Intervención educativa para mejorar la salud bucal de pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas parciales / Educational intervention to improve the patient's oral health with partial dentures

RESUMEN Fundamento: Las prótesis estomatológicas son una solución estética y funcional a la pérdida de los dientes y contribuyen a la calidad de vida de aquellos que la portan, pero el sistema estomatognático se expone a lesiones cuando no se cumplen las orientaciones para su uso, cuidado e higiene. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa educativo para mejorar la salud bucal en pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas parciales. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio preexperimento con medición antes y después de la intervención comunitaria sin grupo de control, en el período de septiembre 2019 a febrero del 2020. Se seleccionaron 50 pacientes mayores de 19 años portadores de prótesis estomatológica parcial, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Se utilizó la encuesta, la observación, el criterio de especialistas y el experimento como métodos del nivel empírico y estadístico-matemático para medir las variables: nivel de conocimiento, eficiencia del cepillado bucodental e higiene de las prótesis estomatológicas. Resultados: Al culminar la aplicación del programa educativo se observó un cambio de 6 % a un 52 % del nivel de conocimiento bueno sobre el uso y cuidado de las aparatologías protésica, en la eficiencia del cepillado de un 30 % a un 82 % y de un 8 % a un 68 % de buena higiene en las prótesis. Conclusiones: El programa educativo se evaluó de efectivo al obtener resultados satisfactorios en cuanto a la modificación de los conocimientos y prácticas sobre salud bucal en los pacientes portadores de prótesis estomatológicas.

ABSTRACT Background: Dentures are an esthetic and functional solution to tooth loss and contribute to life quality of those who wear them, but the stomatognathic system is exposed to lesions when guidelines for their use, care and hygiene are not followed. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educational program to improve oral health in patients with partial dentures. Methodology: A measurement pre-experiment study was conducted before and after community intervention without any control group, from September 2019 to February 2020. 50 patients over 19 years of age wearing partial denture who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Survey, observation, specialist criteria and experiment were used as empirical and statistical-mathematical methods to measure variables: knowledge level, oral brushing efficiency and dentures hygiene. Results: At the end of the application of the educational program, a change was observed from 6 % to 52 % in the good knowledge level on wear and care of prosthetic appliances, in brushing efficiency from 30 % to 82 % and from 8 % to 68 % in prostheses good hygiene. Conclusions: The educational program was assessed as effective in obtaining satisfactory results in terms of modification of oral health knowledge and practices in patients with dentures.

Does the level of knowledge of denture hygiene affect their maintenance? / ¿El nivel de conocimiento de higiene protésica afecta el mantenimiento de estas prótesis?

Introduction: The lack of knowledge about denture hygiene can negatively affect their maintenance. On the other hand, good oral hygiene can reduce the chances of plaque accumulation. Objetive: To determine if there is a relationship between knowledge of hygiene and denture maintenance. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was applied to 67 patients who wore partial and/or total removable prostheses daily to evaluate their knowledge of denture hygiene. For the evaluation of denture maintenance, clinical inspection of the removable prosthesis was carried out using the Vigild criterion to observe the amount of plaque that was adhered to it. Data were statistically processed with Spearman's correlation test to determine the relationship between hygiene knowledge and denture maintenance. Results: The patients presented a medium (37.3%) and low (56.7%) denture hygiene knowledge; and fair (68.7%) and poor (11.9%) maintenance of their prosthesis. There is a statistically significant relationship between hygiene knowledge and denture maintenance (p<0.001). Conclusion: There is little knowledge of denture hygiene. This level of knowledge has a statistically significant relationship with the maintenance of the prostheses.

Introducción: El desconocimiento sobre la higiene de prótesis, de los pacientes portadores de estas, puede afectar negativamente en el mantenimiento protésico, una correcta higiene puede disminuir las probabilidades de acúmulo de placa. Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre el conocimiento de higiene y el mantenimiento protésico. Material y Métodos: Para la evaluación del conocimiento en higiene protésica se aplicó un cuestionario a 67 pacientes que utilizaban diariamente prótesis removibles parciales y/o totales; y para la valoración del mantenimiento protésico se realizó la inspección clínica de la prótesis removible mediante el criterio de Vigild, observando la cantidad de placa que se encontraba adherida. Se procesaron los datos estadísticamente con la prueba de correlación de Spearman para determinar la relación entre el conocimiento de higiene y el mantenimiento protésico. Resultados: Los pacientes presentaron un conocimiento de higiene protésica medio (37,3%) y bajo (56,7%); y un mantenimiento de la prótesis de forma regular (68,7%) y malo (11,9%). Existiendo relación estadísticamente significativa entre el conocimiento de higiene y el mantenimiento protésico (p<0, 0 01). Conclusión: Existe un bajo conocimiento de higiene protésica, teniendo este nivel de conocimiento una relación estadísticamente significativa con el mantenimiento que evidenciaban las prótesis.

EVALUACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO, LA ACTITUD Y LA PRÁCTICA SOBRE LAS AYUDAS PARA LA HIGIENE BUCAL ENTRE HIGIENISTAS DENTALES EN EL OESTE DE MAHARASHTRA, INDIA / EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ABOUT ORAL HYGIENE AIDS AMONG DENTAL HYGIENISTS IN WESTERN MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

Introducción: El uso diario de ayudas para la higiene oral y la profilaxis oral anual o semestral por parte de los profesionales de la odontología (dentistas, higienistas dentales, asistentes dentales) son dos maneras efectivas de mantener una buena higiene oral. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo para evaluar el conocimiento, la actitud y la práctica sobre higiene bucal entre higienistas dentales que trabajan en el oeste de Maharashtra, India. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de cuestionario entre 52 higienistas dentales en activo de diferentes áreas del oeste de Maharashtra. Se diseñó un cuestionario estructurado, cerrado autoadministrado para recopilar los datos que constaba de dos partes y comprendía 31 preguntas. Se hizo un análisis estadístico utilizando estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: En este estudio, más del 50% de los participantes conocían la importancia del mantenimiento de la higiene bucal y los diferentes tipos de ayudas para la higiene bucal y correctos métodos de uso de esas ayudas para la higiene oral. Alrededor del 96% de los participantes pensaba que la técnica de cepillado adecuada es necesaria para mantener una buena higiene bucal. Conclusión: El conocimiento general, la actitud y la práctica de los participantes del estudio con respecto a las ayudas para la higiene bucal se observaron en un nivel promedio.

Introduction: Everyday use of oral hygiene aids and annual or biannual oral prophylaxis by dental professionals (Dentists, Dental hygienists, Dental assistants) are two effective ways of maintaining good oral hygiene. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about oral hygiene among working dental hygienists in Western Maharashtra, India. Materials and methods: A questionnaire study was conducted among 52 working dental hygienists from different areas of Western Maharashtra. The structured, self-administered, close-ended questionnaire was designed to collect the data which consist of two parts and comprised 31 questions. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results: In this study, more than 50% of participants were known the importance of oral hygiene maintenance and different types of oral hygiene aids and correct methods of using those oral hygiene aids. About 96% participants thought that proper brushing technique is necessary to maintain good oral hygiene. Conclusion: The study participant's overall knowledge, attitude and practise regarding oral hygiene aids were seen at average level.

Caries Experience and Knowledge About Oral Health Importance Among Children with Congenital Heart Diseases in Kosovo

Abstract Objective: To determine the dental health of children with Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) and to evaluate the parents' knowledge of the importance of oral health and the risk of Bacterial Endocarditis. Material and Methods: This research included 140 children divided into the study group (80 children with CHD) and the control group (60 healthy children). The children were from different parts of Kosova, aged between 3-15. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire containing demographic data (age and gender), general and special medical history (CHD types), knowledge about oral health importance and risk of bacterial endocarditis, and data about the daily oral hygiene child. The caries experience was reported using the DMFT/dmft index. Results: The average value of the dmft index was 6.7 for the study group and 5.62 for the control group, while the average value of DMFT index for the study group was 4.1, and for the control group was 3.47 (p>0.05). About 68.7% of parents of children with CHD were informed about their risk during dental interventions. However, knowledge was insufficient about the importance of oral health and dental prophylactic measures once only 32.7% of them were aware of those measures. Conclusion: No difference was observed between healthy and CHD children in caries experience and frequency of daily tooth brushing. Our findings provide evidence of a lack of knowledge about the importance of oral health and dental prophylactic measures among parents with CHD children (AU).

Índice de necesidad de tratamiento periodontal en embarazadas y no embarazadas que asisten a la maternidad provincial de Córdoba, Argentina / Periodontal index for treatment needs in pregnant and non-pregnant women attending the provincial maternity hospital in Córdoba, Argentina

Objetivo: Comparar la salud periodontal de embaraza- das y no embarazadas mediante la aplicación del Índice de Periodontal Comunitario (IPC). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio ob- servacional de corte transversal. Se reclutaron 100 mujeres embarazadas (EMB) y 50 no embarazadas (NoEMB) que concurrieron al Hospital Materno Provincial de la Ciudad de Córdoba, Dr. Raúl F. Lucini. En todas se registró el IPC con la sonda periodontal WHO 621 en los 6 sextantes de la boca. Los datos se analizaron con el software Infostat/SP; el nivel de significación establecido fue de P <0,05. Resultados: El 70% de las pacientes presentó edades de entre 18 y 25 años. En las EMB el código 3 del IPC fue el más frecuente presente en 240 sextantes (40,1%) y en las NoEMB el código 2 fue el más frecuente con 39 sextantes (43%). A ambos grupos de estudio les corresponde el trata- miento de instrucción de higiene bucal, instrumentación supra y/o subgingival, y/o regularización de obturaciones. Conclusiones: El código 3 fue el más frecuente entre las EMB, a quienes les corresponde un Código de tratamiento periodontal (CTP) 2; las NoEMB presentaron un IPC de 1 y 2 como los más frecuentes y se vinculan con un CTP 1 y 2. Nos encontramos frente a una situación clínica periodontal posible de resolver con terapia básica que puede ser realizada por odontólogos generalistas (AU)

