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1.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008753

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(GQD) in improving glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS). Molecular docking was used to predict the binding affinity between the main effective plasma components of GQD and ERS-related targets. Liver tissue samples were obtained from normal rats, high-fat-induced diabetic rats, rats treated with metformin, and rats treated with GQD. RNA and protein were extracted. qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of ERS marker glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78), and unfolded protein response(UPR) genes inositol requiring enzyme 1(Ire1), activating transcription factor 6(Atf6), Atf4, C/EBP-homologous protein(Chop), and caspase-12. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of GRP78, IRE1, protein kinase R-like ER kinase(PERK), ATF6, X-box binding protein 1(XBP1), ATF4, CHOP, caspase-12, caspase-9, and caspase-3. The calcium ion content in liver tissues was determined by the colorimetric assay. The ERS-HepG2 cell model was established in vitro by inducing with tunicamycin for 6 hours, and 2.5%, 5%, and 10% GQD-containing serum were administered for 9 hours. The glucose oxidase method was used to measure extracellular glucose levels, flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis, glycogen staining to measure cellular glycogen content, and immunofluorescence to detect the expression of GRP78. The intracellular calcium ion content was measured by the colorimetric assay. Whereas Western blot was used to detect GRP78 and ERS-induced IRE1, PERK, ATF6, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α(eIF2α) phosphorylation. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85(PI3Kp85), and protein kinase B(Akt), which were involved in the insulin signaling pathway, were also measured. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinases(JNKs), which were involved in both the ERS and insulin signaling pathways, were measured by Western blot. Molecular docking results showed that GRP78, IRE1, PERK, ATF4, and various compounds such as baicalein, berberine, daidzein, jateorhizine, liquiritin, palmatine, puerarin and wogonoside had strong binding affinities, indicating that GQD might interfere with ERS-induced UPR. In vivo results showed that GQD down-regulated the mRNA transcription of Ire1, Atf6, Atf4, Grp78, caspase-12, and Chop in diabetic rats, and down-regulated GRP78, IRE1, PERK, as well as ERS-induced apoptotic factors ATF4 and CHOP, caspase-12, caspase-9, and caspase-3, while up-regulating XBP1 to enhance adaptive UPR. In addition, GQD increased the calcium ion content in liver tissues, which facilitated correct protein folding. In vitro results showed that GQD increased glucose consumption in ERS-induced HepG2 cells without significantly affecting cell viability, increased liver glycogen synthesis, down-regulated ATF6 and p-eIF2α(Ser51), and down-regulated IRE1, PERK, and GRP78, as well as p-IRS1(Ser312) and p-JNKs(Thr183/Tyr185), while up-regulating p-PI3Kp85(Tyr607) and p-Akt(Ser473). These findings suggested that GQD alleviates excessive ERS in the liver, reduces insulin resistance, and improves hepatic glucose metabolism in vivo and in vitro.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP , Caspase 3 , Caspase 9 , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Caspase 12 , Calcium/pharmacology , Molecular Docking Simulation , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Liver , Apoptosis , Insulin , Glucose , Glycogen/pharmacology , RNA, Messenger
2.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-927695

ABSTRACT

Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) is a specific Ser/Thr protein kinase in plants. SnRK2 can regulate the expression of downstream genes or transcription factors through phosphorylation of substrates to achieve stress resistance regulation in different tissue parts, and make plants adapt to adverse environment. SnRK2 has a small number of members and a molecular weight of about 40 kDa, and contains a conserved N-terminal kinase domain and a divergent C-terminal regulatory domain, which plays an important role in the expression of enzyme. This review summarized the recent research progresses on the discovery, structure, and classification of SnRK2, and its function in response to various stresses and in regulating growth and development, followed by prospecting the future research direction of SnRK2. This review may provide a reference for genetic improvement of crop stress resistance.


