ABSTRACT
The use of eco-friendly natural products is one of the major areas of research that has anticoccidial properties.This investigation aims to identify and evaluate the bioactive constituents of the Indigofera oblongifolialeaf extract (IOLE), as an antimalarial. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine any significant information about the functional groups, as well as assays for total phenolics, tannins, total flavonoids, DPPH, ABTS tests, XRD, and UV-VIS Spectroscopic analysis. The results of FTIR analysis of the extract showed the presence of 5 phytochemical compounds. Moreover, the quantitative analysis revealed that the concentrations of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids were, 219.106±1.0792, 89.438±0.1599, and 19±0.1500 (mg TAE/g DW), respectively. The results obtained indicate that these extracts have a high level of antioxidant activity and the scavenging activity of DPPH radicals. The UV-VIS showed varying absorbances between 300 and 800 nm. The IOLE proved effective against Plasmodium berghei in mice.
El uso de productos naturales respetuosos con el medio ambiente es una de las principales áreas de investigación que poseen propiedades anticoccidianas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y evaluar los constituyentes bioactivos del extracto de hojas de Indigofera oblongifolia (IOLE) como antimalárico. Se utilizó espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) para determinar información significativa sobre los grupos funcionales, así como ensayos para fenoles totales, taninos, flavonoides totales, pruebas de DPPH y ABTS, análisis de DRX y espectroscópico UV-VIS. Los resultados del análisis FTIR del extracto mostraron la presencia de 5 compuestos fitoquímicos. Además, el análisis cuantitativo reveló que las concentraciones de fenoles, taninos y flavonoides fueron de 219.106±1.0792, 89.438±0.1599 y 19±0.1500 (mg TAE/g DW), respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos indican que estos extractos tienen un alto nivel de actividad antioxidante y actividad de eliminación de radicales DPPH. El UV-VIS mostró absorciones variables entre 300 y 800 nm. El IOLE demostró ser eficaz contra Plasmodium berghei en ratones.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Antimalarials/pharmacology , Saudi Arabia , Indigofera/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La melina (Gmelina arborea), es una especie de gran interés por su madera y propiedades medicinales. En Costa Rica, existen clones genéticamente superiores que se propagan sin el conocimiento de la edad ontogénica y fisiológica de los materiales. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación del contenido de fenoles y ligninas en hojas, peciolos, tallos y raíces de plantas con diferentes edades. Métodos: Los contenidos de fenoles y ligninas totales se determinaron mediante el método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteu y el método de extracción alcalina, respectivamente. Para la investigación se eligieron plantas in vitro "año cero" y árboles de año y medio, cuatro, siete y 20 años. El muestreo se realizó en marzo y abril del 2021. Resultados: Se demostró que todas las partes de la planta analizadas contienen compuestos fenólicos y ligninas, independientemente de su edad. No hubo una correlación positiva entre la edad con el contenido de fenoles y ligninas para ninguna condición de desarrollo, pues los valores más altos no se obtuvieron en los árboles más longevos. Los extractos de hojas de las plantas in vitro y los árboles de siete años mostraron, respectivamente, los contenidos más altos de fenoles y ligninas para todas las condiciones (P < 0.05). Los valores promedio más bajos de compuestos fenólicos para todas las condiciones se obtuvieron en los árboles de cuatro años. Respecto a las ligninas, el contenido más bajo se presentó en las raíces más longevas, aunque la tendencia no se mantuvo para el resto de las partes de la planta. Conclusiones: La investigación muestra los primeros resultados del contenido de compuestos fenólicos y ligninas presentes en diferentes tejidos de una especie forestal de edades diferentes. Por lo tanto, son los primeros valores de referencia acerca del compromiso bioquímico para la síntesis fenólica según la edad y el estado de desarrollo específico de una planta leñosa.
Abstract Introduction: Melina (Gmelina arborea) is a tree species of great interest for its wood and medicinal properties. In Costa Rica, there are genetically superior clones that are propagated without knowledge of the ontogenic and physiological age of the materials. Objective: To evaluate how age influences the content of phenols and lignins in leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of melina plants. Methods: The total phenolic and lignins contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and alkaline extraction method, respectively. Plants of five different ages were chosen for the investigation (in vitro plants "year 0" and trees of a year and a half, four, seven and 20 years). Sampling was done in March and April 2021. Results: All parts of the plant analyzed contain phenolic compounds and lignins, regardless of their age. There was no positive correlation between age and phenol and lignin content for any development condition, since the highest values were not obtained in the oldest trees. Leaf extracts from in vitro plants and seven-year-old trees showed, respectively, the highest phenol and lignin contents for all conditions (P < 0.05). The lowest average values of phenolic compounds for all conditions were obtained in four-year-old trees. Regarding lignins, the lowest content occurred in the oldest roots, although the trend was not maintained for the rest of the plant parts. Conclusions: This study provides the first results of the content of phenolic compounds and lignins present in different tissues of a forest species of different ages. Therefore, they are the first reference values about the biochemical commitment for phenolic synthesis according to the age and the specific developmental stage of a woody plant.
Subject(s)
Phenols/analysis , Trees , Lignin/analysis , Sampling Studies , Lamiaceae , Phytochemicals/analysisABSTRACT
Trunk barks of Sacoglottis ceratocarpa Ducke (ScTB) are used in Amazonian folk medicine against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, although scientific information on efficacy and quality control is lacking. Thus, pharmacognostic parameters, qualitative phytochemical profile, antioxidant properties (DPPH, TEAC and FRAP), toxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The purity tests in the quality control performed for the vegetable raw material showed compliance with the specifications in official compendiums. Tannins, catechins, terpenes and steroids were characterized. Bergenin, a gallic acid derivative, was isolated and identified. The ScTB was rich in total phenolic (0.420-0.562 g/g) and flavonoid (11.37-24.31 mg/g) content, and considerable antioxidant potential. ScTB did not demonstrate cytotoxicity for human erythrocytes and renal fibroblasts, nor toxicity for brine shrimp. The results demonstrated the importance of the pharmacognostic study for the immediate knowledge of the quality and qualitative chemical profile of the trunk barks, contributing to the safe and effective use of the species.
