Alterations in haematological and clotting profile of post-menopausal women in Benin City, Nigeria

Background: The cessation of ovarian functions at menopause and the accompanying decline in the production of ovarian steroid hormones creates a unique set of health concerns for women. Reductions in sex steroid levels, particularly oestrogen, have been associated with various diseases and conditions, including bleeding disorders, coronary heart disease (CHD), osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction, urinary incontinence, hot flushes, and mood changes, among others. Objective: To determine changes in haemorheological and clotting profile in post-menopausal women. Methods: Two hundred participants comprising one hundred and fifty post-menopausal women and fifty healthy pre-menopausal control subjects were studied. The investigations carried out include whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen concentration, Prothrombin time (PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (APTTK) levels and complete blood count using standard methods. Results: The mean age (p=0.01), platelet count (p= 0.013), neutrophil (p= 0.03), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (p= 0.045) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (p=0.044) in postmenopausal women were significantly higher while lymphocyte count (p= 0.004) was significantly lower in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women. Similarly, plasma oestradiol (p= 0.001), plasma viscosity (p= 0.03), relative blood viscosity (p= 0.03), whole blood viscosity (p= 0.03) and PTTK(p= 0.04) were significantly lower among postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal control subjects. Conclusion: Relative plasma viscosity correlated positively with age. There were significantly lower levels of haemorheological and clotting profile in post-menopausal women. These changes may be due to age or a decline in circulating oestrogen levels.

Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes for coronary heart disease with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women by Logistic regression combined with ROC curve model / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the correlation of coronary heart disease(CHD) with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the prediction model via logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve model. A retrospective comparison was made between 366 postmenopausal CHD patients from August 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, in the Department of Cardiology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, who were divided into the blood stasis syndrome group(n=196) and the non-blood stasis syndrome group(n=170). General clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to probe the correlation of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV), ankle-brachial index(ABI), and flow-mediated dilatation(FMD), and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with baPWV, ABI, and FMD were 1.123, 0.109, and 0.719, respectively(P=0.004, P=0.005, P<0.001),and the regression equation for predicting probability P was P=1/[1+e~(-(3.131+0.116×baPWV-2.217×ABI-0.330×FMD))]. ROC curve analysis suggested that in the context of baPWV≥19.19 m·s~(-1) or ABI≤1.22 or FMD≤9.7%, it was of great significance to predict the diagnosis of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women. The AUC of baPWV, ABI, FMD, and prediction probability P was 0.763, 0.607, 0.705, and 0.836, respectively. The AUC of prediction probability P was higher than that of each index alone(P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.888 and 0.647, respectively. The results demonstrate that baPWV, ABI, and FMD are independently correlated with CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women, and show certain independent predictive abilities(P<0.05). The combined evaluation of the three possesses the best diagnostic efficiency.

Anthropometric indicators as predictors of dynapenia in postmenopausal women

Abstract Aim: Anthropometry represents an alternative to the evaluation of nutritional status and screening of events related to muscle fitness. Therefore, this study aimed to compare anthropometric indicators of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia and to identify the predictive capacity of these indicators to screen the respective outcome in this population. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted with postmenopausal women. Dynapenia was diagnosed by handgrip strength < 20 kgf. Arm (AC), abdominal (AbC), hip (HC) and calf circumferences (CC), triceps, biceps, subscapular, supraspinatus and thigh skinfolds were analyzed. Body Mass Index, Conicity Index (CI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Waist to Hip and Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Corrected Arm Muscle Area (CAMA) and Arm Muscle Circumference (AMC) were calculated. Results: A total of 273 women participated in the study. The BAI, WHtR, and CI did not present significant differences between the groups. For the other indicators, the dynapenic group obtained significantly lower values compared to the non-dynapenic. AC was the indicator with the highest sensitivity to screen for postmenopausal dynapenia (79.8%). While CAMA and AMC were the indicators with the best specificity (86.2%). However, CC showed the best balance between sensitivity (67.5%) and specificity (63.0%). Conclusion: The indicators AC, CAMA, and/or the AMC can be used together, or CC alone, to predict postmenopausal women with dynapenia. Therefore, these indicators can be used as important epidemiological tools to improve women's health surveillance actions.

Role of caveolin-eNOS platform and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in abrogated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in postmenopausal women

Abstract Caveolin, the protein of the caveolar membrane, interacts and binds with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), forming a caveolin-eNOS complex leading to suppression of the eNOS activity. Caveolin, therefore, maintains eNOS in the inactivated state leading to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. Ischemic preconditioning disrupts the caveolin-eNOS complex leading to activation of the eNOS and thus results in cardioprotection. During ischemic preconditioning, NO produces cardioprotection by the opening of the KATP channel, and the caveolin forms a suitable signalling platform facilitating the interaction of NO with the KATP channel. Estrogen deficiency has been reported to upregulate caveolin-1 expression. The article aims to review the various mechanisms that placed the women at the risk of coronary artery diseases after postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and their role in the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning.

