ABSTRACT
Os antipsicóticos são a primeira linha de tratamento para os sintomas psicóticos e suas síndromes. A psicose pode se apresentar como: delírios, alucinações, desorganização do pensamento e alteração do comportamento. Estima-se que 13 a 23% da população os apresente em algum momento ao longo da vida. Esta revisão clínica pretende auxiliar na tomada de decisão sobre quando e como introduzir antipsicóticos na atenção primária à saúde, levando em conta sua eficácia, o perfil de efeitos colaterais e os principais cuidados com as comorbidades relevantes. Realizou-se revisão da literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicos United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), BMJ Best Practice e UpToDate sumarizadores de evidência no período de outubro a novembro de 2020. Foram incluídos artigos que abordassem a introdução de antipsicóticos na atenção primária, em maiores de 18 anos, com publicação após 2010, em português, inglês, espanhol ou francês. Foram obtidos 76 artigos considerados elegíveis. Destes, 27 foram selecionados para leitura integral. O antipsicótico deve ser recomendado para qualquer pessoa que apresente um primeiro episódio de psicose. Preferencialmente, a escolha terapêutica deve fazer parte do plano conjunto, centrado na pessoa, levando em conta os efeitos colaterais. Não há superioridade na eficácia entre um antipsicótico ou outro, nem mesmo entre grupos. Analisou-se o perfil de eficácia, efeitos adversos, segurança e tolerabilidade dos principais fármacos disponíveis, facilitando a tomada de decisão perante a introdução dos antipsicóticos. Pela escassa literatura nacional, não foi possível analisar o perfil específico para a população brasileira.
Antipsychotics are the first line of treatment for psychotic symptoms and syndromes. Psychosis can present itself as: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and altered behavior. It is estimated that 13 to 23% of the population will experience these symptoms at some point in their lifetime. This clinical review aims to assist in the decision-making about when and how to introduce antipsychotics into primary health care, considering their effectiveness, side effect profile, and the main care practices for relevant comorbidities. A literature review was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, BMJ Best Practice, and UpToDate electronic databases summarizing evidence from October to November 2020. Articles that addressed the introduction of antipsychotics into primary health care, in patients over 18 years of age, published after 2010, in Portuguese, English, Spanish or French, were included. A total of 76 articles were considered eligible. Of these, 27 were selected for full reading. The antipsychotic should be recommended for anyone who experiences a first episode of psychosis. Preferably, the therapeutic choice should be part of a person-centered shared decision-making, considering the side effects. There is no superiority in effectiveness between one antipsychotic or another, not even between groups. The profile of efficacy, adverse effects, safety, and tolerability of the main drugs available were analyzed, facilitating decision-making regarding the introduction of antipsychotics. Due to the scarce national literature, it was not possible to analyze the specific profile for the Brazilian population.
Los antipsicóticos son la primera línea de tratamiento de los síntomas psicóticos y sus síndromes. La psicosis puede presentarse como: delirios, alucinaciones, pensamiento desorganizado y comportamiento alterado. Se estima que del 13 al 23% de la población los presenta en algún momento de su vida. Esta revisión clínica tiene como objetivo ayudar en la toma de decisiones sobre cuándo y cómo introducir los antipsicóticos en la atención primaria de salud, teniendo en cuenta su efectividad, el perfil de efectos secundarios y la atención principal de las comorbilidades relevantes. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, BMJ Best Practice y Uptodate bases de datos electrónicas que resumen la evidencia de octubre a noviembre de 2020. Criterios de inclusión: artículos que hayan abordado la introducción de antipsicóticos en atención primaria, mayores de 18 años, publicados después de 2010, en portugués, inglés, español o francés. Se consideraron elegibles 76 artículos. De estos, 27 fueron seleccionados para lectura completa. El antipsicótico debe recomendarse a cualquier persona que tenga un primer episodio de psicosis. Preferiblemente, la elección terapéutica debe formar parte del plan conjunto, centrado en la persona, teniendo en cuenta los efectos secundarios. No hay superioridad en la efectividad entre un antipsicótico u otro, ni siquiera entre grupos. Sintetizar el perfil de eficacia, efectos adversos, seguridad y tolerabilidad de los principales fármacos disponibles, facilitando la toma de decisión sobre la introducción de antipsicóticos. Debido a la escasa literatura nacional, no ha sido posible analizar el perfil específico de la población brasileña.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Psychotic Disorders , Primary Health Care , Antipsychotic AgentsABSTRACT
Este artigo trata de uma experiência institucional de estágio no Institut Médico Pédagogique Notre Dame de la Sagesse, também conhecido como Le Courtil. O Courtil é uma instituição belga que acolhe crianças e jovens com impasses no laço social. A partir do caso clínico de uma garota de oito anos, discute-se a importância dos objetos para a invenção e o tratamento que o sujeito dá ao real. Demonstra-se que o tratamento é um trabalho singular realizado pelo sujeito em parceria com os interventores. A prática entre vários e a transferência são colocadas em evidência como dispositivos que favorecem esse trabalho
