Caracterización del cáncer vesical en adultos según variables clínicas y epidemiológicas / Characterization of bladder cancer in adults according to clinical and epidemiological variables

Introducción: El cáncer de la vejiga es uno de los más frecuentes del tracto urinario y se manifiesta de dos formas: como tumor superficial de bajo grado o como neoplasia invasora de alto grado. Objetivo: Caracterizar el cáncer vesical en adultos, según variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y de servicio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo, para caracterizar el cáncer vesical en adultos, según variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y de servicio de los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de Urología del Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico «Arnaldo Milián Castro» en el periodo comprendido de octubre 2019 y 2022. Población del estudio: 242 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical corresponden al año 2019 (45,86 %): masculinos (75,20 %); blancos (89,25 %); mayores de 70 o más años (64,46 %) y fumadores (95,45 %). La hematuria fue el síntoma principal (91,73 %), como expresión del carcinoma urotelial papilar de bajo grado (36,77 %). Tratamiento: la resección transuretral (88,01 %), sin metástasis a distancia (88,42 %). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer vesical corresponden al año 2019, masculinos, blancos, mayores de 70 o más años, fumadores y con hematuria. Más frecuente: el carcinoma urotelial papilar de bajo grado. El tiempo trascurrido antes del diagnóstico de la enfermedad fue de 36-40 días, y un mes, el tiempo trascurrido antes del tratamiento de la enfermedad.

Introduction: bladder cancer is one of the most frequent cancers of the urinary tract and manifests itself in two ways: as a superficial low-grade tumor or as a high-grade invasive neoplasm. Objective: to characterize bladder cancer in adults according to clinical, epidemiological and service variables. Methods: a descriptive and retrospective observational study was carried out to characterize bladder cancer in adults according to clinical, epidemiological and service variables of patients treated in the Urology service at "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Clinical and Surgical University Hospital from October 2019 and 2022. The study population was 242 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. Results: most of the patients diagnosed with bladder cancer correspond to the year 2019 (45.86%): male (75.20%); whites (89.25%); older than 70 or more years (64.46%) and smokers (95.45%). Hematuria was the main symptom (91.73%), as an expression of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (36.77%). The treatment was transurethral resection (88.01%), without distant metastasis (88.42%). Conclusions: most of the patients diagnosed with bladder cancer correspond to the year 2019, male, whites, older than 70 years or older, smokers and with hematuria. Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma was the most frequent cancer. The time elapsed before the diagnosis of the disease was 36-40 days, and the time elapsed before the treatment of the disease was 1 month.

Severe COVID-19 in the context of a vaccinated population: Case-control study / COVID-19 grave no contexto de uma população vacinada: estudo caso-controle / COVID-19 grave en el contexto de una población vacunada: Estudio de casos y controles

Background and Objectives: Since its appearance in 2019, multiple risk factors have been identified for presenting a severe form of COVID-19 and different vaccines have also been developed to prevent severe manifestations. However, despite a vaccination history, some cases progress to complications or even death. The objective of this study was to determine the strength of the association between the severity of COVID-19 and the history of vaccination in patients treated at a public reference hospital in Mexico City. Methods: This was a non-experimental, retrospective, and analytical epidemiological study of cases and controls. The study population was people treated at a concentration hospital for COVID-19 care between July 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022, in Mexico City. Results: 132 participants (44 cases and 88 controls) were included in the study. The risk factors most strongly associated with COVID-19 severity were age greater than or equal to 60 years, presenting 22 breaths per minute at the first medical evaluation, systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 millimeters of mercury, and a history of at least one chronic comorbidity. However, vaccination history was associated with 94% (OR 0.06) lower odds of developing severe COVID-19 compared to those without a history of vaccination, regardless of the presence of associated risk factors. Conclusion: Lacking a history of vaccination and presenting any of the identified risk factors confer higher odds of developing severe forms of the disease.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: Desde o seu aparecimento em 2019, foram identificados múltiplos fatores de risco para a apresentação de uma forma grave de COVID-19 e foram desenvolvidas diferentes vacinas para prevenir o aparecimento de manifestações graves. No entanto, apesar de um histórico de vacinação, alguns casos podem evoluir para complicações ou mesmo para a morte. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a força de associação entre a gravidade da COVID-19 e o histórico de vacinação em pacientes atendidos em um hospital público de referência na Cidade do México. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico não-experimental, retrospectivo e analítico, de casos e controles. A população do estudo foram indivíduos atendidos em um hospital de concentração para atendimento à COVID-19 entre 1 de julho de 2021 e 30 de junho de 2022, na Cidade do México. Resultados: 132 participantes (44 casos e 88 controles) foram incluídos no estudo. Os fatores de risco mais fortemente associados à gravidade da COVID-19 foram idade superior ou igual a 60 anos, apresentar 22 respirações por minuto na primeira avaliação médica, pressão arterial sistólica superior ou igual a 140 milímetros de mercúrio e histórico de pelo menos uma comorbidade crônica. No entanto, histórico de vacinação foi associado a uma probabilidade 94% (OR 0,06) menor de desenvolver COVID-19 grave em comparação com aqueles sem histórico de vacinação, independentemente da presença de fatores de risco associados. Conclusão: A ausência de histórico de vacinação e a presença de algum dos fatores de risco identificados conferem maiores probabilidades de desenvolver formas graves da doença.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: Desde su aparición en 2019, se han identificado múltiples factores de riesgo para presentar una forma grave de COVID-19 y también se han desarrollado distintas vacunas que previenen la aparición de manifestaciones de gravedad. Sin embargo, a pesar del antecedente de vacunación, algunos casos se complican o incluso fallecen. El objetivo del este estudio fue determinar la fuerza de asociación entre la gravedad de la COVID-19 con el antecedente de vacunación en pacientes atendidos en un hospital público de referencia de la Ciudad de México. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico no experimental, retrospectivo y analítico, de casos y controles. La población de estudio fueron personas atendidas en un hospital de concentración para la atención de COVID-19 entre el 1 de julio de 2021 y el 30 de junio de 2022 en la Ciudad de México. Resultados: 132 participantes (44 casos y 88 controles) fueron incluidos en el estudio. Los factores de riesgo más fuertemente asociados con la gravedad de la COVID-19 fueron la edad mayor o igual a 60 años, presentar 22 respiraciones por minuto en la primera valoración médica, tensión arterial sistólica mayor o igual a 140 milímetros de mercurio y el antecedente de al menos una comorbilidad crónica. No obstante, el antecedente de vacunación se asoció con 94% (RM 0.06) menos posibilidades de desarrollar COVID-19 grave con respecto a aquellos sin antecedente vacunal, independientemente de la presencia de los factores de riesgo asociados. Conclusión: carecer del antecedente de vacunación y presentar alguno de los factores de riesgo identificados confieren las mayores posibilidades de presentar formas graves de la enfermedad.(AU)