La corteza del tronco de Sacoglottis ceratocarpa Ducke (ScTB) se utiliza en la medicina popular Amazónica contra la hiperglucemia y la dislipidemia, aunque se carece de información científica sobre su eficacia y control de calidad. Así, se evaluaron parámetros farmacognósticos, perfil fitoquímico cualitativo, propiedades antioxidantes (DPPH, TEAC y FRAP), toxicidad y citotoxicidad. Las pruebas de pureza de la materia prima vegetal demostraron el cumplimiento de las especificaciones de los compendios oficiales. Se caracterizaron taninos, catequinas, terpenos y esteroides. Se aisló e identificó la bergenina, un derivado del ácido gálico. El ScTB fue rico en contenido fenólico total (0,420-0,562 g/g) y flavonoides (11,37-24,31 mg/g), y un considerable potencial antioxidante. ScTb no demostró citotoxicidad para células humanas, ni toxicidad para camarones en salmuera. Los resultados demostraron la importancia del estudio farmacognóstico para el conocimiento inmediato de la calidad y perfil químico cualitativo de las cortezas del tronco, contribuyendo al uso seguro y eficaz de la especie.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Bark/chemistry , Medicine, Traditional , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Introducción: La granada Punica granatum es originaria del sur de Asia es altamente apreciada por su sabor y por los compuestos fitoquímicos que confieren beneficios a la salud. Objetivo: Determinar el potencial biológico de arilos deshidratados, mermelada y jugo concentrado elaborados con las variedades Wonderful, Apaseo y Tecozautla. Materiales y métodos: Las variables evaluadas fueron: Sólidos solubles totales (SST, °Brix), pH, Contenido de Fenoles Totales [CFT, mg/Equivalentes de Ácido Gálico (GAE)/100g o ml], y Capacidad Antioxidante [CA, mili Molar Equivalentes de Trolox (mMTE)/100g o ml] y Contenido de antocinaninas totales [CAT, Equivalente de Cianidin 3-Glucosido (ECn3G) mg/100ml]. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los arilos deshidratados fueron los que presentaron el mayor contenido de fenoles totales (1386,09 mg/ GAE/100g) y mayor Capacidad antioxidante (220,12 mMTE/100g); sin embargo, el jugo concentrado mostró el mayor contenido de antocianinas totales (34,97 ECn3G mg/100ml). Con respecto a variedades, la variedad Wonderful presentó mayor contenido de fenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante y contenido de antocianinas totales con 1248,86 mg/GAE/100 g, 175,07 mMTE/100 g y 41,91 ECn3G mg/100ml, respectivamente. El jugo concentrado tuvo mayores cantidades de compuestos biofuncionales que el jugo natural. Conclusiones: En los arilos deshidratados y en los jugos concentrados se incrementaron los compuestos biofuncionales con respecto a los arilos y jugo natural. La variedad Wonderful mostró mayor contenido de compuestos biofuncionales y capacidad antioxidante(AU)
Introduction: The Punica granatum pomegranate is native to South Asia and is highly appreciated for its flavor and phytochemical compounds that confer health benefits. Objective: Determine the biological potential of dehydrated arils, jam and concentrated juice made with the Wonderful, Apaseo and Tecozautla varieties. Materials and methods: The variables evaluated were: Total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix), pH, Total Phenol Content [TPC, mg /Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/100g or ml], and Antioxidant Capacity [AC, milli Molar Trolox Equivalents (mMTE)/100 g or ml] and content of total anthocyanin [TAC, Cyanidin 3-Glucoside Equivalent (ECn3G) mg/100ml]. Results: The results show that the dehydrated arils were those that presented the highest TPC (1386.09 mg/GAE/100g) and highest AC (220.12 mMTE/100g); However, the concentrated juice showed the highest content of total anthocyanin's (34.97 ECn3G mg/100ml). Regarding varieties, the Wonderful variety presented higher TPC, AC and TAC with 1248.86 mg/GAE/100 g, 175.07 mMTE/100 g and 41.91 ECn3G mg /100ml, respectively. The concentrated juice had higher amounts of biofunctional compounds than the natural juice. Conclusions: In the dehydrated arils and concentrated juices, the biofunctional compounds increased compared to the arils and natural juice. The Wonderful variety showed a higher content of biofunctional compounds and antioxidant capacity(AU)
Subject(s)
Phenols , Phytochemicals , Pomegranate , Antioxidants , Juices , Gallic Acid , Glucosides , AnthocyaninsABSTRACT
Orijin bitters, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale roscoe have been reported to possess various medicinal properties. The aim of the study is to evaluate their effects on the kidney of adult wistar rats. Methodology: thirty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, each having 5 rats. Group 1 received distilled water, group 2, 70cl/70kg/bw orijin bitters, group 3, orijin bitters and 200mg/kg/bw Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract, group 4, orijin bitters and 500mg/kg/bw Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract, group 5, orijin bitters and 200mg/kg/bw officinale rhizome aqueous extract, group 6, orijin bitters and 500mg/kg/bw Zingiber officinale rhizome aqueous extract over a 21-day period. After administration, the rats were sacrificed and the kidney harvested for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: Orijin bitters altered renal function, indicated by elevated level of malondialdehyde and decreased level of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, along with histopathological changes such as glomerular atrophy and tubular degeneration compared to the control. The result was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conversely, aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and Zingiber officinale rhizome exhibited antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress and mitigating renal damagecompared to the orijin bitters group only. Although the result was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Orijin bitters may have nephrotoxic effects, while Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale may offer protective benefits, due to their antioxidant properties.
Se ha informado que Orijin bitters, Hibiscus sabdariffa y Zingiber officinale Roscoe poseen varias propiedades medicinales. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar sus efectos sobre el riñón de ratas adultas Wistar. Metodología: Treinta ratas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 6 grupos, cada uno con 5 ratas. El grupo 1 recibió agua destilada, el grupo 2, 70 cl/70 kg/pc de Orijin bitters, el grupo 3, Orijin bitters y 200 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa, el grupo 4, Orijin bitters y 500 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa, el grupo 5, Orijin bitters y 200 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso del rizoma de Zingiber officinale, el grupo 6, Orijin bitters y 500 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso del rizoma de Zingiber officinale durante un período de 21 días. Después de la administración, las ratas fueron sacrificadas y se extrajeron los riñones para análisis bioquímico e histológico. Resultados: Orijin bitters alteró la función renal, lo que se indica por un aumento en el nivel de malondialdehído y una disminución en el nivel de superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutatión, junto con cambios histopatológicos como atrofia glomerular y degeneración tubular en comparación con el grupo de control. El resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo (P < 0.05). Por el contrario, los extractos acuosos de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa y rizoma de Zingiber officinale exhibieron propiedades antioxidantes, reduciendo el estrés oxidativo y mitigando el daño renal en comparación con el grupo que solo recibió Orijin bitters. Aunque el resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo (P < 0.05). Conclusión: Orijin bitters puede tener efectos nefrotóxicos, mientras que Hibiscus sabdariffa y Zingiber officinale pueden ofrecer beneficios protectores debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Zingiber officinale/chemistry , Hibiscus/chemistry , Kidney/pathology , Phytotherapy/methods , Research Design , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Photomicrography , Histological Techniques , Rats, Wistar , Periodic Acid/metabolism , Dosage , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Antioxidants/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Dietary consumption of polyphenols, found in fruits and vegetables, has been associated with a potentially protective role in colorectal cancer (CRC). To establish the state of knowledge regarding advances in polyphenols, CCR and action mechanisms a systematic review and an analysis of information available until 2021 were made. Results indicate that only some polyphenols have in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies. These studies showed that polyphenols will inhibit human CRC cell invasion, migration, metastasis formation, tumor growth. Action mechanisms involve signaling pathways that modulate genes, proteins, markers or cell death inductors, like the AMPK pathway, caspases, Bcl-2, p-Akt, and NF-kB, lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular cycle arrest, among the best known and implied in CRC. Overall, in vitro, preclinical and clinical data on phytochemicals against CRC are still not sufficient and therefore the preventive or therapeutic impacts of dietary phytochemicals on CRC development deserve further research.
