ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y DENSIDAD MINERAL ÓSEA DE MUJERES MAYORES DE 20 AÑOS PROCEDENTES DE EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA Y HONDURAS / NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY OF WOMEN OVER 20 YEARS OF AGE FROM EL SALVADOR, GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS

Introducción: El estado nutricional influye en el riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), como la osteoporosis, una epidemia silenciosa global, cuya prevalencia aumenta con la edad. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el estado nutricional y la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de mujeres mayores de 20 años. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo con muestra de conveniencia de 77 mujeres provenientes de El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras, con datos recolectados en 2022-2023. Para evaluar el estado nutricional se utilizó equipo de bioimpedancia eléctrica mBCA514 SECA™ y el Sunlight MiniOmni™ para medir la DMO. Se analizaron los datos con estadística descriptiva,con el programa SPSS versión 29.0.1.0. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 34,8±7,8 años. Según el Índice de Masa Corporal, la prevalencia de sobrepeso (SP) y obesidad (OB) fue de 33,8% y 23,4%, respectivamente. El 31,2% se estimó con un rango elevado de grasa corporal y el 20,8% un rango alto, según el Índice de Masa Grasa. El 39% se estimó con grasa visceral elevada o alta y el 44,2% no presentó riesgo cardiovascular según la circunferencia de cintura. El Índice de Masa Magra y el ángulo de fase se estimó normal en la mayoría de las mujeres. La proporción de DMO alterada fue 5,1%. Conclusiones: La evaluación de la composición corporal demuestra una alta proporción de SO y OB en las mujeres procedentes de los tres países, confirmando la necesidad de su control fomentando estilos de vida saludables y el mejoramiento de su calidad de vida previniendo las ENT relacionadas

Introduction: Nutritional status influences the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as osteoporosis, a silent global epidemic whose prevalence increases with age. This study aimed to describe the nutritional status and bone mineral density (BMD) of women over 20 years old. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 77 women from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, with data collected in 2022-2023. To evaluate nutritional status, mBCA514 SECA™ electrical bioimpedance equipment was used and the Sunlight MiniOmni™ was used to measure BMD. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, with the SPSS program version 29.0.1.0.Results: The average age was 34.8±7.8 years. According to the Body Mass Index, the prevalence of overweight (SP) and obesity (OB) was 33.8% and 23.4%, respectively. 31.2% were estimated to have an elevated range of body fat and 20.8% a high range, according to the Fat Mass Index. 39% were estimated to have elevated or high visceral fat and only 44.2% did not present cardiovascular risk according to waist circumference. The Lean Mass Index and phase angle were estimated to be normal in most women. The proportion of altered BMD was 5.1%. Conclusions: Body composition assessment demonstrates a high proportion of OW/OB in women from all three countries, confirming the need for control by promoting healthy lifestyles and improving their quality of life by preventing related NCDs

Asociación del índice de masa corporal con la insatisfacción corporal en escolares / Association of body mass index with body dissatisfaction in schoolchildren

Introducción: La malnutrición por exceso causa sobrepeso y obesidad, siendo un problema de salud pública, que se ha presentado en los primeros años de vida. Investigaciones realizadas han informado la existencia de insatisfacción corporal relacionada con el peso, debido a los estándares de belleza establecidos en la sociedad. Objetivo: asociar el índice de masa corporal con la insatisfacción corporal y percepción de la imagen corporal de los escolares. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal con 610 escolares. El estado nutricional se clasificó según el puntaje z del IMC. Para determinar la insatisfacción corporal y la percepción de la imagen corporal, se aplicó una escala de imagen corporal infantil de siete fotografías, con un valor del 1 al 7 de acuerdo con el tamaño creciente, y el rango final del IMC. Se calculó la diferencia entre la figura que los participantes consideraron ideal y la forma corporal percibida. Resultados: el 47,3% presentaron sobrepeso y obesidad. La insatisfacción corporal fue mayor en las niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad (p = 0,013). El IMC correlacionó con la insatisfacción corporal (rho(608) = 0,480; p < 0,001) y la percepción de la imagen corporal (rho(608) = 0,433; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: El IMC se relacionó positivamente con la insatisfacción corporal y la percepción de la imagen corporal; esto podría elevar el riesgo de presentar trastornos alimentarios, contribuir al mantenimiento del exceso de peso corporal, al no percibirse con exceso de peso, es menos probable que realicen acciones para controlarlo(AU)

Introduction: Excessive malnutrition causes overweight and obesity, being a public health problem, which has occurred in the first years of life. Research has reported the existence of body dissatisfaction related to weight, due to beauty standards established in society. Objective: to associate the BMI with body dissatisfaction and body image perception of schoolchildren. Materials and methods: cross-sectional study of 610 schoolchildren. Nutritional status was classified according to the BMI z score. To determine body dissatisfaction and body image perception, a child body image scale of seven photographs was applied, with a value of 1 to 7 according to the increasing size, and the final range of the BMI. The difference between the figure that participants considered ideal, and the perceived body shape was calculated. Results: 47.3% were overweight and obese. Body dissatisfaction was higher in overweight and obese girls (p = 0.013). BMI correlated with body dissatisfaction (rho(608) = 0.480; p < 0.001) and body image perception (rho(608) = 0.433; p < 0.001). Conclusions: BMI was positively related to body dissatisfaction and body image perception; this could increase the risk of developing eating disorders, contribute to the maintenance of excess body weight, as it is not perceived with excess weight, are less likely to take actions to control it(AU)

Predicción de la valoración del recién nacido según el estado nutricional materno: modelo basado en árboles de decisión / Prediction of newborn assessment according to maternal nutritional status: a model based on decision trees

