ABSTRACT
A fines de 2023 la autoridad sanitaria de Argentina realizó modificaciones en el Calendario Nacional obligatorio, que serán implementadas en forma progresiva durante 2024. Este artículo está enfocado en la reducción del esquema contra el virus del papiloma humano. (AU)
At the end of 2023, the Argentine health authority modified the mandatory National Calendar, which will be implemented progressively during 2024. This article focuses on the reduction in the human papillomavirus scheme. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccine Efficacy , Argentina/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Public Health/methods , Immunization Schedule , Treatment Outcome , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Papillomaviridae/immunologyABSTRACT
Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are of significant concern in men, given its potential impact on their health and the risk of transmission to partners. Understanding and addressing this infection in men is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing HPV-related diseases. Objective: To assess the impact of HPV vaccination, potential genotype shifts, and adverse effects, through a prospective study conducted with male university students. Methods:The study involved 286 volunteers who were examined at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The HPV prevalence was evaluated using generic PCR, genotyped by DNA microarray and monitored adverse effects. Results: The findings of this study revealed the absence of moderate or severe adverse effects. Genetic shifts were observed, including the disappearance of oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18. Surprisingly, even after completing the full vaccine regimen, students still harbored HPV11 in the oral tract. Furthermore, persistent HPV 6 and 11 infections were identified in three students, who had pre-existing infections prior to vaccination, at the follow-up visit. Multivariate analysis uncovered independent associations, notably an increased risk of HPV infection in the oral tract among men who have sex with men. HPV prevalence rates remained low both before and after the vaccination scheme (T0: 14.7%, T1: 8.7%). Even after the full vaccination scheme, the prevalence remained similar at T2 (14.6%), with no statistically significant differences recorded. HPV11 emerged as the most prevalent type throughout the study, followed by HPV6. Vaccine genotypes were detected in a significant proportion of samples at T0 (85.4%), T1 (89.5%), and T2 (100%). Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests that vaccination may represent a promising approach to reducing HPV-related health risks. These findings shed light on the potential benefits and challenges of HPV vaccination, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and vaccination efforts
Introdução: As infecções por papilomavírus humano (HPV) são de grande preocupação em homens, dada sua possível influência na saúde deles e no risco de transmissão para parceiros. Compreender e abordar essa infecção em homens é fundamental para avaliar a eficácia da vacinação na redução de doenças relacionadas ao HPV. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da vacinação contra o HPV, possíveis alterações genotípicas e efeitos adversos, por meio de um estudo prospectivo realizado em estudantes universitários do sexo masculino. Métodos: O estudo envolveu 286 voluntários examinados em Clínicas de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis na Universidade Federal Fluminense, em Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A prevalência do HPV foi avaliada por polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genérico e genotipada por microarranjo de DNA, e foram monitorados os efeitos adversos. Resultados: Os resultados deste estudo revelaram a ausência de efeitos adversos moderados ou graves. Observaram-se mudanças genéticas, incluindo o desaparecimento dos tipos oncogênicos do HPV 16 e 18. Surpreendentemente, mesmo após a conclusão do esquema completo de vacinação, os estudantes ainda abrigavam o HPV 11 na cavidade oral. Além disso, foram identificadas infecções persistentes pelo HPV 6 e 11 em três estudantes que já tinham infecções preexistentes antes da vacinação e na visita de acompanhamento. A análise multivariada revelou associações independentes, especialmente um aumento no risco de infecção pelo HPV na cavidade oral em homens que têm relações sexuais com homens. As taxas de prevalência do HPV permaneceram baixas tanto antes quanto depois do esquema de vacinação (T0: 14,7%, T1: 8,7%). Mesmo após a conclusão do esquema de vacinação, a prevalência permaneceu semelhante em T2 (14,6%), sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas registradas. O HPV 11 emergiu como o tipo mais prevalente ao longo do estudo, seguido pelo HPV 6. Genótipos da vacina foram detectados em uma proporção significativa de amostras em T0 (85,4%), T1 (89,5%) e T2 (100%). Conclusão: No geral, este estudo sugere que a vacinação pode representar uma abordagem promissora para a redução dos riscos à saúde relacionados ao HPV. Esses achados lançam luz sobre os benefícios e desafios potenciais da vacinação contra o HPV, enfatizando a necessidade de monitoramento contínuo e esforços de vacinação
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Young Adult , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Papillomaviridae/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , GenotypeABSTRACT
RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a cobertura da primeira e da segunda dose da vacina papilomavírus humano (HPV) no Brasil, conforme a microrregião, comparando-se as coortes de meninas com 14, 15 e 16 anos em 2017, e investigar a associação da heterogeneidade espacial na cobertura vacinal com variáveis sociodemográficas. Métodos: A informação sobre doses aplicadas nos anos de 2013 a 2017 por idade foi obtida do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. O número de meninas residentes com sete, oito e nove anos em 2010, em cada microrregião, é oriundo do censo brasileiro de 2010. Para a análise, a cobertura vacinal acumulada por microrregião (n = 558) foi categorizada em baixa (< 80%) e adequada (≥ 80%), e um modelo logístico com intercepto aleatório foi ajustado, tendo cobertura vacinal adequada como desfecho. O efeito aleatório (unidade da federação) foi incluído para captar a correlação entre microrregiões que pertencem ao mesmo estado. Resultados: O percentual de microrregiões que alcançou a cobertura vacinal adequada foi significativamente maior para a primeira dose (entre 91,8 e 159,2%), independentemente da coorte. Observou-se menor cobertura da segunda dose (entre 7 e 79,9%), com heterogeneidade associada ao grau de urbanização e à presença de domicílios com banheiro de uso próprio no município. O efeito aleatório mostrou forte poder explicativo, sugerindo importantes diferenças entre os estados brasileiros no alcance da cobertura vacinal. Conclusão: Apesar de a vacina HPV estar disponível no Programa de Imunização, os achados do presente estudo apontam para uma dificuldade do alcance da cobertura vacinal adequada.
ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the coverage of the first and second dose of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in Brazil according to microregion, comparing cohorts of girls aged 14, 15, and 16 years in 2017, and investigate the association between spatial heterogeneity in vaccination coverage and sociodemographic variables. Methods: Information about the doses administered from 2013 to 2017 by age was gathered from the National Immunization Program. The number of girls aged seven, eight, and nine years living in each microregion in 2010 was obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Census. For the analysis, the cumulated vaccination coverage per microregion (n = 558) was categorized as low (< 80%) and adequate (≥ 80%), and a random intercept logistic model was adjusted, with adequate vaccination coverage as the outcome. The random effect (federative unit) was included to identify the correlation between microregions that belong to the same state. Results: The percentage of microregions with adequate vaccination coverage was significantly higher in the first dose (between 91.8 and 159.2%), regardless of the cohort. The coverage of the second dose was lower (between 7 and 79.9%), with heterogeneity associated with the degree of urbanization and households with private bathrooms in the municipality. The random effect showed a strong explanatory power, suggesting important differences among Brazilian states as to the outreach of vaccination coverage. Conclusion: Although the HPV vaccine is available through the Immunization Program, the findings of the present study point to a difficulty in achieving adequate vaccination coverage.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data , Alphapapillomavirus , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Brazil , Immunization , Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Our aim was to review the major contributions of studies conducted in different Latin American (LA) countries to the field of human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemiology, natural history, risk of disease, and prevention strategies, mainly in the uterine cervix. Although cytological screening is established in several countries in LA, incidence and mortality rates from cervical cancer (CC) are still extremely high. Finally, data from large cohort studies conducted in LA countries provided seminal data to propose primary and secondary prevention modalities: the HPV vaccine has been introduced in the national immunization programs of several LA countries and multiple screening experiences using HPV testing are under evaluation in the region.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Papillomaviridae , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Primary Prevention , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Mass Screening , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Secondary Prevention , Latin America/epidemiologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the treatment effect of genital warts, we investigated the quadrivalent HPV vaccine injection compared with surgical excision. