Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 519
Filter
1.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e255605, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355882

ABSTRACT

Abstract Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, also information regarding the nature and magnitude of involved gene actions. Crops improvement involves strategies for enhancing yield potentiality and quality components. Targeting the improvement of respective characters in bitter gourd, combining ability and genetic parameters for 19 characters were estimated from a 6×6 full diallel analysis technique. The results revealed that the variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the important characters. It indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA variances were higher in magnitude than SCA variances for all the characters studied indicating the predominance of the additive gene effects in their inheritance. The parent P2 (BG 009) appeared as the best general combiner for earliness; P1 (BG 006) for number of fruits, average single fruit weight and fruit yield; P4 (BG 027) for node number of first female flower and days to seed fruit maturity; P3 (BG 011) for fruit length and thickness of the fruit flesh; P5 (BG 033) for 100-seed weight; and P6 for number of nodes per main vine. The SCA effect as well as reciprocal effect was also significant for most of the important characters in different crosses.


Resumo A análise da capacidade de combinação fornece informações úteis para a seleção dos pais, também informações sobre a natureza e a magnitude das ações dos genes envolvidos. A melhoria das safras envolve estratégias para aumentar a potencialidade da produção e os componentes de qualidade. Visando ao aprimoramento dos respectivos caracteres em cabaça-amarga, capacidade de combinação e parâmetros genéticos para 19 caracteres, foram estimados a partir de uma técnica de análise dialélica completa 6 × 6. Os resultados revelaram que as variâncias, devido à capacidade geral de combinação (GCA) e capacidade específica de combinação (SCA), foram altamente significativas para a maioria dos caracteres importantes. Indicou a importância das ações gênicas aditivas e não aditivas. As variâncias GCA foram maiores em magnitude do que as variâncias SCA para todos os caracteres estudados, indicando a predominância dos efeitos do gene aditivo em sua herança. O pai P2 (BG 009) apareceu como o melhor combinador geral para o início; P1 (BG 006) para número de frutos, peso médio de um único fruto e produção de frutos; P4 (BG 027) para número de nó da primeira flor fêmea e dias para a maturidade do fruto da semente; P3 (BG 011) para comprimento do fruto e espessura da polpa do fruto; P5 (BG 033) para peso de 100 sementes; e P6 para o número de nós por videira principal. O efeito SCA, bem como o efeito recíproco, também foi significativo para a maioria dos personagens importantes em cruzamentos diferentes.


Subject(s)
Momordica charantia , Crops, Agricultural , Flowers , Quality Improvement , Fruit/genetics
2.
RECIIS (Online) ; 17(1): 18-32, jan.-marc. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1418670

ABSTRACT

A pesquisa em que se baseia este artigo apresenta uma discussão de fronteira entre as temáticas comunicação pública e qualidade da informação. Assumiu como objeto de estudo as edições do boletim epidemiológico com dados da transmissão do novo coronavírus, publicadas em um dos canais oficiais digitais da Prefeitura Municipal de Frutal, cidade localizada no Triângulo Mineiro, estado de Minas Gerais. Com os objetivos de analisar não só o conteúdo dos boletins epidemiológicos, para discutir as práticas de comunicação pública empregadas no período estudado, mas também os atributos de qualidade da informação presentes no produto informacional, foi feito um monitoramento das postagens realizadas por ela, no Facebook, de abril de 2020 a abril de 2022.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodicals as Topic , Information Management , COVID-19 , Quality Control , Communication , Qualitative Research , Quality Improvement , Health Communication
3.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 94(1): e401, 2023. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1420112

ABSTRACT

El abordaje nutricional en los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacimiento constituye un desafío en la práctica clínica de los neonatólogos, y muchas veces se aborda fuera del período crítico. Existe evidencia contundente de que la optimización nutricional precoz impacta en forma directamente proporcional en la sobrevida y sobrevida sin morbilidades mayores para este grupo. La implementación de lactancia materna precoz en este contexto debe ser una prioridad del equipo asistencial, siendo la mejora de calidad una herramienta de demostrada utilidad para mejorar los resultados en términos de mortalidad y morbilidad neonatal.


The nutritional approach of the very low birth weight infant poses a great challenge to most neonatologists in their clinical practice, and it is frequently delayed until de newborn is in stable clinical conditions. Currently, scientific evidence supports that early nutritional optimization impacts directly on this group's survival and on their survival without major morbidities. Initiatives fostering early breastfeeding should be prioritized by the healthcare team. Quality improvement has shown to be a very useful resource to improve outcomes regarding neonatal mortality and morbidities.