Subject(s)
Abscisic Acid , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Growth and Development , Plants/genetics , Protein Kinases , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Stress, Physiological/genetics
3.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-922030

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To study the genetic variants of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) combined with epilepsy, and explore its possible pathogenic mechanism.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of the child were collected and evaluated, whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology was used to explore the genetic variants sites of the child and his parents and candidate genes were filtered out. Sanger sequencing were performed to verify the variants identified by WES and PolyPhen2 was utilized to predict the function of these variants. qPCR was carry out to determine the expression of the variant gene.@*RESULTS@#The proband carried a compound heterozygous mutation in the SIK3 gene (Chr11 q23.3, NM_025164.6), which contains a missense mutation c.1295A>G (p.N432S) inherited from the father and a deletion [c.2389_2391del(p.797del)] inherited from the mother. Both mutation sites are highly conservative, and PolyPhen2 predicted (c.1295A>G [p.N432S]) to be harmful. Compared to the mother, expression of SIK3in mRNA level in the peripheral blood of the proband and his father were both significantly decreased; compared to normal child, SIK3 expression in the peripheral blood of the proband and two other children with ASD were all decreased significantly too. In addition, studies on mice found that Sik3 gene has a marked higher level of expression in the brain.@*CONCLUSION@#The SIK3 gene variants may probably be associated with ASD. The detailed mechanism needs to be studied further, which may involve lipid metabolism dysfunction in the brain.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics , Epilepsy/genetics , Mutation , Mutation, Missense , Protein Kinases , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Exome Sequencing
4.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 1189-1204, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-878624

ABSTRACT

The innate immune system initiates innate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-related molecular patterns on the surface of pathogenic microorganisms through pattern recognition receptors. Through cascade signal transduction, it activates downstream transcription factors NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), and then leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines and type Ⅰ interferon, which resists the infection of pathogenic microorganism. TBK1 is a central adapter protein of innate immune signaling pathway and can activate both NF-κB and IRFs. It is a key protein kinase in the process of anti-infection. The finetuning regulation of TBK1 is essential to maintain immune homeostasis and resist pathogen invasion. This paper reviews the biological functions and ubiquitin modification of TBK1 in innate immunity, to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment of pathogenic infections and autoimmune diseases.


Subject(s)
Immunity, Innate , Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Signal Transduction , Ubiquitin
5.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-880765

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To screen the key genes related to the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma through big data analysis and explore their clinical value and potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#We analyzed GSE18842, GSE27262, and GSE33532 gene expression profile data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Bioinformatics methods were used to screen the differentially expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and KEGG and GO enrichment analysis was performed, followed by PPI interaction network analysis, module analysis, differential expression analysis, and prognosis analysis. The expressions of MAD2L1 and TTK by immunohistochemistry were verified in 35 non-small cell lung cancer specimens and paired adjacent tissues.@*RESULTS@#We identified a total of 256 genes that showed significant differential expressions in lung adenocarcinoma, including 66 up-regulated and 190 down-regulated genes. Thirty-two up-regulated core genes were screened by functional analysis, and among them 29 were shown to significantly correlate with a poor prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. All the 29 genes were highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with normal lung tissues and were mainly enriched in cell cycle pathways. Seven of these key genes were closely related to the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) complex and responsible for regulating cell behavior in G2/M phase. We selected SAC-related proteins TTK and MAD2L1 to test their expressions in clinical tumor samples, and detected their overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues as compared with the adjacent tissues.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Seven SAC complex-related genes, including TTK and MAD2L1, are overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues with close correlation with the prognosis of the patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics , Big Data , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Computational Biology , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Mad2 Proteins/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
6.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 2298-2312, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-878487

ABSTRACT

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is widely regarded as one of the most promising targets for cancer therapy due to its essential role in cell division and tumor cell survival. At present, most Plk1 inhibitors have been developed based on kinase domain, some of which are in clinical trial. However, inhibitors targeting kinase domain face off-target effect and drug resistance owing to the conserved nature and the frequent mutations in the ATP-binding pocket. In addition to a highly conserved kinase domain, Plk1 also contains a unique Polo-Box domain (PBD), which is essential for Plk1's subcellular localization and mitotic functions. Inhibitors targeting Plk1 PBD show stronger selectivity and less drug resistance for cancer therapy. Therefore, Plk1 PBD is an attractive target for the development of anti-cancer agents. In this review, we will summarize the up-to date drug discovery for targeting Plk1 PBD, including the molecular structure and cellular functions of Plk1 PBD. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting Plk1 PBD not only provide an opportunity to specifically inhibit Plk1 activity for cancer treatment, but also unveil novel biological basis regarding the molecular recognition of Plk1 and its substrates.


