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El dolor oncológico severo ocurre hasta en el 60% de los pacientes con cáncer pélvico, siendo refractario al tratamiento médico hasta en el 30% de los casos. Las presentaciones pueden incluir un síndrome de dolor visceral pélvico, una plexopatía lumbosacra maligna, dolor por metástasis óseas sacroilíacas y dolor pélvico posquirúrgico crónico. Se han desarrollado terapias intervencionales mínimamente invasivas para tratar el dolor, que en etapas tempranas en pacientes con dolor no controlado mejoran su condición de salud, mejoran su rendimiento para enfrentar la enfermedad y su tratamiento, y evitan o retrasan la escalada de opioides con sus efectos adversos asociados. Se requiere estandarizar las técnicas, mejorar la calidad de los ensayos clínicos y desarrollar guías de práctica clínica en un trabajo conjunto con oncología.

Severe cancer pain occurs in up to 60% of patients with abdominopelvic cancer, being refractory to medical management in up to 30% of cases. Presentations may include pelvic visceral pain syndromes, malignant lumbosacral plexopathy, sacroiliac bone metastasis pain, and chronic pelvic post-surgical pain. Minimally invasive interventional therapies have been developed to treat pain, which in early stages in patients with uncontrolled pain improve their health condition, improve their performance in coping with the disease and its treatment, and prevent or delay the escalation of opioids with their associated side effects. It is necessary to standardize the techniques, improve the quality of clinical trials and develop clinical practice guidelines in a joint effort with oncology.

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El dolor crónico posterior a cirugía torácica es una entidad frecuente, pudiendo llegar a afectar a un 60% de los pacientes sometidos a este tipo de cirugías, con el consiguiente deterioro en su calidad de vida. El principal factor de riesgo para la aparición de éste es la presencia y severidad del dolor agudo postquirúrgico; por lo cual, es de vital importancia la prevención y el tratamiento eficaz de este último. Es por esta razón que la implementación de estrategias para el manejo del dolor agudo, tales como la analgesia multimodal y la analgesia preventiva, juegan un rol importante en el manejo de estos pacientes. Dentro del manejo podemos destacar también el uso de técnicas de analgesia neuroaxial, como la analgesia epidural torácica y técnicas de analgesia regionales, como el bloqueo paravertebral, bloqueos intercostales y los bloqueos del plano o miofascial. La analgesia regional ha cobrado gran interés en los últimos años debido a una eficacia comparable a la anestesia epidural torácica, pero con menos efectos adversos y complicaciones. Finalmente, el uso adecuado y criterioso de las técnicas antes señaladas permitirán un manejo exitoso de nuestros pacientes.

Chronic pain after thoracic surgery is a frequent entity, affecting up to 60% of patients undergoing this type of surgery, with the consequent deterioration in their quality of life. The main risk factor for the appearance of this is the presence and severity of acute post-surgical pain; Therefore, the prevention and effective treatment of the latter is of vital importance. For this reason, the implementation of strategies for the management of acute pain, such as multimodal analgesia and preventive analgesia, play an important role in the management of these patients. Within management we can also highlight the use of neuraxial analgesia techniques, such as thoracic epidural analgesia and regional analgesia techniques such as paravertebral block, intercostal blocks and plane or myofascial blocks. Regional analgesia has gained great interest in recent years due to efficacy comparable to thoracic epidural anesthesia, but with fewer adverse effects and complications. Finally, the proper and judicious use of the techniques will allow a successful management of our patients.

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La córnea es el tejido más densamente inervado de nuestro organismo, debido a ello, las patologías que la afectan generan habitualmente dolor intenso. La cirugía refractiva induce una noxa sobre ésta, la que puede inducir dolor de cuantía importante. En este artículo de revisión, se analizan las diferentes alternativas terapéuticas disponibles para el manejo del dolor agudo post quirúrgico, sus beneficios, las tasas de éxito en el manejo del dolor; como también los efectos adversos que éstas pudiesen producir. Las variadas estrategias disponibles llevan a la conclusión que una estrategia multimodal sería la más recomendada para beneficiar a los pacientes sometidos a una cirugía oftalmológica refractiva de córnea.

The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue in our body, due to this, the pathologies that affect it usually generate intense pain. Refractive surgery induces noxa on it, which can induce significant pain. In this review article, the different therapeutic alternatives available for the management of acute post-surgical pain, their benefits, success rates in pain management are analyzed; as well as the adverse effects that they could produce. The various strategies available lead to the conclusion that a multimodal strategy would be the most recommended to benefit patients undergoing corneal refractive ophthalmological surgery.