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 26 patients (M:F = 24:2) who received HPV vaccine or surgical excision. After explanation of surgical excision or HPV vaccine, 16 patients underwent surgical excision and the others received HPV vaccine injections. Based on gross findings of genital warts, treatment outcomes were classified as complete response (no wart), partial response, and failed treatment. Results: Among enrolled patients, 42% (11 / 26) patients had recurrent genital warts. In vaccination group, complete response rates of genital wart were 60% following 3 times HPV vaccine. Partial response patients wanted to excise the genital lesions before the 3 times injection, because they worried about sexual transmission of disease to their sexual partners. One patient underwent surgical excision after 3 times injection. Excision sites included suprapubic lesions, but other sites including mid-urethra and glans showed complete response after injection. At a mean follow-up period of 8.42 ± 3.27 months, 10 patients (100%) who received HPV vaccine did not show recurrence. Conclusion: The response rates after HPV vaccine injection were 90% (complete and partial). Our results suggested that HPV vaccines could be effective in management of genital warts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Condylomata Acuminata/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Papillomaviridae , Condylomata Acuminata/surgery , Condylomata Acuminata/immunology , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Papillomavirus Infections/surgery , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Early Detection of Cancer , Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Program Evaluation , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , /diagnosis , Latin America/epidemiologySubject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination/methods , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Quebec , Developing Countries , Vaccination Coverage , Papillomavirus Vaccines/economics , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , Health Promotion/economics , Health Promotion/organization & administration , MexicoABSTRACT
Abstract: Objective: To describe HPV vaccine program implementation, monitoring and evaluation experiences in Latin America. Materials and methods: We reviewed published articles in peer-reviewed journals and reports from government websites, as well as the PAHO/WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting form and the ICO/IARC HPV Information Centre database. Results: By December 2016, 13 countries/territories in Latin America (56%) have introduced HPV vaccines. The majority have done so in the past three years, targeting 10-12 year old girls with a two dose schedule, through school programs. Vaccine coverage ranges from 30 to 87%. Safety monitoring is well established, but monitoring vaccine impact is not, and data are not available. Conclusions: Although Latin America is the most advanced developing region with HPV vaccine introduction, systems for its monitoring are weak and there is a paucity of consistently available coverage data for this vaccine. Challenges remain to introduce HPV vaccines in several countries, to achieve high coverage, and to strengthen monitoring, evaluation and reporting.
Resumen: Objetivo: Describir las experiencias con la implementación, monitoreo y evaluación de programas de vacunación contra VPH en América Latina. Material y métodos: Revisamos datos publicados en revistas, informes gubernamentales, así como los informes de monitoreo de programas de inmunizaciones de la OPS/OMS/UNICEF y del centro de información del VPH del ICO/IARC. Resultados: Hasta diciembre de 2016, 13 países/territorios en América Latina (56%) han introducido vacunas contra VPH. La mayoría lo han hecho en los últimos tres años, apuntando a niñas de 10 a 12 años con un calendario de dos dosis, a través de programas escolares. La cobertura de vacunas varía entre 30 y 87%. La vigilancia de la seguridad está bien establecida, pero el monitoreo del impacto de la vacuna no, y los datos no están disponibles. Conclusiones: Aunque América Latina es la región en desarrollo más avanzada en la introducción de la vacuna contra VPH, los sistemas para su monitoreo son débiles y hay una escasez de datos de cobertura disponibles. Sigue habiendo desafíos para introducir vacunas contra VPH en varios países, para lograr una alta cobertura y para fortalecer el monitoreo, la evaluación y la presentación de informes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effects , Program Evaluation , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Immunization Schedule , Early Detection of Cancer , Epidemiological Monitoring , Procedures and Techniques Utilization , Latin America/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Abstract: In 2008, the first HPV vaccination program in Latin America started in Panama, targeting girls aged 10-11 years with a 3-dose vaccine schedule, an initiative that was to be followed by other Latin American countries after local feasibility and population acceptability evaluations were completed. A 3-dose vaccine regimen over six months was originally chosen for HPV vaccines, copying the Hepatitis B vaccine schedule (0, 1-2, 6 months). Alternative vaccine schedules have been proposed afterwards based on: i) noninferior immunogenicity or immune response levels compared to those at which clinical efficacy has been proven (i.e., those observed in a 3-dose HPV vaccine schedule in women aged 15-26), and, ii) proven efficacy in clinical trials and/or effectiveness among women who were provided less than three doses due to a lack of adherence to a 3-dose vaccine schedule. In 2014, based on the available evidence and the potential increase in coverage by expansion of vaccination target groups, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMIC), the World Health Organization recommended a 2-dose schedule with at least a 6-month interval between doses for females up to 15 years of age and a 3-dose schedule for older women. More recently, it has been suggested that 1-dose HPV vaccination schemes may provide enough protection against HPV infection and may speed up the introduction of HPV vaccination in LMIC, where most needed.