Hipertensión arterial sistémica posterior a COVID-19 / Systemic arterial hypertension after COVID-19

Introducción: un nuevo tipo de coronavirus que se nombró SARSCoV-2, responsable de la enfermedad por COVID-19, tuvo esparcimiento rápido en el mundo, por alta transmisión que resultó en pandemia. Se registraron 2'397,216 casos confirmados, con 162,956 defunciones en el mundo, de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en abril de 2020. Sin embargo, la hipertensión afecta a 40% de adultos, lo que significa que alrededor de 250 millones de personas padecen de presión alta. La OMS, de acuerdo con sus reportes, refiere que la hipertensión es el factor de riesgo número uno de muerte. Uno de cada cuatro mexicanos padece hipertensión arterial. Objetivos: establecer la incidencia de la hipertensión arterial sistémica posterior a padecer COVID-19 en pacientes de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar (UMF) No. 48. Material y métodos: es un estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo, conformado por 3,238 pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 positivo, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 18 y 70 años. Por medio de la fórmula para poblaciones infinitas se obtiene una muestra de 348 pacientes. Se realizó revisión de expedientes en el Sistema de Información de Medicina Familiar, versión 6.2, para obtención de la información correspondiente. Resultados: 27 pacientes diagnosticados con hipertensión arterial posterior al diagnóstico de COVID-19, 52% del sexo masculino y 48% del femenino, con media de edad de 39 años, 74% correspondió a enfermedad leve por COVID-19 y 26% a enfermedad moderada. Se documenta mediana de ocho días por periodo de infección por COVID-19. En el círculo femenino el promedio de la aparición de hipertensión arterial fue de 13 meses y en el masculino la media de desarrollo de hipertensión arterial posterior a COVID-19 fue de seis meses (AU)

Introduction: a new type of coronavirus that was named SARSCoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 disease, with rapid spread in the world, due to high transmission that resulted in pandemic. There were 2'397,216 confirmed cases, with 162,956 deaths in the world, according to the WHO in April 2020. However, hypertension affects 40% of adults and means that around 250 million people suffer from high blood pressure. The WHO, according to its reports, refers that hypertension is the number one risk factor for death. One in four Mexicans suffers from high blood pressure. Objectives: to establish the incidence of systemic arterial hypertension after suffering from COVID-19 in patients of the UMF No. 48. Material and methods: it is a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study, consisting of 3,238 patients with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis of both sexes, aged 18-70 years. Through the formula for infinite populations a sample of 348 patients is obtained. Will proceed with review of files in the Family Medicine Information System, version 6.2, to obtain the corresponding information. Results: 27 patients diagnosed with hypertension after the diagnosis of COVID-19, 52% of the male sex and 48% of the female sex, with a mean age of 39 years; 74% corresponds to a mild illness by COVID-19 and 26% to moderate disease. A median of 8 days per period of infection by COVID-19 is documented. In the female circle, the average onset of hypertension was 13 months and as for the male sex, the mean development of hypertension after COVID-19 was six months (AU)

Coagulation and platelet profiles of COVID-19 patients admitted to a COVID Referral Center from March 2020 to December 2022

Objective@#This study aimed to determine the demographic profiles of admitted COVID-19 patients, the association of coagulation and platelet tests on COVID-19 severity and compare the coagulation and platelet profile across the spectrum of the disease in terms of severity among adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the Philippine General Hospital from March 2020 to December 2022. @*@#Methodology. Medical records of a sample of adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the emergency room of the Philippine General Hospital from March 2020 to December 2022 were reviewed. The demographics, initial COVID-19 diagnosis and initial coagulation and platelet test results were gathered and tabulated. Comparison of the initial coagulation and initial platelet results were made per disease category. @*Results@#Three hundred eighty-five (385) patients were included; 194 were males, and 191 were females. The mean age of all patients was 56.18 years old. There was a total of 30 patients classified as mild and 105 patients are under moderate category. 141 patients were classified as severe, whereas 109 patients were classified as critical. Platelet count test and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) were mostly normal in all disease categories. Prothrombin time was normal in a majority of patients from the mild and severe categories. INR and D-dimer were all elevated mostly in all disease categories.@*Conclusion@#Platelet counts and APTT were mostly normal in all disease categories. Prothrombin time and D-dimer had a significant association with disease severity. Platelet count, APTT and INR did not show significant association with disease severity. Prothrombin time, APTT, INR and D-dimer means had significant differences versus disease categories.

Lesão renal aguda em pacientes adultos com COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Lesión renal aguda en pacientes adultos con COVID-19: revisión integradora / Acute kidney injury in adult patients with COVID-19: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a frequência de lesão renal aguda (LRA) em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19, as características associadas, a mortalidade e a letalidade. Métodos Revisão realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science e, na literatura cinzenta (Google Acadêmico) em 12 de janeiro de 2022. Foram incluídos artigos em inglês, espanhol e português, publicados a partir de novembro 2019 até janeiro de 2022, em pacientes maiores de 18 anos com COVID-19 hospitalizados e LRA conforme critério Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Os estudos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra para extração, interpretação, síntese e categorização conforme nível de evidência. Resultados 699 artigos encontrados e 45 incluídos. A idade avançada, sexo masculino, hipertensão, doença renal crônica, ventilação mecânica, aumento da proteína C reativa, uso de drogas vasoativas e de determinadas classes de anti-hipertensivos foram associados a LRA. A LRA está relacionada à maior frequência de mortalidade. Em 30% dos pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 houve LRA. A taxa de mortalidade por LRA foi de 5% e a letalidade de 18%. Conclusão Estes resultados ressaltam a relevância da LRA como uma complicação significativa da COVID-19 e sugerem que um controle mais cuidadoso e precoce dos fatores associados poderia potencialmente reduzir a mortalidade e a letalidade. É crucial intensificar a pesquisa nesse campo para esclarecer melhor os mecanismos envolvidos na lesão renal em pacientes com COVID-19, bem como identificar estratégias terapêuticas mais efetivas para sua prevenção e tratamento nesse contexto.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la frecuencia de lesión renal aguda (LRA) en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, las características relacionadas, la mortalidad y la letalidad. Métodos Revisión realizada en las bases de datos CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science y en la literatura gris (Google Académico) el 12 de enero de 2022. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés, español y portugués, publicados a partir de noviembre de 2019 hasta enero de 2022, con pacientes mayores de 18 años con COVID-19 hospitalizados y LRA de acuerdo con el criterio Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Los estudios seleccionados fueron leídos en su totalidad para extracción, interpretación, síntesis y categorización según el nivel de evidencia. Resultados Se encontraron 699 artículos y se incluyeron 45. Los factores relacionados con la LRA fueron: edad avanzada, sexo masculino, hipertensión, enfermedad renal crónica, ventilación mecánica, aumento de la proteína C reactiva, uso de drogas vasoactivas y de determinadas clases de antihipertensivos. La LRA está relacionada con mayor frecuencia de mortalidad. En el 30 % de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 hubo LRA. La tasa de mortalidad por LRA fue de 5 % y la letalidad de 18 %. Conclusión Estos resultados resaltan la relevancia de la LRA como una complicación significativa de COVID-19 y sugieren que un control más cuidadoso y temprano de los factores asociados podría reducir potencialmente la mortalidad y la letalidad. Es crucial intensificar la investigación en este campo para explicar mejor los mecanismos relacionados con la lesión renal en pacientes con COVID-19, así como identificar estrategias terapéuticas más efectivas para su prevención y tratamiento en este contexto.