Cet article est à propos d'une expérience institutionnel de stage à l'Institut Médico Pédagogique Notre Dame de la Sagesse, connu comme Le Courtil. Le Courtil est une institution belge qui accueille des enfants et des jeunes en difficultéau niveau du lien social. À partir d'un cas clinique d'une fille de huit ans, on discute l'importance des objets pour l'invention et pour le traitement du réel donné par le sujet. On démontre que le traitement est un travail singulier réalisé par le sujet en partenariat avec des intervenants. La pratique à plusieurs et le transfert sont mis en avant comme dispositifs qui favorisent ce travail
This article is about an internship experience that took place at the Institut Médico Pédagogique Notre Dame de la Sagesse, known as Le Courtil. Le Courtil is a Belgian institution dedicated to the reception and treatment ofchildren and young people with social bond difficulties. Based on a clinical case of an eight-year-old girl, the importance of objects for the invention and treatment of the real given by the subject is discussed. It is shown that the treatment is a singular work carried out by the subject in partnership with intervening parties. The multi-person practice and the transfer are put forward as devices that favour this work
Este artículo trata de una experiencia de pasantía institucional en el Institut Médico Pédagogique Notre Dame de la Sagesse, también conocido como Le Courtil. Le Courtil es una institución belga que acoge a niños y jóvenes con impasses en el lazo social. A partir del caso clínico de una niña de ocho años, se discute la importancia de los objetos para la invención y el tratamiento que el sujeto hace de lo real. Se demuestra que el tratamiento es un trabajo único realizado por el sujeto en compañía de los interventores. La práctica entre varios y la transferencia se destacan como dispositivos que favorecen este trabajo
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Play and Playthings , Psychotic Disorders , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Transference, Psychology , Psychoanalysis , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
Introduction: It is reported a case of a 57-year-old woman with multiple psychiatric hospitalizations, during which different diagnostic hypotheses and therapeutic procedures were proposed. Case report: After analyzing the patient's clinical records, the medical team proposed a diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder. This disorder presents a high risk of recurrent hospitalizations and high costs associated with therapeutic and follow-up withdrawal, yet there is limited data to assess the post-discharge critical periods. Final considerations: Further research in this area is required to adopt effective therapeutic strategies, reduce the probability of hospital admissions, improve prognosis, and lessen associated financial costs.
Introdução: é relatado o caso de uma mulher de 57 anos com múltiplas hospitalizações psiquiátricas, durante as quais diferentes hipóteses diagnósticas e terapêuticas associadas foram propostas. Relato do caso: Após análise dos registos clínicos, a equipa médica propôs o diagnóstico de Perturbação Esquizoafetiva. Esta Perturbação apresenta um elevado risco de re-internamento, para além do custo associado ao abandono do seguimento clínico e terapêutico. Porém, não existem dados suficientes que avaliem os períodos pós-alta. Consideracoes finais: Portanto, tornam-se necessárias pesquisas mais amplas na área para adotar estratégias terapêuticas eficazes, reduzir a probabilidade de re-internamento, melhorar o prognóstico e minimizar os custos financeiros associados.
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders , Patients , Prognosis , Therapeutics , WomenABSTRACT
A inserção de psicanalistas em instituições da rede de saúde mental, em especial nos dispositivos de atenção a usuários de álcool e outras drogas, amplia a discussão sobre o diagnóstico estrutural frente ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. O recurso às drogas na psicose pode operar como uma tentativa de estabilização ao localizar no real da substância os efeitos da invasão do real dos sintomas psicóticos. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, a partir de um caso clínico, a possibilidade de construção simbólica frente à falha deste recurso. O caso analisado pela teoria lacaniana demonstra que o uso de drogas pode ser capturado pelo processo de desorganização pulsional. Discute-se a função do sonho na psicose e sua relação com a construção delirante. O endereçamento transferencial ao analista, por outro lado, permite que o discurso sobre as drogas em sua dimensão significante opere como uma forma de construção simbólica para a amarração dos registros
L'insertion despsychanalystes dans les établissements du réseau d'assistance de la santé mentale, notamment dans les dispositifs de prise en charge des usagers d'alcool et d'autres drogues, élargit la réflexion sur le diagnostic structurel face à l'usage de substances psychoactives. L'usage de drogues dans la psychose peut opérer comme une tentative de stabilisation en situant dans le réel de la substance les effets de l'envahissement du réel des symptômes psychotiques. L'objectif de cet article est de discuter, a partir d'un cas clinique, de la possibilité d'une construction symbolique face à l'échec de cette ressource. Le cas, pour la théorie lacanienne, démontre que la consommation de drogues peut être capturée par le processus de désorganisation de la pulsion. Les rêves sont discutés a partir du délire et de sa fonction dans la psychose. L'adresse du transfert à l'analyste, au contraire, permet au discours sur la drogue dans sa dimension signifiante d'opérer comme une forme de construction symbolique pour nouer les registres.