Prevalence of osteoporosis and related factors in postmenopausal women aged 40 and above in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the prevalence of osteoporosis and related factors in postmenopausal women aged ≥40 years in China and provide scientific evidence for osteoporosis prevention and control. Methods: Data of this study were from the 2018 China Osteoporosis Epidemiological Survey, covering 44 counties (districts) in 11 provinces in China. Related variables were collected by questionnaire survey and physical measurement, and the BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorption method. The prevalence of osteoporosis and its 95%CI in postmenopausal women aged ≥40 years were estimated with complex sampling weights. Results: A total of 5 728 postmenopausal women aged ≥40 years were included in the analysis and the prevalence of osteoporosis was 32.5% (95%CI: 30.3%-34.7%). The prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women aged 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years were 16.0% (95%CI:4.5%-27.5%), 18.4% (95%CI:15.9%-20.8%), 37.5% (95%CI:34.5%-40.4%), 52.9% (95%CI: 47.5%-58.3%), and 68.0% (95%CI:55.9%-80.1%) respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher (P<0.001) in those with education level of primary school or below (47.2%, 95%CI: 43.0%-51.3%) and in those with individual annual income less than 10 000 Yuan, (40.3%, 95%CI: 36.9%-43.7%). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 35.1% in rural areas (95%CI: 32.0%-38.1%), which was higher than that in urban areas (P<0.001). The prevalence of osteoporosis in low weight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups were 69.9% (95%CI: 59.0%-80.8%), 42.2% (95%CI: 38.7%-45.7%), 24.2% (95%CI: 21.3%-27.1%) and 14.6% (95%CI: 11.1%-18.0%), respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis in those with menstrual maintenance years ≤30 years and in those with menopause years ≥11 years were 46.1% (95%CI:40.8%-51.3%) and 48.2% (95%CI:45.0%-51.3%), respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that age ≥60 years, education level of primary school or below, annual household income per capita less than 10 000 Yuan, low body weight, menstrual maintenance years ≤30 years, menopause years ≥11 years were risk factors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in China. Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis was high in postmenopausal women aged ≥40 years in China, and there were differences in osteoporosis prevalence among different socioeconomic groups. Effective interventions should be taken for the prevention and control of osteoporosis in key groups in the future.

Efectos del tadalafilo en el deseo sexual y la excitación/lubricación en mujeres postmenopáusicas / Effects of Tadalafil on Sexual Desire and Arousal/Lubrication in Postmenopausal Women

Objetivo Determinar los efectos y la seguridad del tadalafilo en el deseo sexual y la excitación/lubricación en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental (con comparación antes de la intervención y después), con seguimiento de la cohorte de pacientes: 228 mujeres mayores de 40 años en postmenopausia, que consultaron por bajo deseo sexual y alteración de la excitación /lubricación, en una clínica sexológica en Armenia (Colombia), entre 2018 y 2019. Las mujeres recibieron 2,5 mg diarios de tadalafilo durante 12 semanas. Se determinaron las puntuaciones del instrumento, el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (IFSF), cada cuatro semanas. Resultados El promedio de edad fue de 54,36 ± 4,92 años. Antes del tratamiento, la media en la puntuación del IFSF fue de 22,41 puntos (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 7,11­29,76); a las 4 semanas, 24,73 puntos (IC95%: 23,51­30,28); a las 8 semanas, 25,97 puntos (IC95%: 24,26­31,53); y, al final, 26,99 puntos (IC95%: 25,97­32,46), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las 4 medidas pareadas (p < 0,001). La excitación fue el dominio con mayor puntuación tras el tratamiento (4,83 puntos; IC 95%: 4,36­4,91), seguida por la lubricación (4,77 puntos; IC95%: 4,28­4,87). El deseo sexual mostró un significativo incremento al final del estudio (4,29 puntos; IC95%: 4,07­4,39). Se presentaron efectos adversos leves. Se observó una satisfacción con el consumo de tadalafilo del 84,21%. Conclusiones El tratamiento diario con 2,5 mg de tadalafilo genera mejoría en la función sexual de mujeres en la postmenopausia, y el incremento en la puntuación del IFSF demuestra su efecto positivo.