Abstract Objective To identify the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, associated characteristics, mortality and lethality. Methods Integrative review carried out in the databases CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and in the grey literature (Google Scholar) on January 12, 2022. Articles were included in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published from November 2019 to January 2022, in hospitalized patients over 18 years old with COVID-19 and AKI according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The selected studies were read in full for extraction, interpretation, synthesis and categorization according to the level of evidence. Results A total of 699 articles were found and 45 included. Older age, male gender, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, mechanical ventilation, increased C-reactive protein, use of vasoactive drugs and certain classes of antihypertensives were associated with AKI. AKI is related to a higher frequency of mortality. AKI occurred in 30% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The mortality rate from AKI was 5% and the case fatality rate was 18%. Conclusion These results highlight the relevance of AKI as a significant complication of COVID-19 and suggest that more careful and early control of associated factors could potentially reduce mortality and lethality. It is crucial to intensify research in this field to better clarify the mechanisms involved in kidney injury in COVID-19 patients, as well as to identify more effective therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment in this context.

Hábitos alimentarios y caries de la primera infancia en una población uruguaya: estudio piloto / Dietary habits and early childhood tooth cavities in a uruguayan population: pilot study / Hábitos alimentares e cárie dentária na primeira infância numa população uruguaia: estudo piloto

Objetivo: conocer la relación entre el perfil de consumo de alimentos (frecuencia y tipo) con la prevalencia, extensión y distribución de las lesiones de caries en niños de 18-35 meses de la ciudad de Montevideo, Uruguay. Material y método: se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 50 niños, de ambos sexos. Los padres respondieron a un cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos, hábitos alimenticios e higiene bucal. Dos examinadoras calibradas registraron las lesiones de caries de acuerdo al criterio ICDAS-epi, índice de placa visible e índice PUFA. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos para caries dental y dieta (tipo de alimento, incorporación y frecuencia). Resultados: los niños examinados presentaban una edad promedio de 26,6±5,9 meses. La prevalencia de caries fue de 34%, con una extensión de 2,3 y 4,3 para ceo-d y ceo-s, respectivamente. Mayoritariamente se observaron lesiones severas, no tratadas, en el sector anterosuperior y posteroinferior. El índice PUFA fue de 8%. El 30% consumía leche materna, 54% leche con azúcar y el 100% consumía diariamente bebidas azucaradas no lácteas y alimentos azucarados antes de los 11 meses de vida. Los niños que consumían bebidas azucaradas (no lácteas) en biberón presentaron mayor extensión y severidad de las lesiones de caries (ceo-d modificado = 3,5 y ceo-s modificado = 7,8). Conclusiones: el conocimiento de los patrones de alimentación en la primera infancia necesitan ser profundizados. La población estudiada mostró la temprana incorporación de azúcar a la dieta, alertando sobre la presencia de un factor de riesgo común a diversas enfermedades no transmisibles (caries, diabetes, obesidad, enfermedades cardiovasculares).

Objective: to learn the relation between the food consumption profile (frequency and type) and the prevalence, extension and distribution of cavity lesions in children of 18-35 months of age from the city of Montevideo, Uruguay. Material y Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out in 50 children, of both sexes. Parents answered a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic data, eating habits and oral hygiene. Two examiners recorded caries lesions on each tooth surface according to ICDAS-epi criteria, visible plaque index and PUFA index. Descriptive analysis of the variables were performed. The diet analysis considered food type, incorporation time and frequency through percentages. Results: children examined had an average age of 26.6 ± 5.9 months of age. The cavity prevalence was 34%, with an extension of 2.3 and 4.3 for ceo-d and ceo-s respectively. For the most part, severe untreated injuries were observed located in the anterior superior and posterior-inferior sector. The PUFA index was 8%. 30% consumed breast milk, 54% milk with sugar, 100% consumed beverages and sugary foods, mostly before 11 months and daily. Children who consumed sugary drinks (non-milk) in a bottle presented greater extent and severity of cavity lesions (ceo-d modificated= 3.5 and ceo-s modificated = 7.8). Conclusions: we need to deepen our knowledge of feeding patterns in early childhood. The population studied showed the early incorporation of sugar into the diet, warning about the presence of a common risk factor for various non-communicable diseases (cavities, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases).

Objetivo: conhecer a relação entre o perfil de consumo alimentar (frequência e tipo) com a prevalência, extensão e distribuição das lesões de cárie em crianças de 18-35 meses da cidade de Montevidéu, Uruguai. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal em 50 crianças, de ambos os sexos. Os pais responderam a um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos, hábitos alimentares e higiene bucal. Dois examinadores calibrados registraram lesões de cárie em cada superfície dentária de acordo com os critérios ICDAS-epi, índice de placa visível e índice de PUFA. Foi realizada análise descritiva das variáveis. A análise da dieta considerou o tipo de alimento, o tempo de incorporação e a frequência por meio de porcentagens. Resultados: as crianças examinadas tinham idade média de 26,6 ± 5,9 meses. A prevalência de cárie foi de 34%, com extensão de 2,3 e 4,3 para ceo-d e ceo-s respectivamente. Em sua maioria, lesões graves não tratadas foram observadas localizadas no setor anterossuperior e póstero-inferior. O índice PUFA foi de 8%. 30% consumiam leite materno, 54% leite com açúcar, 100% consumiram bebidas e alimentos açucarados antes dos 11 meses e diariamente. Crianças que consumiram bebidas açucaradas (não lácteos) em mamadeira apresentaram maior extensão e gravidade das lesões de cárie (ceo-d = 3,5 e ceo-s = 7,8). Conclusões: o conhecimento dos padrões de alimentação na primeira infância precisa ser aprofundado. A população estudada mostrou a incorporação precoce do açúcar na dieta, alertando para a presença de um fator de risco comum para diversas doenças não transmissíveis (cárie, diabetes, obesidade, doenças cardiovasculares).