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: La colecistectomía es una intervención quirúrgica que se realiza para extraer una vesícula biliar patológica. El postquirúrgico genera dolor en su periodo inmediato. La infiltración de la pared abdominal en los sitios de inserción de los trocares con anestésicos locales con aguja intramuscular al comienzo de la cirugía es una práctica que se realiza de manera rápida y segura. Lugar de Aplicación: Servicio de Cirugía General. Sala 3/5. Hospital Nacional de Clínicas. UNC. Córdoba. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio entre julio del 2022 a julio 2023. Fueron operados 50 pacientes, entre 18 y 80 años de colecistectomías laparoscópicas. De ellos, 17 eran masculinos y 33 femeninos. El estudio fue comparar el dolor postquirúrgico en pacientes con infiltración y sin infiltración peritoneal. Determinar en cuantos pacientes se presentó dolor en el lugar del trocar umbilical y en zona de drenaje si se les coloco. Valorar en que tiempo del postquirúrgico inmediato es más efectiva la analgesia. Resultados: Los pacientes que sí fueron infiltrados corresponden al 44%. Estos con infiltración presentan menor proporción de dolor inmediato, y la relación entre las variables es estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). Además, los pacientes con infiltración presentan menor proporción de dolor a la semana postquirúrgica, y menor proporción de consumo de AINES. Así mismo presentan menor proporción de dolor en trocar, como menor proporción de dolor en zona de drenaje. Conclusión: Podemos concluir que la infiltración de los orificios de trocares antes de la incisión de piel es una práctica útil que debería ser sistemática para mejorar el dolor postquirúrgico del paciente y en consecuencia su recuperación postquirúrgica más rápida

Cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove a pathological gallbladder. The post-surgical period generates pain in its immediate period. Infiltration of the abdominal wall at trocar insertion sites with intramuscular needle local anesthetics at the beginning of surgery is a practice that is performed quickly and safely. Desing: General Surgery Service. Room 3/5. National Hospital of Clinics. UNC. Córdoba. Methods: A study was conducted between July 2022 and July 2023. 50 patients were operated on, between 18 and 80 years of laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Of these, 17 were male and 33 females. The study was to compare postoperative pain in patients with and without peritoneal infiltration. To determine how many patients had pain at the site of the umbilical trocar and in the drainage area if they were placed. To assess at what time of the immediate postoperative period analgesia is most effective. Results: The patients who were infiltrated correspond to 44%. Those with infiltration have a lower proportion of immediate pain, and the relationship between the variables is statistically significant (p<0.05). In addition, patients with infiltration have a lower proportion of pain at the postoperative week, and a lower proportion of NSAID consumption. They also have a lower proportion of pain in the trocar, as well as a lower proportion of pain in the drainage area. Conclusion: We can conclude that the infiltration of the trocar orifices before the skin incision is a useful practice that should be systematic to improve the patient's postoperative pain and consequently their faster postoperative recovery

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La aplicación de crioterapia en endodoncia consta de la irrigación con solución salina a temperaturas bajas con la finalidad de reducir el dolor post-operatorio en un tratamiento de conducto radicular. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la reducción térmica de la superficie radicular externa a través de la crioterapia intracanal según temperatura y tiempo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó su limpieza y desinfección con hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) al 4 %, se procedió con apertura cameral, preparación biomecánica e irrigación final con hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) al 2,5 % y EDTA 17 % activándolo manualmente con un cono de gutapercha Nº 40 a 100 ciclos en 1 minuto. Se dividieron los treinta premolares monorradiculares en 3 intervenciones de irrigaciones diferentes usando solución salina a temperatura ambiente para el grupo control (GC), solución salina a temperatura 1.5 C° para el grupo 1 (G1), y solución salina a temperatura 4 C° para el grupo 2 (G2) con registro de temperatura a los 0, 1, 2 y 3 minutos post irrigación final. Resultados: Se encontró reducción térmica significativa en la superficie radicular externa de todos los grupos comparados en los diferentes tiempos y temperaturas criogénicas.

The application of cryotherapy in endodontics consists of irrigation with saline solution at low temperatures with the aim of reducing post-operative pain in root canal treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the thermal reduction of the external root surface through intracanal cryotherapy according to temperature and time. Materials and methods: Cleaning and disinfection was carried out with 4 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), proceeded with chamber opening, biomechanical preparation and final irrigation with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17 % EDTA, activating it manually with a gutta-percha cone No. 40 to 100 cycles in 1 minute. The thirty single-root premolars were divided into 3 different irrigation interventions using saline solution at room temperature for the control group (CG), saline solution at a temperature of 1.5 C° for group 1 (G1), and saline solution at a temperature of 4 C° for group 2 (G2) with temperature recording at 0, 1, 2 and 3 minutes after final irrigation. Results: Significant thermal reduction was found in the external root surface of all groups compared at different cryogenic times and temperatures.