Objetivo: Determinar si es posible predecir la valoración del recién nacido según el estado nutricional materno a través de un modelo de árbol de decisión. Métodos: Estudio analítico transversal. Se revisaron 326 historias clínicas de gestantes de un hospital público peruano, 2021. Se valoró el recién nacido mediante el puntaje APGAR, edad gestacional al nacer, peso al nacer, peso y talla para la edad gestacional. El estado nutricional materno incluyó el índice de masa corporal pregestacional y la ganancia de peso gestacional. La predicción se realizó mediante un modelo de aprendizaje automático supervisado denominado "árbol de decisión". Resultados: No fue posible predecir mediante el estado nutricional materno, el puntaje APGAR al minuto y la talla para la edad gestacional. La probabilidad de tener edad gestacional a término al nacer es de 97,2 % cuando la ganancia de peso gestacional es > 5,4 Kg (p = 0,007). Las probabilidades más altas de peso adecuado al nacer fueron con ganancia de peso gestacional entre 4,5 Kg (p < 0,001) y 17 Kg (p < 0,001) y con índice de masa corporal pregestacional ≤ 36,523 Kg/m2 (p = 0,004). Finalmente, la mayor probabilidad de peso adecuado para la edad gestacional es cuando la ganancia de peso gestacional es ≤ 11,8 Kg (p < 0,001) y con un índice de masa corporal pregestacional ≤ 36,523 Kg/m2 (p = 0,005). Conclusiones: Es posible predecir la valoración del recién nacido a partir del estado nutricional materno mediante un aprendizaje automático(AU)

Objective: To determine whether it is possible to predict the assessment of the newborn according to maternal nutritional status through a decision tree model. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 326 medical records of pregnant women from a Peruvian public hospital were reviewed, in 2021. The newborn was assessed using the APGAR score, gestational age at birth, birth weight, weight and height for gestational age. Maternal nutritional status included pregestational body mass index and gestational weight gain. The prediction was made using a supervised machine learning model called a "decision tree." Results: The APGAR score at one minute and height for gestational age were not possible to predict by maternal nutritional status. The probability of having full-term gestational age at birth is 97.2% when gestational weight gain is > 5.4 kg (p = 0.007). The highest probabilities of adequate birth weight were with gestational weight gain between 4.5 kg (p < 0.001) and 17 kg (p < 0.001) and with pregestational body mass index ≤ 36.523 kg/m2 (p = 0.004). Finally, the highest probability of adequate weight for gestational age is when gestational weight gain is < 11.8 Kg (p < 0.001) and with a pregestational body mass index ≤ 36.523 Kg/m2 (p = 0.005). Conclusions: It is possible to predict the assessment of the newborn based on the mother's nutritional status using machine learning(AU)

Effects of school-based interventions on blood pressure in obese children: metanalysis / Efeitos de intervenções de base escolar na pressão arterial de crianças com obesidade: metanálise

Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA), a systematic review with metanalysis was conducted to identify and summarize the effects of school-based physical activity interventions that sought to control and / or reduce blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) in children and / or adolescents with overweight and / or obesity. In September 2022, potential studies were searched in five electronic databases (Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus, and Web of Science) and in reference lists. Randomized controlled trials conducted in schools with interventions involving physical activity and assessment of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years with overweight and / or obesity were con-sidered for synthesis. The risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool (EPHPP). Metanalysis was developed from the random model. Four studies were included. For systolic blood pressure, a summary effect of -0.10 (95% CI: -0.39; 0.19; I2 = 0%) was observed. For diastolic pressure, the metanalysis indicated -0.33 (95% CI: -0.62; -0.04; I2 = 11%). Considering the promising effects on diastolic blood pressure, we suggest the develop-ment of more school-based interventions based on physical activity practice for overweight and / or obese populations, which may also add environmental elements, longer duration, multicomponent approaches, and parent / guardian involvement to their strategies.

Com base na declaração Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com metanálise para identificar e sumarizar os efeitos de intervenções escolar baseadas na atividade física que buscaram o controle e / ou redução da pressão arterial (sistólica e diastólica) em crianças e / ou adolescentes com excesso de peso e / ou obesidade. Em setembro de 2022, estudos potenciais foram pesquisados em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus, Sportdiscus, e Web of Science) e em listas de referências. Foram considerados para a síntese ensaios controlados randomizados realizados em escolas, com intervenções que envolviam a atividade física e avaliação da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica em crianças e adolescentes dos 6 aos 19 anos com excesso de peso e/ ou obesidade. O risco de viés foi avaliado utilizando uma versão adaptada do instrumento Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). A metanálise foi elaborada a partir do modelo randômico. Foram incluídos quatro estudos. Para a pressão arterial sistólica, observou-se um efeito sumarizado de -0,10 (IC 95%: -0,39; 0,19; I2 = 0%). Para a pressão diastólica, a metanálise indicou -0,33 (IC 95%: -0,62; -0,04; I2 = 11%). Considerando os efeitos promissores na pressão arterial diastólica, sugerimos o desenvolvimento de mais intervenções escola-res fundamentadas na prática de atividade física às populações com sobrepeso e / ou obesidade, que possam agregar também, em suas estratégias, elementos ambientais, maior duração, abordagens multicomponentes e envolvimento dos pais / responsáveis.

Impacto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en el índice de masa corporal de niños asistidos en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the body mass index of children seen in the City of Buenos Aires

Introducción. El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil constituyen un problema de salud pública. El inicio de la pandemia por COVID-19 pudo haber favorecido esta patología. El puntaje Z del índice de masa corporal (Z-IMC) es un indicador aceptado para su diagnóstico y seguimiento. Objetivo. Evaluar si la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó durante la pandemia. Población y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron pacientes asistidos en efectores públicos de salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (GCABA), de 2 a 5 años de edad, con registro de peso y talla en dos consultas, antes y después de haber comenzado el aislamiento social preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO). Se registró estado nutricional (Z-IMC) y variación del Z-IMC entre ambas consultas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 3866 sujetos, edad promedio 3,4 ± 0,8 años; el 48,1 % fueron mujeres. El intervalo promedio entre consultas fue 14,3 ± 2,5 meses. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad aumentó del 12,6 % (IC95% 11,6-13,6) al 20,9 % (IC95% 19,6-22-2); p <0,001, al igual que el Z-IMC (0,4 ± 1,1 vs. 0,8 ± 1,3; p <0,001). Conclusión. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, y el Z-IMC en niños de 2 a 5 años aumentó significativamente durante la pandemia.