El consumo dietético de polifenoles, que se encuentran en frutas y verduras, se ha asociado con un papel potencialmente protector contra el cáncer colorrectal (CCR). Para establecer el estado del conocimiento respecto a los avances en polifenoles, CCR y mecanismos de acción, se realizó una revisión sistemática y un análisis de la información disponible hasta el año 2021. Los resultados indican que sólo algunos polifenoles cuentan con estudios in vitro, preclínicos y clínicos. Estos estudios demostraron que los polifenoles inhiben la invasión, migración, formación de metástasis y crecimiento de tumores de células de CCR humanas. Los mecanismos de acción involucran vías de señalización que modulan genes, proteínas, marcadores o inductores de muerte celular, como la vía AMPK, caspasas, Bcl-2, p-Akt y NF-kB, disfunción lisosomal y mitocondrial, parada del ciclo celular, entre los más conocidos e implicados en el CCR. En general, los datos in vitro, preclínicos y clínicos sobre fitoquímicos contra el CCR aún no son suficientes y, por lo tanto, los impactos preventivos o terapéuticos de los fitoquímicos dietéticos en el desarrollo del CCR requieren más investigación.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control , Polyphenols/therapeutic use , Phytochemicals/therapeutic use , Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
SUMMARY: This study evaluated the phytochemical screening, antioxidant capacity, and in vitro anticancer activities of four plants namely, Gypsophila capillaris, Anabasis lachnantha, Haloxylon salicornicum, and Horwoodia dicksoniae which belong to four different families: Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae, respectively. The total phenolics, anthocyanins, saponins, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DPPH assays were determined by spectrophotometer. In vitro anticancer activity was assessed using two human cancer cell lines; hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) to estimate the inhibition concentration 50 % (IC50). The results showed that H. dicksoniae has the highest concentrations of phenolics and saponins, while H. salicornicum has the highest DPPH. The highest concentration of TAC was found in G. capillaries. Among the tested extracts, G. capillaries and H. salicornicum have the potential activity against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cell lines in vitro. The content of polyphenols in G. capillaries was profiled by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest concentration among the phenolic compounds was chlorogenic (60.8 µg/ml) while the highest concentration among the flavonoid compounds was hesperidin (1444.92 µg/ml). In summary, G. capillaries and H. salicornicum extracts have potent anticancer activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines.
Este estudio evaluó la detección fitoquímica, la capacidad antioxidante y las actividades anticancerígenas in vitro de cuatro plantas, Gypsophila capillaris, Anabasis lachnantha, Haloxylon salicornicum y Horwoodia dicksoniae, que pertenecen a cuatro familias diferentes: Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae y Brassicaceae, respectivamente. Los ensayos de fenólicos totales, antocianinas, saponinas, capacidad antioxidante total (TAC) y DPPH se determinaron mediante espectrofotómetro. La actividad anticancerígena in vitro se evaluó utilizando dos líneas celulares de cáncer humano; carcinoma hepatocelular (HepG-2) y adenocarcinoma de mama (MCF- 7) para estimar la concentración de inhibición del 50 % (IC50). Los resultados indicaron que H. dicksoniae tiene las concentraciones más altas de fenólicos y saponinas, mientras que H. salicornicum tiene el DPPH más alto. La mayor concentración de TAC se encontró en G. capillaries. Entre los extractos probados, G. capillaries y H. salicornicum tienen actividad potencial contra líneas celulares MCF-7 y HepG-2 in vitro. El contenido de polifenoles en G. capillaries se perfiló mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). La concentración más alta entre los compuestos fenólicos fue clorogénica (60,8 µg/ml), mientras que la concentración más alta entre los compuestos flavonoides fue la hesperidina (1444,92 µg/ml). En resumen, los extractos de Gypsophila capillaris y H. salicornicum tienen una potente actividad anticancerígena contra las líneas celulares HepG-2 y MCF-7.
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Phenols/analysis , Saponins/analysis , Saudi Arabia , In Vitro Techniques , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Metabolomics , Hep G2 Cells/drug effects , MCF-7 Cells/drug effects , Phytochemicals , Anthocyanins/analysis , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The present review was aimed at documenting medicinal uses of species of the Euphorbiaceae family in Zimbabwe. Literature was collected from online databases such as BioMed Central, W eb of Science, Springerlink, Google Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, Science Direct, ACS Publications, Scopus and JSTOR. This study showed that 29 species are used to manage human and animal diseases in Zimbabwe. These species are used against 49 medical condition s, mainly as ethnoveterinary medicine (21 use reports), and traditional medicine against respiratory (23 use reports), gastro - intestinal (14 use reports), male reproductive (11 use reports), antenatal and postpartum (10 use reports each) and sexually trans mitted infections (9 use reports). Acalypha brachiata , Bridelia cathartica , B. mollis , Croton megalobotrys , Euphorbia ingens , E. matabelensis , Flueggea virosa , Monadenium lugardiae , Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia , Ricinus communis and Spirostachys afric ana have the highest number of medicinal uses. There is need to unravel the therapeutic potential of the family through further ethnopharmacological research.
La p resente revisión tuvo como objetivo documentar los usos medicinales de especies de la familia Euphorbiaceae en Zimbabwe. La literatura se recopiló de bases de datos en línea como BioMed Central, Web of Science, Springerlink, Google Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, Science Direct, ACS Publications, Scopus y JSTOR. Este estudio mostró que se utilizan 29 especies para el tratamiento de enfermedades humanas y animales en Zimbabwe. Estas especies se utilizan para tratar 49 condiciones médicas, principalmente como medici na etnoveterinaria (21 informes de uso), y medicina tradicional para enfermedades respiratorias (23 informes de uso), gastrointestinales (14 informes de uso), reproductivas masculinas (11 informes de uso), prenatales y posparto (10 informes de uso cada una ) e infecciones de transmisión sexual (9 informes de uso). Acalypha brachiata , Bridelia cathartica , B. mollis , Croton megalobotrys , Euphorbia ingens , E. matabelensis , Flueggea virosa , Monadenium lugardiae , Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia , Ricinus communi s y Spirostachys africana son las especies con mayor número de usos medicinales. Es necesario desvelar el potencial terapéutico de esta familia a través de futuras investigaciones etnofarmacológicas.
Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Euphorbiaceae , Zimbabwe , Ethnobotany , Euphorbia , PhytochemicalsABSTRACT
Hystrix brach yura bezoar is calcified undigested material found in the gastrointestinal tract known for various medicinal benefits including as an anticancer agent. However, the H. brachyura population has been declining due to its demand and is under Malaysian law pro tection. Therefore, present study aimed to identify bezoar anticancer active compounds through metabolomics and in - silico approaches. Five replicates of bezoar powder were subjected to extraction using different solvent ratios of methanol - water (100, 75, 5 0, 25, 0% v/v). Cytotoxicity and metabolite profiling using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry were conducted. Putative compounds identified were subjected to in - silico analysis with targeted anticancer proteins namely, Bcl - 2, Cyclin B/CDK1 complex, V EGF and NM23 - H1. The correlation of LC - MS and cytotoxicity profile pinpointed two compounds, mangiferin and propafenone. In - silico study showed both compounds exerted good binding scores to all proteins with hydrophobic interaction dominating the ligand - pr otein complex binding, suggesting the ligands act as hydrophobes in the interactions.