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INTRODUCTION: To control edema, physical therapy employs several techniques, such as elastic bandages application - Kinesio tape (KT) - to block or drain subcutaneous body fluids, due to the secondary effects of its elastic properties. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect kinesio tape application on the lymphatic system during knee arthroscopy surgery. METHODS: Controlled clinical trial, with 28 patients, alternately divided into two groups (intervention and control) referred to arthroscopic surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries. Patients were evaluated in the preoperative and, on the 1st postoperative day, while the intervention group received KT application for the lymphatic system in the intraoperative period. RESULTS: The intervention group showed statistically significant results in the non-formation of edema, according to perimetric (Point 2: p=0.010, Point 3: p≤0.001 and Point 4: p≤0.001) and ultrasound (p=0.007) analyses when compared to the control group. On the other hand, pain (p=0.056) did not present a significant difference, but in the intragroup comparison pre and postoperative, a considerable reduction (p=0.002) was observed. CONCLUSION: KT application for the lymphatic system in the intraoperative period of knee arthroscopy effectively minimized edema formation and reduced pain.

INTRODUÇÃO: Com o objetivo de controle do edema, a fisioterapia dispõe de várias técnicas, dentre elas, sugere-se a aplicação de bandagem elástica ­ kinesiotape (KT), com o propósito de impedir o acúmulo ou drenar os fluidos corporais localizados no subcutâneo, devido aos efeitos secundários de suas propriedades elásticas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da aplicação da kinesiotape para o sistema linfático, no transoperatório de artroscopia de joelho. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico controlado, com 28 pacientes, divididos alternadamente em dois grupos (intervenção e controle), com indicação de tratamento cirúrgico por via artroscópica para lesões de ligamento cruzado anterior e/ou menisco. Os pacientes foram avaliados no pré-operatório e no 1º pós-operatório, sendo que o grupo intervenção recebeu aplicação da KT para o sistema linfático no período transoperatório. RESULTADOS: O grupo intervenção, comparado ao controle, apresentou resultados estatisticamente significativos na não formação do edema, pelos resultados perimétricos (Ponto 2: p=0,010; Ponto 3: p≤0,001; Ponto 4: p≤0,001) e ecográficos (p=0,007). Já o quadro álgico (p=0,056) não apresentou resultado significativo, porém, houve redução significativa na comparação intragrupo pré e pós (p=0,002). CONCLUSÃO: A KT para o sistema linfático aplicada no transoperatório foi eficaz na minimização da formação do edema e redução da dor.

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The discoid meniscus is a common congenital meniscal malformation that is prevalent mainly in Asians and often occurs in the lateral discoid meniscus. Patients with asymptomatic discoid meniscus are usually treated by conservative methods such as observation and injury avoidance, while patients with symptoms and tears need to be treated surgically. Arthroscopic saucerization combined with partial meniscectomy and meniscus repair is the most common surgical approach., and early to mid-term reports are good. The prognostic factors are the patient's age at surgery、follow-up time and type of surgery. Some patients experience complications such as prolonged postoperative knee pain, early osteoarthritis, retears and Osteochondritis dissecans. The incidence of prolonged postoperative knee pain was higher and the incidence of Osteochondritis dissecans was the lowest. Retears of the lateral meniscus is the main reason for reoperation.

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INTRODUCTION@#The use of periarticular (PA) tranexamic acid (TXA) and its efficacy in comparison with intra-articular (IA) TXA have not been well explored in the literature. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the effects of IA and PA TXA with analgesic components in reducing blood loss and improving immediate postoperative pain relief and functional outcomes in patients after unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).@*METHODS@#A total of 63 patients underwent TKA, and they were divided into the IA TXA delivery group ( n = 42) and PA TXA delivery group ( n = 21). All patients were administered 1 g of TXA. They also received pericapsular infiltration consisting of 0.5 mL of adrenaline, 0.4 mL of morphine, 1 g of vancomycin, 1 mL of ketorolac and 15 mL of ropivacaine. Outcomes for blood loss and surrogate markers for immediate functional recovery were measured.@*RESULTS@#Of the 63 patients, 54% were female and 46% male. The mean drop in postoperative haemoglobin levels in the PA and IA groups was 2.0 g/dL and 1.6 g/dL, respectively, and this was not statistically significant ( P = 0.10). The mean haematocrit drop in the PA and IA groups was 6.1% and 5.3%, respectively, and this was also not statistically significant ( P = 0.58). The postoperative day (POD) 1 and discharge day flexion angles, POD 1 and POD 2 visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, gait distance on discharge and length of hospitalisation stay were largely similar in the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study showed that both IA and PA TXA with analgesic components were equally efficient in reducing blood loss and improving immediate postoperative pain relief and functional outcomes.