Introduction. Childhood overweight and obesity are a public health problem. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to this condition. The body mass index (BMI) Z-score has been accepted as an indicator for overweight and obesity diagnosis and follow-up. Objective. To assess whether the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased during the pandemic. Population and methods. Retrospective, cohort study. Patients included were those seen at public health care facilities in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), who were aged 2 to 5 years, had weight and height values recorded at 2 different visits, before and after the establishment of the preventive and mandatory social isolation policy. Patients' nutritional status (BMI Z-score) and the variation in this indicator between both visits were recorded. Results. A total of 3866 subjects were assessed; their average age was 3.4 ± 0.8 years; 48.1% were girls. The average interval between both visits was 14.3 ± 2.5 months. The prevalence of overweight/ obesity increased from 12.6% (95% CI: 11.6­13.6) to 20.9% (95% CI: 19.6­22.2), p < 0.001, and so did the BMI Z-score (0.4 ± 1.1 versus 0.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and the BMI Z-score in children aged 2 to 5 years increased significantly during the pandemic.

Datos de composición de alimentos en Costa Rica: Fuentes, usos e impacto en políticas públicas / Food Composition Data in Costa Rica: Sources, Uses, and impact on public policies

Introducción: Las bases de datos y las tablas de composición de alimentos (BDCA y TCA, respectivamente) contienen información sobre la composición química-nutricional de los alimentos. Objetivo: Definir las fuentes de los datos de composición de alimentos que se usan en Costa Rica y que impacto tienen a nivel de políticas públicas. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron las TCA y BDCA disponibles en Costa Rica desde 1960 hasta el 2020. Se encuestaron usuarios de datos de composición de alimentos. Se analizaron los usos de estos datos y algunos alcances a nivel de política pública. Resultados: Se identifica la utilización predominante de datos de la BDCA de Estados Unidos, los datos nacionales son desactualizados en su mayoría y hay pocos datos de análisis directo (químico) de alimentos. Se evidencia la importancia de contar con datos propios, actualizados y representativos de composición de alimentos para la toma de decisiones en salud pública. Conclusiones: Se deben vincular las instituciones generadoras y compiladoras para maximizar los recursos para fortalecer la disponibilidad de datos de composición de alimentos en el país. Se evidencia la necesidad de generar un Sistema Nacional de Datos de Composición de Alimentos que se ajuste a las necesidades identificadas en cuanto a la calidad y presentación de la información(AU)

Introduction: Databases and food composition tables (FCDB and FCT, respectively) provide information about the chemical-nutritional composition of foods. Objective: of this work was to define the sources of food composition data used in Costa Rica and their impact on public policies. Materials and methods: It was analyzed which TCA and FCDB have been available in Costa Rica from 1960 to 2020. Users were surveyed about food composition data. It was analyzed the uses of these data and some of their impacts on public policy. Results: The predominant use of data from the U.S. FCDB is identified, the national data are mostly outdated, and there is little data from direct (chemical) analysis of food. The importance of having our own, up- to-date, and representative data on food composition for public health decision-making is evident. Conclusions: Generating and compiling institutions should be linked to maximize resources to strengthen the availability of food composition data in the country. The need to generate a National Food Composition Data System that meets the identified needs in terms of quality and presentation of information is evident(AU)

Ingesta de calcio y vitamina D: relación con exceso de peso en población costarricense / Calcium and vitamin D intake, its relationship with weight excess in Costa Rican population

Introducción: La presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad aumentan la morbimortalidad de la población latinoamericana. La deficiencia de micronutrientes como el calcio y la vitamina D se han relacionado con un aumento del riesgo de obesidad. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la ingesta de vitamina D y de calcio con los factores de riesgo para obesidad en la población urbana costarricense incluidas en el Estudio ELANS. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron 798 participantes costarricenses del Estudio ELANS. Se determinó la distribución del consumo de calcio y vitamina D según las características socioeconómicas, la actividad física y los datos antropométricos. Se compararon los grupos con las pruebas U de Mann ­ Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. Se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal y logística. Resultados: El consumo de calcio y vitamina D fue inadecuado en más del 98% de los participantes. Las mujeres, las personas con menor nivel socioeconómico, baja actividad física, de menor edad, con exceso de peso y obesidad abdominal presentaron un consumo menor de calcio y de vitamina D. El consumo de calcio y vitamina D es mayor en los grupos que tienen un menor IMC (p= 0,023 para calcio y p= 0,252 para vitamina D). Las personas con menor circunferencia de la cintura tuvieron más consumo de calcio y vitamina D (p= 0,002 para calcio y p= 0,008 para vitamina D). No hubo asociación del consumo en los modelos de regresión. Conclusiones: El consumo de calcio y vitamina D es deficiente en la población urbana costarricense y, presentó una relación inversa con el IMC(AU)

ntroduction: The presence of overweight and obesity increase the morbimortality of people in Latin America. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as calcium and vitamin D, are associated with an increased risk of obesity. Objective: To determine the relationship between vitamin D and calcium intake with risk factors for obesity in the Costa Rican urban population included in the ELANS Study. Materials and methods: For this analysis we used the 798 Costa Rican participants of the study (ELANS). The distribution of calcium and vitamin D intake was determined according to socioeconomic status, physical activity, and anthropometric measures. The Mann ­ Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U tests were used, as well as linear and logistic regression models were performed. Results: Calcium and vitamin D intake was inadequate in more than 98% of the participants. Women, individuals with a lower socioeconomic level, low physical activity, younger age and those with excess weight and abdominal obesity presented lower consumptionofcalciumandvitamin D. Theconsumption of calcium and vitamin D was greater in the groups that have a lower BMI (p= 0.023 for calcium and p= 0.252 for vitamin D). The smaller the waist circumference, the greater the consumption of calcium and vitamin D (p= 0.002 for calcium and p= 0.008 for vitamin D). No association of the consumption of calcium and vitamin D was found in the regression models. Conclusions: Consumption of calcium and vitamin D is deficient in the Costa Rican urban population, and more prevalent among those with higher BMI. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2024(AU)

Estado conyugal asociado a perímetro abdominal en adultos peruanos, 2022 / Marital status associated with abdominal circumference in Peruvian adults, 2022