El bezpar de Hystrix branchyura es material calcificado sin digerir encontr ados en el tracto gastrointestinal, conocido por sus variados beneficios médicos, incluyendo propiedades anticancerosas. De todas formas, la población de H. Branchyura ha ido declinando debido a su demanda y está bajo la protección de la ley de Malasia. Po r esto, este estudio busca identificar los componentes activos anticancerosos del bezoar mediante abordajes metabolómico e in silico. Cinco réplicas de polvo de bezoar fueron sometidos a extracción usando solventes con diferentes proporciones metanol - agua (100, 75, 50, 25, 0% v/v). Se hicieron perfiles de citotoxicidad y de metabolitos usando cromatografía líquida - espectrometría de masa ( LC - MS ). Se identificaron compuestos putativos yse sometieron a a nálisis in silico, buscando las proteínas anticancerosas B cl - 2, complejo Cyclin B/CDK1, VEGF, y NM23 - H1. La correlación LC - MS y el perfil de citotoxicidad identificaron dos compuestos: mangiferina y propafenona. El estudio in silico mostró que ambos compuestos tenían buenos índices de enlace con todas las proteín as con interacción hidrofóbica dominando el enlace complejo proteína - ligando, sugeriendo que los ligandos actúan como hidrófobos en las interacciones
Subject(s)
Bezoars/metabolism , Brachyura/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Multivariate Analysis , Metabolomics , Molecular Docking Simulation , Phytochemicals , Liquid Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
The burden of epilepsy in developing countries made medicinal plants like Xylopia aethiopica fruit; Khaya grandifoliola, Alstonia boonei etc an alternative source in epilepsy management in the south-western part of Nigeria. The aim of the study was to provide pharmacological rationale for the ethnomedicinal use of the plants in epilepsy management. The oral medial lethal dose of methanol stem bark extracts of Alstonia boonei (MEAB) and Khaya grandifoliola (MEKG) and methanol fruit extract of Xylopia aethiopica (MEXAF) were done in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development guideline. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical profiling of the extracts was done. Anticonvulsant screening was carried out on the extracts (doses: 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) using the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure and maximum electroshock tests (MEST). Results showed that the MEXAF has the highest amount of phytochemicals except for saponins in MEKG; and MEAB with the least amount (but higher alkaloid) than MEKG. The TLC showed different bands of spots of the extracts. In the PTZ test, MEXAF showed 100 % protection against mortality at 300 mg/kg; MEAB with 66.67 % protection at 75 mg/kg and MEKG 0 % protection. MEAB, MEKG and MEXAF nonsignificantly increased the onset of seizure and latency to death. In the MEST, MEXAF, MEKG and MEAB at 75 mg/kg protected 50, 33.3 and 16.67% of the animals against tonic hind limb extension respectively and nonsignificantly (pË0.05) decreased the recovery time at a dose of 75 mg/kg. It was concluded that the extracts possess anticonvulsant activities hence, the pharmacological credence for the ethnomedicinal use of these plants in treating epilepsy.
Subject(s)
Seizures , Plant Extracts , Alstonia , Diagnosis , Epilepsy , Xylopia , Anticonvulsants , Plants, Medicinal , Prevalence , Meliaceae , PhytochemicalsABSTRACT
A eficácia dos implantes osseointegrados é amplamente reconhecida na literatura científica. Contudo, infiltrações bacterianas na junção implante-pilar podem desencadear inflamação nos tecidos circundantes, contribuindo para a evolução de condições mais sérias, como a peri-implantite. O objetivo desse estudo foi produzir complexos polieletrólitos (PECs) de quitosana (Q) e xantana (X) em forma de membranas, carregá-las com ativos naturais e sintéticos antimicrobianos, caracterizálas estruturalmente e avaliá-las frente a degradação enzimática, cinética de liberação e ações antimicrobianas com finalidade de aplicação para drug delivery. Membranas de QX a 1% (m/v) foram produzidas em três proporções, totalizando doze grupos experimentais: QX (1:1); QX (1:2), QX (2:1), QX-P (com própolis) (1:1); QX-P (1:2); QX-P (2:1); QX-C (com canela) (1:1); QX-C (1:2); QX-C (2:1) e CLX (com clorexidina 0,2%) (1:1); CLX (1:2); CLX (2:1). Para os estudos de caracterização foram feitas análises da espessura em estado seco; análises morfológicas superficial e transversal em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV); análise estrutural de espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR); análise de degradação por perda de massa sob ação da enzima lisozima; e análise da cinética de liberação dos ativos em saliva artificial. Para os testes microbiológicos, análises de verificação de halo de inibição e ação antibiofilme foram feitas contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) e Escherichia coli (E. coli). Os resultados demonstraram que a espessura das membranas variou conforme a proporção, sendo que o grupo QX (1:2) apresentou a maior média de 1,022 mm ± 0,2, seguida respectivamente do QX (1:1) com 0,641 mm ± 0,1 e QX (2:1) com 0,249 mm ± 0,1. Nas imagens de MEV é possível observar uma maior presença de fibras, rugosidade e porosidade nos grupos QX (1:2) e QX (1:1) respectivamente, e, no QX (2:1) uma superfície mais lisa, uniforme e fina. No FTIR foram confirmados os picos característicos dos materiais isoladamente, além de observar as ligações iônicas que ocorreram para formação dos PECs. Na análise de degradação, os grupos com ativos naturais adicionados tiveram melhores taxas de sobrevida do que os grupos QX. No teste de liberação, os grupos QX-P tiveram uma cinética mais lenta que os QX-C, cuja liberação acumulada de 100% foi feita em 24 h. Já nos testes do halo inibitório, somente os grupos CLX tiveram ação sobre as duas cepas, e os QX-P tiveram sobre S. aureus. Nas análises antibiofilme, os grupos CLX apresentaram as maiores taxas de redução metabólica nas duas cepas (± 79%); os grupos QX-P apresentaram taxas de redução similares em ambas as cepas, porém com percentual um pouco maior para E. coli (60- 80%) e os grupos QX-C tiveram grande discrepância entre as duas cepas: de 35 a 70% para S. aureus e 14 a 19% para E. coli. Pode-se concluir que, frente as análises feitas, o comportamento do material foi afetado diretamente pelos ativos adicionados a matriz polimérica. As proporções de Q ou X afetaram somente a espessura final. Quanto a aplicação proposta de drug delivery, os dispositivos apresentaram grande potencial, principalmente os grupos CLX e QX-P. (AU)