Aim: To compare the periodontal health of pregnant and non-pregnant women by applying the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Materials and methods: In an observational, cross-sec- tional study, 100 pregnant women (PREG) and 50 non-preg- nant women (NonPREG) were recruited at the Dr. Raúl F. Lu- cini Provincial Maternity Hospital in Córdoba City. The CPI was determined in the 6 sextants of the mouth using a WHO 621 periodontal probe. The data were analyzed with Infostat SP software. P <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 70% of the patients were 18 to 25 years old. In the PREG group, CPI Code 3 was the most frequent, present in 240 sextants (40.1%), while in the non-PREG group, CPI Code 2 was the most frequent, with 39 sextants (43%). Treat- ment needs in both study groups are oral hygiene instruction, supra- and/or subgingival instrumentation, and/or correction of plaque retentive margins. Conclusions: Code 3 was the most frequent among preg- nant women, which corresponded to Periodontal Treatment Code (CTP) 2. CPI 1 and 2 were the most frequent in non-pregnant women, corresponding to CTP 1 and 2. This periodontal clinical condition can be treated with initial dental hygiene therapy, which can be performed by general dentists (AU)

Educação em saúde bucal em uma pré-escola: planejamento estratégico para o desenvolvimento de atividades lúdicas / Oral health education in pre-school: strategic planning for the development of ludic activities

Trata-se de um relato de experiência, que descreve, sob estratégia narrativo-argumentativa, as significâncias político-pedagógicas atreladas ao planejamento estratégico de ações de educação em saúde bucal vivenciadas em um ambiente escolar e experimentadas por acadêmicos estagiários de um curso de Odontologia. Após análise detalhada, algumas inferências se destacaram: o reconhecimento do ambiente escolar como território fértil para o desenvolvimento de ações promotoras de saúde; a efetividade do instrumento "TPC" (Teorizar-Praticar-Criticar) no direcionamento dos acadêmicos estagiários no planejamento estratégico de atividades de educação em saúde bucal; a importância de se disseminar, em espaços científicos, os aprendizados advindos de experimentações práticas de estágios.

This is a report on an experience that describes, under a narrative-argumentative strategy, the political-pedagogical significance linked to the strategic planning of oral health education actions experienced in a school environment and experienced by university trainees from a Dentistry course. After a detailed analysis, some inferences were observed: the recognition of the school environment as a fertile territory for the development of health-promoting actions; the effectiveness of the "TPC" (Theorize-Practice-Criticize) instrument in directing university trainees in the strategic planning of oral health education activities; the importance of disseminating, in scientific spaces, the learning from practical experimentation during internships.

Situación de salud bucal en un consultorio médico de la familia. Área Centro, Sancti Spíritus / Oral health situation in a family medical office. Central Area, Sancti Spíritus

RESUMEN Introducción: la situación de salud bucal de la población es factible de conocerse a partir del análisis de la situación de salud. Objetivo: caracterizar la situación de salud bucal de 30 familias pertenecientes a un consultorio médico. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia No. 3 del área Centro del municipio Sancti Spíritus, entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. El universo estuvo constituido por toda la población del consultorio (n = 937) y la muestra por 98 pacientes pertenecientes a 30 familias, seleccionados por un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, clasificación epidemiológica, factores de riesgo, enfermedades bucales y nivel de conocimientos. Se emplearon métodos empíricos y estadísticos. Resultados: existió predominio del sexo femenino (56,1 %) y del grupo de 20 a 59 años (48 %). Respecto a la clasificación epidemiológica, el 49 % de los pacientes eran sanos con riesgo y el 46,9 % enfermos. La higiene bucal deficiente se identificó en 52 % de la muestra estudiada. La enfermedad bucal de mayor prevalencia fue la caries dental (41,8 %) y el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucodental resultó ser regular (61,7 %) en la mayoría de la población. Conclusiones: el sexo femenino y el grupo etario de 20 a 59 años fueron los más representativos. Predominaron los pacientes sanos con riesgo, siendo la higiene bucal deficiente el factor más prevalente. La caries dental representó la enfermedad con mayor aparición y se evaluó de regular el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucodental (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: it is feasible to know the oral health situation of the population from the analysis of the health situation. Objective: to characterize the oral health situation of 30 families belonging to a medical office. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in the Family Medical Office No. 3 of the Central area of Sancti Spiritus municipality, from December 2019 to February 2020. The universe was formed by the entire office population (n = 937) and the sample by 98 patients from 30 families, chosen by simple random sampling. The variables that were studied were age, sex, epidemiological classification, risk factors, oral diseases and level of knowledge. Empirical and statistical methods were used. Results: female sex (56.1 %) and 20-59 years age-group (48 %) predominated. Regarding epidemiological classification, 49 % of patients were healthy at risk and 46.9 % were sick. Poor oral hygiene was identified in 52 % of the sample studied. The most prevalent oral disease was dental caries (41.8 %) and the level of knowledge about oral health proved to be regular (61.7 %) in most of the population. Conclusions: female sex and the 20-59 years age-group were the most representative. Healthy patients at risk predominated, being poor oral health the most prevalent factor. Tooth decay represented the most common disease and the level of knowledge about oral health was evaluated as regular (AU).