The insertion of psychoanalysts in institutions of the mental health network, especially in spaces dedicated to the care of users of alcohol and other drugs, broadens the discussion on the structural diagnosis in the face of psychoactive substance use. The use of drugs in psychosis can operate as an attempt at stabbilization by locating in the real of the substance the effects of the invasion of the real of psychotic symptoms. The objective of this article is to discuss, based on a clinical case, the possibility of symbolic construction when facing the failure of this resource. The case demonstrates through lacan´s theory that drug use can be captured by the process of disorganization of the drive. The function of dream in psychosis is discussed through its relation to delusion. The transferential addre to the analyst, on the other hand, allows the discourse about drugs in its signifying dimension to operate as a form of symbolic construction for tying the registers
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders , Illicit Drugs , Substance-Related DisordersABSTRACT
RESUMEN: El consumo de bebidas energizantes y su rápida expansión ha creado preocupación desde el punto de vista científico y comunitario. Estas son bebidas que contienen cafeína como su principio activo más común. Se presenta el caso de un paciente sin antecedentes psiquiátricos con presentación clínica de síntomas psicóticos tras incremento del consumo de bebidas energizantes. Se realiza una revisión de literatura existente sobre otros casos de aparición de psicosis tras el consumo de estas bebidas en personas sin y con antecedentes psiquiátricos, así como casos en que predomina la presentación de otros síntomas psiquiátricos con la finalidad de discutir el impacto clínico. El consumo de bebidas energizantes podría representar un problema de salud pública mundial debido a los posibles efectos adversos graves y aún poco estudiados en la salud física y mental.
ABSTRACT The consumption of energy drinks and their rapid expansion has created concern from a scientific and community point of view. These are drinks that contain caffeine as their most common active ingredient. We present the case of a patient with no psychiatric history with clinical presentation of psychotic symptoms after increased consumption of energy drinks. A review of existing literature is carried out on other cases of the appearance of psychosis after the consumption of these beverages in people without and with a psychiatric history, as well as cases in which the presentation of other psychiatric symptoms predominates in order to discuss the clinical impact. The consumption of energy drinks could represent a global public health problem due to the possible serious and still little studied adverse effects on physical and mental health.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Caffeine/adverse effects , Energy Drinks/adverse effectsABSTRACT
O ato de brincar é universal e traz muitos benefícios para as crianças, como a facilita-ção de seu crescimento e da sua interação com seus pares. Além disso, a brincadeira pode ser usada dentro da clínica como forma de expressão e comunicação da criança, inclusive daquelas consideradas psicóticas. Na psicose, ocorre uma ausência de arti-culação simbólica e o imaginário aparece de forma hipertrofiada e despedaçada, dessa forma, a brincadeira para essas crianças aparece com muitas especificidades. Este artigo busca estudar, por meio de uma análise teórica sobre o tema, como se dá o ato de brincar para uma criança psicótica, bem como suas características e sua importância para a clínica dessas crianças.
Subject(s)
Play and Playthings , Psychoanalysis , Psychotic Disorders , ChildABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN. Los estudios de tratamiento indican que el riesgo de transición a un trastorno psicótico puede al menos retrasarse en la población clínica de alto riesgo de psicosis (CHR), además de mejorar variables relacionadas con la calidad de vida de los pacientes, existiendo evidencia a favor de la terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC). MÉTODOS. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa, basada en la búsqueda de artículos originales, que abordasen la efectividad de la TCC en pacientes CHR, publicados en los últimos cinco años, incluidos en esta síntesis. RESULTADOS. Se incluyeron un total de 10 artículos que evalúan la TCC en CHR, siendo un tratamiento efectivo y ampliamente utilizado, lo que se asocia a una disminución en las consecuencias psicosociales que conlleva el retraso en la presentación del cuadro clínico y/o la disminución de síntomas comórbidos. CONCLUSIÓN. Actualmente, la TCC se ha convertido en el tratamiento de primera elección para CHR, existiendo una gran variedad de estrategias psicoterapéuticas específicas dentro de este grupo de intervención.
INTRODUCTION. Treatment studies indicate that the risk of transition to a psychotic disorder can at least be delayed in the clinical population at high risk for psychosis (CHR), in addition to improving variables related to the quality of life of patients, with evidence in favor of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). METHODS. A narrative synthesis was carried out, based on the search for original articles, which addressed the effectiveness of CBT in CHR patients, published in the last five years, included in this synthesis. RESULTS. A total of 10 articles that evaluate CBT in CHR were included, being an effective and widely used treatment, which is associated with a decrease in the psychosocial consequences that the delay in the presentation of the clinical picture and/or the decrease in symptoms entails. comorbid. CONCLUSION. Currently, CBT has become the treatment of first choice for CHR, with a wide variety of specific psychotherapeutic strategies within this intervention group.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychotic Disorders/prevention & control , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , RiskABSTRACT
O insight cognitivo ou clínico refere-se à capacidade de atribuição de sentido aos sintomas presentes em transtornos psicóticos, especialmente naqueles relacionados ao espectro da esquizofrenia. A Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) foi desenvolvida com a finalidade de auxiliar o tratamento de pessoas com o insight comprometido. No entanto, este instrumento ainda não foi devidamente adaptado ao contexto brasileiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer a adaptação transcultural da BCIS para o português do Brasil por meio da evidência de validade de conteúdo. Seis juízes avaliaram os itens desta escala quanto à clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática, relevância teórica e relação item-dimensão. A BCIS apresentou concordância satisfatória nos índices de validade de conteúdo e homogeneidade das respostas referente à análise da clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática e relevância teórica e concordância entre item-dimensão teórica, com reformulação de alguns itens. A retrotradução da escala recebeu aval positiva de uma das autoras originais. No entanto, ainda é necessária a verificação das propriedades psicométricas desta versão da BCIS.
