ABSTRACT
Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, se incrementaron las preocupaciones, la ansiedad y el miedo, especialmente al brindar atención estomatológica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la percepción del miedo al COVID-19 en estomatólogos generales y especialistas durante la pandemia. Se diseñó un estudio observacional, analítico, unicéntrico y homodémico. Se incluyeron estomatólogos generales y especialistas de cualquier sexo de diversas disciplinas estomatológicas como ortodoncia, endodoncia, cirugía maxilofacial, etc. La muestra estuvo constituida por 72 estomatólogos, 42 de práctica general (58,3 %) y 32 especialistas (41,6 %). Los datos se recolectaron durante marzo a septiembre del 2021. Participaron 72 estomatólogos (M= 39 años, D.E. 10,82). El 69,4 % de la muestra (n =50) fueron mujeres. De acuerdo con el análisis de medias de la escala total, se encontró que los hombres se perciben ligeramente con más miedo al Covid-19 (M=3,09) que las mujeres durante su práctica estomatológica (M=2,78) sin diferencias significativas. La edad impactó en las respuestas, ya que los mayores de 40 años percibieron más miedo M= 3.23 (IC 95%: 2,65-3,81) que el grupo de 20 a 40 años M=2,73 (IC 95%: 2,37-3,09). Los especialistas, también percibieron mayor miedo al COVID-19 contrastados con los estomatólogos de práctica general (M=2,63) vs (M=3,06). Los resultados denotaron que el 36,1 % de los estomatólogos tuvieron miedo al COVID-19. La investigación anterior mostró resultados similares al estudio de Monterrosa-Castro et al. (2020) en médicos generales colombianos en el que el 37,1 % presentó síntomas de miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S). El contexto de pandemia, además de la incertidumbre del comportamiento del COVID-19 y la falta de vacunación masiva al momento de levantar los datos, jugaron un papel muy importante en la percepción del miedo al COVID-19. Los especialistas observaron mayor miedo al COVID-19 al igual que el grupo de mayor edad.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, worries, anxiety and fear increased, especially when providing dental care. The objective of this research was to analyze the perception of fear of COVID-19 in general dentists and specialists during the pandemic. An observational, analytical, single center and homodemic study was designed. General stomatologists and specialists of any sex from various dental disciplines such as orthodontics, endodontics, maxillofacial surgery, etc., were included. The sample consisted of 72 dentists, 42 general practice (58.3 %) and 32 specialists (41.6 %). Data was collected from March to September 2021. 72 dentists participated (M= 39 years, S.D. 10.82). 69.4 % of the sample (n = 50) were women. According to the analysis of means of the total scale, it was found that men perceive themselves to be slightly more afraid of Covid-19 (M=3.09) than women during their dental practice (M=2.78) without significant differences. Age had an impact on the responses, since those over 40 years of age perceived more fear M= 3.23 (95% CI: 2.65-3.81) than the group from 20 to 40 years M=2.73 (95% CI: 2.37- 3.09). Specialists also perceived greater fear of COVID-19 compared to general practice dentists (M=2.63) vs (M=3.06). The results denoted that 36.1 % of the dentists were afraid of COVID-19. Previous research showed similar results to the study by Monterrosa-Castro et al. (2020) in Colombian general practitioners in which 37.1 % presented symptoms of fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S). The pandemic context, in addition to the uncertainty of the behavior of COVID-19 and the lack of mass vaccination at the time of collecting the data, played a very important role in the perception of fear of COVID-19. The specialists observed greater fear of COVID-19 as well as the older group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Dental Care , Oral Medicine , COVID-19/psychology , Perception , Surveys and Questionnaires , Fear/psychologyABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Al elaborar una metodología resulta importante obtener los criterios de expertos antes de su aplicación. En un periodo precedente a esta investigación se elaboró una metodología con etapas y procedimientos para el desarrollo de software educativo. Objetivo: Valorar la pertinencia de la metodología para la integración de software educativo en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las asignaturas Rehabilitación I y II de Estomatología. Método: Se realizó una investigación pedagógica en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín. Para valorar la pertinencia de la metodología se aplicó el método Delphi, a partir del cual, mediante una encuesta aplicada a 17 expertos seleccionados por su alto coeficiente de competencia en la temática, se pudo llegar a un consenso sobre el tema explorado. Resultados: La aplicación del cuestionario reveló que la mayoría de los expertos consideró cada indicador de la dimensión validez como muy adecuado, solo uno evaluó el indicador etapas de la metodología como adecuado y los procedimientos de la etapa dos como bastante adecuados. Para la dimensión viabilidad casi la totalidad consideró muy adecuados los indicadores factibilidad de aplicación y posibilidad de generalización; esta última fue evaluada por un experto como adecuada. Al comparar los resultados de los siete indicadores con los puntos de corte se aprecia que los expertos en su conjunto los definen como muy adecuados. Conclusiones: La pertinencia de la metodología se constató con el criterio consensuado de los expertos, quienes consideraron muy adecuados los aspectos valorados, y realizaron aportes que permitieron perfeccionarla antes de su implementación. Sobre estas bases no fue necesaria una segunda etapa de aplicación del método.