Introducción. La convivencia o matrimonio puede conllevar a cambios en los patrones alimenticios y actividad física, afectando parámetros antropométricos como el perímetro abdominal. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el estado conyugal y el perímetro abdominal en adultos peruanos. Metodología. Estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal a partir de datos de la encuesta nacional de salud familiar. La población fue de 29206 adultos desde los 18 años. Las variables fueron: estado conyugal, sexo y perímetro abdominal. Se usó las pruebas Ji-cuadrado, V de Cramer, Odds Ratio y razón de prevalencias crudo y ajustado mediante regresión logística binaria, y regresión de Poisson, respectivamente, siendo las variables de ajuste: consumo de alcohol, etnia, lengua materna, nivel educativo, índice de masa corporal, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica y edad. Resultados. El promedio de perímetro abdominal fue mayor en adultos con estado conyugal casado/conviviente en ambos sexos, llegando en el rango de riesgo. Las mujeres con estado conyugal casado/conviviente tuvieron altos porcentajes de perímetro abdominal de riesgo (85,30%) mientras que en hombres del grupo casado/conviviente fue más frecuente (57,70%)el perímetro normal. En el análisis multivariado mediante regresión logística binaria, las mujeres con el estado conyugal casado/conviviente tuvieron 2,39 veces mayor de perímetro abdominal de riesgo que las solteras con una prevalencia 1,42 veces mayor. En hombres casados/convivientes, la probabilidad de perímetro abdominal elevado fue 1,40 veces mayor que en solteros, con una prevalencia 1,31 veces mayor. Conclusión. El estado conyugal casado/conviviente está asociado a una mayor probabilidad de perímetro abdominal elevado en esta población. Palabras clave: estado civil; circunferencia de la cintura; sobrepeso; obesidad; persona soltera

Introduction. Cohabitation or marriage can lead to changes in eating patterns and physical activity, affecting anthropometric parameters such as abdominal perimeter. Objective.To determine the relationship between marital status and abdominal circumference in Peruvianadults. Methodology. Observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study based on data from the national family health survey. The population was 29,206 adults aged 18 and older. The variables were: marital status, sex, abdominal circumference. The Chi-square test, Cramer's V, Odds Ratio and crude and adjusted prevalence ratio were used through binary logistic regression and Poisson regression, respectively, where the adjustment variables were: alcohol consumption, ethnic group, mother tongue, educational level, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and age. Results.The average abdominal circumference was higher in married/cohabiting adults in both sexes, reaching the risk range. Married/cohabiting women had highpercentages of at-risk abdominal circumference (85.30%) while in men in the married/cohabiting group the normal circumference was more frequent (57.70%). In the multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, women whose marital status was married/cohabiting had a 2.39 times greater probability of abdominal circumference at risk than single women a prevalence of 1.42 times higher. In married/cohabiting men, the probability of a high abdominal circumference was 1.40 times higher than in single men, with a prevalence 1.31 times higher. Conclusion.Married/cohabiting marital status is associated with a greater probability of high abdominal circumference in thispopulation. Key words: marital status; waist circumference; overweight; obesity; single person

Comparison of clinical outcomes and presence of nephropathy and/or retinopathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity and overweight versus those with normal Body Mass Index: A cross-sectional study

Background@#This study aimed to determine the differences in glycemic control, metabolic parameters (blood pressure control, triglycerides, LDL, HDL) and the presence of nephropathy and/or retinopathy between obese and overweight versus normal body mass index (BMI) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM). @*Methodology@#This is an analytic cross-sectional study of T2DM patients from outpatient clinics at St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City. Available medical records and laboratory tests were reviewed. Data were analyzed and compared between those overweight and obese versus those with normal BMI based on Asia Pacific Guidelines.@*Results@#A total of 248 patients with T2DM were included in the study. More patients who are obese and overweight have uncontrolled diabetes (p = 0.011), low HDL (p = 0.037) and nephropathy (p = 0.027) compared to those with normal BMI. There were no significant difference between overweight and obese patients versus those with normal BMI with regards to BP control, high LDL, high triglycerides and retinopathy.@*Conclusion@#T2DM patients who are obese and overweight have a significantly higher prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes, low HDL and nephropathy compared to those with normal BMI.

The association between body mass index and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events in patients with acute coronary syndrome / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study, which was based on the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China (CCC) project. The hospitalized patients with ACS aged between 18 and 80 years, registered in CCC project from November 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 were included. The included patients were categorized into four groups based on their BMI at the time of admission: underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2). Multivariate logistic regression models was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and the risk of in-hospital MACCE. Results: A total of 71 681 ACS inpatients were included in the study. The age was (63.4±14.7) years, and 26.5% (18 979/71 681) were female. And the incidence of MACCE for the underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese groups were 14.9% (322/2 154), 9.5% (3 997/41 960), 7.9% (1 908/24 140) and 7.0% (240/3 427), respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a higher incidence of MACCE in the underweight group compared to the normal weight group (OR=1.30, 95%CI 1.13-1.49, P<0.001), while the overweight and obese groups exhibited no statistically significant difference in the incidence of MACCE compared to the normal weight group (both P>0.05). Conclusion: ACS patients with BMI below normal have a higher risk of in-hospital MACCE, suggesting that BMI may be an indicator for evaluating short-term prognosis in ACS patients.

The association between body mass index and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events in patients with acute coronary syndrome / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study, which was based on the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China (CCC) project. The hospitalized patients with ACS aged between 18 and 80 years, registered in CCC project from November 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 were included. The included patients were categorized into four groups based on their BMI at the time of admission: underweight (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2). Multivariate logistic regression models was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and the risk of in-hospital MACCE. Results: A total of 71 681 ACS inpatients were included in the study. The age was (63.4±14.7) years, and 26.5% (18 979/71 681) were female. And the incidence of MACCE for the underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese groups were 14.9% (322/2 154), 9.5% (3 997/41 960), 7.9% (1 908/24 140) and 7.0% (240/3 427), respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a higher incidence of MACCE in the underweight group compared to the normal weight group (OR=1.30, 95%CI 1.13-1.49, P<0.001), while the overweight and obese groups exhibited no statistically significant difference in the incidence of MACCE compared to the normal weight group (both P>0.05). Conclusion: ACS patients with BMI below normal have a higher risk of in-hospital MACCE, suggesting that BMI may be an indicator for evaluating short-term prognosis in ACS patients.