Resumen: En 2008, se inició en Panamá el primer programa de vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), dirigido a niñas de 10 a 11 años, utilizando un esquema de tres dosis en seis meses, iniciativa que fue adoptada por otros países de la región tras evaluar la aceptabilidad en la población y la viabilidad de llevar a cabo el programa. Inicialmente, el esquema de tres dosis para las vacunas contra el VPH se basó en el utilizado en la vacunación contra la hepatitis B (0, 1-2, 6 meses). Posteriormente, se han propuesto esquemas de vacunación alternativos, utilizando evidencia sobre: i) la inmunogenicidad o niveles de respuesta inmune no inferiores a aquéllos con los cuales la eficacia clínica de la vacuna fue probada (es decir, aquéllos observados con tres dosis en mujeres de 15 a 26 años); y ii) la eficacia demostrada en ensayos clínicos y efectividad demostrada en mujeres a quienes se vacunó con menos de tres dosis debido a falta de adherencia al esquema completo de tres dosis. En 2014, la Organización Mundial de la Salud recomendó un esquema de dos dosis con al menos seis meses de intervalo entre dosis para mujeres de hasta 15 años de edad y uno de tres dosis para mujeres mayores. La recomendación se basó en la evidencia disponible hasta entonces y a un posible aumento en cobertura mediante la ampliación de los grupos etarios a vacunarse, particularmente en países de ingresos bajos y medios (PIBMs). Más recientemente, se ha sugerido un esquema de vacunación contra el VPH de una sola dosis, el cual podría proporcionar suficiente protección contra la infección por VPH y así acelerar la introducción de la vacunación contra el VPH en PIBMs donde más se necesita.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Asia/epidemiology , Canada/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Age Factors , Patient Compliance , Europe/epidemiology , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , Equivalence Trials as Topic , Latin America/epidemiologySubject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Precancerous Conditions/prevention & control , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , /prevention & control , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Precancerous Conditions/mortality , Precancerous Conditions/virology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology , Vaccination , /mortality , /virology , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Papillomavirus Infections/mortality , Human papillomavirus 16 , Human papillomavirus 18 , Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Introducción: en Uruguay se ofrece gratuitamente una vacuna tetravalente contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) a todas las adolescentes de 12 años o mayores. Las coberturas logradas no han sido las esperadas. Objetivo: describir el estado vacunal contra el VPH, motivos de no vacunación y reporte de efectos adversos en las adolescentes hospitalizadas en un centro de referencia en Uruguay. Material y método: estudio descriptivo mediante encuesta anónima a adolescentes de 12 años o mayores hospitalizadas en cuidados moderados del Hospital Pediátrico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell durante el segundo semestre de 2016. Se excluyeron las adolescentes que se negaron a participar, las portadoras de retardo mental o pasibles de cuidados paliativos. Se analizó: edad, estado vacunal contra VPH, motivos de no vacunación y de rechazo a la vacuna, efectos adversos. Fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la institución. Resultados: se encuestaron 112 adolescentes. Edad media: 13,5 años (12-14,6). Reportaron recibir al menos una dosis de la vacuna contra VPH: 45/112 (40,1%). Motivo de no vacunación más frecuente reportado: desconocimiento de la existencia de la vacuna: 48/67 (71,6%), seguido de rechazo o negativa de la adolescente o adulto responsable: 13/67 (19,4%). El principal motivo de rechazo a recibir la vacuna fue la falta de información: 7/13. No se registraron efectos adversos graves. Conclusiones: se observó una cobertura vacunal similar a datos nacionales. El conocimiento y la información de las adolescentes y sus cuidadores sobre esta vacuna fueron los principales motivos de no vacunación detectados.
Introduction: Uruguay offers a free HPV quadrivalent vaccine to adolescents 12 years of age or older. However, the vaccination rate was not as expected. Objective: to describe the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status, the reasons for non-vaccination and to report adverse effects in hospitalized adolescents in a reference center in Uruguay. Materials and methods: descriptive study by means of an anonymous survey of adolescents of 12 years of age or older hospitalized in moderate care at Pereira Rossell Hospital Center during the second half of 2016. Adolescents who refused to participate were excluded from the study, as well as those with mental retardation and / or subject to palliative care. We analyzed: age, vaccination status against HPV, reasons for non-vaccination and vaccine hesitancy, and adverse effects. The research conducted was approved by the institution's ethics committee. Results: the survey was answered by 112 adolescents who met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 13.5 years old (12-14.6). 45/112 (40.1%). Adolescents reported having received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. The most frequent reason for non-vaccination was: lack of knowledge of the vaccine in 48 out of 67 (71.6%), followed by rejection or rejection by the adolescent or responsible adult in 13 out of 67 (19.4%). The main reason for refusal to receive the vaccine reported was: lack of information (7/13). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: vaccination coverage found was similar to national data. Knowledge and information of adolescents and their caregivers about this vaccine were the main reasons detected for non-vaccination.