ABSTRACT Introduction: When developing a methodology, it is important to obtain the criteria of experts before its application. In a period preceding this research, a methodology with stages and procedures was defined for the development of educational software. Objective: To assess the relevance of the methodology for the integration of educational software in the teaching-learning process of the subjects Rehabilitation I and II of Stomatology. Method: A pedagogical research was carried out at the University Of Medical Sciences Of Holguín. To assess the relevance of the methodology, the Delphi method was applied, from which, through a survey applied to 17 experts selected for their high coefficient of competence in the subject, a consensus could be reached on the explored topic. Results: The application of the questionnaire revealed that most of the experts considered each indicator of the validity dimension as very adequate; only one evaluated the indicator stages of the methodology as adequate and the procedures of stage two as quite adequate. For the feasibility dimension, almost all considered the feasibility of application and possibility of generalization indicators to be very adequate; the latter was evaluated by an expert as adequate. When comparing the results of the seven indicators with the cut-off points, it can be seen that the experts as a whole define them as very adequate. Conclusions: The relevance of the methodology was verified with the agreed criteria of the experts, who considered the aspects evaluated to be very adequate, and made contributions that allowed it to be perfected before its implementation. On these bases, a second stage of application of the method was not necessary.
Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Informatics Applications , Delphi Technique , Peer Review, Research , Oral Medicine , Multimedia , Information Technology/standards , Technology/methodsABSTRACT
Cuidados paliativos são um conjunto de procedimentos ofertados ao paciente por uma equipe multidisciplinar com objetivo de garantir bem-estar, autonomia,conforto e alívio de sintomas decorrentes de doença ou tratamento quando a cura é impossibilitada. O câncer representa uma das doenças que possuem chances de evoluir o paciente ao estágio terminal, momento em que cuidados paliativos são indicados e necessários. Dentro da equipe responsável, o cirurgião-dentista atua na prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de lesões expressas no sistema estomatognático que se manifestam estimuladas pelo câncer ou pelos tratamentos utilizados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é destacar a função do odontólogo dentro da equipe multidisciplinar paliativista para pacientes oncológicos. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemáticada literatura. Foram feitas buscas nas plataformas Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados 14 artigos. A literatura evidencia que alterações orais estão relacionadas com o curso da neoplasia ou seu tratamento; as lesões mais descritas foram: mucosite, xerostomia, candidíase, cárie, periodontite e osteorradionecrose. Isso faz com que o paciente sofra limitações em realizar atividades básicas, alterando negativamente a sua qualidade de vida. A complexidade da manifestação oral pode interromper o tratamento antineoplásico. As medidas de enfrentamento mais empregadas para a saúde bucal do paciente oncológico são a laserterapia, bochechos com clorexidina 0,12%, instrução de higiene oral, uso de anti-inflamatórios, analgésicos e antifúngicos. A atuação do odontólogo na equipe multidisciplinar oncológica paliativista é indispensável para o controle das manifestações orais.
Palliative care comprises a set of procedures offered by a multidisciplinary team to patients who cannot be cured, aiming to restore and ensure well-being, autonomy, independence, comfort and relief from symptoms resulting from illness or treatments. Cancer commonly leads the patient to the terminal stage, and at this stage palliative care is indicated and necessary. Composing the multidisciplinary team, the dentist works in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of injuries that arise in the stomatognathic system, which manifest themselves due to cancer or its treatments. The objective of this research was to highlight the work of the dentist in the multidisciplinary team of palliative care for cancer patients. This is a systematic bibliographic review of the literature, with an integrative character. Study searches were performed in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 articles were selected. Results showed that oral alterations are completely related to the development of the neoplasm or its treatment; the most described lesions were: mucositis, xerostomia, candidiasis, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries and periodontitis. These injuries make the patient suffer limitations to perform basic activities, such as eating or communicating, negatively altering their quality of life. The complexity of the oral manifestation can determine the interruption of the anticancer treatment. The most used coping measures for the oral healthof cancer patients are: low- potency laser therapy, mouthwash with 0.12% chlorhexidine, instructionin oral hygiene and use of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antifungal drugs. The role of dentists in the multidisciplinary palliative oncology team is essential for the control of oral lesions.