Systematization of oral hygiene in a pediatric patient: case report / Sistematización de la higiene oral en un paciente pediátrico: reporte de caso

Oral hygiene is an important step in the control of the biofilm, a factor related to diseases such as gingivitis and tooth decay. The systematization of oral hygiene in children is a set of measures that seeks to achieve sequential learning, thus guaranteeing a better elimination of the biofilm. Objetive: To show a sequence of systematized steps in oral hygiene in a pediatric patient with a definitely positive behavior. Case Report: Six year old female patient, without relevant medical history. On clinical intraoral examination presented biofilm accumulation and swollen gums. The presumptive diagnosis was marginal gingivitis associated with biofilm, the treatment included a preventive phase with motivation and education. The control of the disease evolution was carried out with a card of Systematization Technique of Oral Hygiene, the methodology included the recording of the educational sessions using videos and photographs. Results: the adequate use of the amount of toothpaste was achieved, the integrity was improved to 100%, the brushing time increased from 24 to 120 seconds and it was possible to add tongue brushing and not rinsing after brushing within the oral hygiene routine. Conclusion: The patient was able to clean all dental surfaces, using homogeneous times for each surface, following an orderly sequence in toothbrushing, as well as to acquire knowledge regarding the amount of toothpaste to use, tongue brushing and not rinsing after toothbrushing. The systematization of oral hygiene allowed us to achieve these achievements in six sessions.

La higiene oral es un paso importante para el control de la biopelícula, la cual es un factor relacionado con enfermedades como gingivitis y caries dental. La sistematización de la higiene oral en niños es un conjunto de medidas que buscan lograr un aprendizaje secuencial, garantizando así una mejor eliminación del biofilm. Objetivo: Mostrar una secuencia de pasos sistematizados en la higiene oral en un paciente pediátrico con comportamiento definitivamente positivo. Reporte de un Caso: Paciente femenino de 6 años, sin antecedentes médicos relevantes. Al examen clínico intraoral presentó acumulación de biofilm y encías inflamadas. El diagnóstico presuntivo fue gingivitis marginal asociada a biofilm, el tratamiento incluyó una fase preventiva con motivación y educación. El control de la evolución se realizó con una ficha sobre la Técnica de Sistematización de Higiene oral, la metodología incluye el registro de las sesiones educativas usando vídeos y fotografías. Resultados: se logró el uso adecuado de la cantidad de dentífrico, se mejoró la integridad al 100%, el tiempo de cepillado pasó de 24 a 120 segundos y se consiguió integrar el cepillado de la lengua y el no enjuague post cepillado dentro de su higiene oral. Conclusión: La paciente consiguió realizar la limpieza de todas las superficies dentales, tiempos homogéneos para cada superficie, una secuencia ordenada en su cepillado dental, así como adquirir conocimientos en la cantidad de dentífrico utilizado, el cepillado de la lengua y el no enjuagarse después del cepillado dental. La sistematización de la higiene oral permitió conseguir estos logros en 6 sesiones.

Mothers of a Child with Cerebral Palsy: Perception on the Diagnosis Moment and the Child's General and Oral Health

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the perception of mothers of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) on the diagnosis moment and the child's health. Material and Methods: Research with a qualitative approach, carried out with 19 mothers of children with CP, in a public higher education institution, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. For data collection, the interview was used and for data interpretation, content analysis. Results: Mothers reported that the diagnosis of a child with CP resulted in major changes in the family's daily life, increasing their responsibility and demands. After the diagnosis, mothers revealed oscillating feelings, with progressively replaced by her motherly ability to take care, reestablishing the psychic balance. The health associated with the absence of disease and curative practices was frequently observed. Mothers reported a great concern with oral hygiene habits and frequent visits to the dentist. Conclusion: The diagnosis of a child with CP led to changes in the family's priorities and routine. After the moment of anguish, uncertainty and fear, the mothers accepted the reality. The biomedical principle significantly influenced the mother´s perception of health, being health perceived as the absence of disease and curative practices. In relation to oral health, practices widely spread and recommended by the media and health services, such as correct tooth brushing, showed an orientation of patients to maintain oral health.