Cognitive or clinical insight refers to the ability to assign meaning to symptoms present in psychotic disorders, especially those related to the schizophrenia spectrum. The Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) was developed to support the treatment of people with impaired insight. However, this instrument has not yet been adapted to the Brazilian context. This study aimed to make the cross-cultural adaptation of the BCIS into Brazilian Portuguese through evidence of content validity. Six judges evaluated the items of this scale regarding clarity of language, practical relevance, theoretical relevance and item-dimension relatedness. The BCIS presented satisfactory agreement in the indices of content validity and homogeneity of responses regarding the analysis of clarity of language, practical relevance and theoretical relevance and agreement between item-theoretical dimension, reformulating some items. The back-translation of the scale received a positive endorsement from one of the original authors. However, it is still necessary to verify the psychometric properties for this version of the BCIS.
El insight cognitivo o clínico se refiere a la capacidad de asignar un significado a los síntomas presentes en los trastornos psicóticos, especialmente aquellos relacionados con el espectro de la esquizofrenia. La Escala de Insight Cognitivo de Beck (BCIS) fue desarrollada para apoyar el tratamiento de personas con insight comprometido. Sin embargo, este instrumento todavía no ha sido adaptado al contexto brasileño. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar la adaptación transcultural de la BCIS al portugués brasileño mediante pruebas de validez de contenido. Seis jueces evaluaron los ítems de esta escala en cuanto a la claridad del lenguaje, la relevancia práctica, la relevancia teórica y la relación ítem-dimensión. La BCIS presentó una concordancia satisfactoria en los índices de validez de contenido y homogeneidad de respuestas en cuanto al análisis de la claridad del lenguaje, relevancia práctica y relevancia teórica, y concordancia entre ítem-dimensión teórica, reformulando algunos de los ítems. La retraducción de la escala recibió una aprobación positiva de una de las autoras. Todavía es necesario verificar las propiedades psicométricas de esta versión de la BCIS.
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Schizophrenia/therapy , Cognition , BrazilABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Objetivo: estudiar las características del lenguaje en pacientes que padecen esquizofrenia u otros trastornos psicóticos. Método: 55 pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia (50) y trastorno esquizoafectivo (5). Se aplica la escala TLC de Andreasen, la escala EEAG para la funcionalidad, la CGI para la gravedad. Se recogen datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: Las medias son: edad: 61,47 años, internamiento: 19,47 años, CGI: 5,8, EEAG: 32,5. La subescala de desconexión de la TLC puntúa de media: 8,43, y la de Subproducción verbal: 1,2. La desconexión correlaciona negativamente con EEAG, y positivamente con CGI. La Subproducción verbal correlaciona con CGI. Conclusiones: Los participantes presentan un grado de gravedad elevado y de funcionalidad bajo. Presentan alteraciones importantes del lenguaje, particularmente de pobreza del habla, pero también de desconexión verbal. Con puntuaciones que varían de leve a moderado. Ambas subescalas correlacionan con gravedad. Además, la desconexión es mayor en los pacientes con peor funcionalidad. La alteración del lenguaje en esquizofrenia está relacionada con la gravedad y la funcionalidad, lo cual tiene importantes consecuencias en la vida de las personas que padecen esta enfermedad.
ABSTRACT Objective: to study the characteristics of language in patients suffering from schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Method: 55 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (50) and schizoaffective disorder (5). The Andreasen TLC scale, the EEAG scale for functionality and the CGI for gravity are applied. Sociodemographic data are collected. Results: Mean age: 61.47 years, mean years hospitalized: 19.47 years, CGI: 5.8, EEAG: 32.5. The TLC disconnection subscale scores on average: 8.43, and the Verbal Underproduction: 1.2. Disconnection correlates negatively with EEAG, and positively with CGI. Verbal underproduction correlates with CGI. Conclusions: The participants present a high degree of severity and low functionality. They present significant language alterations, poor speech, and verbal disconnection. With scores ranging from mild to moderate. Both subscales correlate with severity. In addition, the Disconnection is greater in patients with worse functionality. Language impairment in schizophrenia is related to severity and functionality, which has important consequences in the lives of people with this disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Psychotic Disorders/physiopathology , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Language Disorders/physiopathology , Patient Acuity , InpatientsABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: un quiste aracnoideo es originado de la alteración de una de las membranas de la meninges (aracnoides), de predominio en la fosa craneal media; es una patología poco común que cause síntomas y si ocurren, se pueden presentar manifestaciones neuropsiquiatrías. OBJETIVO: exponer los datos clínicos; y la metodología diagnóstica y terapéutica. CASO: presentamos una paciente femenina de 24 años de edad; sin antecedentes personales médicos psiquiátricos y médicos no psiquiátricos conocidos, quien presenta una historia con un mes de evolución de síntomas psicóticos y cambios conductuales. Se le realizo CAT cerebral simple y luego una resonancia magnética cerebral contrastada para definir el tamaño del quiste aracnoideo, por los posibles síntomas neuropsiquiátricos encontrados. Por medio de exámenes de laboratorios, estudios electrofisiológicos (electroencefalograma), neuroimágenes y evaluación clínica. Se decide presentar las características clínicas encontradas de la paciente quien requirió manejo con antipsicóticos, benzodiacepinas y estabilizador del humor con gradual mejoría de sus sintomatologías de ingreso (agitación psicomotora y psicosis).