Introdução: no Uruguai una vacina tetravalente contra o Vírus do Papiloma Humano (VPH) é oferecida gratuitamente a todas as adolescentes com 12 ou mais anos. A cobertura obtida não foi a esperada. Objetivo: descrever o estado vacinal contra o VPH, motivos de não vacinação e informação sobre efeitos adversos nas adolescentes hospitalizadas em um centro de referencia no Uruguai. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, realizado com questionário anônimo respondido por adolescentes com 12 ou mais anos, internadas em cuidados intermediários do Hospital Pediátrico do Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, durante o segundo semestre de 2016. Foram excluídas as adolescentes que não quiseram participar, as portadoras de deficiência mental e/ou passiveis de cuidados paliativos. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: idade, estado vacinal contra VPH, motivos de não vacinação e de rejeição à vacina e efeitos adversos. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comité de ética da instituição. Resultados: participaram 112 adolescentes com idade média 13,5 anos (12-14,6). 45 informaram ter recebido pelo menos uma dose da vacina contra VPH (45/112 - 40,1%). O motivo de não vacinação mais frequente foi o desconhecimento da existência da vacina 48/67 (71,6%), seguido de rejeição ou negativa da adolescente ou do adulto responsável 13/67 (19,4%). O motivo principal de rejeição a ser vacinada foi a falta de informação 7/13. Não foram registrados efeitos adversos graves. Conclusões: a cobertura vacinal registrada foi similar aos dados nacionais. O conhecimento e a informação das adolescentes e de seus cuidadores sobre esta vacina foram os principais motivos de não vacinação detectados.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adolescent , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effects , Papillomavirus Vaccines/supply & distribution , Hospitals, Pediatric , Vaccination Coverage , Vaccination RefusalABSTRACT
Resumo Vários estudos têm identificado conceitos errôneos sobre o Papiloma Vírus Humano (HPV), o que pode propiciar comportamentos negligentes e de risco para a saúde da população. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o conhecimento de homens e mulheres acerca do HPV na população do município de Ipatinga-MG, além de avaliar os fatores socioeconômicos e as atitudes preventivas associadas a esse conhecimento. Estudo transversal, com 591 indivíduos residentes na cidade de Ipatinga, por meio de amostragem estratificada por quotas, proporcional ao número de indivíduos por sexo e idade em cada uma das oito regionais administrativas da cidade. Para avaliar os fatores associados ao conhecimento sobre HPV foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado ou t-Student e modelo de regressão logística binária. Menos da metade (40,1%) dos entrevistados afirmaram saber o que é HPV. Os fatores associados ao relato de conhecimento sobre HPV foram: ser do sexo feminino, ter nível de escolaridade médio ou superior, utilizar o serviço de saúde particular, ter ouvido ou visto alguma campanha sobre HPV e saber da existência da vacina contra o HPV. Existe grande déficit de conhecimento sobre o HPV e pouca qualificação do que se sabe, favorecendo ações com risco potencial à saúde, inclusive do parceiro.
Abstract Several studies have identified misconceptions about human papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to negligent behavior and risk to the health of the population. This article aims to assess the knowledge of men and women about HPV in the city of Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, and evaluate socioeconomic factors and preventive measures associated with such knowledge. It involved a cross-sectional study with 591 subjects living in the city, by means of stratified sampling by quotas proportional to the number of individuals by sex and age in each of the eight administrative regions of the city. Pearson's chi-square test or the t-Student test and the binary logistic regression model were used to assess the factors associated with knowledge about HPV. Less than half (40.1%) of the respondents said they knew what HPV was. Factors associated with having knowledge about HPV were being female, having secondary or tertiary education, using the private health service, having heard about or seen a campaign about HPV and knowing of the existence of a vaccine against HPV. There is a great deficit of knowledge about HPV and vague information of what is known, favoring actions with a potential risk to personal health, including that of the partner.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Resumen En este artículo práctico, en base a preguntas y respuestas, se abordan las principales consultas formuladas a los especialistas, tales como ¿Porqué vacunar contra VPH? ¿Composición de la vacuna? ¿Cuáles son su eficacia y seguridad? ¿Deben vacunarse varones? y varias otras.