Linfocitopenia como biomarcador de gravedad en pacientes pediátricos con la COVID-19 / Lymphocytopenia as a biomarker of severity in pediatric patients with COVID-19

Introducción: La COVID-19 en edades pediátricas presenta características singulares; un pequeño número de pacientes pediátricos desarrollan un estado clínico grave. Objetivos: Evaluar si la linfocitopenia es un predictor de gravedad en pacientes pediátricos con la COVID-19. Métodos: Se estudiaron en 706 pacientes, las variables edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos personales de enfermedades crónicas de la infancia (asma bronquial, diabetes mellitus), comorbilidades, estado clínico, valores de linfocitos, conteo absoluto de linfocitos (≤ 1 x 109/L = linfocitopenia). De acuerdo con el estado clínico los pacientes se agruparon en 5 grupos, de asintomáticos a críticos. Se determinó la correlación entre el estado clínico y el conteo absoluto de linfocitos; de este se determinó su capacidad discriminativa para estimar el pronóstico. Resultados: La media de la edad fue 8,6 años; el 6,2 por ciento de los pacientes evolucionó al estado grave o crítico; 74,6 por ciento tuvo valores normales de linfocitos, el 16,14 por ciento altos y el 9,2 por ciento bajos. Linfocitopenia presentó el 4,2 por ciento; se correlacionó significativamente con estado grave, área bajo la curva de 0,711 (IC 95 por ciento: 0,595-0,827); 46 por ciento de sensibilidad y 98 por ciento de especificidad. Conclusiones: La linfocitopenia es un biomarcador que puede estimar el pronóstico en pacientes pediátricos con la COVID-19 que desarrollan un estado clínico grave (AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 in pediatric ages presents unique features; a small number of pediatric patients develop severe clinical status. Objectives: To evaluate whether lymphocytopenia is a predictor of severity in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Methods: In 706 patients were studied the variables age, sex, personal pathological history of childhood chronic diseases (bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus), comorbidities, clinical status, lymphocyte values, absolute lymphocyte count (≤ 1 x 109/L = lymphocytopenia). According to clinical status patients were grouped into 5 groups, from asymptomatic to critical. The correlation between clinical status and absolute lymphocyte count was determined; its discriminative capacity to estimate prognosis was determined. Results: The mean age was 8.6 years; 6.2 percent of patients progressed to severe or critical condition; 74.6 percent had normal lymphocyte values, 16.14 percent high and 9.2 percent low. Lymphocytopenia presented 4.2 percent; it was significantly correlated with severe condition, area under the curve of 0.711 (95 percent CI: 0.595-0.827); 46 percent sensitivity and 98 percent specificity. Conclusions: Lymphocytopenia is a biomarker that can estimate prognosis in pediatric patients with COVID-19 who develop severe clinical status (AU)

Cirugía bariátrica y evolución de COVID-19 / Bariatric surgery and evolution of COVID-19

INTRODUCTION. Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for developing severe new coronavirus disease. Bariatric surgery prior to infection could behave as a protective factor against serious infections and death. OBJECTIVE. To describe the impact of bariatric surgery on the severity and mortality of patients with obesity and new coronavirus disease; through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the specialized literature from 2020-2022. METHODOLOGY. Publications indexed in databases such as Pubmed, Tripdatabase, and Google scholar, on the impact of previous bariatric surgery on the evolution and prognosis of patients with new coronavirus disease were taken. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess quality and risk of bias. RevMan 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS. Eight cohort studies were included, with a population of 137 620 adult subjects with obesity and new coronavirus disease; of these, 5638 (4.09%) had a history of bariatric surgery. In the meta-analysis, it was determined that, in subjects with obesity and new coronavirus disease, the history of bariatric surgery had a protective effect against the use of mechanical ventilation [OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.62-0.75] (p<0.001) and mortality [OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.50-0.65] (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS. The history of bariatric surgery in subjects with obesity seems to have a protective effect against the severity defined by the use of mechanical ventilation in patients with obesity and mortality due to the new coronvirus disease; therefore, the resumption of bariatric surgical activity, at pre-pandemic levels, could represent an additional benefit for candidate subjects.

INTRODUCTION. Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for developing severe new coronavirus disease. Bariatric surgery prior to infection could behave as a protective factor against serious infections and death. OBJECTIVE. To describe the impact of bariatric surgery on the severity and mortality of patients with obesity and new coronavirus disease; through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the specialized literature from 2020-2022. METHODOLOGY. Publications indexed in databases such as Pubmed, Tripdatabase, and Google scholar, on the impact of previous bariatric surgery on the evolution and prognosis of patients with new coronavirus disease were taken. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess quality and risk of bias. RevMan 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS. Eight cohort studies were included, with a population of 137 620 adult subjects with obesity and new coronavirus disease; of these, 5638 (4.09%) had a history of bariatric surgery. In the meta-analysis, it was determined that, in subjects with obesity and new coronavirus disease, the history of bariatric surgery had a protective effect against the use of mechanical ventilation [OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.62-0.75] (p<0.001) and mortality [OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.50-0.65] (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS. The history of bariatric surgery in subjects with obesity seems to have a protective effect against the severity defined by the use of mechanical ventilation in patients with obesity and mortality due to the new coronvirus disease; therefore, the resumption of bariatric surgical activity, at pre-pandemic levels, could represent an additional benefit for candidate subjects.