Objective To determine the effects and safety of tadalafil on sexual desire and arousal/lubrication in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods Quasi-experimental study (with a comparison before and after the intervention) with follow-up of the patient cohort: 228 postmenopausal women older than 40 years of age, who consulted due to low sexual desire and altered arousal/lubrication, in a sexology clinic in Armenia (Colombia) between 2018 and 2019. The women received 2.5 mg of tadalafil daily for 12 weeks. The scores on the instrument used, the Female Sexual Function Index, (FSFI), were determined every four weeks. Results The mean age was 54.36 ± 4.92 years. Before the treatment, the mean FSFI score was of 22.41 points (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 7.11­29.76); at 4 weeks, it was of 24.73 points (95%CI: 23.51­30, 28); at 8 weeks, 25.97 points (95%CI: 24.26­31.53); and, at the end, it was of 26.99 points (95%CI: 25.97­32.46), with statistically significant differences among the four paired measurements (p < 0.001). Arousal was the domain with the highest posttreatment score (4.83 points; 95%CI: 4.36­4.91), followed by lubrication (4.77 points; 95%CI: 4.28­4.87). Sexual desire showed a significant increase at the end of the study (4.29 points; 95%CI: 4.07­4.39). Mild adverse effects occurred. A rate of satisfaction of 84.21% with the intake of tadalafil. Conclusions The daily treatment with tadalafil 2.5 mg results in an improvement in sexual function in postmenopausal women; the increase in the score on the FSFI demonstrates its positive effect.

Autoestima, autoimagem, qualidade de vida e de saúde de mulheres na pós-menopausa / Postmenopausal women self-esteem, self-image, and quality of life and health

Este estudo avaliou a autoestima, autoimagem, qualidade de vida e de saúde de mulheres no período de pós-menopausa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e descritiva, com amostra de conveniência de cinquenta mulheres. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados um questionário socioeconômico, a escala de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), questionário de saúde mental da mulher (QSM), questionário de autoestima e autoimagem e escala de avaliação da menopausa (MRS). Observou-se que as mulheres estavam insatisfeitas com sua autoimagem e autoestima, na avaliação da menopausa foram encontrados sintomas moderados, no questionário de saúde mental o escore foi considerado médio e nos domínios de qualidade de vida teve maior satisfação no físico e menor no meio ambiente. Concluiu-se que as avaliadas apresentaram sintomas considerados moderados da menopausa e não estavam muito satisfeitas com sua autoestima e autoimagem e com o domínio meio ambiente de qualidade de vida.

This study evaluated the self-esteem, self-image, quality of life and health of postmenopausal women. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study, with a convenience sample of fifty women. The instruments used were a socioeconomic questionnaire, the quality of life scale (WHOQOL-Bref), a women's mental health questionnaire (WMHQ), a self-esteem and self-image questionnaire, and a menopause assessment scale (MRS). It was observed that women were dissatisfied with their self-image and self-esteem; in the menopause assessment, moderate symptoms were found, in the mental health questionnaire the score was considered medium, and in the quality of life domains they had greater satisfaction in the physical domain and lower in the environment one. It was concluded that the evaluated women presented moderate symptoms of menopause and were not very satisfied with their self-esteem and self-image and with the environment domain of quality of life.

Este estudio evaluó la autoestima, la autoimagen, la calidad de vida y la salud de mujeres posmenopáusicas. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, transversal y descriptiva con cincuenta mujeres. Se aplicó un cuestionario socioeconómico, escala de calidad de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), cuestionario de salud mental de la mujer (QSM), cuestionario de autoestima y autoimagen y escala de evaluación de la menopausia (MRS). Se observó que las mujeres estaban descontentas con su autoimagen y autoestima, en la evaluación de la menopausia se encontraron síntomas moderados, en el cuestionario de salud mental se consideró puntaje medio y en los dominios de calidad de vida tuvieron mayor satisfacción en la parte física y más bajo en el medio ambiente. Se concluyó que las evaluadas presentaban síntomas moderados de menopausia y no estaban muy satisfechas con su autoestima e imagen de sí mismas y con el dominio ambiental de la calidad de vida.

Métodos de estudio de pacientes con sangrado uterino posmenopáusico: recomendaciones prácticas / Study methods of patients with postmenopausal uterine bleeding: practical recommendations

Resumen El sangrado uterino posmenopáusico se define como aquel sangrado que ocurre después del cese definitivo de la menstruación en la etapa reproductiva de la mujer como consecuencia de la claudicación biológica de los ovarios, o como un sangrado no esperado en mujeres con terapia de reposición hormonal sistémica de la menopausia. Representa el 5% de las consultas ginecológicas y, si bien su origen suele ser por causas benignas, puede requerir una evaluación minuciosa para descartar patologías malignas del endometrio. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer un flujograma diagnóstico basado en la evidencia para la evaluación de las pacientes con sangrado uterino posmenopáusico.

Abstract Postmenopausal uterine bleeding is defined as the bleeding that occurs after the last menstruation due to loss of ovarian function, or a non-scheduled bleeding in patients with hormonal therapy. It represents 5% of the gynecologic visits, and even though its origin is often benign, it requires a thorough evaluation to discard malignant diseases. The objective of these review is to propose a diagnostic algorithm based on the available evidence for the evaluation of patients with postmenopausal uterine bleeding.