Subject(s)
Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
7.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 26: e2983, 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-901928

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate the prevalence of TaqIA, -141C and rs6280 polymorphisms of the ANKK1, DRD2 and DRD3 genes and evaluate their association with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with refractory schizophrenia. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in the Extended Western Region of Minas Gerais, with refractory schizophrenic patients using the antipsychotic clozapine. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and genetic data were collected. Univariate analysis of the data was performed. Results: seventy-two patients participated in the study and the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome was observed in 47.2% of them. There was no association between Metabolic Syndrome and the studied polymorphisms. There was a statistically significant difference in the low HDL parameter with homozygous genotype for the C allele of the -141C polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. Conclusion: a high prevalence of MS was evidenced. The -141C polymorphism was associated with low HDL. Genetic analysis and identification of metabolic alterations in this group of patients can guide drug treatment and provide a better quality of life.


RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência dos polimorfismos TaqIA, -141C e rs6280 dos genes ANKK1, DRD2 e DRD3 e avaliar sua associação com a ocorrência de síndrome metabólica em pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária. Método: estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado na Região Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluiu pacientes com esquizofrenia refratária em uso do antipsicótico clozapina. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, clínicos, antropométricos, bioquímicos e genéticos. Realizou-se análise univariada dos dados. Resultados: participaram 72 pacientes e observou-se a ocorrência de Síndrome Metabólica em 47,2%, não sendo encontrada associação da Síndrome Metabólica com os polimorfismos estudados. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante com o parâmetro do baixo HDL com genótipo homozigoto para alelo C do polimorfismo -141C do gene DRD2. Conclusão: evidenciou-se prevalência de SM elevada. O polimorfismo -141C associou-se ao baixo HDL. A análise genética e a identificação de alterações metabólicas, neste grupo de pacientes, podem nortear o tratamento medicamentoso e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida.


RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de los polimorfismos TaqIA, -141C y rs6280 de los genes ANKK1, DRD2 y DRD3 y evaluar su asociación con el síndrome metabólico en pacientes con esquizofrenia refractária. Método: estudio de delineamiento transversal, realizado en la Región Ampliada Oeste de Minas Gerais, que incluye pacientes con esquizofrenia refractária usando el antipsicótico clozapina. Fueron recogidos datos sociodemográficos, clínicos, antropométricos, bioquímicos y genéticos. Se realizó um análisis univariada de los datos. Resultados: participaron 72 pacientes y se observó el Síndrome Metabólico en 47,2%, no siendo encontrada una asociación del Síndrome Metabólico con los polimorfismos estudiados. Hubo diferencia estadísticamente significante con el parámetro del bajo HDL con genotipo homozigoto para alelo C del polimorfismo -141C del gen DRD2. Conclusión: se vio una prevalencia de SM elevada. El polimorfismo -141C se asoció al bajo HDL. El análisis genético y la identificación de alteraciones metabólicas, en este grupo de pacientes, pueden guiar al tratamiento medicamentoso y propiciar mejor calidad de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Schizophrenia/complications , Schizophrenia/genetics , Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/genetics , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Polymorphism, Genetic
8.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 61(6): 637-642, Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887620

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Identification of the correct etiology of diabetes brings important implications for clinical management. In this report, we describe a case of a 4-year old asymptomatic girl with diabetes since age 2, along with several individuals in her family with different etiologies for hyperglycemia identified in youth. Genetic analyses were made by Sanger sequencing, laboratory measurements included HbA1c, lipid profile, fasting C-peptide, pancreatic auto-antibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD], Islet Antigen 2 [IA-2], and anti-insulin). We found a Gly178Ala substitution in exon 5 of GCK gene in three individuals co-segregating with diabetes, and type 1 diabetes was identified in two other individuals based on clinical and laboratory data. One individual with previous gestational diabetes and other with prediabetes were also described. We discuss difficulties in defining etiology of hyperglycemia in youth in clinical practice, especially monogenic forms of diabetes, in spite of the availability of several genetic, laboratory, and clinical tools.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha/genetics , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/genetics , Pedigree , Genetic Testing , Diabetes Mellitus/classification , Germinal Center Kinases , Genotype , Mutation
9.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 38(1): 17-23, Jan.-Mar. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-776495