Los cuidados paliativos son un conjunto de procedimientos ofrecidos al paciente por un equipo multidisciplinar con el objetivo de garantizar el bienestar, la autonomía, el confort y el alivio de los síntomas derivados de la enfermedad o del tratamiento cuando la curación es imposible. El cáncer representa una de las enfermedades que tienen posibilidades de evolucionar al paciente hasta la fase terminal, momento en el que los cuidados paliativos son indicados y necesarios. Dentro del equipo responsable, el cirujano dentista actúa en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las lesiones expresadas en el sistema estomatognático que se manifiestan estimuladas por el cáncer o por los tratamientos utilizados. El objetivo de esta investigación es destacar la función del odontólogo dentro del equipo paliativo multidisciplinar para pacientes oncológicos. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática. Se realizaron búsquedas en las plataformas Virtual Health Library (BVS) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) y tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 14 artículos. La literatura muestra que las alteraciones orales están relacionadas con el curso del cáncer o su tratamiento; las lesiones más comúnmente descritas fueron: mucositis, xerostomía, candidiasis, caries, periodontitis y osteorradionecrosis. Esto hace que el paciente sufra limitaciones para realizar actividades básicas, alterando negativamente su calidad de vida. La complejidad de la manifestación oral puede interrumpir el tratamiento antineoplásico. Las medidas de afrontamiento más utilizadas para la salud bucodental de los pacientes con cáncer son la terapia láser, los enjuagues bucales con clorhexidina al 0,12%, las instrucciones de higiene bucodental y el uso de fármacos antiinflamatorios, analgésicos y antifúngicos. La actuación del odontólogo en el equipo multidisciplinar de oncología paliativa es fundamental para el control de las manifestaciones orales.
Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Dentists , Medical Oncology/instrumentation , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Radiotherapy/instrumentation , Stomatitis/complications , Stomatitis/diagnosis , Stomatognathic System , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy , Mouth Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Oral Medicine/instrumentation , Drug Therapy/instrumentationABSTRACT
Introducción: Los estudiantes de la carrera de estomatología deben empoderarse de los conocimientos, hábitos y valores necesarios para abordar el proceso de salud-enfermedad con una perspectiva integral. En este sentido, el desarrollo de las habilidades de la profesión cobra gran significación. Objetivo: Diseñar una estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de la habilidad diagnóstico precoz del cáncer bucal en los estudiantes de estomatología desde la asignatura Atención Integral a la Población. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación educativa, descriptiva y con enfoque mixto en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo, durante el curso 2019-2020, para lo cual se utilizaron métodos de los niveles teórico, empírico y estadístico. Esta abarcó la sistematización teórica y el diagnóstico del estado actual del objeto de estudio; así como la fundamentación, el diseño y la valoración de la estrategia didáctica propuesta. Se trabajó con el total de la población vinculada al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Atención Integral a la Población. Resultados: Se estructuró la estrategia didáctica propuesta en tres etapas: diagnóstico-planificación, ejecución y evaluación. Conclusiones: La valoración de la estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de la habilidad "diagnóstico precoz del cáncer bucal" en los estudiantes de estomatología, según el criterio de especialistas, evidenció la pertinencia de la estrategia(AU)
Introduction: Dental medicine students should empower themselves with the knowledge, habits and values necessary to approach the health-disease process with a comprehensive perspective. In this respect, the development of the skills inherent in the profession takes on great significance. Objective: To design a didactic strategy for the development of the skill of early diagnosis of oral cancer in dental medicine students from the scenario of the subject Comprehensive Care of the Population. Methods: An educational and descriptive research with a mixed approach was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Guantánamo, during the 2019-2020 academic year, for which theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. This included theoretical systematization and diagnosis of the current state of the object of study, as well as the foundation, design and assessment of the proposed didactic strategy. The work was implemented with the total population linked to the teaching-learning process of the subject Comprehensive Care of the Population. Results: The proposed didactic strategy was structured in three stages: diagnosis-planning, implementation and assessment. Conclusions: The assessment of the didactic strategy for the development of the skill of early diagnosis of oral cancer in dental medicine students, according to criteria provided by specialists, evidenced the relevance of the strategy(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching/education , Learning , Oral Medicine/educationABSTRACT
Introducción: El conocimiento sobre laserterapia es necesario en los profesionales de las especialidades médicas y estomatológicas, a fin de emplearla apropiadamente en los pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar la necesidad de conocimientos sobre laserterapia en profesionales de estomatología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde marzo de 2020 hasta abril de 2021, en 60 profesionales del Servicio de Estomatología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, en quienes se aplicó una encuesta cuyas respuestas fueron catalogadas en adecuadas e inadecuadas. Asimismo, se utilizaron métodos empíricos y estadísticos para el análisis de los resultados. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados habían obtenido los conocimientos en la formación de pregrado; asimismo, se obtuvo un porcentaje superior de respuestas adecuadas en cuanto a las propiedades de la terapia con láser, las precauciones para su aplicación y las contraindicaciones relacionadas con el tratamiento quirúrgico. Al analizar el conocimiento según categoría profesional, se pudo comprobar que los especialistas poseían una noción más adecuada acerca del tema que el resto de los participantes en la investigación. Conclusiones: Los profesionales mostraron conocimientos insuficientes para aplicar la laserterapia; por ende, se requiere trazar una estrategia de superación que posibilite capacitarles en tan importante tema.