Trauma severity predictors / Preditores de gravidade no trauma

This review aimed to determine which are the indexes for early detection and evaluation of clinical and physiological deterioration of traumatized patients. A Scoping Review according to the methods proposed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was performed from February 2018 to December 2018 on LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), and SCOPUS databases. Sixty-two studies were included, of which 43 evaluated patients with general trauma. A variety of physiological variables, such as Glasgow Coma Score, Glucose, Days in the Intensive Care Unit, Lactate, and predictor indexes - Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Revisited Trauma Score (RTS), and APACHE II were identified. The values observed in the studies among patients were compared to the ones determined by the basic literature, being called Critical Values (CV). The group of gravity indexes, besides clinical and regulatory protocols, found in this review are the solidification of the healthcare process involving the traumatized patient's responses to the actions of the healthcare team. The analysis of these indexes must be emphasized to determine, with greater reliability, the prognosis of the patient. With these data, it may be possible to effectively predict mortality rates (AU).

O objetivo desta revisão é determinar os índices para detecção precoce e avaliação clínica e fisiológica para deterioração de pacientes do trauma. Conduziu-se uma revisão de escopo de acordo com os métodos propostos pelo Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) entre fevereiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2018 nas bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latina-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e SCOPUS. Foram incluídos 62 estudos, dos quais 43 sobre trauma geral. Encontrou-se grande diversidade de variáveis fisiológicas, como Escala de Coma de Glasgow, Glicose, dias em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, lactato e índices preditores­Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Reviseted Trauma Score (RTS) e APACHE II. Os valores observados nos pacientes dos estudos encontrados foram comparados com os da literatura básica, sendo denominados Valores Críticos (CV). O grupo de índices de gravidade encontrados neste estudo, além de protocolos reguladores e clínicos, são a solidificação do processo de cuidado envolvendo a resposta das ações da equipe em saúde ao paciente de trauma. A análise desses índices deve ser enfatizada para determinar com maior confiabilidade o prognóstico do paciente. Com esses dados, pode ser possível predizer a taxa de mortalidade com maior acurácia (AU).

Utilidad de la proteína C-reactiva para determinar la gravedad de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en Perú / Usefulness of C-reactive protein to determine the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Peru

INTRODUCCIÓN: En los últimos años se han estudiado diversos biomarcadores para determinar los casos graves de COVID-19. La proteína C-reactiva (PCR) ha mostrado alta sensibilidad en la identificación de pacientes con enfermedad grave y utilidad comparable a la tomografía. OBJETIVO: Determinar la utilidad de la PCR para predecir gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes hospitalizados en el Centro Médico Naval del Perú durante el periodo enero-septiembre del año 2021. MÉTODOS: Se empleó un diseño de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, y de tipo prueba diagnóstica. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 503 pacientes, quienes fueron divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo a su gravedad. RESULTADOS: Se determinó un punto de corte óptimo de 10,92 mg/L de los valores de PCR para el diagnóstico de enfermedad grave por COVID-19. Se calculó un área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0,762 y se obtuvieron valores de sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictores positivo, negativo y precisión diagnóstica de 78,88%, 66,4%; 41,42%; 87,01%; y 67,27%, respectivamente. El normograma de Fagan mostró una probabilidad posprueba de 41%. En el modelo ajustado fueron significativas la PCR (ORa = 4,853; IC95% 2,987-7,886; p = 0,001), además de la ferritina (ORa = 1,001; IC 95%: 1,001-1,002; p = 0,001) e hipotiroidismo (OR ajustado = 4,899; IC 95%: 1,272-18,872; p = 0,021). CONCLUSIONES: El presente estudio mostró la asociación entre la PCR y la gravedad de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en un modelo ajustado, mostrando su potencial utilidad y contribuyendo a determinar el punto de corte de la PCR en población peruana y su comparación a nivel internacional.

BACKGROUND: Recently, many biomarkers have been studied to determine severe cases of COVID-19. C-reactive protein (CRP) has shown high sensitivity in identifying patients with severe disease and utility comparable to computed tomography. AIM: To determine the usefulness of CRP to predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients hospitalized at the Naval Medical Center of Peru during the period January-September in the year 2021. METHODS: A quantitative, observational, analytical, retrospective, and diagnostic test type design was used. A sample size of 503 patients was calculated, which were divided into two groups according to their severity. RESULTS: An optimal cut-off point of 10.92 mg/L for CRP levels was determined for the diagnosis of severe COVID-19. An area under the curve (AUC) of 0.762 was calculated and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy values of 78.88%, 66.4%; 41.42%; 87.01%; and 67.27%; respectively. Fagan's normogram showed a post-test probability of 41%. In the adjusted model, CRP (aOR = 4.853; 95% CI 2.987-7.886; p = 0.001), ferritin (aOR = 1.001; 95% CI: 1.001-1.002; p = 0.001) and hypothyroidism (adjusted OR = 4899; 95% CI: 1272-18872; p = 0.021) showed significance. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed an association between CRP and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an adjusted model, showing its potential utility and contributing to determine the cut-off point of CRP in the Peruvian population and its international comparison.

Correlation between macrophage chemotaxis and disease severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the enhancement of macrophage chemotaxis in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its correlation with the disease severity.@*METHODS@#Eighty patients with KOA admitted from July 2019 to June 2022 were enrolled as the observation group and divided into 29 cases of moderate group, 30 cases of severe group and 21 cases of extremely severe group. At the same time, 30 healthy subjects were included as the control group. The gene expressions of NF-κB, CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) and CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in macrophages of each group were analyzed. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of joint pain. Joint function was evaluated by knee Joint Society Scoring system(KSS). Finally, data analysis was carried out.@*RESULTS@#The expression levels of NF-κB, CXCR7 and CXCL12 in moderate group, severe group and extreme recombination group were higher than those in control group. The VAS, the expression of NF-κB, CXCR7 and CXCL12 in the severe group and the extreme recombination group were higher than those in the moderate group, whereas KSS was lower than that in the moderate group. The VAS, expression levels of NF-κB, CXCR7 and CXCL12 in the extremely severe group were higher than those in the severe group, and KSS was lower than that in the severe group (all P<0.01). The expression levels of NF-κB, CXCR7 and CXCL12 in macrophages were positively correlated with VAS score, but negatively correlated with KSS(all P<0.01). The expression levels of NF-κB, CXCR7 and CXCL12 in macrophages were positively correlated with the severity of disease. After excluding the influence of traditional factors (gender, age and disease duration), multiple linear regression analysis further showed that the expression levels of NF-κB, CXCR7 and CXCL12 were still positively correlated with the severity of disease(all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The chemotaxis of macrophages in patients with KOA increased with the aggravation of the disease, and was related to the degree of pain and function impairment.