ABSTRACT

Objective: In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), symmetry-related symptoms may be important. Although clinical correlates of symmetry-related symptoms have been identified in OCD, few data exist on genetic associations. Animal studies indicate involvement of dopamine in symmetry-related behavior, suggesting this may be relevant to analogous symptoms in OCD. Alterations in dopamine may also reflect environmental influences. However, the association of symmetry-related symptomatology, early adversity, and polymorphisms in dopaminergic genes has not been investigated in OCD. Methods: Clinical information and polymorphisms in key dopaminergic genes were compared between OCD patients with primary symmetry symptoms and those without. Results: OCD patients with primary symmetry symptoms comprised 46.6% (n=210) of the sample (n=451), and were older (p < 0.01), had longer illness duration (p < 0.01), higher OCD severity scores (p = 0.01), and greater comorbidity (p < 0.01) than those without. In Caucasians (n=343), genotype frequency differed significantly between groups for ANKK1 rs1800497, with more OCD patients with symmetry symptoms being homozygous for the A2 (CC) genotype (χ2 = 7.296; p = 0.026). Conclusion: Symmetry symptoms have some distinct clinical features and may represent a marker of severity in OCD. However, clinical associations, in combination with the association found with the ANKK1 rs1800497 A2 variant, suggest that primary symmetry symptoms may represent a distinctive clinical and psychobiological profile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Dopamine/genetics , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/complications , Severity of Illness Index , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics , Depressive Disorder, Major/complications , Perfectionism , Genotype , Middle Aged , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/complications
10.
Colomb. med ; 46(3): 117-121, July-Sept. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-765511

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2 or Dardarin) are considered to be a common cause of autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson's disease, but the prevalence of these mutations varies among populations. Objective: To analyzed the frequency of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation (c.6055G>A transition) in a sample of Colombian patients. Methods: In the present study we have analyzed the frequency of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation in 154 patients with familial or sporadic Parkinson Disease, including early and late onset patients, and 162 normal controls. Results: Our results show occurrence of this mutation in two cases (2/154, 1.3%) with classical Parkinson's signs, and one completely asymptomatic control (1/162, 0.6%). Conclusion: The p.G2019S mutation is not an important causal factor of Parkinson Disease in Colombia having similar frequencies to those reported in other Latin American populations.


Introducción: Las mutaciones en el LRRK2 (del inglés gen leucinerich repeat kinase 2) o Dardarina se consideran una causa común de enfermedad de Parkinson autosómica dominante. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de estas mutaciones varia en diferentes poblaciones. Objetivo: Snalizar la frecuencia de la mutación p.G2019S (transición c.6055 G>A) del gen LRRK2en una muestra de pacientes colombianos. Métodos: En el presente estudio analizamos la frecuencia de la mutación en 154 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson familiar o esporádica, y 162 controles normales. Resultados: Se determinó la presencia de la mutación en 2 casos de Parkinson (2/154, 1.3%) los cuales presentan los signos clásicos de la enfermedad y en un control completamente asintomático (1/162, 0.6%). Conclusión: La mutación p.G2019S no es un factor causal importante de la Enfermedad de Parkinson en la población Colombiana, y muestra frecuencias similares a las reportadas en otras poblaciones latinoamericanas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Gene Frequency , Parkinson Disease/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Age of Onset , Case-Control Studies , Colombia , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Mutation , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology
11.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 86(3): 142-151, jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-760107

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Rett (SR) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta casi exclusivamente a niñas y cursa secundariamente con autismo. Es poco frecuente y consta de 5 formas clínicas, una clásica y el resto atípicas que comprometen de manera general la habilidad manual, el lenguaje y la motricidad amplia unida a la aparición de estereotipias y epilepsia precoz. Con el objetivo de actualizar la información sobre SR, se aplicaron los descriptores de búsqueda Síndrome de Rett, genes y «Síndrome de Rett¼, «Rett Syndrome gene¼, «Rett Syndrome¼, «Rett Syndrome gene therapy¼ y «Rett Syndrome review¼. Se investigó en los archivos digitales PubMed, Hinari, SCIELO y Medline, y se consultaron los sitios web OMIM, ORPHANET, GeneMap, Genetests, Proteins y Gene, entre otros. Entre 1.348 artículos se seleccionaron 42, los cuales reportan 3 genes causantes del síndrome: MECP2, CDKL5 y FOXG. El gen MECP2 está mutado en el 80% de los pacientes con SR clásico así como en el 40% de los afectados con alguna de sus formas atípicas. El SR con epilepsia precoz y la variante congénita se deben fundamentalmente a variaciones en los genes CDKL5 y FOXG1 respectivamente. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico del SR se basa en criterios clínicos, sin embargo, los avances en la biología molecular y en la genética en particular han abierto el abanico de posibilidades diagnósticas a las diferentes formas clínicas que antes quedaban sin clasificar, a la vez que el análisis molecular permite confirmar el criterio clínico y aportar información en cuanto al pronóstico del paciente.