Introduction: Knowledge on lasertherapy is necessary in professionals of medical and stomatological specialities, so as to use them properly in patients. Objective: To identify the scarce knowledge on lasertherapy in stomatology professionals. Methods: A descriptive and crossed-sectional study was carried out from March 2020 to April, 2021, in 60 professionals in the stomatological service from Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, in whom a survey was applied and their answers were classified as adequate or inadequate. Likewise, empiric and statistics methods were used for the analysis of results. Results: Most of the surveyed professionals had acquired knowlegde during their pre-degree training, in the same way, a higher percentage of adequate answers was obtained regarding the properties of therapy with laser, meassures for its use, and contraindications related to surgical treatment. When analizing knowledge according to professional categories, it could be proven that specialists had a more adequate notion on the topic than the rest of participants in the study. Conclusions: Professional showed scarce knowledge on to use lasertherapy; so, it is required to elaborate a training estrategy to prepare them in such an important topic.
Subject(s)
Dentists , Laser Therapy , Oral MedicineABSTRACT
El desarrollo de la interdisciplinariedad, a través del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje enmarcado en el trabajo conjunto de la unidad curricular de Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora de la carrera de Estomatología, resulta esencial para la sistematización de los contenidos de Farmacología y el desarrollo de habilidades teórico-prácticas en la prescripción racional de medicamentos de uso estomatológico por parte de estudiantes. En el presente ensayo se exponen los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan la estrategia didáctica diseñada para lograr lo antes expuesto. El análisis de los referentes teóricos existentes permitió precisar fundamentos filosóficos, sociológicos, psicológicos, pedagógicos, didácticos y de la educación médica cubana. Finalmente, se consideró que dichos fundamentos permitieron otorgar a la estrategia didáctica diseñada la estructura y coherencia necesarias y el carácter científico, con lo cual se contribuye a la formación integral de los estudiantes y, por consiguiente, al futuro egresado de la carrera de Estomatología.
The development of interdisciplinarity through the teaching-learning process between the Pharmacology curricular unit and the clinical subjects of the Main Integrative Discipline in the Stomatology career, is essential for the systematization of the essential contents of Pharmacology and to develop theoretical skills in the students' practices for the rational prescription of drugs for stomatological use. In this essay, the theoretical foundations that support a designed didactic strategy to achieve the above are exposed. The analysis of the existing theoretical references allowed to specify the philosophical, sociological, psychological, pedagogical, didactic and of Cuban Medical Education foundations. Finally, it was considered that these foundations allowed to give the designed didactic strategy the necessary structure and coherence and scientific character, thereby contributing to the comprehensive training of students and, consequently, of future graduates of the Stomatology career.
Subject(s)
Pharmacology , Teaching , Oral MedicineABSTRACT
Introducción: la disostosis cleidocraneal (CCD) es una enfermedad genética rara que compromete el desarrollo óseo normal, causada por la alteración en el gen RUNX2 del cromosoma 6p (brazo corto). Sus consecuencias incluyen alteraciones óseas por anomalías en la osificación intramembranosa que, a su vez, conllevan a modificaciones en el desarrollo de huesos craneales, claviculares, a múltiples efectos sobre el número, erupción y recambio dental, y a dificultades funcionales, además de cambios en la conducta psicosocial por el deterioro en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: describir el manejo integral de una paciente con disostosis cleidocraneal, a través de la revisión de caso clínico y el reporte de hallazgos en su mejoramiento, como consecuencia de tratamientos quirúrgicos, rehabilitación y el apoyo interdisciplinario, aspecto de gran importancia para este tipo de pacientes. Caso clínico: paciente femenina de 31 años con diagnóstico de CCD que asistió a la Unidad Estomatológica de la Universidad de Cartagena Colombia, y fue remitida desde Genética por presentar inconformidad funcional y dolor leve durante la masticación de los alimentos por movilidad dental severa en dientes antero-inferiores; además, manifestó permanencia de órganos dentarios deciduos, la cual fue tratada en fases. Al tratamiento se le dio un enfoque multidisciplinar, lo que mejoró, de forma sustancial, la autopercepción e interrelación de la paciente en la sociedad.