Anomalies électrocardiographiques chez les patients hospitalisés pour COVID-19 à Fianarantsoa, Madagascar

Les anomalies électrocardiographiques sont l'expression d'une atteinte cardiovasculaire lors de la COVID-19. Les troubles du rythme et de la conduction cardiaque peuvent mettre en jeu le pronostic vital à court terme au cours de la COVID -19. Notre objectif principal est de décrire les anomalies électrocardiographiques et leurs fréquences chez les patients atteints de la COVID -19. L'objectif secondaire est de déterminer l'association entre ces anomalies électrocardiographiques et la gravité de la maladie. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive des patients hospitalisés pour COVID-19 dans les centres de traitement COVID -19 de Fianarantsoa sur une période de 14 mois. Résultats : Nous avons retenu 101 patients. Le sex-ratio était de 1,06. La moyenne d'âge était de 59,81ans +/- 11,9. Tous les patients retenus avaient un électrocardiogramme à 12 dérivations et un test positif à la COVID-19. L'électrocardiogramme (ECG) était anormal chez 87 (86,1%) patients. Dans les formes graves et modérées de la maladie nous avons enregistré à l'ECG: 51 (50,5%) tachycardies sinusales, 13 (12,8%) blocs de branche incomplets droits, 13 (12,8%) profil S1Q3T3, 24 (23,7%) ondes Q pathologiques, 19 (18,8%) anomalies du segment ST. Dans les formes graves de la maladie nous avons enregistré à l'ECG: 2 (3,8%) bloc auriculoventriculaire complet (BAV complet), 7 (13,4%) blocs de branche gauche complet (BBG), 5 (9,6%) blocs de branche droit complet (BBD). La tachycardie sinusale avait une association significative avec la gravité de la maladie (p=0,002). Conclusion : Des anomalies électrocardiographiques ont été observées dans notre étude. La tachycardie sinusale était associée à la gravité de la maladie. Une surveillance rythmique, des explorations cardiaques plus pertinentes sont nécessaires pour une meilleure prise charge de la COVID-19

Haematological indices and coagulation profile as predictors of disease severity and associations with clinical outcome among COVID­19 patients in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: This study aims to evaluate the use of haematological indices and coagulation profiles as possible low cost predictors of disease severity and their associations with clinical outcomes in COVID 19 hospitalized patients in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: We carried out a hospital based descriptive 3 month observational longitudinal study of 58 COVID 19 positive adult patients admitted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain the participants' relevant sociodemographic and clinical data, including disease severity. Basic haematologic indices, their derivatives, and coagulation profile were obtained from patients' blood samples. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to compare these laboratory based values with disease severity. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54.4 ± 14.8 years. More than half of the participants were males (55.2%, n = 32) and most had at least one comorbidity (79.3%, n = 46). Significantly higher absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil­lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), lower absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and lymphocyte­monocyte ratio (LMR) were associated with severe disease (P< 0.05). Patients' hemoglobin concentration (P= 0.04), packed cell volume (P< 0.001), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (P= 0.03) were also significantly associated with outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of disease severity was significant for the ANC, ALC, NLR, LMR, and SII. The coagulation profile did not show any significant associations with disease severity and outcomes in this study. Conclusion: Our findings identified haematological indices as possible low cost predictors of disease severity in COVID 19 in Nigeria

Técnica de Seldinger® modificada para inserção de catéter central de inserção periférica / Modified Seldinger® technique for peripherally inserted central catheter insertion

Resumo: Os recém-nascidos durante o período de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal necessitam de cateterismo percutâneo no tratamento devido à gravidade clínica apresentada e à terapia de infusão necessária para a restauração das funções vitais. Na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, essa tecnologia é a primeira escolha quando o paciente necessita de acesso venoso a partir de 7 dias, já que o procedimento pode ser realizado à beira leito, por enfermeiros capacitados e dispensa anestesia geral. Com o tempo, o procedimento de inserção do dispositivo vascular passou por refinamentos. A tecnologia de Seldinger modificada foi uma das inovações incrementais. Entretanto, no contexto público no qual o hospital se encaixa, a incorporação de novas tecnologias é tardia e, portanto, os enfermeiros permaneciam utilizando a tecnologia convencional para cateterismo percutâneo. Assim, o estudo desenvolvido agregou novas funcionalidades e características à terapia de infusão de neonatos criticamente enfermos, resultando em ganho efetivo de qualidade no cuidado e segurança, sem alterar as funções e finalidades já existentes da tecnologia em vigor. Objetivo: implementar o uso da tecnologia de Seldinger modificada para a inserção de cateterismo percutâneo em recém-nascidos criticamente enfermos. Método: estudo quase experimental. A intervenção realizada foi a capacitação por meio da avaliação pré e pós-teste, realizada em hospital de referência. Participaram da pesquisa 48 profissionais de enfermagem (enfermeiros e técnicos). A intervenção educativa foi avaliada por meio de instrumento aplicado anteriormente para analisar os conhecimentos prévios sobre a temática, e na sequência houve o pós-teste. O instrumento de avaliação da intervenção para os enfermeiros caracterizou-se por conter 37 questões relacionadas à pré-inserção, à inserção e à manutenção do dispositivo vascular. Para os técnicos de enfermagem, o instrumento de avaliação continha 20 questões sobre os cuidados relacionados ao cateter. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados por técnicas estatísticas adequadas. Resultados: Para ambos os grupos, houve maior número de acertos no pós-teste do que no pré-teste. Os enfermeiros demostraram confiabilidade na inserção e manutenção do dispositivo. Na avaliação das inserções executadas por enfermeiros, através da observação direta, verificou-se melhora na realização da segunda inserção do cateter pela nova tecnologia em comparação com a primeira. Os técnicos obtiveram maior acerto nos cuidados após a capacitação. Conclusão: o processo de incorporação da tecnologia na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal foi satisfatório. A capacitação evidenciou que os profissionais de saúde necessitam de educação continuada e permanente, e resultou em aumento do conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre a tecnologia de Seldinger modificada.