Rett syndrome (RS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that exclusively affects girls, and occurs along with autism. It is very uncommon, and has five distinct forms, one classic and the others atypical, which generally compromise manual skills, language, and mobility, and widely associated with the appearance of stereotypy and early epilepsy. With the aim of updating the information about RS, a search was performed in the computer data bases of PubMed, Hinari, SCIELO and Medline, as well as consulting other web sites including OMIM, ORPHANET, GeneMap, Genetests, Proteins and Gene, using the descriptors "Síndrome de Rett", "genes y Síndrome de Rett", "Rett Syndrome gene", "Rett Syndrome", "Rett Syndrome gene therapy", and "Rett Syndrome review". Of the 1,348 articles found, 42 articles were selected, which reported 3 genes causing the syndrome: MECP2, CDKL5 and FOXG. The MECP2 gene is mutated in 80% of patients with classic RS, as well as in 40% of those affected by any of its atypical forms. RS with early epilepsy and the congenital variant are mainly due to variations in the CDKL5 and FOXG1 genes, respectively. Conclusions: The diagnosis of RS is based on clinical criteria. However, the advances in molecular biology and genetics have opened a wide range of possibilities for diagnosing the different clinical forms that could not be classified before. Molecular analysis can help confirm the clinical criteria and provided information as regards the prognosis of the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Rett Syndrome/physiopathology , Stereotypic Movement Disorder/etiology , Epilepsy/etiology , Prognosis , Rett Syndrome/diagnosis , Rett Syndrome/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/genetics , Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics , Molecular Biology/methods , Mutation , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
12.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(4): 722-732, 04/2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744848

ABSTRACT

We aimed to verify doctor's perception of the qualitative research method, via a qualitative study of interviews with questions on the academic profile of doctors and on the methodology. We interviewed 42 professionals, of which 18 had experience with the qualitative method and 24 with the quantitative method. The results showed that knowledge on the qualitative method was virtually nil among "quantitative researchers", who did not value qualitative research, although some of those realized that it would be important to be more accepting in clinical practice. Others only considered the method as subsidiary to quantitative. The majority considered qualitative methods as lacking academic structure, taking too long to conduct empirical studies, and being difficult to publish. All of them criticized the misuse of the method, and the "quantitatives" pointed out the problem of being unable to reproduce. We concluded that widening the use of the qualitative method by doctors requires investment from the beginning of the academic career and participation in qualitative research projects.


El objetivo es verificar la percepción de médicos sobre el método de investigación cualitativa. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo por medio de entrevistas con preguntas sobre el perfil de los médicos y sobre el método. Entrevistamos a 42 profesionales, 18 con experiencia en el método cualitativo y 24 con el cuantitativo. Los resultados mostraron que el conocimiento sobre lo cualitativo es casi nulo entre los "cuantitativistas", que no valoran la investigación cualitativa, aunque algunos se dan cuenta de que sería importante tener un enfoque más amplio en la práctica clínica. Otros la ven como subsidiaria a lo cuantitativo. Sus dificultades para utilizar ese abordaje son: falta de formación, cantidad de tiempo que exigen y problemas de publicación. Todos han criticado el mal uso del método. Los "cuantitativistas" han destacado como fragilidad, la no reproductibilidad. Llegamos a la conclusión de que para ampliar el uso de los abordajes cualitativos entre los médicos es importante invertir en su formación desde el inicio del curso y la participación en proyectos de investigación cualitativa.