Resultados de Covid-19 en mujeres posmenopáusicas y perimenopausicas: ¿Se atribuye a los estrógenos las diferencias? / COVID-19 outcomes in postmenopausal and perimenopausal women: are the diferences ascribed to estrogens ?

Antecedentes: A nivel mundial, la tasa de letalidad es mayor en hombres que en mujeres. Algunos estudios lo han sugerido. Se plantea la hipótesis de que la hormona estrogénica, puede disminuir la susceptibilidad al síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las diferencias de género en los resultados del SARS CoV-2 y analizar si existen diferencias en los resultados en mujeres premenopáusicas en comparación con posmenopáusicas. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron en el estudio 720 pacientes que dieron positivo (+) para SARS CoV-2 a través de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) con transcripción inversa en tiempo real, mediante el ensayo Thermo Fischer Taqpath, aprobado por el Consejo Indio de Investigación Médica. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados por las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y de laboratorio de sus historias clínicas. Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad en las mujeres fue del 12,6%, mientras que la mortalidad en los hombres fue del 19,4%. En el análisis entre grupos, el 8,6% (16/185) de las mujeres murieron en el grupo de edad premenopáusica frente al 12,8% (27/211) en el grupo posmenopáusico. La proporción de mujeres que fallecieron debido a COVID difiere significativamente según la edad y el estado posmenopáusico X2 (1, n = 293) = 7,2, el valor de p es 0,007. La diferencia es estadísticamente significativa a P<0,05. Las mujeres posmenopáusicas tenían más probabilidades de fallecer debido a la infección por COVID-19 en comparación con las mujeres premenopáusicas

Autonomic cardiac modulation in postmenopausal women with dry eye syndrome: a cross-sectional analytical study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess cardiac autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women with and without dry eye syndrome (DES) and to identify associations between clinical and socioeconomic factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Institute of Ocular Surgery of the Northeast (ICONE), Brazil. Convenience sample of postmenopausal women, over 40 years old, who were divided into two groups: with and without DES. Clinical, sociodemographic, and ophthalmological characteristics of these women were assessed. Capture of RR intervals was performed using a cardio frequency meter. Differences between the groups were analyzed using the Chi-square test, the Student's t test, and the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Women with DES were present in 60.4% (n=58), highest median age (63.5 years, 95%CI 62.0-67.9; p<0.001), median length of time menopause (19 years old, 95%CI 10.4-24.0; p<0.001). There was a difference in the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal index between the groups. However, when the differences were adjusted to the clinical model, no association was found between DES and heart rate variability (HRV). CONCLUSIONS The analysis of cardiac autonomic modulation in postmenopausal women is similar in the presence or absence of DES. Clinical factors, time of menopause, and intensity of symptoms were not associated with HRV indices.

Sexual Function and Associated Factors in Postmenopausal Women / Função sexual e fatores associados em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Abstract Objective To assess the sexual function and associated factors in postmenopausal women. Methods This a descriptive, cross-sectional study with 380 women aged 40 to 65 years, users of public health services in 2019. Questionnaires were applied on demographic characteristics, on climacteric symptoms (menopause rating scale) and on sexual function (sexual quotient, female version). Bivariate andmultiple analyses by logistic regression were performed, with adjusted odds ratios (ORad) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results More than half (243/64%) of the participating women were at risk of sexual dysfunction, with lower scores in the domains of sexual desire and interest, comfort, orgasm, and satisfaction. Women with a partner (ORad 2.07; 95%CI 1.03-4.17) and those who reported sleep problems (ORad 2.72; 95%CI 1.77-4.19), depressed mood (ORad 2.03; 95%CI 1.32-3.10), sexual complaints (ORad 8.16; 95%CI 5.06-13.15), and vaginal dryness (ORad 3.44; 95%CI 2.22-5.32) showed greater chance of sexual dysfunction. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction, with the influence of conjugality and climacteric symptoms on sexual function.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a função sexual e fatores associados em mulheres na pósmenopausa. Métodos Este é umestudo descritivo, transversal, com380 mulheres de 40 a 65 anos, usuárias de serviços de saúde públicos em 2019. Foram aplicados questionários sobre características demográficas, sobre sintomas climatéricos (menopause rating scale) e sobre a função sexual (Quociente Sexual, versão feminina). Análises bivariada e múltipla por regressão logística foram realizadas, com cálculo de odds ratio ajustado (ORaj) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (ICs95%). Resultados Mais da metade (243/64%) das mulheres participantes no estudo apresentou risco de disfunção sexual, com escores mais baixos dos domínios desejo e interesse sexual, conforto, orgasmo e satisfação. Mulheres com companheiro (ORaj 2,07; IC95% 1,03-4,17) e aquelas que relataram problemas de sono (ORaj 2,72; IC95% 1,77-4,19), ânimo depressivo (ORaj 2,03; IC95% 1,32-3,10), queixas sexuais (ORaj 8,16; IC95% 5,06-13,15) e ressecamento vaginal (ORaj 3,44; IC95% 2,22-5,32) apresentaram maior chance de disfunção sexual. Conclusão Houve prevalência elevada de disfunção sexual, com influência da conjugalidade e dos sintomas climatéricos sobre a função sexual.