A abordagem nutricional do recém-nascido de muito baixo peso representa um grande desafio para a maioria dos neonatologistas em sua prática clínica, sendo frequentemente postergada até que o recém-nascido esteja em condições clínicas estáveis. Atualmente, evidências científicas sustentam que a otimização nutricional precoce impacta diretamente na sobrevivência desse grupo e na sobrevivência sem maiores morbidades. Iniciativas de incentivo ao aleitamento materno precoce devem ser priorizadas pela equipe de saúde. A melhoria da qualidade tem se mostrado um recurso muito útil para melhorar os desfechos em relação à mortalidade e morbidades neonatais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Quality of Health Care/standards , Breast Feeding , Infant, Premature , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Infant Mortality , Survival Rate , Quality Improvement , Infant Death/prevention & control
4.
S. Afr. med. j. (Online) ; 113(1): 13-16, 2023. tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1412820

ABSTRACT

In 2019, Discovery Health published a risk adjustment model to determine standardised mortality rates across South African private hospital systems, with the aim of contributing towards quality improvement in the private healthcare sector. However, the model suffers from limitations due to its design and its reliance on administrative data. The publication's aim of facilitating transparency is unfortunately undermined by shortcomings in reporting. When designing a risk prediction model, patient-proximate variables with a sound theoretical or proven association with the outcome of interest should be used. The addition of key condition-specific clinical data points at the time of hospital admission will dramatically improve model performance. Performance could be further improved by using summary risk prediction scores such as the EUROSCORE II for coronary artery bypass graft surgery or the GRACE risk score for acute coronary syndrome. In general, model reporting should conform to published reporting standards, and attempts should be made to test model validity by using sensitivity analyses. In particular, the limitations of machine learning prediction models should be understood, and these models should be appropriately developed, evaluated and reported.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hospital Mortality , Private Sector , Risk Adjustment , Quality Improvement , Mortality
5.
Rev. baiana enferm ; 37: e48800, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1449467

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: construir uma matriz de análise para identificação dos problemas relacionados à cultura de segurança do paciente em uma unidade de pronto atendimento no sul do Brasil. Método: a primeira etapa, com delineamento transversal descritivo, ocorreu de julho a agosto de 2018, com enfermeiros, por meio da autoaplicação do instrumento "Safety Attitudes Questionaire - SAQ Short Form 2006". Na segunda etapa, com delineamento exploratório descritivo, as questões do SAQ passaram por análise interpretativa, realizada por enfermeiras dedicadas ao estudo da temática, em abril de 2021. Resultados: os problemas na cultura de segurança do paciente na unidade de pronto atendimento relacionaram-se à estrutura, processos de gestão e processos clínicos, principalmente de caráter organizacional. Conclusão: a utilização da análise de cadeia causal permitiu a construção de uma matriz de análise, facilitando a identificação dos principais problemas relacionados à cultura de segurança do paciente na unidade de pronto atendimento.


Objetivo: to develop an analysis matrix to identify problems related to the patient safety culture in an emergency care unit in southern Brazil. Método: the first stage, with a descriptive cross-sectional design, occurred from July to August 2018, with nurses, through the self-application of the instrument "Safety Attitudes Questionaire - SAQ Short Form 2006". In the second stage, with a descriptive exploratory design, the SAQ questions underwent an interpretative analysis, carried out by nurses dedicated to the study of the subject, in April 2021. Resultados: the problems in the patient safety culture in the emergency care unit were related to the structure, management processes and clinical processes, mainly of an organizational nature. Conclusión: the use of causal chain analysis allowed the construction of an analysis matrix, facilitating the identification of the main problems related to the patient safety culture in the emergency care unit.


Objective: to evaluate the clinical predictors for dry eye and the nursing diagnosis Risk of dry eye in postoperative patients in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. Method: cross-sectional study conducted between May and August, 2017. The sample was 157 adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the clinical diagnosis of dry eye prevailed in 85.35% of patients, and the nursing diagnosis Risk of dry eye in 14.65%. Statistical differences were observed between hyperemia, excessive tearing and insufficient Schirmer test with the diagnosis of ocular dryness in the right eye and with the diagnosis Risk of dry eye. In the left eye the Schirmer test was insufficient. Conclusão: hyperemia, excessive tearing and insufficient Schirmer test are relevant perioperative clinical predictors to promote preventive measures and/or early detection of dry eye.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Quality Improvement , Patient Safety/statistics & numerical data , Mediation Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Med. infant ; 29(2): 123-131, Junio 2022. Tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1381849