Assessment on Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour and its Association with Sociodemographic and Habitual Factors of South Indian Population

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, behaviour, and its association with sociodemographic and habitual factors among South Indian Population. Material and Methods: A total of 288 adults living in a residential community situated in Chennai were selected by systematic random sampling method participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out using a validated questionnaire. Results: About 97.9% of the participants in our study had good knowledge, 33.3% had a positive attitude and 48.2% had adequate oral health behaviour. Sociodemographic and habitual factors like diet (p=0.006), education (p=0.009), and employment (p=0.003) were significantly associated with knowledge. On the other hand, diet (p=0.012) was the only factor significantly associated with attitude. Ownership of house (p= 0.030) was significantly associated with behaviour and no factor was associated with all three KAB profiles. Absence of correlation were identified between Knowledge-Attitude (r=0.11, p=0.23), Knowledge-Behaviour (r= -0.037, p= 0.68) and Attitude-Behaviour (r =0.01, p=0.94). Conclusion: It has been found a massive number of participants possessed a high knowledge level towards oral health. On the other hand, less than half of the participants had a positive attitude and adequate behaviour towards oral health. No positive linear correlation was seen among knowledge, attitude, and behaviour towards oral health.

Potential Effectiveness of Poly-Vitamins and Probiotics among Preschool Children Living within Iodine Deficiency Territory to Caries Prevention

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the potential effect of poly-vitamins and probiotics use among preschool children permanently living within iodine deficiency territory on caries prevention. Material and Methods: 80 children aged 2-3 years old were randomly distributed among the study group (21 male and 19 females) and control group (20 males and 20 females). Oral fluid samples were formed from each study subject during primary examination and after 1 year of monitoring, which further were analyzed by parameters associated with mineralization potential of oral fluid. Both groups were provided with oral hygiene educational training, while the study group was also prescribed with poly-vitamin-mineral drug complex and probiotics. Results: After 1 year of monitoring, no significant changes considering caries prevalence (p>0.05) or intensity (p>0.05) values were registered among study and control groups. Difference of free calcium level, phosphate ion level and alkaline phosphatase activity was statistically approved (p<0.05) while comparing between study and control group after 12 months of monitoring. Conclusion: Caries preventive approach consisted of oral hygiene educational training and course of properly prescribed poly-vitamins and probiotics intake demonstrates positive results related to the changes within mineralization potential of oral fluid among preschool children with long-term residence over geographically associated iodine-deficient territory.

Índice de higiene oral simplificado en escolares de 6 años de edad, Ecuador, 2016 / Simplified oral hygiene index in schoolchildren of 6 years of age, Ecuador, 2016

Resumen Introducción: La salud bucal tiene una relación dinámica con la salud general y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo del estudio realizado fue determinar el índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado en niños de 6 años de edad de la parroquia Chiquintad del cantón Cuenca, en el año 2016. Métodos: Se manejó una muestra de 51 escolares de ambos sexos, se utilizó el Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado de Greene y Vermillion aplicado en dentición decidua que consta de un índice de placa blanda y el índice de placa calcificada. Conclusiones: La media de IHO-S en la parroquia Chiquintad fue 0,458 sin presentar una diferencia significativa entre los sexos. El nivel de higiene oral fue bueno en ambos sexos (90%), no se presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos (valor p 0,389).

Abstract Introduction: Oral health has a dynamic relationship with the general health and quality of life of patients. Objective: of the study was to determine the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index in 6-year-old children of the Chiquintad of the Cantón Cuenca, in the year 2016. Methods: A sample of 51 schoolchildren of both sexes was used, the Hygiene Index was used Simplified oral of Greene and Vermillion applied in deciduous dentition consisting of a soft plaque index and calcified plaque index. Conclusions: The mean of IHO-S in the Chiquintad parish was 0.458 without presenting a significant difference between the sexes. The level of oral hygiene was good in both sexes (90%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two (p value 0.389).