The effectiveness of osseointegrated implants is widely recognized in scientific literature. However, bacterial infiltrations at the implant-abutment interface may trigger inflammation in surrounding tissues, contributing to the development of more serious conditions, such as peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to produce chitosan (Q) and xanthan (X) polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) in the form of membranes, load and evaluate them for enzymatic degradation, release kinetics, and antimicrobial actions for drug delivery applications. QX membranes at 1% (w/v) were produced in three proportions, totaling twelve experimental groups: QX (1:1), QX (1:2), QX (2:1), QX-P (with propolis) (1:1), QX-P (1:2), QX-P (2:1), QX-C (with cinnamon) (1:1), QX-C (1:2), QX-C (2:1), and CLX (with 0.2% chlorhexidine) (1:1), CLX (1:2), CLX (2:1). Characterization studies included analyses of dry state thickness, surface and crosssectional morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), structural analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mass loss degradation analysis under lysozyme action, and active release kinetics analysis in artificial saliva. Microbiological tests included verification analyses of inhibition halos and antibiofilm action against strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results showed that membrane thickness varied according to proportion, with group QX (1:2) presenting the highest average of 1.022 mm ± 0.2, followed by QX (1:1) with 0.641 mm ± 0.1, and QX (2:1) with 0.249 mm ± 0.1. SEM images showed greater presence of fibers, roughness, and porosity in groups QX (1:2) and QX (1:1) respectively, while QX (2:1) exhibited a smoother, more uniform, and thinner surface. FTIR confirmed characteristic peaks of the materials individually, besides showing ionic bonds formed for PECs. Degradation analysis revealed that groups with added natural actives had better survival rates than QX groups. In release tests, QX-P groups exhibited slower kinetics than QX-C, with 100% cumulative release achieved in 24 h. inhibitory halo tests, only CLX groups exhibited action against both strains, while QX-P acted against S. aureus. Antibiofilm analyses showed CLX groups with the highest metabolic reduction rates in both strains (± 79%); QX-P groups showed similar reduction rates in both strains, slightly higher for E. coli (60-80%), and QX-C groups had a significant discrepancy between strains: 35-70% for S. aureus and 14-19% for E. coli. In conclusion, material behavior was directly affected by added actives to the polymeric matrix. Proportions of Q or X only affected final thickness. Regarding proposed drug delivery applications, the devices showed great potential, especially CLX and QX-P groups.(AU)
Subject(s)
Drug Delivery Systems , Chitosan , Dental Implant-Abutment Design , Phytochemicals , PolyelectrolytesABSTRACT
Abstract This study presents the first preliminary phytochemical screening and investigation of the lipoidal matter of Latania verschaffeltii Lem. leaves, belonging to the Arecaceae family. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was used to analyze and identify compounds of saponifiable and unsaponifiable content. The preliminary phytochemical screening of total methanolic extract of Latania verschaffeltii Lem. leaves revealed the presence of unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic acids in the leaves. However, cardenolides, cyanogenic compounds, alkaloids, and iridoids were not detected. The results of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis indicated that the percentage of saturated fatty acids (83.82%) is higher than that of unsaturated fatty acids (9.42%). The predominant methyl ester of a saturated fatty acid detected in the sample was hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, accounting for 41.68% of the total. The composition of the unsaponifiable matter consisted of hydrocarbons (5.66%), fatty alcohols (0.96%), terpenes (85.97%), and sterols (2.18%). The major terpenes observed were phytol (43.62%) and squalene (39.27%).
Subject(s)
Triage , Plant Leaves/adverse effects , Arecaceae/classification , Egypt/ethnology , Phytochemicals/analysis , Alkaloids/agonists , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methodsABSTRACT
O câncer colorretal (CCR) é a segunda maior causa de morte por câncer no mundo. Os efeitos colaterais das terapias convencionais, normalmente agressivos, são comuns em todos os tratamentos indicados aos cânceres. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de fitoquímicos extraídos da pele de amendoim nos mecanismos antioxidantes e inibidores enzimáticos, e ainda, ação proliferativa e apoptótica em células de câncer colorretal - HCT116. O estudo incluiu dados teóricos publicados e resultados de analises in vitro, para estes foram testados extratos digeridos e não digeridos, sendo para a primeira etapa utilizados o extrato aquoso e de amostra digerida (fase 1 e fase 2), para a segunda etapa um extrato etanólico e etanólico digerido (fase 1 e fase 2): Manuscrito 1. "A review on the effects of bioactive compounds from peanut skin (Arachis hypogaea) on noncommunicable diseases". Manuscrito 2. "In Vitro Digestion of Peanut Skin Releases Bioactive Compounds and Increases Cancer Cell Toxicity. Manuscrito 3. "Controle de proliferação e apoptose via estresse oxidativo de extratos de pele de amendoim em células de câncer colorretal". A análise estatística dos dados laboratoriais foram comparados por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey ou teste t, conforme apropriado. O nível de significância foi fixado em 0,05. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando SPSS 23.0 para Windows (IBM, Armonk, NY). Os principais resultados do estudo mostram que a pele de amendoim, subproduto da indústria de amendoim, é fonte de inúmeros compostos bioativos e podem ser liberados pelo processo digestivo simulado, sendo, portanto, considerados bioacessíveis. Os extratos da primeira etapa de digestão apresentaram efeitos antioxidantes, de inibição enzimática e citotóxico em células de câncer HCT116. Os extratos da segunda etapa da digestão apresentaram efeitos pró-apoptóticos via estresse oxidativo e mitocondrial. Em conclusão, os resultados apontaram potenciais aplicações do subproduto e seus compostos bioativos em benefício a saúde humana, assim como funções anticâncer em células HCT116 via de estresse oxidativo e modulação de NF-κB e IkB.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Side effects from conventional, often aggressive, therapies are common in all cancer treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of phytochemicals extracted from peanut skins on antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory mechanisms, as well as on proliferative and apoptotic action in colorectal cancer cells - HCT116. The study included published theoretical data and results of in vitro analyses, for which digested and undigested extracts can have tested for the first-stage aqueous extract, and digested sample was used (phase 1 and phase 2) for the second-stage ethanolic extract and digested ethanolic extract (phase 1 and phase 2): Manuscript 1. "A review on the effects of bioactive compounds from peanut skin (Arachis hypogaea) in non-communicable diseases". Manuscript 2. "In vitro digestion of peanut skin releases bioactive compounds and increases cancer cell toxicity. Manuscript 3. "Control of proliferation and apoptosis via oxidative stress of peanut skin extracts in colorectal cancer cells". Statistical analysis of laboratory data was compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test or T-test, as appropriate. The significance level was set at 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 for Windows (IBM, Armonk, NY). The main results of the study show that the peanut skin, a by-product, is a source of numerous bioactive compounds, which can be released by the simulated digestive process, being bioaccessible. The extracts from the first stage showed antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects on HCT116 cells. The extracts from the second stage showed pro-apoptotic effects via oxidative and mitochondrial stress. In conclusion, the results point to potential applications of the by-product and its bioactive compounds to benefit human health, as well as anticancer functions in HCT116 cells via oxidative stress and modulation of NF-κB and IkB.