Tabagismo e estado nutricional da criança no primeiro ano de vida / Smoking and nutritional status of children in the first year of life

Introdução - A gestação é o fator decisório para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança ao longo da vida, a qual pode haver problemas ocasionados, sobretudo, pelo tabagismo materno. O ato de fumar envolve a absorção de centenas de substâncias tóxicas que influencia desde o ventre até a fase adulta, no risco de desenvolver patologias como sobrepeso e obesidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional de filhos de mulheres fumantes na gestação e comparar com os filhos de mulheres não fumantes durante o primeiro ano de vida. Métodos: Estudo do tipo transversal incluído em estudo epidemiológico do tipo coorte (projeto FAPESP 2015/03333-6), realizado na cidade de Araraquara e região, envolvendo gestantes atendidas em 34 Unidades Básicas de Saúde e na Maternidade Municipal "Gota de Leite". As mulheres foram acompanhadas durante a gestação e posteriormente, os respectivos filhos também foram avaliados até 12 meses de idade (binômio mãe fumante-filho: 55 e binômio mãe não fumante-filho: 960). O estado nutricional das crianças foi avaliado pelo z-escore de IMC/idade. Todas as crianças foram avaliadas imediatamente após o nascimento, e no 1º, 3º, 6º 9º e 12 º mês. O teste qui- quadrado de Pearson e t de Student foram utilizados para comparar amostras as variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas com a variável de interesse. Para avaliar a diferença do tempo segundo o z-escore do IMC/idade aos meses 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 e a diferença intragrupos (fumou e não fumou) foi realizada análise de variância (ANOVA) com medidas repetidas, seguida de pós-teste de Sidak. Resultados: Verificou-se: 7,7% das mulheres fumaram na gestação; em relação à idade houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos, apresentando-se em sua maioria entre 20 a 34 anos; quanto à escolaridade, os grupos apresentaram significância estatística, e boa parte tinham escolaridade entre 9 e 11 anos de estudo; a média de renda per capita no grupo de mães fumantes foi R$ 506,45 e no grupo de mães não fumantes foi R$ 770,22 (p<0,005). Quanto as características das crianças, a média de peso e comprimento ao nascer dos filhos de mães fumantes foi de 3096,70g e 48,12cm, respectivamente, e no grupo de filhos de mães não fumantes foi de 3285,63g e 49,30cm, respectivamente (p<0,005). Verificou-se que as médias de IMC/I z-escore entre os meses 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 no grupo filhos de mães fumantes não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,143) e no grupo de filhos de mães não fumantes houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,005); e na comparação intergrupos de médias de IMC/I z-escore não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,293). Conclusão: Dessa forma conclui-se que não houve associação entre o tabagismo materno na gestação e as médias de de IMC/I entre os meses 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12, nesta população.

Introduction - Pregnancy is a decisive factor for the child's growth and development throughout life, and there can be problems caused, above all, by maternal smoking. Smoking involves the absorption of hundreds of toxic substances that influence the risk of developing pathologies such as overweight and obesity, from the womb to adulthood. Objective: To assess the nutritional status of the children of women who smoke during pregnancy and compare this with the children of women who don't smoke during the first year of life. Methods: Cross-sectional study included in a cohort epidemiological study (FAPESP project 2015/03333-6), carried out in the city of Araraquara and region, involving pregnant women treated in 34 Basic Health Units and in the Municipal Maternity "Gota de Leite". The women were monitored during pregnancy and subsequently, their children were also evaluated up to 12 months of age (smoking mother-child binomial: 55 and non-smoking mother-child binomial: 960). The children's nutritional status was assessed using the BMI/age z-score. All children were evaluated immediately after birth, and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month. Pearson's chi-square test and Student's t test were used to compare socioeconomic and demographic variables with the variable of interest. To evaluate the time difference according to the BMI/age z-score at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 and the intragroup difference (smoked and did not smoke), analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was performed, followed by Sidak post-test. Results: It was found that 7.7% of the women had smoked during pregnancy; with regard to age, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, most of whom were between 20 and 34 years old; with regard to schooling, the groups were statistically significant and most had between 9 and 11 years of schooling; the average per capita income in the group of mothers who smoked was R$ 506.45 and in the group of mothers who did not smoke was R$ 770.22 (p<0.005). As for the children's characteristics, the average birth weight and length of the children of smoking mothers was 3096.70g and 48.12cm, respectively, and in the group of children of non-smoking mothers it was 3285.63g and 49.30cm, respectively (p<0.005). The mean BMI/A z-score between months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 in the group of children of smoking mothers showed no statistically significant difference (p<0.143) and in the group of children of non-smoking mothers there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.005); and in the inter-group comparison of mean BMI/A z-score there was no statistically significant difference (p<0.293). Conclusion: It follows that there was no association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the mean BMI/A between months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 in this population.

Enfrentamento do estigma relacionado ao peso corporal no cuidado em saúde: impactos de um curso educativo em profissionais de saúde / Tackling weight stigma in healthcare: impacts of an educational course on health care professionals

Introdução:O estigma relacionado ao peso corporal, presente entre profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde, prejudica a saúde e o cuidado de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade, e deve ser combatido. Objetivo:Este artigo visa relatar os resultados obtidos por meio da aplicação de um curso educativo sobre estigma relacionado ao peso corporal e o cuidado em saúde. Métodos:A aplicação ocorreu com 11 profissionais de saúde e teve desenho misto. No componente quantitativo, foi realizada análise estatística dos resultados iniciais e finais obtidos por meio da Escala de Atitudes Antiobesidade (AFAT), com realização de teste t pareado (nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05). No componente qualitativo, foi realizada análise de conteúdo temática de uma atividade final dissertativa sobre ideias que ficaram marcadas a partir do curso. Feedbacksestruturados a respeito da qualidade do material foram preenchidos. Resultados:As análises estatísticas não identificaram alterações entre os valores iniciais e finais da AFAT (p >0,05), com escore geral médio inicial de 0,418 e final de 0,419. Cinco temas emergiram da análise de conteúdo, os quais demonstram aprendizagem quanto à multifatorialidade da obesidade; reconhecimento de implicações interseccionais; compreensão dos impactos do estigma no cuidado em saúde; estímulo ao pensamento crítico; e considerações sobre o curso, no geral, bem avaliado de forma consistente. Conclusão:O instrumento quantitativo não indicou mudança; contudo, as análises qualitativas demonstram que o curso promoveu compreensão ampliada sobre os temas discutidos, bem como a reflexão e a autocrítica das/os profissionais.