Objetivamos verificar a percepção de médicos sobre o método qualitativo de pesquisa. Estudo qualitativo por meio de entrevistas com questões sobre o perfil acadêmico do médico e perguntas abertas a respeito do método. Entrevistamos 42 profissionais, sendo 18 com experiência no método qualitativo e 24 com o quantitativo. Os resultados evidenciaram que o conhecimento sobre o qualitativo é quase nulo entre os pesquisadores "quantitativistas", os quais não valorizam a pesquisa qualitativa, embora alguns percebam que seria importante ter uma postura mais compreensiva na prática clínica. Outros só a veem como subsidiária ao quantitativo. As principais dificuldades da maioria são: falta de formação, tempo longo despendido nos estudos empíricos e dificuldade de publicação. Todos os entrevistados criticaram o mau uso do método, e os "quantitativistas" ressaltaram, como problema, sua não reprodutibilidade. Concluímos que ampliar o uso do método qualitativo por médicos exige investimento na formação desde o início da graduação e participação em projetos de pesquisa qualitativa.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Anilides/pharmacology , Benzodiazepinones/pharmacology , /pharmacology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Cells, Cultured , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Neoplasms/pathology , Protein Kinases/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology , Repressor Proteins/agonists , Repressor Proteins/genetics , Substrate Specificity , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology
13.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 20(1): 45-51, Jan-Feb/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741446

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The consensus about the relationship between TMD and orthodontic treatment has gone from a cause and effect association between TMD and orthodontic treatment to the idea that there is no reliable evidence supporting this statement. OBJECTIVE: To assess the beliefs, despite scientific evidence, of Brazilian orthodontists about the relationship between TMD and orthodontic treatment with regards to treatment, prevention and etiology of TMD. METHODS: A survey about the relationship between TMD and orthodontic treatment was prepared and sent to Brazilian orthodontists by e-mail and social networks. Answers were treated by means of descriptive statistics and strong associations between variables were assessed by qui-square test. RESULTS: The majority of orthodontists believe that orthodontic treatment not only is not the best treatment option for TMD, but also is not able to prevent TMD. Nevertheless, the majority of orthodontists believe that orthodontic treatment can cause TMD symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that orthodontists' beliefs about the relationship between orthodontic treatment and TMD are in accordance with scientific evidence only when referring to treatment and prevention of TMD. The majority of orthodontists believe that, despite scientific evidence, orthodontic treatment can cause TMD. .


INTRODUÇÃO: o consenso sobre a relação entre DTM e tratamento ortodôntico foi de uma associação de causa e efeito à ideia de que não há evidências confiáveis que suportem essa afirmação. OBJETIVO: avaliar as crenças, sem considerar as evidências, de ortodontistas brasileiros sobre a relação entre DTM e tratamento ortodôntico com relação ao tratamento, prevenção e etiologia da DTM. MÉTODOS: um questionário sobre a relação entre DTM e tratamento ortodôntico foi preparado e enviado a ortodontistas brasileiros por meio de e-mail e mídias sociais. As respostas foram analisadas por estatística descritiva, e fortes associações entre as variáveis foram verificadas pelo teste χ2. RESULTADOS: a maioria dos ortodontistas acredita que o tratamento ortodôntico não é o melhor tratamento para DTM. Além disso, acreditam que não é a melhor forma para sua prevenção. Também, a maioria dos ortodontistas acredita que o tratamento ortodôntico pode causar sintomas de DTM. CONCLUSÃO: este estudo sugere que as crenças dos ortodontistas sobre a relação entre tratamento ortodôntico e DTM estão de acordo com as evidências científicas apenas quando se trata do tratamento e da prevenção de DTM. A maioria dos ortodontistas acredita que, apesar das evidências científicas, o tratamento ortodôntico pode causar DTM. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , DNA Replication/genetics , Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism , G1 Phase/physiology , Gene Expression Regulation/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Replication Origin/genetics , Signal Transduction/genetics , Blotting, Western , Cell Fractionation , Cell Line , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , /metabolism , DNA Primers/genetics , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics , Immunoblotting , Immunoprecipitation , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA Interference
14.
Salud colect ; 10(3): 407-415, sep.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-733299

ABSTRACT

La extensa obra de Javier Auyero sobre los sectores populares en América Latina inquieta por su complejidad sociológica y política. Alejada de los lugares comunes sobre cómo viven, sufren y se relacionan los habitantes de los márgenes de nuestras ciudades, su programa de veinte años de investigación aborda las consecuencias del neoliberalismo en la marginalidad urbana. Por la publicación de su último libro, Pacientes del Estado (2013), Salud Colectiva lo invita a reflexionar sobre las conexiones, no siempre observadas, entre la espera y la dominación política en oficinas estatales, escuelas y hospitales. Su estrategia etnográfica le permite ingresar sin prejuicios a un universo social atravesado por posicionamientos sociales polarizantes. En los encuentros cotidianos de los pobres con diversas formas de poder estatal, afirma, se reproducen prácticas -no todas ellas igualmente conscientes y planificadas- que imparten educación política y culminan convirtiendo a quienes deberían ser ciudadanos con derechos en pacientes del Estado.