Subject(s)
Arachis , Colorectal Neoplasms , Apoptosis , Oxidative Stress , Phytochemicals , Noncommunicable DiseasesABSTRACT
Introdução: As Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis constituem importante problema de saúde pública, destacando-se a aterosclerose que é uma das principais causas de mortalidade global. Componentes da dieta, como o café podem modular o perfil lipídico, e contribuir na redução da hiperlipidemia. Contudo, o efeito do leite sobre estas propriedades não é claro. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito da adição de leite e de compostos bioativos do café em cápsula cafeinado e descafeinado em mecanismos relacionados ao metabolismo do colesterol in vitro em modelo de células intestinais Métodos: Foram adquiridos dois tipos de cápsulas comerciais de café expresso (tradicional e descafeinada) e o leite em lojas de alimentos da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. As bebidas foram preparadas conforme descrito na embalagem em cafeteira doméstica. As bebidas à base de café foram submetidas à digestão in vitro e os compostos fenólicos foram quantificados e identificados. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada por ORAC, ABTS e DPPH. Foram avaliadas a capacidade de inibição da lipase pancreática, de ligação com ácidos biliares e de inibição da solubilização micelar do colesterol de forma in vitro. Ademais, foi realizado ensaio de permeação do colesterol por um período de 2 e 24 horas e realizado o ensaio de western blotting para determinar o conteúdo proteico dos transportadores de colesterol (NPC1L1, ABCG5 e LXR-α) em Caco-2. Resultados: O conteúdo fenólico total variou de 168,21 a 397,38 mg equivalente a ácido clorogênico/mL. Todas as bebidas à base de café apresentaram atividade antioxidante, com destaque para as bebidas descafeinadas e com adição de leite, respectivamente. Os principais compostos bioativos foram cafeína, 5-cqa, cafeico, quinico, p-cumarico e ferulico. A adição de leite melhorou a bioacessibilidade do ácido cafeico e da cafeína. O café descafeinado teve maior efeito inibitório da lipase pancreática do que o café regular, independentemente da adição de leite. A atividade relativa a colestiramina, por sua vez, foi maior no café regular, regular com leite e descafeinado com leite na concentração 0,5 mg/mL e no regular com leite 1mg/mL. Apresentando maior capacidade de ligação com os ácidos biliares quando comparados ao padrão positivo (medicamento). Após o ensaio de permeação de colesterol em células Caco-2, os valores diferiram entre os compartimentos apical e basolateral nas três concentrações, esses valores demonstram uma tendência de redução da absorção de colesterol, independentemente das concentrações de café e adição de leite. As bebidas à base de café modularam negativamente o conteúdo proteico do NPC1L1 e positivamente LXR-α e ABCG5. Conclusão: As bebidas à base de café tiveram efeito positivo no metabolismo do colesterol e a adição de leite contribuiu para melhorar o efeito de algumas bebidas nesse mecanismo. Contudo, essas bebidas podem ser consideradas uma importante fonte alimentar com potencial efeito hipocolesterolêmico, capaz de reduzir a captação de lipídios no intestino, podendo ser utilizado como adjuvante no controle da hipercolesterolemia. Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar a aplicação clínica desses resultados em humanos.
Introduction: Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases are a major public health problem, especially atherosclerosis, which is one of the main causes of global mortality. Dietary components such as coffee can modulate the lipid profile and help reduce hyperlipidemia. However, the effect of milk on these properties is unclear. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of adding milk and bioactive compounds from caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee capsules on mechanisms related to cholesterol metabolism in vitro in an intestinal cell model. Methods: Two types of commercial espresso capsules (traditional and decaffeinated) and milk were purchased from food stores in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The beverages were prepared as described on the packaging in a domestic coffee maker. The coffee beverages were subjected to in vitro digestion and the phenolic compounds were quantified and identified. Antioxidant activity was determined by ORAC, ABTS and DPPH. The ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, to bind bile acids and to inhibit the micellar solubilization of cholesterol was assessed in vitro. In addition, a cholesterol permeation test was carried out for a period of 2 and 24 hours and a western blotting test was performed to determine the protein content of the cholesterol transporters (NPC1L1, ABCG5 and LXR-α) in Caco-2. Results: The total phenolic content ranged from 168.21 to 397.38 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent/mL. All the coffee beverages showed antioxidant activity, with decaffeinated and milk-added beverages standing out, respectively. The main bioactive compounds were caffeine, 5-cqa, caffeic, quinic, p-coumaric and ferulic. The addition of milk improved the bioaccessibility of caffeic acid and caffeine. Decaffeinated coffee had a greater inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase than regular coffee, regardless of the addition of milk. Cholestyramine activity was higher in regular coffee, regular coffee with milk and decaffeinated coffee with milk at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and regular coffee with milk at 1 mg/mL. It had a greater capacity to bind to bile acids when compared to the positive standard (drug). After the cholesterol permeation test in Caco-2 cells, the values differed between the apical and basolateral compartments at the three concentrations, these values showing a tendency to reduce cholesterol absorption, regardless of the concentrations of coffee and added milk. Coffee beverages negatively modulated the protein content of NPC1L1 and positively LXR-α and ABCG5. Conclusion: Coffee beverages had a positive effect on cholesterol metabolism and the addition of milk helped to improve the effect of some beverages on this mechanism. However, these beverages can be considered an important food source with a potential hypocholesterolemic effect, capable of reducing lipid uptake in the intestine, and can be used as an adjuvant in the control of hypercholesterolemia. More studies are needed to elucidate the clinical application of these results in humans.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol , Coffee , Milk , Atherosclerosis/diet therapy , PhytochemicalsABSTRACT
Reports from popular medicine usually act as a basis for the development of new drugs from natural compounds with therapeutic actions for serious diseases and prevalence such as cancer. Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. is a species of the Bromeliaceae family, considered an unconventional food plant, found in the south and midwest regions of Brazil. Despite the high nutritional content and pharmacological potential of its fruits, few scientific studies report its biological actions. Thus, this study evaluates the phytochemical profile of aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from B. antiacantha fruits, as well as their possible antioxidant, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. The aqueous extract exhibited phenolic compounds and flavonoids, while ethanol extracts indicated the presence of flavonoids and coumarin in their composition, regardless of the region of collection. The ethanolic extract demonstrated a more promising antioxidant effect than the aqueous extract and also induced a significant inhibition in the viability of human cervical cancer cells of the SiHa strain. In addition, treatment with both extracts did not alter the viability of non-tumor cells of the immortalized human keratinocyte lineage (HaCaT). These results bring new data about extracts obtained from a native plant, edible and traditionally used in popular medicine, opening new perspectives for its possible therapeutic application.
Relatos da medicina popular costumam atuar como referencial para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos a partir de moléculas naturais com ações terapêuticas para doenças de alta gravidade e prevalência como o câncer. Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. é uma espécie da família Bromeliaceae, considerada uma planta alimentícia não convencional (PANC), encontrada nas regiões sul e centro-oeste do Brasil. Apesar do alto teor nutritivo e potencial farmacológico de seus frutos, poucos estudos científicos relatam suas ações biológicas. Desta forma, este estudo avalia o perfil fitoquímico de extratos aquoso e etanólico obtidos de frutos de B. antiacantha, bem como a sua possível ação antioxidante, antitumoral e citotóxica. O extrato aquoso apresentou compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, enquanto os extratos etanólicos apontam a presença de flavonóides e cumarina em sua composição, independente da região de coleta. O extrato etanólico demonstrou efeito antioxidante mais promissor do que o extrato aquoso e também induziu uma inibição significativa na viabilidade de células humanas de câncer cervical da linhagem SiHa. Além disso, o tratamento com ambos extratos não alterou a viabilidade de células não tumorais da linhagem de queratinócitos humanos imortalizados (HaCaT). Estes dados trazem novas informações sobre extratos obtidos de uma espécie vegetal nativa, comestível e já utilizada tradicionalmente, mas abrindo novas perspectivas quanto a possíveis aplicações terapêuticas.