Efecto de una Intervención Educativa vía WhatsApp en la Higiene Oral de Pacientes con Ortodoncia / Effect of an Educational Intervention via WhatsApp on the Oral Hygiene of Orthodontic Patients

RESUMEN: La higiene oral en pacientes con ortodoncia fija se encuentra comprometida y las nuevas tecnologías de información podrían convertirse en una herramienta valiosa de educación en salud oral. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de una intervención educativa vía whatsapp en la higiene oral de pacientes con aparatología de ortodoncia fija. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 46 pacientes (18.65 ± 3.21 años de edad) que iniciaron tratamiento de ortodoncia fija. Se realizó el índice de placa de O´Leary y se aplicó un cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimiento en higiene oral. Los participantes se dividieron en un grupo experimental y control, mediante asignación aleatoria. Al grupo experimental se le envió una intervención educativa elaborada mediante la herramienta Play Ground Versión 2.0, vía la aplicación para mensajería instantánea WhatsApp Messenger Versión 2.19.153 y al grupo control se brindó las instrucciones de rutina sobre higiene oral. Después de 6 semanas, se evaluó el índice y cuestionario. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el Coeficiente de Correlación de Concordancia, la prueba de Shapiro Wilk y la prueba T de Student para muestras relacionadas e independientes. Los pacientes del grupo experimental tuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el control de placa (p = 0.001) y nivel de conocimiento después de la intervención educativa (p = 0.016), a comparación del grupo control. La intervención educativa vía WhatsApp tuvo un efecto positivo en la higiene oral, con respecto al control de placa y al nivel de conocimientos de pacientes con ortodoncia fija.

ABSTRACT: Oral hygiene in patients with fixed orthodontics is compromised and new information technologies could become a valuable tool for oral health education. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention via WhatsApp on the oral hygiene of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. The study sample consisted of 46 patients (18.65 ± 3.21 years old) who started fixed orthodontic treatment. The O'Leary plaque index was performed and a questionnaire was applied to measure the level of knowledge in oral hygiene. Participants were divided into an experimental and control group, by randomization. The experimental group was sent an educational intervention prepared using the Play Ground Version 2.0 tool, via the WhatsApp Messenger versión 2.19.153 instant messaging application, and the control group was given routine instructions on oral hygiene. After 6 weeks, the index and questionnaire were evaluated. For data analysis, the concordance correlation coefficient, the Shapiro Wilk test and the Student's T test for related and independent samples were used. The patients in the experimental group had statistically significant differences in plaque control (p = 0.001) and level of knowledge after the educational intervention (p = 0.016), compared to the control group. The educational intervention via WhatsApp had a positive effect on oral hygiene, with respect to plaque control and the level of knowledge of patients with fixed orthodontics.

Does Oral Hygiene Influence Salivary pH, Lactate, and IL-1β of Basketball Players During Intense Exercise? / La Higiene Oral Influye en el pH Salival, el Lactato y la IL-1β de los Jugadores de Baloncesto Durante el Ejercicio Intenso?

ABSTRACT: This study examined the salivary pH, salivary lactate, and salivary IL-1 β responses from a high-intensity intermittent running test, and the influence of hygiene oral status on these biomarkers in elite adolescent basketball players. Forty-six adolescent players participated. Saliva sampling was taken before and 3 min after a high-intensity exercise (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1; Yo-Yo IR1). In order to quantify and classify the oral hygiene level, the athletes were submitted to a dental examination, and an adapted Simplified Oral Hygiene Index was applied. After the dental examination, the whole group was divided into good oral hygiene group (GHG) and poor oral hygiene group (PHG). The results of a two- way analysis of variance showed a significant interaction effect (P = 0.0003), group effect (P < 0.0001), and time effect (pre to post Yo-yo IR1; P < 0.0001) for salivary pH and for salivary lactate (interaction effect, P = 0.008; group effect, P < 0.000 1; time effect, P < 0.0001) with a lower salivary pH and a higher salivary lactate at pre and post-Yo-Yo IR1 for PHG, but no difference was observed for IL-1β. The data demonstrated that the high-intensity exercise led to a significant change in salivary pH and salivary lactate concentration of the basketball players, and that the oral hygiene status influenced these responses, with a greater change for those players showing a poor oral hygiene.

RESUMEN: Este estudio examinó las respuestas de pH salival, lactato salival e IL-1β salival de una prueba de carrera intermitente de alta intensidad, y la influencia del estado de higiene oral en los biomarcadores en jugadores adolescentes de baloncesto de élite. En el análisis participaron 46 jugadores adolescentes. Se tomó una muestra de saliva antes y 3 minutos después de un ejercicio de alta intensidad (Prueba de recuperación intermitente Yo-Yo Nivel 1; Yo-Yo IR1). Para cuantificar y clasificar el nivel de higiene oral, los atletas fueron sometidos a un examen dental y se aplicó un índice adaptado de higiene oral simplificado. Después del examen dental, el grupo se dividió en un grupo de buena higiene oral (GHG) y un grupo de mala higiene oral (PHG). Los resultados de un análisis de varianza mostraron un efecto de interacción significativo (P = 0.0003), efecto de grupo (P<0.0001) y efecto de tiempo (antes y después de Yo-yo IR1; P <0.0001) para el pH salival y para lactato salival (efecto de interacción, P = 0.008; efecto de grupo, P <0.0001; efecto de tiempo, P <0.0001) con pH salival más bajo y lactato salival más alto en IR1 pre y post YoY para PHG, pero no se observó una diferencia para IL-1β. Los datos demostraron que el ejercicio de alta intensidad genera un cambio significativo en el pH salival y el lactato de los jugadores de baloncesto, y que el estado de higiene oral influyó en estas respuestas, con un cambio mayor para aquellos jugadores que mostraron una mala higiene oral.