Introduction:Weight stigma, present among health professionals and students, harms the health and healthcare of people with overweight and obesity and must be combated. Objective:This article aims to report the results obtained through a test application of an educational course on weight stigma and healthcare. Methods:The test was carried out with 11 healthcare professionals and had a mixed design. In the quantitative component, statistical analysis was carried out on the initial and final results obtained using theAntifat Attitudes Scale (AFAT), with a paired t test (significance level of p ≤ 0.05). In the qualitative component, a thematic content analysis was carried out with data produced in a final dissertation activity about ideas that were highlighted from thecourse. Structured feedback regarding the quality of the material was completed. Results:Statistical analyzes did not identify changes between initial and final AFAT values (p >0.05), with an initial overall average score of 0.418 and final of 0.419. Five themes emerged from the content analysis, which demonstrate learning regarding the multifactorial nature of obesity; recognition of intersectional implications; understanding of impacts of stigma on health care; stimulation of critical thinking; and considerations about the course, overall, consistently well evaluated. Conclusion: The quantitative instrument did not indicate change, however, qualitative analysis indicated that the course promoted expanded understanding of the topics discussed, as well as reflection and self-criticism by professionals.

Prevalence of malnutrition in children under five years old in Beira city, Mozambique, 2019 / Prevalência da má nutrição em crianças menores de cinco anos na cidade da Beira, Moçambique, 2019

Abstract Objectives: to describe the prevalence of malnutrition (underweight, low height, and overweight) in children aged six to 59 months and its spatial distribution in the city of Beira, Mozambique. Methods: an exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2019, involving 407 children aged six to 59 months. The sample size calculation was based on the prevalence of height-for-age deficit. Anthropometric data were analyzed using Anthro version and the prevalence of malnutrition was presented through thematic maps generated in Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). Results: the main findings revealed a prevalence of 27.0% for low height/age, 7.9% for underweight/height, and 4.7% for overweight. Conclusions: the spatial distribution highlighted that both urban and peri-urban areas of the city showed similar prevalence rates for the three forms of malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition in Beira is high, with deficit height/age being the most significant expression, while overweight is diffusely distributed.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever a prevalência da má nutrição (baixo peso, baixa estatura e excesso de peso) em crianças de seis a 59 meses e sua distribuição espacial na cidade de Beira, Moçambique. Métodos: estudo transversal exploratório, realizado entre outubro e novembro de 2019, incluindo 407 crianças de seis a 59 meses. O cálculo da amostra foi baseado na prevalência do déficit estatura/idade. Os dados antropométricos foram analisados no Anthro e a prevalência de má nutrição apresentada por meio de mapas temáticos no Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). Resultados: os principais resultados mostram uma prevalência de 27,0% de baixa estatura/idade, 7,9% de baixo peso/estatura e 4,7% de excesso de peso. Conclusões: a distribuição espacial evidenciou que as áreas urbanas e periurbanas da cidade apresentavam prevalências similares das três formas de má nutrição. A prevalência da má nutrição em Beira é alta, embora o déficit estatura/idade seja a sua maior expressão, estando o excesso de peso difusamente distribuído.

Efeito da ingestão do suco de uva integral sobre a migração de leucócitos em mulheres com sobrepeso. Participação da delfinidina-3-glicosídeo como potencial modulador do perfil inflamatório e da migração celular / Effect of whole grape juice intake on leukocyte migration in overweight women. Participation of delphinidin-3-glycoside as a potential modulator of inflammatory profile and cell migration

Concentrações aumentadas de tecido adiposo corporal observadas no sobrepeso e obesidade, podem gerar a produção de diversos mediadores inflamatórios com ação direta ou indireta em influenciar a capacidade de proliferação e diferenciação das células hematopoéticas e, consequentemente, a complexa regulação que envolve os processos de migração celular. Sabe-se que o recrutamento contínuo de leucócitos durante vários estágios do processo inflamatório apresenta importante papel na gênese desse processo, participando intensamente na perpetuação da inflamação. Na literatura, vários estudos demostraram acapacidade anti-inflamatória das antocianinas sobre vários órgãos; contudo poucos estudos avaliam a influência das antocianinas sobre a migração celular. As antocianinas pertencem à ampla classe dos flavonoides que estão presentes em uma ampla variedade de frutas, vegetais e bebidas e são os compostos responsáveis pelas cores azul, violeta e vermelha desses alimentos. Sendo assim, pretende-se nesse estudo avaliar o efeito da delfinidina-3-glicosídeo, uma antocianina presente em abundância em diversas frutas com destaque para o suco de uva integral, sobre os processos de migração leucocitária. Para tanto esse trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas: (i) uma realizada em pacientes com sobrepeso que consumiram suco de uva integral e (ii) uma segunda etapa, in vitro, onde foi avaliado o efeito da delfinidina-3-glicosídeo sobre mecanismos envolvidos na modulação dos processos de migração leucocitária. Na etapa inicial com estudos in vivo, foram avaliados parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos, bem como a expressão de moléculas de adesão de células polimorfonucleares do sangue periférico e a quantificação de citocinas inflamatórias e alguns genes envolvidos nos processos de inflamação e migração celular. Na primeira etapa, a ingestão de suco de uva não alterou o perfil lipídico/inflamatório ou a contagem de leucócitos, entretanto, reduziu os valores circulantes de sICAM e sVCAM. Na segunda etapa, os resultados in vitro mostraram que a delfinidina reduziu a taxa de migração e a expressão de células CD11/CD18 positivas, reduziu a expressão gênica de ICAM-1 e a fosforilação e expressão gênica de NFkB, reduzindo também a produção de IL-6, IL-8 e CCL2