Subject(s)
Flavonoids , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Bromeliaceae , Bromelia , Therapeutic Uses , Phytochemicals , PhytotherapyABSTRACT
Introducción: El ejercicio físico puede generar especies reactivas de oxígeno que dañan componentes celulares esenciales, como la fatiga. Los flavonoides, debido a su baja toxicidad y actividad antioxidante, se han estudiado como potenciales suplementos alimenticios para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: Describir la evidencia científica que se ha obtenido sobre la eficacia del uso de flavonoides como suplementos para mejorar el rendimiento físico deportivo. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sobre la eficacia del uso de flavonoides como suplementos para el rendimiento físico y deportivo en las bases de datos PubMed y Google Scholar. Se utilizaron las palabras clave: flavonoid, supplementation, sport, exercise, fatigue, muscle, fats, physical activity, y se tomaron en cuenta los artículos publicados entre los años 2018 y 2022, en idioma inglés que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Resultados: Los flavonoides son capaces de disminuir la fatiga debido al esfuerzo físico en un contexto deportivo, principalmente debido a su capacidad de regular la actividad de agentes antioxidantes endógenos como las enzimas superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutatión peroxidasa, que se encargan de la neutralización de las especies reactivas de oxígeno. Además, son capaces de favorecer la neutralización de metabolitos tóxicos que se generan durante el ejercicio y de aumentar las reservas energéticas (glicógeno en el hígado y músculos) y la resistencia muscular. Conclusiones: Existe evidencia científica de que los flavonoides son capaces de mejorar el rendimiento físico deportivo principalmente al disminuir la fatiga e incrementar la resistencia muscular(AU)
Introduction: Physical exercise can generate reactive oxygen species that damage essential cellular components, such as fatigue. Flavonoids, due to their low toxicity and antioxidant activity, have been studied as potential dietary supplements to improve sports performance. Objective: To describe the scientific evidence that has been obtained on the efficacy of the use of flavonoids as supplements to improve sports physical performance. Methods: A search was carried out, in PubMed and Google Scholar databases, on the efficacy of the use of flavonoids as supplements for physical and sports performance. The keywords were used flavonoid, supplementation, sport, exercise, fatigue, muscle, fats, physical activity. Articles published from 2018 to 2022, in English, that met the selection criteria were taken into account. Results: Flavonoids are capable of reducing fatigue due to physical exertion in a sports context, mainly due to their ability to regulate the activity of endogenous antioxidant agents such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes, which are responsible for the neutralization of reactive oxygen species. In addition, they are capable of favoring the neutralization of toxic metabolites that are generated during exercise and of increasing energy reserves (glycogen in the liver and muscles) and muscular resistance. Conclusions: There is scientific evidence that flavonoids are capable of improving sports physical performance, mainly by reducing fatigue and increasing muscular resistance(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Exercise/physiology , Fatigue , Phytochemicals/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/therapeutic useABSTRACT
In the high Andean areas, the main economic activity is alpaca raising, which is affected by various infectious and parasitic diseases. Rural populations often resort to wild plants that have diverse properties and help control various diseases. The objective was to document the uses of wild plants in the control of alpaca diseases in the high Andean areas of the Puno and Arequipa regions. Fifty alpaca-breeding families were interviewed in five localities. Thirty-two species belonging to 16 families were reported, with the Asteraceae and Fabaceae families having the highest number of species. The most frequently treated pathologies were diarrhea, pneumonia, fever and enteric parasitosis. For diarrhea treatment, the most used plants were M. mollis, S. nutans and T. filifolia, for pneumonia were G. prostrata and G. viravira, for enteric parasitosis were B. tricuneata and L. daucifolia and for the elimination of ectoparasites (lice) was A. compacta. For all diseases, the treatment dose was higher in adults than in neonates and its application is in the rainy season. In acute disease conditions, rural families choice to drugs. Wild plants are a viable and sustainable alternative for the treatment of various diseases in alpacas.
En las zonas altoandinas la principal actividad económica es la crianza de alpacas, las mismas que son afectadas por diversas enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias. Las poblaciones rurales frecuentemente recurren a las plantas silvestres que tienen diversas propiedades y ayudan al control de diversas enfermedades. El objetivo fue documentar los usos de las plantas silvestres en el control de enfermedades de alpacas en las zonas altoandinas de la región Puno y Arequipa. Se entrevistó a 50 familias criadoras de alpacas en cinco localidades. Se reportaron 32 especies, pertenecientes a 16 familias, siendo la familia Asteraceae y Fabaceae con mayor número de especies. Las patologías que con mayor frecuencia se tratan fueron la diarrea, neumonía, fiebre y parasitosis entérica. Para el tratamiento de diarrea, las plantas más utilizadas fueron M. mollis, S. nutans y T. filifolia, para la nuemonía fueron G. prostrata y G. viravira, para parasitosis entérica fueron B. tricuneata y L. daucifolia y para la eliminación de ectoparásitos (piojos) fue A. compacta. Para todas las enfermedades, las dosis de tratamiento fueron superior en las adultas que en las crías y su aplicación es en la época de lluvias. En condiciones agudas de las enfermedades las familias rurales recurren a los fármacos. Las plantas silvestres, son una alternativa viable y sostenible para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades en alpacas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/prevention & control , Plants, Medicinal , Camelids, New World , Communicable Diseases/veterinary , Animal Diseases/drug therapy , Peru , Communicable Disease Control , Surveys and Questionnaires , Ethnobotany , Phytochemicals , Animal Diseases/prevention & control , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Clausena excavata is a famous folklore medicinal plant in Asian region that is being used for the treatment of different disorders. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of leaf extracts via MTT assay, as well as the in vitro apoptotic activities of the ethyl acetate C. excavata leaf extract (EACE) on human Burkitt's lymphoma, Raji, cell line using annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide flow cytometric assays. Pro-apoptotic (BAX) and anti-apoptotic (BCL-2, c-MYC) gene expressions were determined via real-time quantitative PCR. Phytochemical screening was done by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). EACE has the lowest IC50 (19.3 ± 0.35 µg/mL) among extracts. EACE-treated Raji cells after 48 h underwent apoptosis as evident by loss of cell viability and increase in the percentage of early and late apoptotic cells. The results also showed EACE mediated decreased in the BCL-2 and c-MYC gene expressions and increased in the BAX gene. C. excavata is a potential treatment for Burkitt lymphoma through activation of apoptosis.