Abstract: Newborns during their stay in a neonatal intensive care unit need percutaneous catheterization for treatment due to the clinical severity presented and the infusion therapy required to restore vital functions. In the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, this technology is the first choice when the patient needs venous access from 7 days since the procedure can be performed at the bedside by trained nurses and does not require general anesthesia. Over time, the vascular device insertion procedure has undergone refinements. The modified Seldinger technology was one of the incremental innovations. However, in the public context in which the hospital is located, the incorporation of new technologies is late and, therefore, nurses continued to use conventional technology for percutaneous catheterization. Thus, the study developed added new functionalities and features to infusion therapy for critically ill neonates, resulting in an effective gain in quality of care and safety, without changing the existing functions and purposes of the technology in force. Objective: to implement the use of modified Seldinger technology for percutaneous catheterization insertion in critically ill newborns. Method: quasi-experimental study. The intervention was training through pre- and post-test evaluation, carried out in a reference hospital. Forty-eight nursing professionals (nurses and technicians) participated in the research. The educational intervention was evaluated by means of a previously applied instrument to analyze the previous knowledge about the theme, and then there was the post-test. The instrument to evaluate the intervention for nurses contained 37 questions related to pre-insertion, insertion, and maintenance of the vascular device. For the nursing technicians, the evaluation instrument contained 20 questions about catheter-related care. Descriptive data analysis was performed using appropriate statistical techniques. Results: For both groups, there were more correct answers in the post-test than in the pre-test. The nurses showed reliability in device insertion and maintenance. In the evaluation of the insertions performed by nurses, through direct observation, there was an improvement in the second catheter insertion using the new technology when compared to the first. The technicians were more accurate in their care after the training. Conclusion: the process of incorporating the technology in the neonatal intensive care unit was satisfactory. The training showed that health professionals need continued and permanent education and resulted in increased knowledge of nursing professionals about the modified Seldinger technology.

El trastorno del lenguaje de las personas con esquizofrenia y su relación con la gravedad y la funcionalidad / The language disorder of people with schizophrenia and its relationship with severity and functionality

RESUMEN: Objetivo: estudiar las características del lenguaje en pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia u otros trastornos psicóticos. Método: 55 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia (50) y trastorno esquizoafectivo (5). Se aplica la escala TLC de Andreasen, la escala EEAG para la funcionalidad, la CGI para la gravedad. Se recogen datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: Las medias son: edad: 61,47 años, internamiento: 19,47 años, CGI: 5,8, EEAG: 32,5. La subescala de desconexión de la TLC puntúa de media: 8,43, y la de Subproducción verbal: 1,2. La desconexión correlaciona negativamente con EEAG, y positivamente con CGI. La Subproducción verbal correlaciona con CGI. Conclusiones: Los participantes presentan un grado de gravedad elevado y de funcionalidad bajo. Presentan alteraciones importantes del lenguaje, particularmente de pobreza del habla, pero también de desconexión verbal. Con puntuaciones que varían de leve a moderado. Ambas subescalas correlacionan con gravedad. Además, la desconexión es mayor en los pacientes con peor funcionalidad. La alteración del lenguaje en esquizofrenia está relacionada con la gravedad y la funcionalidad, lo cual tiene importantes consecuencias en la vida de las personas que padecen esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Objective: to study the characteristics of language in patients suffering from schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Method: 55 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (50) and schizoaffective disorder (5). The Andreasen TLC scale, the EEAG scale for functionality and the CGI for gravity are applied. Sociodemographic data are collected. Results: Mean age: 61.47 years, mean years hospitalized: 19.47 years, CGI: 5.8, EEAG: 32.5. The TLC disconnection subscale scores on average: 8.43, and the Verbal Underproduction: 1.2. Disconnection correlates negatively with EEAG, and positively with CGI. Verbal underproduction correlates with CGI. Conclusions: The participants present a high degree of severity and low functionality. They present significant language alterations, poor speech, and verbal disconnection. With scores ranging from mild to moderate. Both subscales correlate with severity. In addition, the Disconnection is greater in patients with worse functionality. Language impairment in schizophrenia is related to severity and functionality, which has important consequences in the lives of people with this disease.

Administración de fluidos a pacientes graves y su relación con la mortalidad / Fluids administration to seriously ill patients and its relationship with mortality

Introducción: La administración de fluidos constituye uno de los pilares de tratamiento en pacientes que ingresan en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, en quienes la reanimación inadecuada y la sobrecarga de volumen empeoran el pronóstico. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado de la administración de fluidos a pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila y su relación con la mortalidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo analítico y prospectivo de 147 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila durante el primer semestre de 2020, para lo cual se evaluaron 598 pruebas de fluidos, algunas variables hemodinámicas y el balance de líquidos en las primeras 72 horas del ingreso. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 48,3 años, predominaron las mujeres (55,8 %), la puntuación de APACHE II al ingreso resultó ser de 14,2 puntos y fallecieron 22,4 % de los afectados. Para administrar fluidos prevaleció el criterio clínico (57,2%); mientras que la presión venosa central, la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial media y la diuresis fueron similares en vivos y fallecidos. El balance acumulado de fluidos fue significativamente superior en el grupo de pacientes fallecidos (1984,70 mL vs 260mL). Conclusiones: Los cambios en los parámetros vitales después de administrar fluidos no fueron útiles para evaluar la respuesta al volumen. El balance acumulado de fluidos se relacionó de forma significativa con la mortalidad.

Introduction: Fluids administration constitutes one of the treatment pillars in patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit in which the inadequate reanimation and overload of volume worsen the prognosis. Objective: To characterize the state of fluid administration to patients admitted to the Intensive Cares Units of Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola Teaching General Hospital in Ciego de Ávila and its relationship with mortality. Methods: An analytic and prospective descriptive study of 147 patients admitted to the Intensive Cares Units of Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola Teaching General Hospital was carried out in Ciego de Ávila during the first semester of 2020, for which 598 tests of fluids, some hemodynamic variables and the balance of liquids were evaluated in the first 72 hours of admission. Results: The average age was 48.3 years, there was a prevalence of women (55.8 %), the punctuation of APACHE II at admission was 14.2 points and 22.4 % of those affected died. To administer fluids the clinical approach prevailed (57.2 %); while the central venous pressure, heart frequency, the mean arterial pressure and diuresis were similar in alive and dead patients. The accumulated balance of fluids was significantly higher in the group of dead patients (1984.70 mL vs 260 mL). Conclusions: The changes in the vital parameters after administering fluids were not useful to evaluate the response to the volume. The accumulated balance of fluids was related to mortality in a significant way.

Tomada de decisões ético-profissionais em situações de excepcionalidade à pandemia da Covid-19: revisão de escopo / Ethical-professional decision-making in exceptional situations given the Covid-19 pandemic: a scoping review / Toma de decisiones ético-profesionales en situaciones excepcionales en la pandemia de Covid-19: revisión de alcance

OBJETIVO: apresentar um panorama sobre o processo de tomada de decisões ético-profissionais em situações de excepcionalidade no início da pandemia da Covid-19. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, incluindo documentos publicados entre dezembro/2019 a julho/2020 nas seguintes bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, CINAHL e BVS. Adotou-se o PRISMA-ScR Checklist para apresentação da revisão. RESULTADOS: foram selecionados 28 documentos, organizados em cinco categorias: Requisito Técnico-Médico-Científico, Justiça e Equidade, Histórico de Saúde, Comissão para Tomada de Decisão Compartilhada e Quadro Respiratório Grave. CONCLUSÃO: os critérios indicados para priorizar o processo de atenção direcionado a pacientes graves com Covid-19 foram: parâmetros técnico-médico-científico, gravidade do quadro clínico, maior idade, ser profissional da saúde, presença de doenças de base incurável, realização de sorteio e pacientes com maior probabilidade de sobrevivência.