Background: Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD) is a rare genetic disease that compromises normal bone development, caused by the alteration in the RUNX2 gene of chromosome 6p (short arm), which causes bone alterations due to abnormalities in intramembranous ossification that leads to alterations in the development of cranial and clavicular bones and multiple efects on the number, eruption and dental turnover, which leads to functional difculties, in addition to behavior and alterations in psychosocial behavior and the deterioration of their quality of life, Objective: To describe the comprehensive management of a patient with cranial Cleido dysostosis, through a clinical case review, reporting among the fndings the improvement of the patient through surgical treatments, rehabilitation and interdisciplinary support, of great importance for this type of patient. Clinical case: A 31-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of CCD, who attended the Stomatology Unit of the University of Cartagena - Colombia, referred by the treating geneticist, due to functional discomfort and mild pain during chewing food due to severe dental mobility. in anterior-inferior teeth, also showing permanence of deciduous dental organs, which was treated in phases in which a multidisciplinary approach was given to its management, which substantially improved its self-perception and its interrelation in society.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Cleidocranial Dysplasia , Oral Medicine , Stomatitis , Mouth, EdentulousABSTRACT
Introducción: El impacto y la pertinencia social han constituido elementos relevantes al momento de conocer el desempeño de la educación superior en un país. En el caso de las universidades de ciencias médicas, que se encargan de la formación integral de los profesionales de la salud, el mejoramiento continuo de la calidad de los procesos académicos representa una prioridad para cumplir con el encargo social. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la evaluación del impacto social de la carrera de estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Posicionamiento de los autores: La carrera de estomatología tiene una tradición de más de cien años. Ha sido reconocida su calidad y excelencia a través de evaluaciones externas que han mostrado fortalezas en la variable pertinencia e impacto social. Sin embargo, es necesario evaluar el impacto social no solo desde el punto de vista de la satisfacción de egresados y empleadores por la formación recibida, sino en aspectos como desempeño profesional, trabajo en equipo, impacto en la salud bucal de la población, entre otros. Conclusiones: La carrera de estomatología tiene un alto reconocimiento, que se demuestra en el vínculo de los profesores y estudiantes en la solución de los problemas de salud bucal. No obstante, no se ha estimado evaluar otros impactos vinculados al desarrollo de los egresados en la investigación científica, sus expectativas, sus motivaciones y su superación profesional, los cuales, definitivamente, contribuyen al perfeccionamiento, la pertinencia y la calidad de la carrera(AU)
Introduction: Social impact and pertinence have been relevant elements at the time of knowing the performance of higher education in a country. In the case of universities of medical sciences, responsible for the comprehensive training of health professionals, the continuous improvement of the quality of academic processes represents a priority for accomplishing the social task. Objective: To reflect about the evaluation of the social impact of the dental medicine major of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana. Authors' stance: The dental medicine major has a tradition of more than a hundred years. Its quality and excellence have been recognized through external evaluations that have shown strengths in the variable social impact and pertinence. However, it is necessary to evaluate social impact not only from the point of view of the graduates' and employers' satisfaction with the offered training, but also in terms of professional performance, teamwork, impact on the oral health of the population, among others. Conclusions: The dental medicine major has a high recognition, demonstrated thought the connection among professors and students for the solution of oral health problems. However, it has not been considered to evaluate other impacts associated to the development of graduates in scientific research, their expectations, their motivations and professional upgrading, which definitely contribute to the improvement, relevance and quality of the major(AU)
Subject(s)
Science , Total Quality Management , Oral Medicine/education , Running/education , Social Change , UniversitiesABSTRACT
Introducción: La ampliación de la matrícula en la carrera de estomatología y la apertura de nuevos escenarios docentes descentralizados han constituido un reto en la formación de los educandos. Con el ejercicio del examen estatal se certifica la competencia de los egresados. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados de la evaluación final de la asignatura Atención integral a la población con los del examen ordinario estatal de la carrera de estomatología en los escenarios docentes descentralizados de Plaza de la Revolución. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal de los resultados del examen ordinario estatal de la carrera de estomatología en el período 2014-2021, en los escenarios docentes descentralizados de Plaza de La Revolución. Los resultados finales se compararon con la nota final de la asignatura Atención integral a la población. Se trabajó con el universo de los estudiantes (161). Se utilizaron los números enteros y el porcentaje. Resultados: Los resultados de la asignatura Atención integral a la población fueron ligeramente superiores a los obtenidos en la prueba estatal. En ambos predominaron las calificaciones de alto rendimiento, para un 69,5 por ciento y un 57,1 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: La calidad satisfactoria de los resultados docentes de los exámenes finales de Atención integral a la población y el estatal se mantuvieron con una tendencia a la mejoraría de las calificaciones de los últimos tres cursos(AU)