The extensive work of Javier Auyero regarding the poor in Latin America is disturbing in its sociological and political complexity. Instead of falling into the commonplace explorations of how inhabitants at the margins of our cities live, suffer and relate, his twenty years of research have focused on the consequences of neoliberalism in urban marginality. In light of the publication of his last book Patients of the State (2013), Salud Colectiva invited Auyero to reflect on the connections, not always observed, between waiting and political domination in government offices, schools and hospitals. His ethnographic strategy allows him to enter without prejudices into a social universe marked by polarizing political positions. He affirms that in the everyday encounters of poor people with the diverse forms of state power, practices are reproduced - not all of which are equally conscious and planned - that impart a political education and end up turning those who should be citizens into patients of the State.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , DNA-Binding Proteins , Hyperthermia, Induced , Liver Neoplasms , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Cell Survival/radiation effects , DNA Repair , DNA-Activated Protein Kinase , Nuclear Proteins , Phosphorylation , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Radiation Tolerance , Tumor Cells, Cultured
15.
Salud pública Méx ; 56(6): 631-637, nov.-dic. 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-733342

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar la percepción que el prestador de servicios de salud y el adulto mayor (AM) tienen sobre el maltrato al AM en los servicios públicos de salud, en ciudades seleccionadas de México. Material y métodos. De 2009 a 2012 se realizó un estudio con diseño cualitativo y estrategia de triangulación de fuentes de datos; se efectuaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 13 prestadores y a 12 ancianos para recuperar su experiencia en el tema. El análisis utilizó procedimientos de la Teoría Fundamentada. Resultados. El maltrato contra el AM es una práctica naturalizada por el personal y por el anciano, la cual se manifiesta de formas diversas. Conclusiones. La institucionalización, profesionalización histórica y falta de conciencia sobre las necesidades de los AM demandan cambios de planeación, organización y supervisión del Sistema de Salud. El personal requiere intervenciones de formación, capacitación y cambio de actitudes/comportamiento, para otorgar atención integral, digna, humana y de respeto a los Derechos Humanos de los AM.


Objective. To analyze the health care providers (HCP) and elderly patients' perceptions about abuse of the elderly by health personnel of public health services, in selected cities in Mexico. Materials and methods. A qualitative study and a strategy of data triangulation were performed during 2009 and 2012; 13 HCPs and 12 elders were interviewed, in order to obtain their experience regarding elder abuse. Grounded Theory proceedings were used for the analysis. Results. Elder abuse is a naturalized practice, from HCP and elderly people's point of view; these perceptions are showed in different ways. Conclusion. Institutionalization, historical professionalization and lack of consciousness about needs of the elderly (sociocultural and economic), require changes in planning, organization and monitoring process in the Health System; training and educational interventions on staff and exchange attitudes and behavior are necessary in order to offer a health care that is comprehensive, decent, human and with respect for the human rights.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Cyclins/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Phenylacetates/pharmacology , Antisense Elements (Genetics) , Breast Neoplasms , Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism , Cell Division/drug effects , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism , Cyclins/genetics , Fibroblasts/cytology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/enzymology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology , Mice, Knockout , Phosphorylation , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism , Signal Transduction/physiology , Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects , Tumor Cells, Cultured/enzymology , Up-Regulation/drug effects
16.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(5): 356-359, 05/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709368

ABSTRACT

Mutations in the LRRK2 gene, predominantly G2019S, have been reported in individuals with autosomal dominant inheritance and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). The G2019S mutation has an age-dependent penetrance and evidence shows common ancestry. The clinical manifestations are indistinguishable from idiopathic PD. Its prevalence varies according to the population studied ranging from less than 0.1% in Asians to 41% in North African Arabs. This study aimed to identify G2019S mutation in Brazilian idiopathic PD patients. Method: We sampled 100 PD patients and 100 age- and gender-matched controls. Genetical analysis was accomplished by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: No G2019S mutations were found in both patients with sporadic PD and controls. Conclusions: Our results may be explained by the relatively small sample size. .