OBJECTIVE: to present an overview of the ethical-professional decision-making process in exceptional situations at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: this is a scoping review, including documents published between December 2019 and July 2020 in the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, CINAHL and BVS. The PRISMA-ScR Checklist was adopted to present the review. RESULTS: a total of 28 documents were selected, organized into five categories: Technical-Medical-Scientific Requirement, Justice and Equality, Health History, Commission for Shared Decision-Making and Severe Respiratory Condition. CONCLUSION: the criteria indicated to prioritize the care process targeted at critically-ill patients with COVID-19 were as follows: technical-medical-scientific parameters; severity of the clinical condition; older age; being a health professional; presence of incurable underlying diseases; carrying out draws; and patients with a higher survival probability.

OBJETIVO: presentar un panorama del proceso de toma de decisiones ético-profesionales en situaciones excepcionales al comienzo de la pandemia de Covid-19. MÉTODO: se trata de una revisión de alcance, que incluye documentos publicados entre diciembre de 2019 y julio de 2020 en las siguientes bases de datos: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, CINAHL y BVS. Se adoptó la PRISMA-ScR Checklist para presentar la revisión. RESULTADOS: fueron seleccionados 28 documentos, organizados en cinco categorías: Requerimiento Médico Científico Técnico, Justicia y Equidad, Historial de Salud, Comisión para la Toma de Decisiones Compartidas y Cuadro Respiratorio Grave. CONCLUSIÓN: los criterios señalados para priorizar el proceso de atención dirigido a pacientes críticos con Covid-19 fueron: parámetros médicos científicos técnicos, gravedad del cuadro clínico, mayor edad, ser profesional de la salud, presencia de enfermedades de base incurables, realizar sorteos y pacientes con mayor probabilidad de supervivencia.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Disease Severity and Quality of Life of Patients with Psoriasis

Background@#Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory multi-system disease characterised by keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Data regarding patients’ disease severity, knowledge and quality of life (QOL) is important to optimize treatment strategies for psoriasis. This study aims to evaluate and investigate the relationship between disease severity, knowledge and QOL of patients with psoriasis. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional multicentre study utilizing a socio-demographic data collection form, Psoriasis Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire (PKAQ), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI was conducted. Correlations between PKAQ, DLQI and PASI were analysed using Spearman’s test. @*Results@#A total of 114 subjects participated in this study. Majority of them had mild psoriasis (n=73, 64%) based on PASI. The mean score of PKAQ was fourteen out of a total possible score of twenty-five, whereas the DLQI had a non-parametric distribution with a median (interquartile range) of 7 (10). Most subjects (32.5%) stated that psoriasis had a ‘moderate effect’ on their QOL, while only 3.5% said that it had an ‘extremely large effect’ on their QOL. There was a statistically significant correlation between PASI and DLQI (rs = 0.264, p = 0.004), with higher PASI scores corresponding to higher DLQI scores. No statistically significant correlation was found between DLQI and PKAQ (rs = -0.048, p= 0.612), and between PASI and PKAQ (rs = 0.058, p= 0.542).@*Conclusion@#Impairment of QOL was positively associated with severity of psoriasis. However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and quality of life, as well as between knowledge and psoriasis severity.

Facilidades e entraves da referência em unidade de pronto atendimento / Facilidades y barreras de referencia en una unidad de atención de emergencia / Eases and hindrances of reference in an emergency care unit

Resumo Objetivo descrever, na perspectiva de enfermeiros e médicos, as facilidades e os entraves da referência em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Método estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento de um município de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Participaram sete enfermeiros e 23 médicos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada e analisados mediante a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados as facilidades envolveram: ter serviços de referência especializados; gravidade do paciente; atendimento em "vaga zero"; boa relação entre os profissionais dos serviços de urgência e a empatia. Dentre os entraves, estavam: contato difícil por telefone com os hospitais e a superlotação destes; dificuldade para conseguir transporte, sobretudo, para paciente com situação clínica estável e a falta de ambulância do município. Conclusão e implicações para a prática as facilidades da referência potencializam o atendimento às urgências, porém, os entraves, referentes à vaga hospitalar e ao transporte, podem comprometer a integralidade e a continuidade do cuidado, necessitando de melhorias na atenção à saúde em rede.

Resumen Objetivo describir, desde la perspectiva de enfermeros y médicos, las facilidades y barreras de referencia en una Unidad de Urgencias. Método estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado en una Unidad de Urgencias de una ciudad de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Participaron siete enfermeros y 23 médicos. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y analizados usando la técnica del Discurso Colectivo del Sujeto. Resultados las facilidades involucradas: contar con servicios de referencia especializados; gravedad del paciente; servicio en "vacante cero"; buena relación entre los profesionales de los servicios de urgencias y la empatía. Entre los obstáculos estaban: el difícil contacto telefónico con los hospitales y su hacinamiento; dificultad para conseguir transporte, especialmente para pacientes con situación clínica estable y falta de ambulancia en la ciudad. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica las facilidades de referencia mejoran la atención de emergencia, sin embargo, las barreras, relacionadas a la vacante hospitalaria y el transporte, pueden comprometer la integridad y continuidad de la atención, requiriendo mejoras en la atención en red.

Abstract Objective to describe, from the perspective of nurses and physicians, the eases and hindrances of referrals in an Emergency Care Unit. Method a descriptive, qualitative study, carried out in an Emergency Care Unit in a city of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Seven nurses and 23 physicians participated. Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. Results the eases involved: having specialized reference services; patient severity; care in "zero vacancy"; good relationship among professionals of the emergency services and empathy. Among the hindrances were: difficult contact by telephone with hospitals and their overcrowding; difficulty in getting transport, especially for patients with stable clinical situation and the lack of ambulance from the municipality. Conclusion and implications for the practice the referral facilities potentiate the attendance to urgencies, however, the hindrances, referring to hospital vacancy and transport, can compromise the integrality and continuity of care, requiring improvements in network health care.