Introduction: An increase in the enrollment acceptance for the dental medicine major and the creation of new decentralized teaching settings have become challenges with respect to the training of students. The state examination certifies the competence of graduates. Objective: To compare the results of the final evaluation corresponding to the subject of Comprehensive Population Care with the results of the first call for the state examination corresponding to the dental medicine major in the context of decentralized teaching settings of Plaza de la Revolución Municipality, Havana, Cuba. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out with the results of the first call for the state examination corresponding to the dental medicine major in the period 2014-2021, in the context of decentralized teaching settings of Plaza de La Revolución Municipality. The final results were compared with the final scores corresponding to the subject of Comprehensive Population Care. The universe of students (161) were included. Integer numbers and percentages were used. Results: The results corresponding to the subject of Comprehensive Population Care were slightly higher than the results obtained in the state examination. Both were characterized by predominantly high performance scores, accounting for 69.5 percent and 57.1 percent, respectively. Conclusions: The satisfactory quality of the teaching results corresponding to the final exams for the subject of Comprehensive Population Care and the state examination maintained a tendency of improving scores in the last three academic years(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Total Quality Management/methods , Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Universities , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Oral Medicine/educationABSTRACT
Introducción: La atención estomatológica integral al paciente de riesgo quirúrgico resulta un reto en la actualidad. El profesional de la estomatología necesita herramientas que permita profundizar en los riesgos quirúrgicos, entre esas herramientas puede contarse la correcta confección de historia clínica. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la confección de historia clínica en los pacientes de riesgo quirúrgico en la Clínica Estomatológica "Salvador Allende". Métodos: Se revisaron 108 historias clínicas de todos los pacientes de riesgo quirúrgico ingresados en la consulta de estomatología general integral en el archivo de la Clínica "Salvador Allende" del municipio Cerro, La Habana, correspondientes a un periodo de tres meses. Resultados: Un 41,6 por ciento de pacientes presentó hipertensión arterial, seguidos de pacientes con dos o más enfermedades (37,0 por ciento). El 56,4 por ciento de las historias clínicas abordó sobre el uso de medicamentos para la enfermedad de base, los restantes acápites tuvieron bajos porcentajes en relación con el completamiento de la información. El 79,6 por ciento de los pacientes de riesgo recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La enfermedad de riesgo más frecuente es la hipertensión arterial seguida por los pacientes con dos o más enfermedades. No se recogen los datos necesarios en la atención del paciente de riesgo quirúrgico y las propuestas plasmadas permitirán realizar cualquier ejercicio de la profesión de manera más eficaz y con menor riesgo(AU)
Introduction: Comprehensive dental care of surgical risk patients is a current challenge. Dental care professionals should have access to tools allowing them to expand their knowledge about possible surgical risks. Appropriately developed medical records are an example of such tools. Objective: To describe the process of development of medical records of surgical risk patients at Salvador Allende dental clinic. Methods: A total 108 medical records were reviewed, corresponding to all the surgical risk patients admitted to the general comprehensive dental care service of Salvador Allende dental clinic in the municipality of Cerro, Havana, in a three months' period. Results: Of the patients studied, 41.6 percent had arterial hypertension, followed by patients with two or more conditions (37.0 percent). It was found that 56.4 percent of the medical records contained information about the use of drugs for the underlying condition. The remaining items exhibited low percentages of data completion. 79.6 percent of the risk patients received surgical treatment. Conclusions: The most common risk condition is arterial hypertension, followed by patients with two or more diseases. The data required for the care of surgical risk patients are not recorded. The proposals put forth will make it possible to perform any professional practice in a more effective manner and with a lower level of risk(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Records , Dental Care , Oral Medicine , Professional PracticeABSTRACT
Introducción: La COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, de ahí que, específicamente en el caso de la estomatología, deben tomarse las medidas de bioseguridad imprescindibles para preservar la salud del personal médico y de los pacientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar la labor docente asistencial de los profesionales de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba durante la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con recolección retrospectiva de la información entre marzo de 2020 y septiembre de 2021. Resultados: En la labor docente, de un total de 75 estudiantes de pregrado promovieron 41 en el examen estatal y 24 de posgrado; también cambiaron de categorías, tanto científica como docente, 15 profesores. En la labor asistencial predominaron las consultas de urgencias en los tres períodos (62,5 %), seguidas de las especializadas (28,5 %). Conclusiones: La labor docente asistencial en las diferentes etapas de la epidemia se caracterizó por alcanzar las diferentes promociones en los estudios de pregrado y de posgrado, así como por la atención a pacientes con urgencias estomatológicas, fundamentalmente provenientes de otras áreas de salud, siempre con las exigencias y el control sobre el cumplimiento del plan de medidas de bioseguridad.