Caracterización epidemiológica del cáncer de mama / Epidemiological characterization of cancer breast

Con el objetivo de realizar la caracterización epidemiológica del cáncer de mama de las pacientes que asisten a la consulta externa de ginecología oncológica en el Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social (IGSS) de enero a marzo de 2,018, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 155 pacientes que acudieron a la clínica de mama del Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia del IGSS, con una media de edad de 62 años, el adenocarcinoma ductal infiltrante es el tipo histológico más frecuente en nuestra población tanto en edad reproductiva como en menopausia. Como factor protector el 69% dio lactancia materna. La etapa clínica más comúnmente diagnosticada es IIA. El Luminal A, el más frecuentemente diagnosticado por inmunohistoquímica, seguido del Luminal B y HER2neu. Se diagnostican pacientes mayormente en etapas clínicas tempranas (I y II).

In order to carry out the epidemiological characterization of breast cancer in patients attending the outpatient gynecology oncology consultation at the Guatemalan Social Security Institute (IGSS) from January to March 2018, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 155 patients who attended the breast clinic of the IGSS Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital, with a mean age of 62 years, infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most frequent histological type in our population both in reproductive age and in menopause. As a protective factor, 69% breastfed. The most diagnosed clinical stage is IIA. Luminal A, the most frequently diagnosed by immunohistochemistry, followed by Luminal B and HER2neu. Patients are diagnosed mostly in early clinical stages (I and II).

Gynecological/Obstetric Background and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study in Brazilian Patients / Antecedentes ginecológicos/obstétricos e artrite reumatoide: Um estudo transversal em pacientes brasileiros

Abstract Objective To study a sample of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients for their gynecological/obstetric history and compare them to controls to determine their influences on number of pregnancies, menarche, menopause and reproductive years following RA onset. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 122 RA patients and 126 controls. Patients and controls were questioned about age of menarche, age of menopause, number of pregnancies and abortions. Reproductive years were calculated as the difference between age at menopause and age at menarche. For comparison, we used the Mann-Whitney, unpaired t, chi-squared, and Spearman tests. The adopted significance was 5%. Results In the RA patients with disease beginning in the postmenopausal years, the period of reproductive years (age at menopause - age of menarche) showed a positive correlation with age at disease onset (rho=0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.20- 0.55 with p=0.0008). The number of pregnancies was higher in patients with postmenopausal disease onset when compared with those with premenopausal disease onset (median of 3 with interquartile range [IQR]=2-4 versus median of 2 with IQR=1-3; p=0.009), and RA patients had more pregnancies than controls (p=0.0002). Conclusion The present study shows that, in our population, the duration of reproductive years and the number of pregnancies are linked to the onset of RA.

Resumo Objetivo Estudar uma amostra de pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR), com investigação da história ginecológica e obstétrica, comparando-a com controles, visando conhecer suas influências no número de gestações, menarcas, menopausa e anos reprodutivos no início da AR. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal de 122 pacientes com AR e 126 controles. Pacientes e controles foram questionados sobre idade da menarca, idade da menopausa, número de gestações e abortos. Os anos reprodutivos foram calculados com a diferença entre a idade da menopausa e a idade da menarca. Para comparação, foram utilizados Mann Whitney, Teste t não pareados, Teste qui-quadrado e teste de Spearman. A significância adotada foi de 5%. Resultados Nas pacientes comAR e início da doença na pós-menopausa, o período de anos reprodutivos (idade da menopausa - idade da menarca) apresentou correlação positiva com a idade de início da doença (rho=0,46; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]=0,20-0,55 com p=0,0008). O número de gestações foi maior nas pacientes cominício da doença no período pós-menopausa quando comparadas às pacientes em pré-menopausa (mediana de 3 comintervalo interquartil [IIQ]=2-4 versusmediana de 2 com IIQ=1-3; p=0,009). Nas pacientes com AR, foi observado ummaior número de gestações do que no grupo controle (p=0,0002). Conclusão O presente estudo mostra que, em nossa população, a diminuição dos anos reprodutivos e o alto número de gestações estão relacionados ao surgimento da AR.