Mutação no gene LRRK2, predominantemente G2019S, foi descrita em indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP) esporádica ou herança autossômica dominante. A penetrância da mutação varia com a idade e há evidências de ancestral comum. As manifestações clínicas são indistinguíveis da DP idiopática. Sua prevalência depende da população estudada e varia de 0,1% em asiáticos a 41% em árabes do norte africano. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a mutação G2019S em brasileiros com DP esporádica. Método: Foram testados 100 pacientes com DP e 100 controles pareados por idade e sexo. A análise genética foi realizada pela reação em cadeia por polimerização (PCR). Resultados: Não foi encontrada a mutação G2019S nem nos pacientes com DP nem nos controles. Conclusão: É possível que nossos resultados sejam devidos ao pequeno número de pacientes incluídos. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation Rate , Parkinson Disease/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Age Factors , Age of Onset , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Parkinson Disease/ethnology
17.
Gut and Liver ; : 508-518, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-108130

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 (DCAMKL1) is a marker of stem cells expressed predominantly in the crypt base in the intestine. However, DCAMKL1-positive cells have been shown to be differentiated tuft cells rather than quiescent progenitors. Tuft cells are the only epithelial cells that express cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the normal intestinal epithelium. We previously generated Cdx2-transgenic mice as model mice for intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma. In the current study, we investigated the association between COX-2 and DCAMKL1 in gastric carcinoma. METHODS: We examined the association between COX-2 and DCAMKL1 expression in gastric carcinomas in clinical samples (early gastric well-differentiated adenocarcinoma) and Cdx2-transgenic mice; and the DCAMKL1-transgenic mouse stomach using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The COX-2-expressing cells were scattered, not diffusely expressed, in gastric carcinomas from humans and Cdx2-transgenic mice. DCAMKL1-positive cells were also scattered in the gastric carcinomas, indicating that tuft cells could still be present in gastric carcinoma. COX-2 was expressed in DCAMKL1-positive tuft cells in Cdx2- and DCAMKL1-transgenic mouse stomachs, whereas the Sox9 transcription factor was ubiquitously expressed in gastric carcinomas, including COX-2-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 is expressed in DCAMKL1-expressing quiescent tuft cells in gastric carcinoma.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/cytology , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics , Mice, Transgenic , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/enzymology
19.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-86241

ABSTRACT

Type 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1) is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder with a multisystem involvement, caused by an abnormal expansion of the CTG sequence of the dystrophic myotonia protein kinase (DMPK) gene. DM1 is a variable multisystem disorder with muscular and nonmuscular abnormalities. Increasingly, endocrine abnormalities, such as gonadal, pancreatic, and adrenal dysfunction are being reported. But, Electrolytes imbalance is a very rare condition in patients with DM1 yet. Herein we present a 42-yr-old Korean male of DM1 with abnormally elevated serum sodium and potassium. The patient had minimum volume of maximally concentrated urine without water loss. It was only cured by normal saline hydration. The cause of hypernatremia was considered by primary hypodipsia. Hyperkalemic conditions such as renal failure, pseudohyperkalemia, cortisol deficiency and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis were excluded. Further endocrine evaluation suggested selective hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism as a cause of hyperkalemia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Hyperkalemia/complications , Hypernatremia/complications , Hypoaldosteronism/complications , Kidney Concentrating Ability , Myotonic Dystrophy/complications , Potassium/blood , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Sodium/blood
20.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-169730

ABSTRACT

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous pigmentation. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has an incidence of approximately 1 in 25,000 to 300,000 births. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that typically manifests as regional enteritis with its incidence ranging from 3.1 to 14.6 cases per 100,000 person-years in North America. Herein, we report a case of a 30-year-old male patient who had both Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and Crohn's disease. We believe that this is the first case in Korea and the second report in the English literatures on Peutz-Jeghers syndrome coincidentally accompanied by Crohn's disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Crohn Disease/complications , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Intestinal Polyps/pathology , Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome/complications , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
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