alternativas. En el presente estudio se examinaron efectos in vitro del aceite e sencial (AE) de Cordia curassavica sobre la replicación del virus dengue y producción de citoquinas. Se realizaron predicciones de interacciones moleculares entre los compuestos del AE y proteínas virales y celulares con AutoDock Vina. El AE inhibió la rep licación de serotipos del virus a CI 50 < 30 µg/mL y redujo 87% TNF - α, 67% IL - 8 y 46% IFN - α en MNCP. Los principales compuestos del AE fueron trans - ß - cariofileno, germacreno D, α - copaeno, trans - ß - guaieno y α - pineno. Los dos primeros compuestos, el δ - cadineno, el α - muuroleno, el α - cubebeno y el ß - burboneno se acoplaron a proteínas implicadas en la vía efectora de citoquinas TLR - 4. El 3,7 - guaiadiene se acopló a las proteínas virales E y C. Este estudio demuestra el potencial del AE de C. curassavica como punto de partida para descubrir nuevas tera pias para el dengue.