Calidad de vida en mujeres posmenopáusicas / Quality of life in postmenopausal women / Qualidade de vida em mulheres pós-menopáusicas

La menopausia es un proceso natural en la vida de toda mujer que consiste en el cese definitivo de los ciclos menstruales, aproximadamente entre los 45 y 55 años de edad. OBJETIVO: determinar la calidad de vida en mujeres posmenopáusicas entre la edad de 45 a 60 años de la parroquia Guapan Cantón Azogues. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo y correlacional, se realizó a mujeres en la etapa de posmenopausia con una muestra de 74. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de calidad de vida relacionado a la Salud SF-36 y la Escala MRS de la menopausia. RESULTADOS: se analizaron en el Programa SPSS versión 25, relacionando las frecuencias de las variables mediante una correlación bivariada entre las dimensiones mediante la asociación Rho de Spearman. Los resultados de la encuesta SF-36 calificó cuatro dimensiones: Percepción de la salud; Física; Emocional y Rol social. Mediante la correlación de la Escala Menopause Rating Scale) se calificó tres dimensiones Somático; Psicológico y Urogenital donde se tomó como referencia al valor p<0,05. CONCLUSIONES: se concluye que existe correlación significativa entre la dimensión física con los antecedentes personales, en la dimensión emocional con la educación evidenciado un valor de p= ,003. De la misma manera el rol social se relacionó con la instrucción un valor de p menor a 0,05, el estado físico también mostró una relación significativa dando un valor de p de 000.(AU)

Menopause is a natural process in the life of every woman that consists of the definitive cessation of menstrual cycles, approximately between 45 and 55 years of age. OBJECTIVE: to determine the quality of life in postmenopausal women between the ages of 45 and 60 years of the Guapan Cantón Azogues parish. MATERIALS AND METHOD: descriptive and correlational study was carried out on women in the postmenopausal stage with a sample of 74. The SF-36 Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire and the MRS Menopause Scale were applied. RESULTS: they were analyzed in the SPSS version 25 Program, relating the frequencies of the variables through a bivariate correlation between the dimensions using the Spearman Rho association. The results of the SF-36 survey rated four dimensions: Perception of health; Physical; Emotional and social role. Through the correlation of the Menopause Rating Scale), three dimensions were rated Somatic; Psychological and Urogenital where the value p <0.05 was taken as reference. CONCLUSIONS: it is concluded that there is a significant correlation between the physical dimension with personal history, in the emotional dimension with the education evidenced and a p value of .003. In the same way, the social role was related to instruction giving a p value less than 0.05, the physical state also showed a significant relationship giving a p value of 000 (AU)

A menopausa é um processo natural na vida de toda mulher que consiste na cessação definitiva dos ciclos menstruais, aproximadamente entre os 45 e 55 anos de idade. OBJETIVO: determinar a qualidade de vida de mulheres pósmenopáusicas entre 45 e 60 anos da paróquia Guapan Cantón Azogues. MATERIAIS E MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo descritivo e correlacional em mulheres na pósmenopausa com uma amostra de 74 pessoas. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-36 e a Escala de Menopausa MRS. RESULTADOS: foram analisadas no Programa SPSS versão 25, relacionando as frequências das variáveis por meio de uma correlação bivariada entre as dimensões por meio da associação Spearman Rho. Os resultados da pesquisa SF-36 avaliaram quatro dimensões: Percepção de saúde; Fisica; Papel emocional e social. Por meio da correlação da Menopause Rating Scale), três dimensões foram classificadas como somáticas; psicológico e Urogenital onde o valor p <0,05 foi tomado como referência. CONCLUSÕES: conclui-se que existe uma correlação significativa entre a dimensão física com a história pessoal, na dimensão emocional com a escolaridade, evidenciado um valor de p = 0,003. Da mesma forma, o papel social foi relacionado à instrução um valor de p menor que 0,05, o estado físico também apresentou uma relação significativa dando um valor de p de 000.(AU)

Postmenopausal women with sarcopenia have higher prevalence of falls and vertebral fractures / Las mujeres postmenopáusicas con sarcopenia tienen mayor prevalencia de caídas y fracturas vertebrales

Abstract Recently, a new consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWSOP2) recommended new cut-off points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The aim of the present manuscript was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women and its relationship with bone mineral density, falls and fragility fractures according to EWGSOP2. In this cross-sectional study, 250 ambulatory postmenopausal women over 60 years of age were included. Lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) and whole-body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Muscle strength was evaluated by handgrip dynamometry and physical performance by a 4-m walk gait speed and five-repetition sit-to-stand test. Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2 as low muscle strength (handgrip) and low muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass index by DXA). A sarcopenia prevalence of 4% was found in the whole group increasing with age being 12.5% in ≥ 80year-old. A higher percentage of falls, prevalence of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures were found in the sarcopenic group. Sarcopenia increased 6.0-fold the likelihood of having a fragility fracture. Women with sarcopenia had significantly lower femoral neck BMD and higher frequency of falls and vertebral fractures. According to our results, identifying patients with sarcopenia might be a useful tool to detect adults at higher risk of falls and fractures.