Increased concentrations of body adipose tissue observed in overweight and obesity may generate the production of several inflammatory mediators that can act directly or indirectly on the hematopoietic cells capacity of proliferation and differentiation and, consequently, the complex regulation that involves the processes of cell migration. It is known that the continuous recruitment of leukocytes during various stages of the inflammatory process plays an important role in the genesis of this process, intensely participating in the perpetuation of inflammation. In the literature, several studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory capacity of anthocyanins on various organs; however, few studies have evaluated the influence of anthocyanins on cell migration. Anthocyanins belong to the broad class of flavonoids that are present in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables and beverages and are the compounds responsible for the blue, violet and red colors of these foods. Thus, this study intends to evaluate the effect of delphinidin-3-glycoside, an anthocyanin present in abundance in several fruits, especially whole grape juice, on leukocyte migration processes. Therefore, this study was divided into two stages: (i) one performed in overweight patients who consumed whole grape juice and (ii) a second stage, in vitro, where the effect of delphinidin-3-glycoside on mechanisms involved in the modulation of leukocyte migration processes was evaluated. In the initial stage with in vivo studies, biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated, as well as the expression of adhesion molecules of polymorphonuclear cells of peripheral blood and the quantification of inflammatory cytokines and some genes involved in the processes of inflammation and cell migration. In the first stage, the intake of grape juice did not alter the lipid/inflammatory profile or the leukocyte count, however, it reduced the circulating values of sICAM and sVCAM. In the second step, in vitro results showed that delphinidine reduced the migration rate and expression of CD11/CD18 positive cells, reduced ICAM-1 gene expression and NFkB phosphorylation and gene expression, and also reduced IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 production

Evidências de validade do Food Cravings Questionnaire Trait-reduced (FCQ T-r) / Evidences of validity of the Food Cravings Questionnaire Trait-reduced (FCQ T-r) / Evidencia de validez del Cuestionario De Antojos de Alimentos con Rasgos Reducidos (FCQ T-r)

O desejo por alimentos desempenha um papel importante na neurobiologia do comportamento alimentar. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Food Cravings Questionnaire Trait-reduced (FCQ T-r), questionário composto por 15 itens com alternativas de respostas do tipo Likert. Em uma amostra do Sul do Brasil composta de 491 adultos, sendo 440 (89,6% mulheres) com idades entre 18 e 77 anos, dos quais a escolaridade de nível superior se destacou, 52,3% (n = 257). O FCQ T-r demonstrou excelente confiabilidade com alpha de Cronbach de 0,94, para uma estrutura unifatorial evidenciada pela análise fatorial exploratória, resultado que corrobora com o gráfico scree plot. Desta forma, há evidências que apontam para o uso de uma pontuação total para esta escala. Seu rápido preenchimento (15 itens) o torna um instrumento útil na prática clínica para avaliar a compulsão alimentar. Conclui-se que a versão brasileira do FCQ T-r é uma medida válida e precisa no contexto brasileiro, possibilitando pesquisas futuras na área

Food craving plays an important role in the neurobiology of eating behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire Trait-reduced (FCQ T-r), a 15-item questionnaire with Likert-type answer alternatives. In a sample from the South of Brazil composed of 491 adults, 440 (89.6% women) aged between 18 and 77 years, of which higher education level stood out, 52.3% (n = 257). The FCQ T-r showed excellent reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.94, for a unifactorial structure evidenced by exploratory factor analysis, a result that corroborates the scree plot. Thus, there is evidence pointing to the use of a total score for this scale. Its rapid completion (15 items) makes it a useful instrument in clinical practice to assess binge eating. It is concluded that the Brazilian version of the FCQ T-r is a valid and accurate measure in the Brazilian context, allowing future research in the area

El deseo de comer juega un papel importante en la neurobiología de la conducta alimentaria. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Cuestionario de Antojos de Alimentos con Rasgos Reducidos (FCQ T-r), un cuestionario tipo Likert. En una muestra del sur de Brasil compuesta por 491 adultos, 440 (89,6% mujeres) entre 18 y 77 años, de los cuales se destacó el nivel de educación superior, 52,3% (n = 257). El FCQ T-r mostró excelente confiabilidad con alfa de Cronbach de 0,94, para una estructura unifactorial evidenciada por análisis factorial exploratorio, resultado que corrobora el scree plot. Por lo tanto, hay evidencia que apunta al uso de una puntuación total para esta escala. Su rápida cumplimentación (15 ítems) lo convierte en un instrumento útil en la práctica clínica para evaluar los atracones. Se concluye que la versión brasileña del FCQ T-r es una medida válida y precisa en el contexto brasileño, permitiendo futuras investigaciones en el área

Skeletal muscle mass obtained by anthropometric equation and presence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women

Abstract Objective: To analyze the amount of muscle and the presence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women using different methods, verifying the agreement between them as to skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years. SMM was obtained from a predictive equation, Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA), and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were calculated. The cut-off point of SMI was determined for the population itself. The agreement between the SMI obtained using the different methods was verified. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). The significance level adopted for all tests was 5.0%. Results: A total of 112 women were evaluated, with an average age of 66.1 ± 5.65 years. Among them, 51.8% were sufficiently active and 43.8% were overweight and obese. The SMI cut-offs were 6.46 kg/m2 for the predictive equation and 7.66 kg/m2 for BIA, with high sensitivity and specificity. There was an excellent agreement in the identification of SMM by the predictive equation (0.89 [0.824-0.917], p < 0.001) and BIA (0.92 [0.883-0.945], p < 0.001), in reference to DXA. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 0.9%, 1.8%, and 2.7% according to BIA, DXA, and the predictive equation, respectively. Conclusion: The predictive equation showed the expected agreement in estimating skeletal muscle mass in postmenopausal women, offering a viable and accurate alternative.