Introduction: The COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that is why, specifically in the case of stomatology, the indispensable biosecurity measures should be taken to preserve the health of the medical personnel and patients. Objective: To characterize the assistance teaching work of health professionals in Mártires del Moncada Provincial Teaching Stomatological Clinic from Santiago de Cuba during the COVID-19. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, with retrospective collection of the information between March, 2020 and September, 2021. Results: In the teaching work, from a total of 75 pregraduate degree students promoted 41 in the state exam and 24 of postgraduate degree students; also 15 professors changed categories, either scientific or teaching. In the assistance work the urgencies visits prevailed in the three periods (62.5 %), followed by the specialized visits (28.5 %). Conclusions: The assistance teaching work in the different stages of the epidemic was characterized to achieve the different promotions in the pregraduate degree and postgraduate degree studies, as well as for the care to patients with stomatological emergencies, fundamentally coming from other health areas, always with the demands and control on the fulfillment of the biosecurity measures plan.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Oral Medicine , EmergenciesABSTRACT
The vegetarians form one-fifth of the global population. The vegetarians are a peculiar group of people; existing body of scientific evidence shows that they are a highly vulnerable group of people when it comes to oral diseases. The oral health of vegetarians is a critical aspect of dentistry; however, current evidencebased on PubMed database searchshows a dearth of literature on this thematic area. It appears this aspect is being neglected in the field of stomatological research. INTRODUCTION It is a general saying that 'you are what you eat'.This is a very true statement; what you eat goes a very long way in determining who you are, where you come from, what you are passing through, what you are up to, and why you eat [1].There are many factors that determine the pattern and choicespeople makeinfeeding themselves and/or their families [1]. For example, some people's choices of food are based on religious ideologies. In some religious societies, what one eatsmay determine how others perceive him/her i.e.being referred to as a faithful or a non-faithful. Whilstit is forbidden to eat pork in Jewish and Muslim societies, it is not forbidden insome non-Muslim and non-Jewish societies[2,3]. Arguably,the initiation, maintenance and modification of eating habits are complex processes. Who are Vegetarians?Based on the content of what is being eaten, people are classified as vegetarians and non-vegetarians. A vegetarian is a person who abstains from eating meat (flesh), seafood, and by-products of animal slaughter [4,5]. On the other hand, a non-vegetarian is a person who eats any or all of what vegetarians abstain from. A vegetarian diet is a very special diet and it includes variety of delicacies (Table 1) [4,5].
Subject(s)
Humans , Oral Medicine , Vegetarians , Research , Oral Health , Alagille SyndromeABSTRACT
Background: Dental caries remains a public health threat of concern among children. About 2.3 billion people are affected by dental caries, of which 530 million are children globally. Objective: This study was carried out to identify sugar fermenting bacteria in the oral cavity and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, assess the association with sugar fermenter bacteria and dental caries and evaluate dental caries outcomes among children. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and February 2022 at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital. About 136 oral swab samples were collected from children with and without dental caries at 1:1 ratio. The samples were put in Stuart sterile container and transported to INES-clinical microbiology laboratory for microbial identification. Logistic regression analysis of demographic characteristics was performed to study the relationship between demographic variables and dental caries. Chi-square test was performed for the association between variables. Results: About 67.6% were male, while children of age 79 years (64.7%) dominated the age groups. Lactobacilli spp (15.29%) and Streptococcus mutans (12.94%) were the most predominant microorganisms observed in the oral cavity among children with dental caries. The S. mutans (x2 = 27.03, P < 0.00001, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.29010.5785), S. aureus (x2 = 34.59, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.35410.6292), Enterobacter aerogenes (x2 = 13.5, P = 0.000239, 95% CI = 0.1510.4622), Serratia marcescens (x2 = 11.64, P = 0.00645, 95% CI = 0.12750.4418) and Klebsiella pneumonia (x2 = 13.51, P = 0.000237, 95% CI = 0.15110.4623) were significantly associated with dental caries. Teeth loss (x2 = 51.04, P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 0.47570.7205), teeth pain (x2 = 5.05, P = 0.0246, 95% CI = 0.02490.33499), and infection (x2 = 4.73, P = 0.02964, 95% CI = 0.01860.3441) were dental outcomes associated with tooth decay. Ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and amoxicillin were the most sensitive antibiotics, while vancomycin and chloramphenicol were the most resistant. Conclusion: Sugar consumption favours the growth of sugar fermenter bacteria that cause dental caries among children. Dental caries is associated with adverse oral health outcomes among children. Oral health education is recommended for children. Parents are advised to reduce the consumption of sugary food for their children for oral health safety.