Resumen Recientemente el grupo de trabajo europeo sobre sarcopenia en adultos mayores (EWGSOP2) recomendó nuevos criterios y valores de referencia para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la prevalencia de sarcopenia en mujeres postmenopáusicas en nuestro medio y su relación con densidad mineral ósea, caídas y fracturas por fragilidad. Este es un estudio de diseño transversal en el cual se incluyeron un total de 250 mujeres ambulatorias mayores de 60 años. La densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de columna lumbar y cadera y la composición corporal fueron evaluados por absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA). La fuerza fue evaluada por dinamometría de puño; para el rendimiento físico se utilizó caminata de 4 m y la prueba de levantarse y sentarse de una silla (5 repeticiones). La sarcopenia se definió de acuerdo a EWGSOP2 como baja fuerza muscular (dinamometría) y baja masa muscular (índice de masa muscular esquelética por DXA). El 4% de las mujeres cumplía con los criterios de sarcopenia siendo aún mayor en aquellas ≥ 80 años. Las mujeres con sarcopenia presentaron significativamente mayor frecuencia de caídas, osteoporosis y fracturas vertebrales. El riesgo de fracturas por fragilidad se vio incrementado 6 veces en las mujeres con sarcopenia. El diagnóstico de sarcopenia podría considerarse una herramienta útil para identificar a aquellos adultos con riesgo incrementado de caídas y fracturas.

The effectiveness of melissa officinalis l. Versus citalopram on quality of life of menopausal women with sleep disorder: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to assess the effect of Melissa Officinalis L. (a combination of lemon balm with fennel fruit extract) compared with citalopram and placebo on the quality of life of postmenopausal women with sleep disturbance. Methods The present study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo clinical trial among 60 postmenopausal women with sleep disturbance who were referred to a university hospital from 2017 to 2019. The participants were randomized to receive M. Officinalis L. (500 mg daily), citalopram (30 mg) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire was self-completed by each participant at baseline and after 8 weeks of the intervention and was compared between groups. Results The mean for all MENQOL domain scores were significantly improved in the M. Officinalis L. group compared with citalopram and placebo (p < 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) after 8 weeks in the M. Officinalis L., citalopram and placebo groups was 2.2 ± 0.84 versus 0.56 ± 0.58 versus 0.36 ± 0.55 in the vasomotor (p < 0.001), 1.02 ± 0.6 versus 0.28 ± 0.2 versus 0.17 ± 0.1 in the psychomotor-social (p < 0.001), 0.76 ± 0.4 versus 0.25 ± 0.1 versus 0.11 ± 0.1 in the physical and 2.3 ± 1.0 versus 0.35 ± 0.5 versus 0.41 ± 0.5 in the sexual domain, respectively. Conclusions The results revealed that M. Officinalis L. may be recommended for improving the quality of life of menopausal women with sleep disturbance. Trial registration The present study was registered by the name "Comparison of the efficacy of citalopram and compound of Asperugo procumbens and foeniculum vulgare in treatment of menopausal disorders" with the code IRCT2013072714174N1 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT).

Epidemiología de las alteraciones ponderales / epidemiology of alterations ponderal

Introducción: La obesidad es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, que compromete a población de altos y bajos recursos por igual y presenta un efecto deletéreo de alto impacto en la fisiopatogenia de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en nuestra población. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, incluyó 1024 mujeres de 25 a 65 años residentes de CABA y GBA, que concurrieron a la "Campaña de Prevención del cáncer cervicouterino y detección temprana del cáncer de mama" realizada entre el 9 y 13 de Marzo de 2020 a cargo del Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín". Se registraron talla y peso. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) a través de una fórmula predeterminada. Se excluyeron las pacientes con insuficiencia ovárica prematura y menopausia temprana. Resultados: Se dividió a las pacientes en premenopáusicas y postmenopáusicas. Del grupo de mujeres premenopáusicas (70,61% n=723), el IMC promedio fue de 28,18 kg/m2 (DS 5,86); 0,42% presentó bajo peso (IMC promedio 17,65 kg/m2 DS 0,05), 32,37% normopeso (IMC promedio 22,32 kg/m2 DS 1,68), 32,09% sobrepeso (IMC promedio 27,26 kg/m2 DS 0,22) y 35,13% presentó obesidad (IMC promedio 34,53 kg/m2 DS 4,38). Del grupo de mujeres postmenopáusicas (29,39% n=301) el IMC promedio fue de 29,47 kg/m2 (DS 5,76); ninguna presentó bajo peso, 20,27% presentó normopeso (IMC promedio 22,71 kg/m2 DS 1,6), 40,53% sobrepeso (IMC promedio 27,47 kg/m2 DS 1,43) y 39,2% fueron obesas (IMC promedio 35,04 kg/m2 DS 4,72). Conclusiones: Se observó un aumento en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la postmenopausia que podría explicarse no sólo por el aumento de la edad sino también por los cambios hormonales que acompañan a la postmenopausia. Destaca la importancia del médico ginecólogo en prevención (AU)