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El uso de herramientas estandarizadas como estrategia de comunicación para brindar información relevante, precisa y actualizada, forma parte de las iniciativas de calidad en las instituciones que cumplen altos estándares en la atención de pacientes. Objetivo: Describir la implementación de un programa de traspaso (IPASS) en unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos específicos. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasi-experimental antes y después de una intervención, no controlado, utilizando como sujetos a los profesionales de la salud involucrados en traspasos de pacientes de la unidad de terapia intensiva cardiovascular (UCI 35) e inmunosuprimidos (UCI 72). La intervención consistió en la introducción de un paquete de medidas de estandarización del traspaso de pacientes que consta de: una herramienta escrita, una mnemotecnia oral, una capacitación de trabajo en equipo, observación y devolución estandarizada de los traspasos, basados en la metodología IPASS. Se realizó además una encuesta de percepción de seguridad, tanto en la etapa pre y post intervención. Se comparó el cumplimiento de cada componente del traspaso antes y después de la intervención mediante la prueba de chi2 . Resultados: Se realizaron 101 observaciones de traspaso y 56 encuestas. La mediana de pacientes por cada observación fue 6 (r: 4 a 12) y el tiempo promedio de 26± 11 min. Conclusiones: El uso de un paquete de medidas de estandarización del traspaso de pacientes posquirúrgicos cardiovasculares e inmunosuprimidos aumentó significativamente la presencia de información clave sobre criticidad de la enfermedad, acciones y situaciones de contingencia, junto con la inclusión de la síntesis por el receptor del traspaso (AU)


Introduction: The use of standardized tools as a communication strategy to provide relevant, accurate, and up-to-date information is part of quality initiatives in institutions that adhere to high standards in patient care. Objective: To describe the implementation of a handoff program (IPASS) in specific pediatric intensive care units. Methods: An uncontrolled, quasi-experimental, beforeand-after study. Subjects were healthcare providers involved in patient handoffs in the cardiovascular (ICU 35) and immunocompromised-patient (ICU 72) intensive care units. The intervention consisted of the introduction of a bundle to standardize patient handoff consisting of: a written tool, an oral mnemonic, teamwork training, observation, and standardized feedback for handoffs based on the IPASS methodology. A safety perception survey was also carried out, both in the pre- and post-intervention stage. Compliance with each handoff component before and after the intervention was compared using the Chi-squared test. Results: 101 handoff observations and 56 surveys were conducted. The median number of patients per observation was 6 (r: 4 to 12) and the mean handoff time was 26±11 min. Conclusions: The use of a standardized handoff bundle for post-surgical cardiovascular and immunocompromised patients significantly increased the availability of key information on disease severity, actions, and contingency situations, as well as a synthesis by the handoff receiver (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Quality Improvement , Patient Safety , Patient Handoff/standards , Patient Handoff/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 25(288): 7804-7813, maio.2022. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1372433

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar retrospectivamente a incidência de lesão por pressão (LP) em uma UTI Geral em 2018, após aplicação da ciência de melhoria no Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ. Método: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e exploratório de natureza quantitativa, com dados de março a dezembro de 2018, sobre a incidência de LP e adesão as medidas implantadas após aplicação ciência da melhoria na UTI Geral São Judas Tadeu no Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ. Resultados: identificadas 104 lesões em 59 pacientes e uma incidência de LP de 7,33%. A região sacra foi a mais acometida (27,03%). 50% das LP foram de estágio 2. 38,46% das lesões foram relacionadas a dispositivos médicos. A adesão ao bundle de cuidados ficou em 71,16% e a Escala de Braden em 4 horas em 89,4%. Conclusão: estudo demonstra uma menor incidência de LP comparada com os valores nacionais, melhoria significativa no processo de identificação dos estadiamentos, avaliação do risco e notificações das LP(AU)


Objective: to retrospectively evaluate the incidence of pressure injury (PI) in a General ICU in 2018, after application of improvement science at Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ. Method: a retrospective, descriptive and exploratory study of a quantitative nature, with data from March to December 2018, on the incidence of PI and adherence to measures implemented after scientific application of improvement in the São Judas Tadeu General ICU at Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ. Results: 104 lesions were identified in 59 patients and an incidence of PI of 7.33%. The sacral region was the most affected (27.03%). 50% of PI were stage 2. 38.46% of injuries were related to medical devices. Adherence to the care bundle was 71.16% and the 4-hour Braden Scale was 89.4%. Conclusion: study demonstrates a lower incidence of PI compared to national values, significant improvement in the process of identifying staging, risk assessment and reporting of PI.(AU)