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Introducción: La anestesia libre de opioides surge de las alternativas farmacológicas que permiten otra opción anestésica en el arsenal del anestesiólogo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de una técnica anestésica libre de opioides en el paciente intervenido con cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, prospectivo y longitudinal en 23 pacientes operados con anestesia general multimodal libre de opioides. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con un índice de masa corporal mayor o igual a 35 kg/m2, con estado físico ASA II y III. Se evaluó la analgesia posoperatoria e intraoperatoria como una necesidad de la analgesia de rescate en el tiempo de recuperación y los efectos adversos. Resultados: Se demostró que la edad promedio fue 38,19 ± 8,73 con un predominio en el sexo femenino, los pacientes fueron clasificados como ASA II y obesos grados III. Hubo una estabilidad hemodinámica intraoperatoria. El 82,6 % de los pacientes no presentaron dolor posoperatorio en las primeras 24 h. No se presentaron pacientes con dolor severo. Requirieron analgesia de rescate cinco pacientes (21,7 %) en posoperatorio, y las complicaciones fueron escasas sin repercusión clínica. El tiempo promedio para la extubación fue de 6,7 ± 0,8 min y la recuperación total de 29,6 ± 0,8 min. Conclusiones: La técnica multimodal libre de opioides resultó segura y efectiva, con un adecuado estado de analgesia perioperatoria y escasas complicaciones en los pacientes intervenido con cirugía bariátrica laparoscópica.

Introduction: Opioid-free anesthesia arises from pharmacological alternatives that allow another anesthetic option in the anesthesiologist's arsenal. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an opioid-free anesthetic technique in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Methods: An analytical, prospective and longitudinal observational study was carried out in 23 patients operated on with opioid-free multimodal general anesthesia. The patients studied were over 18 years of age, with a body mass index greater than or equal to 35 kg/m2, ASA physical status II and III. Postoperative and intraoperative analgesia were evaluated as a need for rescue analgesia in recovery time and adverse effects. Results: It was shown that the average age was 38.19 ± 8.73 with a predominance in the female sex, the patients were classified as ASA II and grade III obese. There was intraoperative hemodynamic stability. 82.6% of patients did not experience postoperative pain in the first 24 hours. There were no patients with severe pain. Five patients (21.7%) required rescue analgesia postoperatively, and complications were rare without clinical repercussions. The average time for extubation was 6.7 ± 0.8 min and total recovery was 29.6 ± 0.8 min. Conclusions: The opioid-free multimodal technique was safe and effective, with adequate state of perioperative analgesia and few complications in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

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Postoperative pain is a frequent complication after root canal treatment. Its management is an important aspect of endodontic practice. Some treatment-related parameters were associated with the development of postoperative pain, including the sealer composition and extrusion. Objective: This systematic review aimed to answer the clinical question: Do root canal sealers composition influence postoperative pain after endodontic treatment of permanent teeth? Material and Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, and grey literature databases until September 2021. The studies were qualitatively assessed using the RoB2 tool (Cochrane) and the certainty of evidence (GRADE). Sensitivity and pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Twelve articles were included. Results: The risk of bias was high in one study, low in nine, and two had some concerns. Qualitative analyses showed no influence of sealer extrusion on postoperative pain. Meta-analyses showed no significant difference in postoperative pain with moderate to very low levels of certainty between AH Plus and calcium silicate-based sealers, in a 95% confidence interval. Analysis between AH Plus, Zinc Oxide and Eugenol (ZOE), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)-based sealers were not performed due to heterogeneity and lack of data. Conclusion: Literature showed contrasting results in postoperative pain between AH Plus and ZOE-based sealers, with low to moderate certainty of evidence. Regarding Ca(OH)2-based sealers, a single study with a low level of certainty concluded that AH Plus presented less postoperative pain than Apexit Plus. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess the influence of these sealers on postoperative pain. Evidence showed no difference in postoperative pain between AH Plus and calcium silicate-based sealers. Sealer extrusion is a variable that requires further studies (AU)