INTRODUCTION: an arachnoid cyst is caused by the alteration of one of the membranes of the meninges (arachnoid), predominantly in the middle cranial fossa; It is an uncommon pathology that causes symptoms and if they occur, neuropsychiatric manifestations may take place. OBJECTIVE: expose the clinical data; and the diagnostic and therapeutic methodology. CASE: we present a 24-year-old female patient; with no personal history of psychiatric and known non-psychiatric medical records, whom presents a story with a month of evolution of psychotic symptoms and behavioral changes. A simple cerebral CAT was performed and then a cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with contrast to define the size of the arachnoid cyst, due to the possible neuropsychiatric symptoms found. Through laboratory tests, electrophysiological studies (electroencephalogram), neuroimaging and clinical evaluation. It was decided to present the clinical characteristics of the patient who required management with antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and mood stabilizer with gradual improvement of her admission symptoms (psychomotor agitation and psychosis)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Arachnoid Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to determine the psychological well-being of patients who underwent stem cell transplantation. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 patients. Data were collected face-to-face using an introductory information form and the Brief Symptom Inventory.When the results of the patients were examined, the interpersonal sensitivity of the sub-dimensions of the scale was found to be 5.0 ± 4.06, depression 7.60 ± 5.37, and anxiety disorder 7.90 ± 5.34. There was a significant difference between the diagnosistime of the patients and all sub-factors of the scale, except phobic anxiety. It was found that the psychological state of the patients was directly related to the time of first diagnosis. As a result, the importance of following the psychological processof the patients during the treatment process was revealed when planning nursing care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Patients/psychology , Stem Cell Transplantation/nursing , Emotional Adjustment/ethics , Nursing Care/ethics , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/nursing , Anxiety Disorders/rehabilitation , Paranoid Disorders/diagnosis , Paranoid Disorders/nursing , Paranoid Disorders/therapy , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/nursing , Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Somatoform Disorders/diagnosis , Somatoform Disorders/nursing , Somatoform Disorders/therapy , Bone Marrow , Demography/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/nursing , Hostility , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/nursing , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: In this paper, our aim is to study a specific clinical case taking the temporal dimension as the main angle of analysis. We explore the effects of psychoanalysis on time's representation of a patient showing psychotic symptoms. We analyze the different moments of the therapy that made possible an original integration of the temporal dimension by working on the local coordinates of the therapeutic setting. The "subjective effects" that guided the cure are stipulated and articulated to the different interventions to show the logical foundation of the psychoanalytic clinical practice in this case.
Resumo: Neste artigo, apresentamos um caso clínico especial considerando a dimensão temporal como perspectiva privilegiada. Examinamos os efeitos da psicanálise na representação do tempo de um paciente que apresenta uma sintomatologia psicótica. A partir de um trabalho centrado nas coordenadas locais do quadro terapêutico, analisamos os diferentes momentos da terapia ligados a uma nova integração da dimensão temporal. Consideramos os "efeitos subjetivos" específicos que orientam o tratamento como ligados às diversas intervenções, a fim de destacar os fundamentos lógicos da prática psicanalítica neste caso.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis , Psychotic Disorders , TimeABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A abordagem psicanalítica atua no avesso do discurso psiquiátrico, não requerendo um manejo padronizado, e se orientando para a singularidade. O modo como cada um se enlaça ao Outro é apresentado por Lacan (1969-1970/1992) através do conceito de laço social. A inserção no discurso engendra uma trama social e, para tanto, é necessário observar o modo singular com que cada um faz laço, valendo-se da ideia de que haverá sempre um resto, pedaço de real não completamente absorvido pela lógica discursiva. Será propriamente através da invenção de um sinthoma que este resto encontrará alguma estabilização, inserindo o Outro nesta construção (Lacan, 1975-1976/2007). Partindo deste a priori, o presente estudo objetiva delinear como se estabelece o laço social na psicose a partir da psicanálise de orientação lacaniana, articulando com o conceito de sinthoma. MÉTODO: O percurso metodológico adotado se caracteriza como qualitativo, de objetivo exploratório, e quanto ao seu delineamento, é uma pesquisa bibliográfica. RESULTADO: Como resultados, identificamos que a psicanálise possibilita uma clínica pautada na responsabilidade do sujeito e de sua singularidade como diretrizes éticas na condução de intervenções no campo da saúde mental. CONCLUSÃO: É a partir do conceito de laço social, formulado por Lacan, que poderemos ver as soluções, bricolagens e sinthomas que amparam a cada um. Portanto, resta acompanhar e testemunhar, no um a um dos casos, a forma como cada sujeito pode, ao seu modo, remendar a sua realidade, sempre psíquica.