Changes in food consumption and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Brazilian adults between 2008 and 2018 / Mudanças no consumo alimentar e na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adultos brasileiros entre 2008 e 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To assess dietary intake and weight status changes among Brazilian adults. Methods In this dietary survey, data from the food consumption modules of the 2008-2009 (n=21,003 adults) and the 2017-2018 (n=28,153 adults) Household Budget Survey were evaluated to estimate the mean consumption (g/day) of 20 food groups. The body mass index was calculated to classify the weight status of adults and estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Differences between surveys were identified when the 95% confidence intervals were not interspersed. All analyses were stratified by gender and considered the sample weight and the complexity of the sample design. Results The prevalence of overweight increased both among men (38.4%; 95% CI: 36.8-40.0, in 2008-2009 vs. 42.2%; 95% CI: 40.9-43.5, in 2017-2018) and women (29.5%; 95% CI: 58.0-30.9 vs. 35.2%; 95% CI: 34.0-36.4, respectively). Mean consumption of poultry and eggs (57.6g/day vs. 77.9 g/day in men and 43.5g/day vs. 57.3g/day in women, p<0.05) and fast foods (31.3g/day vs. and 48.7g/day in men and 25.3g/day in 2008-2009 vs. 34.8g/day in women, p<0.05) increased between the two surveys, while the mean consumption of rice, beans, fruits, coffee and tea, fish and seafood, processed meats, milk and dairy products, sweets and desserts, sugary drinks, and soups declined. Conclusion The Brazilian food consumption pattern follows the increased prevalence of overweight and reinforces the need to encourage healthy patterns that revive our country's food culture and eating habits.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar as mudanças no consumo alimentar e status de peso de adultos no Brasil. Métodos Neste inquérito dietético, foram avaliados dados dos blocos de consumo alimentar das Pesquisas de Orçamento Familiar dos anos 2008-2009 (n=21.003 adultos) e 2017-2018 (n=28.153 adultos) para estimar a média de consumo (g/dia) de 20 grupos de alimentos. O índice de massa corporal foi calculado para classificar o status de peso dos adultos e estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade. Diferenças entre os inquéritos foram identificadas quando os intervalos de 95% de confiança não se intercalaram. Todas as análises foram realizadas separadamente por sexo e consideraram o peso amostral e a complexidade do desenho amostral. Resultados A prevalência de sobrepeso aumentou tanto entre homens (38,4%; intervalo de confiança 95%: 36,8-40,0, em 2008-2009 vs 42,2%; intervalo de confiança 95%: 40,9-43,5, em 2017-2018) como entre mulheres (29,5%; intervalo de confiança 95%: 58,0-30,9 vs 35,2%; intervalo de confiança 95%: 34,0-36,4, respectivamente). A média de consumo de frango e ovos (57,6g/dia vs. 77,9 g/dia, em homens e 43,5g/dia vs. 57,3g/dia, em mulheres, p<0,05) e fast foods (31,3g/dia vs. e 48,7g/dia, em homens e 25,3g/dia em 2008-2009 vs. 34,8g/dia, em mulheres, p<0,05) aumentou entre os dois inquéritos, enquanto a média de consumo de arroz, feijão, frutas, café e chá, peixes e frutos do mar, carnes processadas, leite e derivados, doces e sobremesas, bebidas açucaradas e sopas diminuiu. Conclusão As mudanças no padrão de consumo da dieta brasileira acompanham o aumento nas prevalências de sobrepeso e reforçam a necessidade de se estimular padrões saudáveis que resgatem a cultura alimentar e hábitos alimentares de nosso país.

Repercussões da Covid-19 na percepção de mudanças de peso e satisfação corporal: comparação entre mulheres com e sem transtornos alimentares / Impacts of Covid-19 on weight change perception and body satisfaction: a comparison between women with and without eating disorders

Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe consequências diversas para a saúde mental e física das pessoas. O contexto de isolamento social potencializou problemas relacionados à imagem corporal, principalmente em pessoas com transtornos alimentares. Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões da Covid-19 em variáveis antropométricas em relação a percepção de peso e satisfação corporal, comparando mulheres com transtornos alimentares e aquelas sem essa condição. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, comparativo e transversal. Mulheres com transtornos alimentares em tratamento (GTA) foram recrutadas de cinco serviços nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. A contrapartida, o grupo controle (GCO) foi composto por mulheres sem TA, recrutadas on-line e com o escore negativo no teste EAT-26. Questionários on-line foram aplicados entre junho de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Análises estatísticas incluíram Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher e regressões logísticas pelo SPSS 23.0. Resultados: Participaram 174 mulheres jovens (31,94±9,35 anos), com formação superior (71,3%) e companheiro (61,5%), que estavam em isolamento social. O GTA foi composto por 58 mulheres e GCO, 116. A maioria (55,2%) do GTA notou aumento do peso corporal, enquanto se mostrou pouco satisfeita com a imagem corporal (81%), resultado diferente estatisticamente do GCO. A associação entre mulheres com TA e pouca satisfação corporal foi significativa (p=0,0010). Aquelas em isolamento social e com sobrepeso ou obesidade tiveram maior probabilidade de percepção de aumento de peso. Conclusão: A pandemia da Covid-19 intensificou a insatisfação corporal, principalmente entre mulheres com transtornos alimentares. Aquelas em isolamento com sobrepeso ou obesidade perceberam mais aumento de peso, apontando a necessidade de estratégias de intervenção para esses grupos.

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic led to various consequences for people's mental and physical health. The context of social isolation exacerbated problems related to body image, especially in individuals with eating disorders. Objective: To analyze the repercussions of Covid-19 on anthropometric variables regarding weight perception and body satisfaction, comparing women with eating disorders to those without this condition. Methods: Observational, descriptive, comparative, and cross-sectional study. Women with eating disorders in treatment (EDG) were recruited from five services in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil. The counterpart, the control group (CG), consisted of women without eating disorders recruited online and with a negative score on the EAT-26 test. Online questionnaires were applied between June 2020 and January 2021. Statistical analyses included Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test and logistic regressions, performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: Participants were 174 young women (31.94±9.35 years of age), with higher education (71.3%) and with a partner (61.5%), who were in social isolation. The EDG consisted of 58 women, with116 in the CG. The majority (55.2%) of the EDG noticed an increase in body weight while being dissatisfied with body image (81.0%), a statistically different result from the CG. The association between women with eating disorders and low body satisfaction was significant (p=.0010). Those in social isolation and overweight or obese were more likely to perceive weight gain. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic intensified body dissatisfaction, especially among women with eating disorders. Those in isolation who were overweight or obese perceived more weight gain, indicating the need for intervention strategies for these groups.