A dor pós-operatória é uma complicação frequente após o tratamento endodôntico. O seu manejo é um importante aspecto na prática endodôntica. Algumas variáveis relacionados ao tratamento foram associados com o desenvolvimento da dor pós-operatória, incluindo a composição e extrusão dos cimentos endodônticos. Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática objetivou responder a seguinte pergunta clínica: A composição dos cimentos endodônticos podem influenciar a dor pós-operatória de dentes permanentes tratados endodonticamente?Material e Métodos: Buscas eletrônicas foram realizadas nas bases de dados no PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS, e literatura cinzenta até setembro de 2021. Os estudos foram avaliados qualitativamente usando a ferramenta RoB2 (Cochrane) e a certeza de evidência (GRADE). A sensibilidade e as estimativas agrupadas foram calculadas usando um modelo de efeitos aleatórios. Doze artigos foram incluídos. Resultados: O risco de viés foi alto em um estudo, baixo em nove e dois tiveram algumas preocupações. A análise qualitativa mostrou que não há influência da extrusão do cimento na dor pós-operatória. A meta-análise mostrou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na dor pós-operatória entre o AH Plus e os cimentos a base de silicato de cálcio com moderada a muito baixa certeza de evdência. Análises entre os cimentos AH Plus, óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE) e hidróxido de cálcio não foram realizados devido a heterogeneidade e falta de dados. Conclusão:A literatura sugere resultados contrastantes com relação a dor pós-operatória e entre os cimentos AH Plus e OZE, com baixa a moderada certeza de evidência. Já os cimentos a base de hidróxido de cálcio, um único estudo com baixa certeza de evidência concluiu que o AH Plus apresentou menos dor pós tratamento endodôntico do que o Apexit Plus. Portanto,mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a influência desses tipos de cimentos na dor pós-operatória. Com relação ao cimento AH Plus e os cimentos a base de silicato de cálcio não houve diferença estatística entre eles e a dor. A extrusão dos cimentos é uma variável que requer mais estudos (AU)

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ABSTRACT Objective: To map the evidence on quality nursing care practices in pain management in orthopedic surgical patients. Method: Scoping review, as per the JBI Manual recommendations. Searches were performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (Regional VHL), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Cinahl databases, and gray literature, regardless of language and period. Selection and extraction were performed by two independent reviewers, using inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the extracted data were organized to reflect key themes or recurring patterns related to the purpose of the review. Results: A total of 94 studies were included, most from the United States, corresponding to 34% of the sample, and published between 1997 and 2022. The findings were categorized into: nursing quality practices in pain management related to the organization and monitoring of units, and pre- and post-operative period. Conclusion: The research revealed that quality nursing care practices in pain management in orthopedic surgical patients encompass a variety of approaches, from the use of nonpharmacological practices and patient education to the use of pain assessment scales, staff training, to innovative pharmacological procedures.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear la evidencia sobre las prácticas de atención de enfermería de calidad en el manejo del dolor en pacientes de cirugía ortopédica. Método: Revisión del alcance, según las recomendaciones del Manual del JBI. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos MEDLINE. (PubMed), LILACS (BVS Regional), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Cinahl y literatura gris, independientemente del idioma y época. La selección y extracción fueron realizadas por dos revisores independientes, utilizando criterios de inclusión/exclusión, y los datos extraídos se organizaron para reflejar temas clave o patrones recurrentes relacionados con el objetivo de la revisión. Resultados: Se incluyeron 94 estudios, la mayoría de Estados Unidos, correspondientes al 34% de la muestra, y publicados entre 1997 y 2022. Los hallazgos se categorizaron en prácticas de enfermería de calidad en el manejo del dolor relacionadas con la organización y seguimiento de las unidades, y períodos pre y postoperatorios. Conclusión: La investigación reveló que las prácticas de atención de enfermería de calidad en el manejo del dolor en pacientes de cirugía ortopédica abarcan una variedad de enfoques, desde el uso de prácticas no farmacológicas y la educación del paciente hasta el uso de escalas de evaluación del dolor, capacitación de equipos, capacitación e incluso procedimientos farmacológicos innovadores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear as evidências sobre as práticas de qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem na gestão da dor em pacientes cirúrgicos ortopédicos. Método: Revisão de escopo, conforme as recomendações do Manual JBI. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS Regional), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Cinahl e literatura cinzenta, independentemente do idioma e período. A seleção e a extração foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes, utilizando critérios de inclusão/exclusão, e os dados extraídos foram organizados para refletir os principais temas ou padrões recorrentes relacionados ao objetivo da revisão. Resultados: Foram incluídos 94 estudos, a maioria dos Estados Unidos, correspondendo a 34% da amostra, e publicados entre 1997 e 2022. Os achados foram categorizados em práticas de qualidade de enfermagem na gestão da dor relacionadas à organização e monitoramento das unidades, e período pré e pós-operatório. Conclusão: A pesquisa revelou que as práticas de qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem na gestão da dor em pacientes cirúrgicos ortopédicos abrangem uma variedade de abordagens, desde o uso de práticas não farmacológicas e educação ao paciente até o uso de escalas de avaliação da dor, capacitação da equipe, treinamento, até procedimentos farmacológicos inovadores.