INTRODUCTION: A psychoanalytic approach does not require psychiatric discourse, standardized management, and uniqueness. METHOD: Or how each is linked to the Other is presented by Lacan (1969-1970/1992) through the concept of the social bond. A non-discursive insertion engenders a social fabric, and, therefore, it is necessary to observe the singular form in which each face, starting from the idea that there will always be a rest, a piece of the real, is not totally absorbed by the discursive logic. Through the invention of a symptom, this rest will find some stabilization, insertion, or other construction (Lacan, 1975-1976/2007). Based on this a priori, or the present study, the objective is to understand how the social bond in the psyche is established from Lacanian oriented psychoanalysis, articulating itself as a symptom concept. The methodological approach is qualitative, with an exploratory objective, and its design and bibliographic research every year. RESULT: As a result, we identified that psychoanalysis enables a clinic based on the individual's responsibility and its uniqueness as ethical guidelines in conducting interventions in the field of mental health. CONCLUSION: From the concept of the social bond formulated by Lacan, we will be able to see the solutions, bricolages, and symptoms that each one protects. Therefore, it remains to monitor and testify, not one to two cases, as each subject can, in his own way, fix his reality, always psychic.
NTRODUCCIÓN: El enfoque psicoanalítico trabaja en el lado opuesto del discurso psiquiátrico, no requiriendo un manejo estandarizado y enfocándose en la singularidad. La forma en que cada uno se vincula con el Otro es presentada por Lacan (1969-1970 / 1992) a través del concepto de vínculo social. La inserción en el discurso engendra un tejido social y, por tanto, es necesario observar la forma única en que cada uno forma un vínculo, haciendo uso de la idea de que siempre habrá un remanente, un trozo de realidad no completamente absorbido por la lógica discursiva. Será precisamente a través de la invención de un sinthome que este remanente encontrará cierta estabilización, insertando al Otro en esta construcción (Lacan, 1975-1976 / 2007). Partiendo de este a priori, el presente estudio pretende esbozar cómo se establece el vínculo social en la psicosis a partir del psicoanálisis lacaniano, articulándolo con el concepto de sinthome. MÉTODO: El enfoque metodológico adoptado se caracteriza por ser cualitativo, con objetivo exploratorio, y su diseño es una investigación bibliográfica. RESULTADO: Como resultado, identificamos que el psicoanálisis posibilita una clínica basada en la responsabilidad del sujeto y su singularidad como pautas éticas en la realización de intervenciones en el campo de la salud mental. CONCLUSIÓN: Es a partir del concepto de vínculo social, formulado por Lacan, que podremos ver las soluciones, bricolages y sinthomes que sustentan cada uno. Por tanto, queda por seguir y presenciar, en uno a uno de los casos, cómo cada sujeto puede, a su manera, remendar su realidad, siempre psíquica.
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders , Psychoanalysis , Mental HealthABSTRACT
Background: When there is a lack of resources in the community to support deinstitutionalisation,family members of a relative diagnosed with substance-induced psychosis disorder (SIPD) are the most affected and vulnerable. Nevertheless, family members' care is still largely unacknowledged in the mental health sector in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, no prior research could be found on family members' experiences caring for a relative with SIPD in Giyani, Limpopo province, South Africa. Objectives: To explore and describe family members' experiences caring for a relative with SIPD. Method: The study employed a qualitative research design using interpretative phenomenological analysis as the research method. Telephonic interviews were conducted and analysed. Eight family members were selected to participate in the study using a purposive sampling technique. Results: The analysis of data led to the emergence of the following themes: family members experienced caring for a relative with SIPD as a destabilising responsibility; they experienced acceptance and support from significant others and the community and solace in prayer. Participants also expressed they experienced a need for support from government structures in order to care for a relative with SIPD. Conclusion: The study's findings highlighted the family members' experiences of caring for a relative with SIPD and the role of the family, community and government structures in caring for an individual with SIPD. It is evident from the challenges experienced that the family members need external interventions to develop healthy coping strategies. Contribution: This study adds knowledge to nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research by promoting effective coping amongst family members caring for a relative with SIPD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychotic Disorders , Family , Residence Characteristics , Substance-Related Disorders , Psychoses, Substance-InducedABSTRACT
Introduction: The prevalence of psychotic symptoms among prisoners is increasing rapidly throughout the world. It imposes considerable personal and public health burden. In recent years psychotic symptoms among prisoners has been widely emphasized and the current study aimed to assess psychotic symptoms and its association with substance use disorders among adult prisoners in correctional institution in Southwest Ethiopia. Method: Facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Jimma Correctional Institution among 336 prisoners selected by systematic random sampling method in June 2017. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Multivariable logistic regression was computed to identify independent associated factors. Results: The prevalence of psychotic symptoms among prisoners was found to be 43%. Poor social support (AOR: 4.12, 95%CI: 1.39-12.66), alcohol use disorder (AOR: 4.03, 95%CI: 1.58-10.27), stressful life events (AOR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.14-4.21), and common mental disorders (AOR: 5.53, 95%CI: 2.56-11.91) were independently associated with single psychotic symptom. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of psychotic symptoms. Psychotic symptoms were significantly associated with poor social support, alcohol use disorder, stressful life events and common mental disorders. It is essential to have screening mechanism and management practice for psychotic symptoms.