Objetivo: evaluar retrospectivamente la incidencia de lesión por presión (LP) en una UTI General en 2018, después de la aplicación de la ciencia de la mejora en el Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ. Método: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y exploratorio de naturaleza cuantitativa, con datos de marzo a diciembre de 2018, sobre la incidencia de LP y la adhesión a las medidas implementadas después de la aplicación científica de la mejora en la UTI General São Judas Tadeu del Hospital Santa Teresa, Petrópolis, RJ. Resultados: se identificaron 104 lesiones en 59 pacientes y una incidencia de LP del 7,33%. La región sacra fue la más afectada (27,03%). El 50% de las LP fueron estadio 2. El 38,46% de las lesiones estuvieron relacionadas con dispositivos médicos. La adherencia al paquete de atención fue del 71,16% y la Escala de Braden de 4 horas fue del 89,4%. Conclusión: el estudio demuestra una menor incidencia de LP en comparación con los valores nacionales, una mejora significativa en el proceso de identificación de etapas, evaluación de riesgos y notificación de LP.(AU)


Subject(s)
Pressure Ulcer , Quality Improvement , Incidence
8.
Rev. adm. pública (Online) ; 56(2): 291-308, mar.-abr. 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376364

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo analisa a construção da cooperação institucional entre o Ministério da Saúde e instituições acadêmicas para o desenvolvimento do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de saúde, à luz do neoinstitucionalismo histórico. Esta pesquisa qualitativa baseia-se em um estudo de caso sobre essa cooperação, que realizou análise documental e entrevistas com atores-chave do Ministério da Saúde e da academia. O contexto político-institucional do Governo Federal e do Ministério da Saúde, em 2011, favoreceu maior abertura para o tema da atenção básica e da avaliação e a aproximação com a academia. Essa cooperação institucional resulta de um processo histórico cujas iniciativas precedentes no campo da saúde pública conectaram gestores públicos e acadêmicos com interesse na evolução do Sistema Único de Saúde. Este estudo contribui para o debate acerca da cooperação entre órgãos governamentais e a academia na implementação das políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil.


Resumen Este estudio analiza la construcción de la cooperación institucional entre el Ministerio de Salud e instituciones académicas para el desarrollo del Programa de Mejora del Acceso y la Calidad en la Atención Primaria del Sistema Único de Salud, a la luz del neoinstitucionalismo histórico. Esta investigación cualitativa se basa en un estudio de caso sobre esta cooperación, que realizó análisis documentales y entrevistas con actores clave del Ministerio de Salud y la academia. El contexto político-institucional del Gobierno Federal y del Ministerio de Salud en 2011 propició una mayor apertura al tema de la atención primaria y la evaluación de la salud, además del acercamiento a la academia. Esta cooperación institucional es el resultado de un proceso histórico cuyas iniciativas previas en el campo de la salud pública han conectado a gestores públicos y académicos con el interés en el desarrollo del Sistema Único de Salud. Este estudio contribuye al debate sobre la cooperación entre las agencias gubernamentales y la academia en la implementación de políticas públicas de salud en Brasil.


Abstract This study analyzes the construction of institutional cooperation between the Brazilian Ministry of Health and academic institutions to develop the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care in the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). This qualitative research is based on a case study on this kind of cooperation, which carried out documental analysis and interviews with key actors from the Ministry of Health and academia. The political-institutional context of the federal government and the Ministry of Health in 2011 favored a greater opening to the theme of primary care and health evaluation, and a closeness to academia. This institutional cooperation is the result of a historical process where previous initiatives in the field of public health have connected public and academic managers interested in the development of SUS. This study contributes to the debate about the cooperation between government agencies and academia in implementing public health policies in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Quality of Health Care , Schools , Unified Health System , Brazil , Federal Government , Qualitative Research , Academies and Institutes , Quality Improvement , Health Policy
9.
Rev. ABENO ; 22(2): 1623, jan. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1402196

ABSTRACT

O objetivodo presente estudo foiavaliar a percepção de acadêmicos de Odontologia quanto àqualidade dos serviços prestados no âmbito da clínicade uma universidade privada do Nordeste brasileiro.Trata-se deuma pesquisa quantitativa, de caráter avaliativo e corte transversal realizada com 201 estudantesmatriculadosdo 4º ao 10º semestre de graduação,que prestaram atendimentoclínicoaospacientes.Realizou-se a coleta de dados no período de abril a setembro de 2019, por meio da aplicação de umquestionário contendo 35 questões objetivas, dividido emtrês blocos relacionados a: infraestrutura; qualidade do atendimento clínico; eações gerenciais. Dos 201 participantes, em quesitos relacionados àinfraestrutura, 187 (93%) apontaram adequadas condiçõesde uso, 198 (98,5%)boascondições de limpeza e 188 (93,5%) afirmaram que as instalações da clínicagarantem condições de acessibilidadee mobilidade. Em relação à qualidadedo atendimento, 102 (50,7%) participantes apontaram que houve orientação ao paciente após o tratamento, porém 200 (99,5%) afirmaram que é realizado o encaminhamento entre as clínicas quando necessário para completar otratamento.Para os aspectos gerenciais, 95 (47,3%)indicaramque são disponibilizadoscanais de comunicação aos pacientes, e 156 (77,6%)afirmaramque existe uma relação democrática e cooperativa com a coordenação. Os aspectos da qualidade relacionados ao âmbito da clínica escola foram considerados satisfatórios, contudo,existe anecessidade de uma análise mais aprofundada no processo de comunicação e monitoramento das ações para contínua melhoria da qualidade (AU).