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Objective: The study compared the efficacy of Dual Rinse combined with sodium hypochlorite in comparison to sodium hypochlorite irrigating solution on post instrumentation pain incidence, reduction of the load of intracanal bacteria and periapical MMP-9 expression in patients with pulp necrosis. Material and Methods: Thirty-four patients diagnosed with a necrotic mandibular premolar having a single root canal were included. Following confirmation of the diagnosis, patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups of 17 patients each (intervention group; Dual Rinse + 2.5% NaOCl, control group; 2.5% NaOCl irrigation). Standard endodontic treatment was done in two visits. Post-instrumentation pain was assessed at 6, 12, 24 hours and 48 hours using Heft-parker visual analogue scale (Heft parker VAS). The intracanal bacterial levels assessed pre- and post-instrumentation through counting of CFU/mL. Periapical MMP-9 levels were assessed post-instrumentation and pre-obturation by ELISA. All data collected from patients was statistically analyzed. Results: Regarding post-instrumentation pain incidence, there was no statistically significant difference detected among tested irrigants at all time intervals (p>0.05). There was a significant reduction in the count of intracanal bacterial in both groups after instrumentation, but without any significant difference between tested irrigants (p>0.05). Within a week, there was a considerable drop in the periapical MMP-9 levels without any discernible differences between the two irriagnts (p>0.05). Conclusion: The addition of Dual Rinse to 2.5% NaOCl solution did not result in any apparent increase in the incidence of post-instrumentation pain or in periapical MMP-9 levels. Both irrigating solutions were almost equally successful in lowering the amount of bacteria in primary infected root canals while maintaining the antibacterial activity of the NaOCl(AU)

Trinta e quatro pacientes diagnosticados com necrose pulpar em pré-molar inferior com um único canal radicular foram incluídos. Após a confirmação do diagnóstico, os pacientes foram alocados aleatoriamente em um dos dois grupos de 17 pacientes cada (grupo de intervenção; Dual Rinse + NaOCl 2,5%, grupo de controle; irrigação com NaOCl 2,5%). O tratamento endodôntico padrão foi realizado em duas visitas. A dor pós-instrumentação foi avaliada em 6, 12, 24 horas e 48 horas usando a escala visual analógica de Heft Parker (EVA de Heft Parker). Os níveis bacterianos intracanais foram avaliados antes e depois da instrumentação por meio da contagem de CFU/mL. Os níveis periapicais de MMP-9 foram avaliados por ELISA pós-instrumentação e pré-obturação. Todos os dados coletados dos pacientes foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Com relação à incidência de dor pós-instrumentação, não foi detectada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os irrigantes testados em todos os intervalos de tempo (p>0,05). Houve uma redução significativa na contagem de bactérias intracanais em ambos os grupos após a instrumentação, mas sem nenhuma diferença significativa entre os irrigantes testados (p>0,05). Em uma semana, houve uma queda considerável nos níveis periapicais de MMP-9 sem nenhuma diferença perceptível entre os dois irrigantes (p > 0,05). Conclusão: A adição do Dual Rinse à solução de NaOCl a 2,5% não resultou em nenhum aumento aparente na incidência de dor pós-instrumentação ou nos níveis periapicais de MMP-9. Ambas as soluções irrigadoras foram quase igualmente bem-sucedidas na redução da quantidade de bactérias nos canais radiculares infectados primários, mantendo a atividade antibacteriana do NaOCl (AU)