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Substance-Related Disorders , Prisoners , EthiopiaABSTRACT
Introduction: The impact of COVID-19 on people with Severe Mental Health Conditions (SMHCs) has been neglected. We aimed to describe the effect and explore the consequences of COVID-19 on people with SMHCs and mental health services in rural districts of Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a mixed-method study nested within well-characterized population cohorts in Butajira and Sodo districts. We sampled 336 people (168 people with SMHCs, 168 comparisons) in a cross-sectional survey. We conducted qualitative key informant interviews with psychiatric nurses (n=3), primary health care workers (n=3), service users (n=4), family members (n=6) and community members (n=2). We assessed wellbeing (WHO wellbeing index), social support (Oslo social support scale; OSS) and food security quantitatively and used thematic analysis to explore impacts. Results: People with SMHCs reported significantly lower wellbeing (WHO wellbeing score 52 vs. 72; p<0.001), less social support (OSS score 8.68 vs. 9.29; p<0.001), worse living standards (47.0% vs. 29.0%; p<0.001) and increased food insecurity (26.0% vs. 12.5%; p<0.001). Household economic status worsened for over one-third of participants. Participants reported increased relapse, exacerbated stigma due to perceived susceptibility of people with SMHCs to COVID-19, and increased restraint. In mental healthcare settings, there was decreased patient flow but an increase in new cases. Innovations included flexible dispensing of medicines, longer appointment intervals and establishing new treatment centers. Conclusions: COVID-19 had negative consequences on people with SMHCs and mental health services, which must be anticipated and prevented in any future humanitarian crisis. Adaptive responses used during COVID may increase health system resilience
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mental Health , Economic Status , COVID-19 , Psychotic Disorders , Bipolar Disorder , DepressionABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo investiga a relação corpo, arte e loucura na obra de Arthur Bispo do Rosário, pelo referencial teórico psicanalítico freud-lacaniano em diálogo com outros campos do saber, a partir das seguintes interrogações: de que maneira a psicanálise dialoga com a temática da arte? Qual o estatuto da arte na psicose? Como sujeitos psicóticos fazem uso da arte, pela via das invenções, a fim de lidar com o corpo e estabilizar seu sofrimento psíquico? Nesse sentido, traçamos considerações sobre o estatuto da arte na psicanálise, levantamos algumas contribuições histórico-filosóficas sobre a relação entre arte e loucura e apreciamos a obra de Bispo à luz das proposições de Jacques Alain-Miller, com vistas a compreender os modos através dos quais a arte produzida por sujeitos em sofrimento psíquico pode servir de anteparo à loucura e favorecer a forma como eles lidam com seu corpo.
Abstract This essay investigates the relations between body, art, and madness in Arthur Bispo do Rosário's oeuvre based on the Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalytic theoretical reference, in dialogue with other fields of knowledge, drawing on the following interrogations: in what ways does psychoanalysis dialogues with the theme of art? What is the status of art in psychosis? How do psychotic individuals use art, through inventions, to deal with the body and stabilize their psychic suffering? In this regard, this paper discusses the status of art in psychoanalysis, brings some historical-philosophical contributions to the relationship between art and madness, and interprets his work in the light of Jacques Alain-Miller's propositions, to understand the ways in which the art produced by subjects in psychological distress can serve as a buffer to madness and favor how they deal with their bodies.
Resumen Este artículo analiza la relación entre cuerpo, arte y locura en la obra de Arthur Bispo do Rosario, por el referencial teórico psicoanalítico freud-lacaniano en diálogo con otros campos del saber, partiendo de los siguientes interrogantes: ¿De qué manera el psicoanálisis dialoga con la temática del arte? ¿Cuál es el estatuto del arte en la psicosis? ¿Cómo sujetos psicóticos hacen uso del arte, por la vía de las invenciones, a fin de tratar con el cuerpo y estabilizar su sufrimiento psíquico? Para ello, trazamos consideraciones sobre el estatuto del arte en el psicoanálisis, levantamos algunas contribuciones histórico-filosóficas sobre la relación arte y locura y apreciamos la obra de Bispo a la luz de las proposiciones de Jacques Alain-Miller, con miras a comprender los modos a través de los cuales el arte producido por sujetos en sufrimiento psíquico puede servir de amparo a la locura y favorecer la forma de cómo lidian con su cuerpo.
Résumé Cet essai étudie les relations le corps, l'art et la folie chez Arthur Bispo do Rosário à partir de la référence théorique psychanalytique freudienne-lacanienne, en dialogue avec d'autres domaines de connaissance, en s'appuyant sur les interrogations suivantes : de quelle manière la psychanalyse dialogue-t-elle avec le thème de l'art ? Quel est le statut de l'art dans la psychose ? Comment les individus psychotiques utilisent-ils l'art, à travers des inventions, pour faire face au corps et stabiliser leur souffrance psychique ? À cet égard, cet article discute du statut de l'art dans la psychanalyse, apporte quelques contributions historico-philosophiques à la relation entre l'art et la folie, et interprète son travail à la lumière des propositions de Jacques Alain-Miller, afin de comprendre comment l'art produit par les sujets en souffrance psychique peut servir de tampon à la folie et favoriser la façon dont ils font face à leur corps.