Clausena excavata es una planta medicinal tradicional famosa en la región asiática que se utiliza para el tratamiento de diferentes trastornos. Este estudio investigó los efectos citotóxicos de los extractos de hojas a través del ensayo MTT, así como las actividades apoptóticas in vitro del extracto de hoja de acetato de etilo de C. excavata (EACE) en la línea celular de linfoma de Burkitt humano, Raji, usando citometría de flujo de yoduro de anexina-V-FITC/propidio. Las expresiones génicas proapoptóticas (BAX) y antiapoptóticas (BCL-2, c-MYC) se determinaron mediante PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real. El cribado fitoquímico se realizó mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). EACE tiene el IC50más bajo (19,3 ± 0,35 µg/mL) entre los extractos. Las células Raji tratadas con EACE después de 48 h sufrieron apoptosis como es evidente por la pérdida de viabilidad celular y el aumento en el porcentaje de células apoptóticas tempranas y tardías. Los resultados también mostraron una disminución mediada por EACE en las expresiones de los genes BCL-2 y c-MYC y un aumento en el gen BAX. C. excavata es un tratamiento potencial para el linfoma de Burkitt a través de la activación de la apoptosis.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy , Apoptosis/drug effects , Clausena/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Gene Expression , Cell Survival/drug effects , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate , Apoptosis/genetics , Annexin A5 , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , Phytochemicals/analysis , AcetatesABSTRACT
Introducción. El síndrome metabólico (SM) aumenta el ingreso hospitalario y el riesgo de desarrollar COVID-19, los fármacos utilizados para su tratamiento ocasionan efectos secundarios por lo que se ha optado por la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas a base de compuestos bioactivos contenidos en plantas medicinales. La canela se utiliza como agente terapéutico debido a sus propiedades comprobadas con diversos mecanismos de acción reportados en el tratamiento de varias patologías. Objetivo. Documentar los estudios in vitro, in vivo, estudios clínicos y los mecanismos de acción reportados del efecto de la administración de extractos y polvo de canela en las comorbilidades relacionadas con el SM. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemàtica de artículos en bases de datos electrónicas, incluyendo estudios de canela en polvo, extractos acuosos, de acetato de etilo y metanol de la corteza de canela, período de 5 años, excluyendo todo artículo relacionado a su efecto antimicrobiano, antifúngico y aceite de canela. Resultados. Las evidencias de los principales compuestos bioactivos contenidos en la canela validan su potencial en el tratamiento de enfermedades relacionadas al SM, con limitados estudios que indagan en los mecanismos de acción correspondientes a sus actividades biológicas. Conclusiones. Las evidencias de las investigaciones validan su potencial en el tratamiento de estas patologías, debido a sus principales compuestos bioactivos: cinamaldehído, transcinamaldehído, ácido cinámico, eugenol y, antioxidantes del tipo proantocianidinas A y flavonoides, los cuales participan en diversos mecanismos de acción que activan e inhiben enzimas, con efecto hipoglucemiante (quinasa y fosfatasa), antiobesogénico (UPC1), antiinflamatorio (NOS y COX), hipolipemiante (HMG-CoA) y antihipertensivo (ECA)(AU)
Introduction. Metabolic syndrome (MS) increases hospital admission and the risk of developing COVID-19. Due to the side effects caused by the drugs used for its treatment, the search for therapeutic alternatives based on bioactive compounds contained in medicinal plants has been chosen. Cinnamon is used as a therapeutic agent due to its proven properties with various mechanisms of action reported in the treatment of various pathologies. Objective. To document the in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical studies and the mechanisms of action reported on the effect of the administration of cinnamon extracts and powder on comorbidities related to MS. Materials and methods. Systematic review of articles in electronic databases, including studies of cinnamon powder, aqueous extracts, ethyl acetate and methanol from cinnamon bark, over a period of 5 years, excluding all those articles related to its antimicrobial, antifungal and antimicrobial effect. cinnamon oil. Results. The evidence of the main bioactive compounds contained in cinnamon validates its potential in the treatment of diseases related to MS, with limited studies that investigate the mechanisms of action corresponding to its biological activities. Conclusions. Research evidence validates its potential in the treatment of these pathologies, due to its main bioactive compounds: cinnamaldehyde, transcinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, eugenol, and antioxidants of the proanthocyanidin A type and flavonoids, which participate in various mechanisms of action that activate and they inhibit enzymes, with hypoglycemic (kinase and phosphatase), antiobesogenic (UPC1), anti-inflammatory (NOS and COX), lipid-lowering (HMG-CoA) and antihypertensive (ACE) effects(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Metabolic Syndrome , Diabetes Mellitus , Phytochemicals , Obesity , Body Weight , Hypoglycemic Agents , Anti-Inflammatory AgentsABSTRACT
In this study, we investigated the influence of mixture design on the chemical profile of Eugenia unifloraleaves, evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, the toxic and hemolytic potential, with the focus on the improvement of the polyphenol's extraction for incorporation of the extract in semi-solid forms with antifungal action. The chemical analysis was evaluated by UV-Vis and HPLC. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hemolytic activities were monitored. The flavonoid content ranged from 2.63-7.98 %w/w and tannins from 5.42-18.29 %w/w. The extract consisted of gallic acid (0.09-1.29%; w/w), ellagic acid (0.09-0.37%; w/w), and myricitrin (0.18-1.20%; w/w). The most successful solvent system with the highest level of active extract was water: ethanol: propylene glycol. The extracts showed fungicidal properties (3.9 µg/mL), high antioxidant activity (IC50: 9.50 µg/mL), and low toxicity. These solvent mixtures can improve the in vitro bioactivities when compared to pure solvents and this result demonstrates the importance of mixture designs as useful tools for creating high-quality herbal products and elucidate the potential of E. uniflora glycolic extracts as active herbal pharmaceutical ingredients in topical delivery systems.
En este estudio investigamos la influencia del diseño de mezclas en el perfil químico de hojas de Eugenia uniflora, evaluando las actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas, el potencial tóxico y hemolítico, con el foco en la mejora de la extracción de polifenoles para la incorporación del extracto en formas semi-sólidas con acción antifúngica. El análisis químico se evaluó mediante UV-Vis y HPLC. Se monitorizaron las actividades antimicrobianas, antioxidantes y hemolíticas. El contenido de flavonoides osciló entre 2,63 y 7,98% p/p and taninos de 5,42-18,29% p/p. El extracto consistió en ácido gálico (0.09-1.29%; p/p), ácido elágico (0.09-0.37%; p/p) y miricitrina (0.18-1.20%; p/p). El sistema de disolventes más exitoso con el nivel más alto de extracto activo fue agua: etanol: propilenglicol. Los extractos mostraron propiedades fungicidas (3.9 µg/mL), alta actividad antioxidante (IC50: 9.50 µg/mL) y baja toxicidad. Estas mezclas de disolventes pueden mejorar las bioactividades in vitro en comparación con los disolventes puros y este resultado demuestra la importancia de los diseños de mezclas como herramientas útiles para crear productos a base de hierbas de alta calidad y dilucidar el potencial de los extractos glicólicos de E. uniflora como ingredientes farmacéuticos a base de hierbas en sistemas de entrega activos.