Subject(s)
Referral and Consultation , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacteria , Oral Medicine , Dental Caries , Sugars , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Mouth , Fermentation , Anti-Infective AgentsABSTRACT
Introducción: El Congreso Internacional de Estomatología, se ha celebrado en La Habana desde el año 2000, con una periodicidad quinquenal. Objetivo: Describir la presencia de trabajos sobre las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en los congresos internacionales de Estomatología de La Habana. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, con apoyo en la técnica de revisión documental, utilizando los datos de los trabajos presentados en los congresos internacionales de Estomatología, celebrados entre los años 2000 y 2020. Resultados: En los congresos estudiados se presentaron 83 trabajos y se ofrecieron 5 conferencias y/o mesas redondas dedicadas a la materia de estudio. Conclusiones: Predominaron las temáticas relacionadas con videos educativos, multimedia y software educativo y se observó que aún resulta escasa la presencia de trabajos, que muestren la aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en la estomatología, en el período estudiado(AU)
Introduction: The International Congress of Stomatology has been held in Havana since 2000, every five years. Objective: To describe the presence of papers on Information and Communication Technologies in the international congresses of Stomatology in Havana. Material and method: A descriptive study was carried out, supported by the documentary review technique, using data from the papers presented at the international stomatology congresses, held between 2000 and 2020. Results: In the studied congresses, 83 papers and 5 lectures and / or round tables dedicated to the subject of study were offered. Conclusions: The themes related to educational videos, multimedia and educational software predominated and it was observed that the presence of works, showing the application of Information and Communication Technologies in stomatology, is still scarce in the period studied(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Software Design , Congresses as Topic , Oral Medicine , Instructional Film and Video , Dentistry , Information Technology , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção da saúde bucal e a satisfação em relação aos serviços de saúde dos pacientes HIV positivos. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 68 pacientes sistematicamente selecionados entre os usuários de consultas de HIV, no Centro de Saúde da Manhiça (Moçambique). Foram submetidos a um questionário que incluiu questões relacionadas à informação sociodemográfica, autopercepção sobre a saúde bucal e o nível de satisfação em relação ao cuidado recebido na unidade de saúde. A estatística foi realizada no programa estatístico (SPSS) versão 22. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes (72,1%) apresentou baixa escolaridade e morava na zona rural (61,8%). Observou-se que a maioria dos indivíduos (79%) experimentou pelo menos um problema de saúde bucal, no entanto, apenas 57,4% procuraram tratamento específico. Dos sujeitos que procuraram tratamento hospitalar, 85,2% avaliaram positivamente os serviços prestados. Conclusão: A percepção das necessidades de saúde oral desses pacientes está relacionada a condições com a capacidade de causar dor e mudar, substancialmente, o seu cotidiano. A satisfação com os serviços prestados foi relacionada ao tempo de espera que eles levam para receber atendimento e com as complicações menos possíveis nos procedimentos e não, necessariamente, ao procedimento adotado.
Aim: To assess the self-perception of oral health and satisfaction of the health services of patients with HIV. Methods: Sixty-eight patients systematically selected from HIV consultations at the Manhiça Health Center (Mozambique) participated in the study and were submitted to a questionnaire that included questions related to sociodemographic information, self-perception of oral health, and the level of satisfaction with the care received at the health unit. The statistics were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) program, version 22. Results: Most patients (72.1%) reported a low-level education and lived in rural areas (61.8%). It was observed that most subjects (79%) experienced at least one oral health problem; however, only 57.4% had sought specific treatment. Of the subjects who sought hospital treatment, 85.2% evaluated the health services provided positively. Conclusion: The perception of oral health needs for these patients is related to conditions capable of causing pain and substantially altering the daily lives of these individuals. Satisfaction with the services provided was related to the waiting time they take to receive care and with the least possible complications in the procedures and not necessarily with the procedure adopted.
Subject(s)
Self Concept , Oral Health , HIV , Oral Medicine , Patient Care , Patient SatisfactionABSTRACT
The medical emergencies during oral diagnosis and treatment needs urgent treatment. If the emergent situations are not managed immediately and correctly, the consequences may be lethal to the patients. Due to the actuality that most of the dental clinicians are insufficient in medical first aid theoretically and practically, the Society of Stomatological Emergency, Chinese Stomatological Association organized some domestic famous dental and medical experts to write the present clinical diagnosis and treatment expert consensus on the basis of repeated discussion.The consensus aims to guide the dental clinician to take correct steps in the process of chair-side first aid in case of medical emergency, so as to reduce the risks, to prevent medical emergencies and to ensure the life safety and health of patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Consensus , Dental Care , Emergencies , First Aid , Oral MedicineABSTRACT
China has entered an aging society. The incidence rate of dental defects, dentition defects and edentulism in elderly patients is high, and the number of patients is increasing. The physiological and pathological conditions are complex for the elderly. Moreover, the expectation of dental restoration is also increasing, which is a great challenge in clinic. Currently, few relevant guidelines or standards have been issued nationally or internationally. The Society of Prosthodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association, based on extensive solicitation of opinions and reference to relevant literature, has set an application guideline after extensive discussions and revisions. The guideline covers the common clinical treatment scenarios for prosthetic dentistry in elderly patients. The present guideline consists of general principles, basic workflows and important considerations to provide reference for prosthodontist and relevant medical practitioners.