Subject(s)
Art/history , Psychoanalytic Theory , Dementia/history , Psychological Distress , Psychotic Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Awareness of perceptual and sensory changes that might occur in visual, auditory, proprioception, and other senses, in the early stages towards the First Episode Psychosis (FEP), and their subsequent sensorial evolution as the disturb progresses deeper into an acute episode, might be a key element for interrupting the process. In the present study, we investigated hearing discomfort/tolerance to 16 given sound streams. Sixteen people diagnosed with FEP, participated in the experiment. Sixteen frequency sweeps varying in modulation envelopes (sawtooth, sine), order (ascending, descending), duration (4s, 8s), and range (508000 Hz, 28 kHz) were presented randomly, but always in the same sequence, to FEP and healthy controls (HC). The level of discomfort was estimated by the participant by making a mark across a continuous line whose extremes read "nothing bad" (left) and "too bad" (right). Results showed that ascending sine pure frequency sweeps (p < 0.01) and descending sine pure frequencies sweeps (p < 0.01) caused the maximum discomfort in FEP. Other variables also showed differences between FEP and HC, and FEP were always more intolerant to such pure frequency sweeps than HC. We conclude that this might be useful for very early assessment of people at risk, people with FEP, and people with schizophrenia. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Schizophrenic Psychology , Auditory Perception , Psychoacoustics , Psychotic DisordersABSTRACT
Resumen Este artículo apunta a ofrecer soluciones prácticas a los atolladeros más comunes que suelen presentarse al momento de utilizar los sueños en el psicoanálisis con psicóticos, como la indiferenciación entre sueño, realidad y delirio, la dificultad de algunos psicóticos para asociar y el avance de las pesadillas. Se toma posición a favor de la posibilidad de utilizar los sueños en la clínica de las psicosis y se describen los modos en que estos pueden colaborar en la dirección de la cura: poniendo en discurso experiencias inefables, permitiendo la historización y sustituyendo la asociación libre por el encadenamiento entre sueños. Se concluye que la vía onírica puede constituir un remedio eficaz contra el retorno en lo real y que es preferible interrogar los sueños con preguntas no muy amplias, orientadas a vincularlos con la vida del soñante y su posición subjetiva.
Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo apontar soluções práticas aos impasses mais comuns que costumam aparecer quando se aborda os sonhos na psicanálise com psicóticos, como a indiferenciação entre sonho, realidade e delírio, a dificuldade de alguns psicóticos com a associação livre e o avanço dos pesadelos. Toma-se posição a favor da possibilidade de utilizar os sonhos na clínica das psicoses e se descrevem os modos em que estes podem colaborar com o tratamento, colocando em discurso experiências inefáveis, permitindo a historização e substituindo a associação livre pelo encadeamento dos sonhos. Conclui-se que a vida onírica pode constituir um remédio eficaz contra o retorno no real e que é preferível interrogar os sonhos com perguntas não muito amplas, orientadas a vinculá-los com a vida do sonhante e com a sua posição subjetiva.
Abstract This paper offers some practical solutions to the most usual predicaments that usually arises when exploring dreams in psychoanalysis with psychotic patients, such as the non-distinction between dream, reality and delirium, the difficulty with free association and the invasion of nightmares. It advocates for using dreams in psychosis clinic and describes how dreams can contribute to treatment, by turning ineffable experiences into discourse, allowing historization and replacing association with dream chaining. Dream life can be an effective remedy against the return to the real, being preferable to interrogate dreams with precise questions aimed to link them to the dreamer's life and their subjective position.
Résumé Cet article propose quelques solutions pratiques aux problèmes les plus courants qui se posent lors de l'exploration des rêves en psychanalyse avec les psychotiques, tels que la non-distinction entre rêve, réalité et délire, la difficulté de l'association libre et l'invasion des cauchemars. On plaide pour l'utilisation des rêves dans la clinique des psychoses et décrit comment ceux-ci peuvent contribuer au traitement, en mettant en discours les expériences ineffables, permettant l'historisation et remplaçant l'association par l'enchaînement des rêves. La vie onirique peut être un remède efficace contre le retour au réel, étant préférable d'interroger les rêves avec des questions plus précises visant à les relier à la vie du rêveur et à sa position subjective.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Paranoid Disorders/psychology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Dreams , Psychoanalysis , Unconscious, PsychologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In Brazil, the right to healthcare and the incorporation of best scientific evidence in public health are universally guaranteed by law. However, the treatment offered to patients with mental disorders in custodial hospitals in this country has not been rigorously evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the psychiatric diagnoses and treatments implemented in three Brazilian custodial institutions. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study on patients held in custody in three Brazilian institutions, as judicially-determined safety measures due to their mental disorders, and the tools used in diagnoses and treatments. These institutions are in Rio de Janeiro and the Federal District. METHODS: The data from medical and judicial records that were made available were assessed regarding the diagnoses that were made and the instruments that were used. RESULTS: None of these inpatients were evaluated using validated tools, and only a few medical records presented clear descriptions of the cases. No patient with substance involvement had undergone laboratory toxicological assays. It was not possible to verify the adequacy of treatments because the procedures were inadequately described in the records. CONCLUSIONS: No standardized protocols or instruments for diagnosing mental health disorders or assessing use of psychoactive substances had been applied among the inpatients at these custodial institutions in Rio de Janeiro and the Federal District. The treatments that were prescribed to these inpatients consisted mainly of drugs.