Introduction: Obesity is a global public health challenge that affects both high- and low-income populations equally and has a high-impact deleterious effect on the physiopathological origin of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in our population.Material and methods: This descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study included 1024 women of 25 to 65 years old who were living in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA) and were screened at the "Cervical Cancer Prevention and Breast Cancer Early Detection Campaign" conducted from March 9 to 13, 2020 in the Gynecology Department of Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín". Height and weight measurements were performed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using a predetermined formula. Patients with premature ovarian failure and early menopause were excluded from the study. Results: Patients were divided into premenopausal and postmenopausal. In the group of premenopausal women (70.61% n=723), the average BMI was 28.18 kg/m2 (SD 5.86); 0.42% were underweight (average BMI 17.65 kg/m2 SD 0.05); 32.37% had normal weight (average BMI 22.32 kg/m2 SD 1.68); 32.09% were overweight (average BMI 27.26 kg/m2 SD 0.22) and 35.13% had obesity (average BMI 34.53 kg/m2 SD 4.38). In the group of postmenopausal women (29.39% n=301) the average BMI was 29.47 kg/m2 (SD 5.76); none was underweight, 20.27% had normal weight (average BMI 22.71 kg/m2 SD 1.6), 40.53% were overweight (average BMI 27.47 kg/m2 SD 1.43) and 39.2% were obese (average BMI 35.04 kg/m2 SD 4.72). Conclusions: An increased prevalence of overweight and obesity has been observed in postmenopause, which could be explained not only by aging but also by the hormonal changes associated with postmenopause. Gynecologists play and important role in prevention (AU)

Body composition of women with and without dynapenia defined by different cut-off points / Composição corporal de mulheres com e sem dinapenia definida por diferentes pontos de corte

ABSTRACT Objective To compare body composition of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia, defined by different cut-off points. Methods Body composition was assessed by electrical bioimpedance and the nutritional status by the body mass index. Dynapenia was diagnosed according to handgrip strength, using the following cut-off points: handgrip strength <16kgf and <20 kgf. Results A total of 171 women (50 to 92 years of age) participated in the investigation. The mean age of non-dynapenic and dynapenic women (handgrip strength <20kgf) was 69.4±8.2 and 74.5±8.2 years, respectively. The mean age of women with dynapenia (handgrip strength <16kgf) was 75.0±10.1 years and non-dynapenic women, 71.1±8.2 years. It was found that dynapenic women, with handgrip strength <20 and <16kgf, had an average of 2.38 and 2.47kg less muscle mass respectively, when compared to non-dynapenic women (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in muscle mass between the different dynapenic groups. Non-dynapenic women (handgrip strength ≥20kgf) had more total (3.55kg) and central fat (1.47kg) (p<0.05). Conclusion Dynapenic women, diagnosed considering both cutoff points, had less total and segmental muscle mass compared to non-dynapenic women. In addition, dynapenic women with handgrip strength <20kgf had lower total and trunk adiposity.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a composição corporal de mulheres na pós-menopausa com e sem dinapenia a partir de diferentes pontos de corte. Métodos A composição corporal foi avaliada por bioimpedância elétrica e o estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal. A dinapenia foi diagnosticada por meio da força de preensão manual, utilizando-se os seguintes pontos de corte: força de preensão manual <16kgf e <20kgf. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 171 mulheres (50 a 92 anos). A média de idade das não dinapênicas e das dinapênicas (força de preensão manual <20 kgf) foi 69,4±8,2 e 74,5±8,2 anos, respectivamente. As mulheres com dinapenia pela força de preensão manual <16kgf apresentaram média de idade de 75,0±10,1 anos e as não dinapênicas tinham, em média, 71,1±8,2 anos. Verificou-se que as mulheres dinapênicas, com força de preensão manual <20 e <16kgf, tinham em média 2,38 e 2,47kg a menos de massa muscular quando comparadas às não dinapênicas (p<0,05). Contudo, não foi observada diferença na massa muscular entre os diferentes grupos dinapênicos. As mulheres não dinapênicas (força de preensão manual ≥20kgf) apresentaram maior gordura total (3,55kg) e central (1,47kg) (p<0,05). Conclusão As mulheres dinapênicas, diagnosticadas por ambos os pontos de corte, apresentaram menor massa muscular total e por segmento em relação às não dinapênicas. Ademais, as dinapênicas com força de preensão manual <20kgf possuíam menor adiposidade total e no tronco.