In this practical article, based on questions and answers, the main queries made to specialists are addressed, such as Why vaccinate against HPV? Composition of the vaccine? What are their effectiveness and safety? Should men be vaccinated? and several others.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Vaccination , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Resumo OBJETIVO: avaliar o conhecimento de agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) acerca do vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) e sua vacinação. MÉTODOS: foi realizado inquérito com ACS atuantes no município de Tubarão-SC, Brasil, em 2014; os dados foram coletados por um instrumento de avaliação do conhecimento sobre HPV e sua vacinação, validado para o idioma inglês e adaptado - transculturalmente - para o português. RESULTADOS: participaram do estudo 124 ACS; todos já haviam ouvido falar do HPV mas apenas 25,0% sobre o teste para o HPV; 72,6% acertaram menos de 70,0% das respostas do instrumento de avaliação; os ACS que acertaram mais de 70,0% dos questionamentos apresentavam, em conjunto, menor média de idade (p=0,010). CONCLUSÃO: há pouco conhecimento dos ACS sobre o HPV, o que pode repercutir em sua atuação como agentes multiplicadores de (i) prevenção de doenças e agravos, e de (ii) educação em saúde.
Resumen OBJETIVO: ese trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento de los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud (ACS) acerca del Papiloma Virus Humano (HPV) y su vacuna. MÉTODOS: realizamos un estudio transversal con ACS activos en la ciudad de Tubarão-SC, Brasil, en 2014; los datos fueron colectados a través de un instrumento de evaluación sobre el conocimiento acerca del HPV y su vacuna, validado para el inglés y adaptado para el portugués. RESULTADOS: participaron del estudio 124 ACS; todos ya tenían escuchado del HPV, pero solamente 25,0% del teste para el virus; del total de preguntas, 72,6% de los ACS respondieron menos de 70,0% de forma correcta; los que acertaron más que 70,0% tenían, en promedio, una edad más baja (p=0,010). CONCLUSIÓN: el conocimiento de los ACS acerca del HPV está debajo de lo esperado, eso puede repercutir en su actuación como agentes multiplicadores de prevención y educación en salud.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the knowledge of Community Health Agents (CHA) about the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and its vaccination. METHODS: this is a cross-sectional study with CHA who worked in Tubarão-SC, Brazil, in 2014; data were collected through an evaluation tool about HPV and its vaccination, validated for English language and translated and adapted into Portuguese. RESULTS: 124 CHA participated in this study; all of them had already heard about HPV, but only 25.0% had heard about HPV testing; 72.6% answered correctly less than 70.0% of the questions; those who answered correctly more than 70.0% were, in general, younger than the other CHA (p=0.010). CONCLUSION: CHA demonstrated little knowledge on HPV, which may affect their work as multipliers in the prevention of diseases and in education in health.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Community Health Workers/statistics & numerical data , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Factors , Vaccination , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Introducción: el cáncer de cuello uterino es en Colombia el segundo cáncer con mayor frecuencia y mortalidad en mujeres. Las vacunas contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) han mostrado efectividad para prevenir la infección por el virus y las lesiones precancerosas asociadas, sin embargo, se han reportado eventos negativos en salud, posiblemente asociados con la aplicación de la vacuna. Objetivo: examinar la seguridad del uso de la vacuna profiláctica contra el VPH. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, IBECS, LILACS y fuentes complementarias. La selección de estudios se realizó por dos revisores independientes de acuerdo con criterios de elegibilidad predefinidos. Se incluyeron estudios experimentales, observacionales analíticos y observacionales descriptivos que reportaran desenlaces de seguridad y efectividad de la vacuna contra el VPH. La calidad de los estudios analíticos fue valorada mediante herramientas previamente definidas, de acuerdo a cada diseño. Los estudios descriptivos fueron considerados con alta probabilidad de sesgo. La calidad de la evidencia fue evaluada para cada desenlace reportado mediante la etodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Los resultados por cada desenlace fueron reportados de forma narrativa y presentados en perfiles de evidencia GRADE (estudios analíticos) y tablas de evidencia genéricas (estudios descriptivos). Resultados: fueron seleccionados 112 estudios que reportaron 305 resultados de desenlaces de seguridad reportados \r\nposterior a la aplicación de la vacuna contra el VPH, que incluyeron desenlaces para los cuales la vacunación mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa como factor de riesgo, desenlaces para los cuales la vacunación no mostró asociación como factor de riesgo, y desenlaces para los cuales la vacunación mostró resultados inconsistentes. La calidad de la evidencia fue baja y muy baja para la mayoría de los resultados reportados. Discusión y conclusión: Las principales debilidades de la evidencia identificada fueron falta de periodos adecuados de seguimiento para eventos de aparición tardía, falta de precisión de los resultados, y limitaciones en la medición de los desenlaces, verificación del periodo de latencia de \r\nlos mismos y control de los potenciales factores de confusión. Los determinantes más relevantes de \r\nla calidad fueron la falta de precisión de los resultados, probablemente por la baja frecuencia de los \r\neventos, y el carácter observacional de los estudios que evaluaron la mayor parte de los desenlaces \r\nreportados. Los resultados de asociación reportados no permiten establecer causalidad entre los \r\neventos y la vacunación. La baja calidad de la evidencia no implica que los resultados no sustenten \r\nla existencia, o no, de las asociaciones evaluadas; ni que los resultados no sean suficientes para \r\norientar decisiones; sino que es probable que estudios con mayor rigor metodológico muestren \r\nresultados diferentes. La mejor evidencia disponible hasta la fecha sustenta un adecuado perfil de \r\nseguridad de la vacuna contra el VPH, similar al reportado por la OMS para otras vacunas, que apoya \r\nsu utilización teniendo en cuenta los beneficios reportados en la literatura; sin que sea posible descartar la ocurrencia de eventos adversos graves raros, por lo cual es recomendable la \r\nimplementación de un sistema de vigilancia posvacunación, que garantice un apropiado reporte, \r\ndiagnóstico, seguimiento, análisis y retroalimentación a los usuarios, de los posibles eventos adversos de la vacunación, con enfoque en los eventos descritos en esta evaluación. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Papillomaviridae , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effects , Immunization , Treatment Outcome , Colombia , Biomedical Technology , Drug EvaluationABSTRACT
After human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine guidelines published by Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) in 2011, new studies have been published, leading to additional data regarding efficacy, safety, number of vaccination rounds, and ideal age of vaccine administration. We searched and reviewed the literatures focused on the efficacy of 2-dose schedule vaccination, the efficacy of 3-dose schedule vaccination in middle-aged women, the ideal age of 3-dose schedule vaccination, the safety of HPV preventive vaccine, and the ability of cross-protection of each HPV preventive vaccine. The KSGO has revised the previous guideline based on the results of the above studies.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Age Factors , Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18/administration & dosage , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Republic of Korea , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , United States , Insurance Claim Review , Chlamydia Infections/prevention & control , Gonorrhea/prevention & control , Herpes Genitalis/prevention & control , Syphilis/prevention & control , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Logistic Models , Incidence , Longitudinal Studies , Databases, Factual , Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Controversy still exists over whether the benefits of the available HPV vaccines outweigh the risks and this has suppressed uptake of the HPV vaccines in comparison to other vaccines. Concerns about HPV vaccine safety have led some physicians, healthcare officials and parents to withhold the recommended vaccination from the target population. The most common reason for not administering the prophylactic HPV vaccines are concerns over adverse effects. The aim of this review is the assessment of peer-reviewed scientific data related to measurable outcomes from the use of HPV vaccines throughout the world with focused attention on the potential adverse effects. We found that the majority of studies continue to suggest a positive risk-benefit from vaccination against HPV, with minimal documented adverse effects, which is consistent with other vaccines. However, much of the published scientific data regarding the safety of HPV vaccines appears to originate from within the financially competitive HPV vaccine market. We advocate a more independent monitoring system for vaccine immunogenicity and adverse effects to address potential conflicts of interest with regular systematic literature reviews by qualified individuals to vigilantly assess and communicate adverse effects associated with HPV vaccination. Finally, our evaluation suggests that an expanded use of HPV vaccine into more diverse populations, particularly those living in low-resource settings, would provide numerous health and social benefits.