Conocimientos sobre Salud bucal del adulto mayor. Consultorio 10. Policlínico "Dr. Tomas Romay" 2017-2018 / Knowledge about oral health of the elderly. Family Physician's Office 10. Tomas Romay Polyclinic 2017 - 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la salud bucal juega un papel importante para mantener la calidad de vida en la tercera edad. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de los adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal. Se estudió un universo constituido por 209 adultos mayores. Pertenecientes al Consultorio 10 del Policlínico "Tomas Romay", durante el año 2017 al 2018. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante una encuesta. Resultados: el 41,6 % fueron evaluados de mal, seguidos de los de regular. El 41,1 % fueron de 60 a 69 años, el 39,2 % pertenecían al sexo masculino y el 60,8 % al femenino. El 46,8 % tienen un nivel medio de escolaridad. Resultaron jubilados el 51,4 % de los evaluados de regular. Las familias extensas representaron el 45,5 % y el 67,9 % eran disfuncionales. Conclusiones: prevalecieron los adultos mayores evaluados de mal, las féminas y las edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 69 años. Sobresalieron los adultos con nivel medio de escolaridad. En los evaluados de regular predominaron los jubilados. Imperaron las familias extensas y disfuncionales (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral health plays an important role to keep life quality in elder people. Objective: to determine the knowledge level of elder people on oral health. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out. The authors studied a universe of 209 elder people belonging to Family Physician's Office 10 of the "Tomas Romay" Polyclinic during the period 2017 - 2019. Data were collected in an inquiry. Results: 41.6 % got bad qualifications, followed by fair. 41.1. % of patients was in the 60-69 age group, 39.2 % were male and 60.8 % ere female. 46.8 % has a high school scholarship. 51.4 % of those who got fair qualification were retired. Extensive families represented 45.5 % and 67.9 % of them were dysfunctional. Conclusions: elder people with bad qualifications, women, and the 60-69-age-group prevailed. Elders with high school scholarship stood out. Among those who got fair qualification predominated retired people. Extensive, dysfunctional families were the most commonly found (AU).

Relación entre Estado Nutricional e ingesta dietética con pérdida de dientes en pacientes con hipertensión en Padongko Health Centro de la regencia de Barru / Relationship between Nutritional Status and Dietary Intake with Tooth Loss on Hypertension Patients at Padongko Health Center of Barru Regency

Objective: The biggest problems of oral and dental health in Indonesia are the ignorance on the dental and oral hygiene leading to tooth loss, so can highly affect the nutritional status and dietary intake. To discover the relationship between the tooth loss and the hypertension case at Padongko health center of Barru regency. Methods: The research is analytic observation using cross-sectional method. The population of the research is the respondents suffering from the hypertension and tooth loss to determine their nutritional status and dietary intake. The population was the patients with primary hypertension, a purposive sampling technique was applied through path analysis test. Results: Based on the path analysis results, the relationship between nutritional status and hypertension revealed p value=0,562>α=0,05; dietary intake and hypertension showed p value=0,377>α=0,05; therefore, the Ha obtained indicated the existing relationship but not significant. The relationship between nutritional status and tooth loss obtained p value=0,065>α=0,05; dietary intake and tooth loss obtained p value=0,499, in which the Ha obtained had a relationship but not significant. Meanwhile, the relationship between hypertension and tooth loss was indicated by p value=0,001<α=0,05 showing a significant relationship. Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and dietary intake with tooth loss on hypertension patients, but insignificantly shown

Intervención educativa para la percepción del riesgo a la caries dental en estudiantes de 7.mo grado. Sancti Spíritus / Educative intervention related to dental caries risk perception in 7th grade students. Sancti Spíritus

RESUMEN Fundamento: Los escasos conocimientos y la baja percepción de riesgo de los estudiantes son causas de que la caries dental constituya un problema de salud bucal. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa sobre percepción del riesgo a la caries dental en estudiantes de 7.mo grado. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, con diseño de antes y después en el período de septiembre 2018 a febrero del 2019, la población estuvo constituida por 196, no fue necesario aplicar técnica de muestreo, pues las características de extensión y ubicación de la población, posibilitaron la interacción del investigador con todos los sujetos. Las variables utilizadas: conocimiento sobre prevención de caries dental, percepción de riesgo e higiene bucal, los métodos: del nivel teórico, empírico (encuesta) y de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Los conocimientos antes de la intervención eran insuficientes en el 40.8 %, el 78 % no tenía percepción del riesgo y el 40.8 % mala higiene bucal. Después el 74 % tenía conocimientos suficientes, el 89.8 % percepción de riesgo y 79.1 % buena higiene bucal. Conclusiones: La intervención fue efectiva porque logró elevar el nivel de conocimientos y la percepción de riesgo, en los estudiantes, así como una buena higiene bucal.