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Objective: To examine the effectiveness of nefopam on postoperative pain control after anorectal surgeries. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent anorectal surgeries from January 2019 to March 2022 at two medical centers. The data were divided into nefopam and conventional groups. The primary outcome was the number of patients who requested additional opioids in the 24-h postoperative period. The secondary outcomes were numeric rating pain scores (NRPS) within a 24-h postoperative period and analgesic drugs-related side effects. Results: Eighty-seven patients in the conventional group and 60 in the nefopam group were recruited. The nefopam group reported less additional opioid consumption than the conventional group in all dimensions of analysis, including overall, adjusted to anesthetic techniques and types of surgery. However, these did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.093). Only patients in the nefopam group who underwent hemorrhoidectomy under TIVA or spinal anesthesia significantly required fewer additional opioids (P = 0.016, 60% mean difference). Similarly, the 24-h postoperative morphine consumption was lower in the nefopam group (mean difference = -3.4, 95%CI: 0.72,6.08). Furthermore, significantly lower NRPS were reported in the nefopam group during the 12-18 h postoperative period (P = 0.009). On the other hand, analgesic drugs related side effects were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The administration of nefopam after major anorectal surgery is beneficially evident in reducing postoperative opioid requirements. (AU)

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Abstract Background: Ultra-low-dose Spinal Anesthesia (SA) is the practice of employing minimal doses of intrathecal agents so that only the roots that supply a specific area are anesthetized. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of ultra-low-dose spinal anesthesia with that of Perineal Blocks (PB). Methods: A two-arm, parallel, double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing two anesthetic techniques (SA and PB) for hemorrhoidectomy and anal fistula surgery was performed. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain, complementation and/or conversion of anesthesia, and hemodynamic changes. Results: Fifty-nine patients were included in the final analysis. The mean pain values were similar in the first 48 h in both groups (p > 0.05). The individuals allocated to the SA group did not need anesthetic complementation; however, those in the PB group required it considerably (SA group, 0% vs. PB group, 25%; p = 0.005). Hemodynamic changes were more pronounced after PB: during all surgical times, the PB group showed lower MAP values and higher HR values (p < 0.05). Postoperative urinary retention rates were similar between both groups (SA group 0% vs. PB group 3.1%, p = 0.354). Conclusion: SA and PB are similarly effective in pain control during the first 48 h after hemorrhoidec-tomy and anal fistula surgery. Although surgical time was shorter among patients in the PB group, the SA technique may be preferable as it avoids the need for additional anesthesia. Furthermore, the group that received perineal blocks was under sedation with a considerable dose of propofol.

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Abstract Background: Pain management in hip fracture patients is of great importance for reducing postoperative morbidity and mortality. Multimodal techniques, including peripheral nerve blocks, are preferred for postoperative analgesia. Older-old hip fracture patients with high ASA scores are highly sensitive to the side effects of NSAIDs and opioids. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of the recently popularized Supra-Inguinal Fascia Iliaca Block (SIFIB) in this population. Methods: Forty-one ASA III-IV patients who underwent SIFIB + PCA (G-SIFIB) or PCA alone (Group Control: GC) after general anesthesia were evaluated retrospectively. In addition to 24-hour opioid consumption, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, opioid-related side effects, block-related complications, and length of hospital stay were compared. Results: Twenty-two patients in G-SIFIB and 19 patients in GC were evaluated. The postoperative 24-hour opioid consumption was lower in G-SIFIB than in GC (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant reduction in VAS scores at the postoperative 1st, 3rd, and 6th hours at rest (p < 0.001) and during movement (p < 0.001 for the 1st and 3rd hours, and p = 0.02 for the 6th hour) in G-SIFIB compared to GC. There was no difference in pain scores at the 12th and 24th hours postoperatively. While there was no difference between the groups in terms of other side effects, respiratory depression was significantly higher in GC than in G-SIFIB (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The SIFIB technique has a significant opioid-sparing effect and thus reduces opioid-related side effects in the first 24 hours after hip fracture surgery in older-old patients.

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Abstract Background: This study compares Fascia Iliaca compartment (FI) block and Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgery. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically searched in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); comparing PENG block versus FI block for hip surgery; patients over 18 years of age; and reporting outcomes immediately postoperative. We excluded studies with overlapped populations and without a head-to-head comparison of the PENG block vs. FI block. Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were pooled. Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were performed to assess inconsistency. Quality assessment and risk of bias were performed according to Cochrane recommendations. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 384 patients were included, of whom 196 (51%) underwent PENG block. After hip surgery, PENG block reduced static pain score at 12h post-surgery (MD = 0.61 mm; 95% CI 1.12 to -0.09; p = 0.02) and cumulative postoperative oral morphine consumption in the first 24h (MD = -6.93 mg; 95% CI -13.60 to -0.25; p = 0.04) compared with the FI group. However, no differences were found between the two techniques regarding dynamic and static pain scores at 6 h or 24 h post-surgery, or in the time to the first analgesic rescue after surgery. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PENG block reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery and reduced pain scores at rest at 12 h post-surgery. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of the PENG block and its potential benefits compared to FI block. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022339628 PROSPERO registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? RecordID=339628

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Abstract Background and aims: Dexamethasone as adjunct to local anesthetic solution improves the quality of brachial plexus block (BPB). However, evidence for its efficacy at low doses (< 4 mg) is lacking. This study was designed to evaluate the duration of analgesia attained with low dose dexamethasone as adjuvant to local anesthetic for creation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) under BPB. Methods: Sixty-six patients scheduled for AVF creation were randomly allocated to receive either saline (control) or 2 mg dexamethasone, together with 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.2% lignocaine. The primary outcome was duration of analgesia, defined as time from performing the block to the first analgesic request. The secondary outcomes were time from injection to complete sensory block, time from injection to complete motor block, duration of motor block, postoperative analgesic consumption, and fistula patency at three months. Results: All the blocks were effective. In the group that received dexamethasone, the time to first analgesic request was significantly delayed (432 ± 43.8 minutes vs. 386.4 ± 40.2 minutes; p < 0.01). The onset of sensory and motor blockade occurred faster in dexamethasone group and overall analgesic consumption was also reduced. However, dexamethasone addition did not prolong the duration of motor block. There was no statistically significant difference in the patency of fistulas between the two groups at three months. (p = 0.34). Conclusion: Addition of low-dose perineural dexamethasone to local anesthetic solution significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia. Further trials are warranted to compare the adverse effects between dexamethasone doses of 4 mg and lower.

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Abstract An elderly patient was admitted to the hospital due to an enterovesical fistula and a terminal colostomy was proposed. The patient had a high anesthetic risk and thus a quadratus lumborum block was chosen as the sole anesthetic technique. This block has been described to provide both somatic and visceral analgesia to the abdomen. In fact, it yielded good anesthetic conditions to perform the procedure and allowed the patient to be hemodynamically stable and comfortable throughout the case. The postoperative period was uneventful.

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Estimado editor: El protocolo de recuperación optimizada Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)® se inició como un proyecto del autor y del profesor Kenneth Fearon de Edimburgo, en el Reino Unido en 2001.1,2 ERAS® es un conjunto de estrategias multimodales perioperatorias basadas en la evidencia, y cuya finalidad es reducir el estrés metabólico causado por el trauma quirúrgico y por apoyar la recuperación temprana del paciente. Actualmente abarca todas las cirugías abdominales mayores, las de cabeza y cuello, cardíacas y torácicas.3,4) Antes de la llegada de los protocolos ERAS, los grupos quirúrgicos tenían sus propios programas de fast track, consistían en el alivio del dolor, la alimentación y la movilización tempranas y la disminución del estrés con la anestesia regional.3 La Sociedad ERAS® estableció desde el principio que los protocolos por sí solos no eran suficientes para poder aplicarlos en lugar de los cuidados tradicionales, por lo cual se designaron centros de excelencias, encargados de implementar los programas y contribuir a su desarrollo y difusión en la región; ejemplo fiel de ello es el ERAS LatAm,3 capítulo latinoamericano de la Sociedad ERAS, que abarca...(AU)

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Apesar da evolução da tecnologia minimamente invasiva com procedimentos cirúrgicos extremamente seguros, são recorrentes no período pós-operatório complicações como dor, náusea, vômito, cefaleia, sonolência e depressão respiratória, sendo estes os principais motivos de internações hospitalares prolongadas. A pesquisa da Acupuntura reveste-se portanto de grande interesse, na medida em que poderá traduzir estes conhecimentos milenares, contribuindo para sua aceitação e incorporação no âmbito hospitalar e ambulatorial... (AU)

Despite the evolution of minimally invasive technology with extremely safe surgical procedures, complications such as pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, drowsiness and respiratory depression are recurrent in the postoperative period, being the main reasons for prolonged hospitalizations. A Research in acupuncture is, therefore, of great interest, as it can translate this ancient knowledge, contributing to its acceptance and incorporation in hospital and outpatient settings... (AU)

Apesar de la evolución de la tecnología mínimamente invasiva con procedimientos quirúrgicos extremadamente seguros, complicaciones como dolor, náuseas, vómitos, cefalea, somnolencia y depresión respiratoria son recurrentes en el postoperatorio, siendo los principales motivos de estancia hospitalaria prolongada. Por lo tanto, la investigación en acupuntura es de gran interés, ya que puede traducir este conocimiento antiguo, contribuyendo a su aceptación e incorporación en entornos hospitalarios y ambulatorios.