ABSTRACT Background: The poor knowledge and the low risk perception of the students are causes for dental caries constitute an oral health problem. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on dental caries risk perception in 7th grade students. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was carried out, with a previous and further design from September 2018 to February 2019, the population consisted of 196, it was not necessary to apply a sampling technique, since the characteristics of extension and location of the population, made possible the interaction of the researcher with all the subjects. The variables used: knowledge about dental caries prevention, risk perception and oral hygiene, the methods: theoretical, empirical (survey) and descriptive statistics. Results: The knowledge before the intervention was insufficient in 40.8 %, 78 % had no risk perception and 40.8 % poor oral hygiene. After the intervention 74 % had sufficient knowledge, 89.8 % risk perception and 79.1 % good oral hygiene. Conclusions: The intervention was effective because it managed to raise the level of knowledge and risk perception in students, as well as good oral hygiene.

Oral Health Access and Early Caries in Childhood in a Primary Care Service in Southern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of early childhood caries and its association with Child's Programmatic Action dental visits in a Primary Care Service. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Health Centers of the Grupo HospitalarConceição Community Health Service in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Mothers answered a questionnaire containing socioeconomic data, eating habits and oral care of their children. Caries examination was performed by two examiners calibrated using WHO criteria. Results: Eighty-one children with mean age of 58.8 (SD=4.8) months were evaluated, 58% were male. Caries prevalence was 43%, with mean dmft = 1.7 and mean dmfs = 3.09. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant association of caries with maternal schooling (PR=1.31, 95%CI=1.06-1.62, p=0.012), family income (PR=0.93, 95% CI=0.90-0.97, p<0.001), adequacy of the number of childcare visits (PR=0.68, 95%CI=0.54-0.86, p=0.001) and number of visits to the dentist (PR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.06, p=0.001). Conclusion: Ensuring access to childcare and early dental consultation, while the family context is disregarded, does not seem to be enough to reduce caries. It is necessary to think of non-conventional oral health promotion strategies in Primary Health Care taking into account the territory and social determinants since changes to eating and oral hygiene habits and behaviors are still a challenge to the control of childhood caries.

Mothers Knowledge and Behaviour Towards Oral Health During Pregnancy

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and behaviour of mothers in maintaining their oral health during pregnancy. Material and Methods: This study included 167 women in five community primary health centres in Central Jakarta whose last child ranged between 0-59 months. The participants were asked to fill the questionnaire "Knowledge and Behaviour Towards Oral Health during Pregnancy" (KBOHP). This questionnaire assessed the knowledge and behaviour in maintaining oral health during pregnancy. Results: Almost 80% of participants reported that they had government dental health coverage. Only about 16% of participants reported that they visit dentist before pregnancy and only about 32% of the participants reported to have oral health problems during pregnancy. Although they have oral health problems, only 18% of them visited the dentists during pregnancy. Only 33% of the participants knew that the periodontal problems can affect pregnancy outcome, and 54.5% of participants had never heard of a possible connection between oral health and pregnancy. About 74% of participants reported that they never had specific oral health care instruction during pregnancy. Participants who received oral health instruction from their health providers also tend to have dental visit during pregnancy. Conclusion: Knowledge and behaviour towards oral health during pregnancy in this population was still low. A program that is developed to improve knowledge and behaviour in maintaining oral health during pregnancy is needed.

Association Between Periodontal Health Knowledge and Oral Hygiene in Brazilian Adolescents

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the influence of oral health knowledge in adolescents' oral hygiene pattern. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 291 participants aged between 14 and 19 years old enrolled in a public school in Curitiba, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire containing five affirmations about periodontal diseases and their forms of prevention was arranged on a three-point Likert scale. Correct answers were given a weight=1 and incorrect ones, weight=0. The knowledge score (KS) was determined by the sum. Socioeconomic and demographic data were obtained by a questionnaire sent to those responsible. The oral hygiene pattern was evaluated through the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) by a calibrated researcher (K=0.89). Mann-Whitney U test and univariate and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance were used for data analysis (α=0.05). Results: There was an inversely proportional association between KS and OHI-S (p=0.018). The multiple model showed that adolescents with a lower KS (PR = 0.93, CI95%: 0.88-0.99), male gender (PR = 1.17, CI95%: 1.01-1.37) and whose caregivers presented a lower level of education (PR=1.30, CI95%: 1.03-1.64) showed a higher index of dental plaque. Conclusion: The level of oral health knowledge, the gender and the caregivers' level of education influences the adolescents' oral hygiene pattern.