This study aimed to evaluate the perception of academics regarding the quality of services provided within the clinical school of a Dentistry Course at a private university in Northeastern Brazil. Quantitative, evaluative and cross-sectional research carried out with students from the 4th to the 10th semester of graduation. Data collection was carried out from April to September 2019 with 201 participants who provided care to patients at the clinics. A questionnaire adapted from the Quality Assessment Instrument used in public health services was used. The instrument contained three blocks of aspects to be assessed: infrastructure; clinical care and satisfaction; managerial actions. Most participants indicated satisfactory conditions, highlighting the structural building categories (89.6%), cleanliness (98.5%) and accessibility (93.5%). As for the work process, there were positive responses above 80%, but only 50.7% indicated that there was guidance to the patient after assistance. For managerial aspects, 52.7% indicated that communication channels are available to patients and 77.6% stated that there is a democratic and cooperative relationship with the coordination. According to the perception of the interviewees, the aspects of quality related to infrastructure, work process and management actions of the services provided within the clinic were considered satisfactory, with identification of aspects that signal the need for a more in-depth analysis in the process of communication and monitoring of actions for continuous quality improvement (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality Control , Students, Dental , Dental Clinics , Dentistry , Social Perception , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Quality Improvement
10.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 35: eAPE039000934, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1374008

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto de um programa de melhoria da qualidade relacionado aos indicadores de frequência de sondas nasoenterais obstruídas, do tempo despendido pela equipe de enfermagem no preparo e na administração de medicamentos orais por essa via, e dos custos associados ao incidente. Método Estudo de intervenção voltado para a comparação pré (Fase I) e pós (Fase II) implementação de um Programa Melhoria da Qualidade, proposto pelo Institute for Healthcare Improvement . Foram observadas 92 doses de medicamentos na Fase I e 66 doses na Fase II. Foram necessários quatro ciclos Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) para atingir a meta proposta para o programa de melhoria. Resultados Houve redução no tempo médio gasto pelo profissional no preparo e na administração de medicamentos sólidos via sonda nasoenteral em ambas as fases. As frequências de sondas obstruídas reduziram de 33,3% (Fase I) para 7,4% (Fase II) e nenhuma sonda apresentou-se obstruída durante os ciclos 1, 2 e 4. O custo médio da obstrução por paciente foi de R$ 1.251,05 ao mês na Fase I e de R$ 23,31 na Fase II. Após as mudanças testadas, foi verificada economia de tempo para a equipe de enfermagem e de custo para a instituição. Conclusão Os ciclos PDSA foram eficazes na redução de não conformidades no preparo e na administração de medicamentos via sonda nasoenteral. Tal melhoria impactou a frequência de obstrução, os custos relacionados e o tempo médio gasto pelo profissional de enfermagem durante o preparo e a administração das doses.


Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el impacto de un programa de mejora de la calidad relacionado con los indicadores de frecuencia de sondas nasoenterales obstruidas, del tempo invertido por el equipo de enfermería en la preparación y en la administración de medicamentos orales por esa vía y de los costos asociados con el incidente. Métodos Estudio de intervención direccionado para la comparación previa (Fase I) y posterior (Fase II) a la implementación de un Programa Mejora de la Calidad, propuesto por el Institute for Healthcare Improvement . Se observaron 92 dosis de medicamentos en la Fase I y 66 dosis en la Fase II. Se necesitaron cuatro ciclos Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) para alcanzar la meta propuesta para el programa de mejora. Resultados Hubo reducción del tiempo promedio consumido por el profesional en la preparación y en la administración de medicamentos sólidos por sonda nasoenteral en ambas fases. La frecuencia de la obstrucción de las sondas se redujo del 33,3 % (Fase I) para el 7,4 % (Fase II) y ninguna sonda presentó obstrucción durante los ciclos 1, 2 y 4. El costo promedio de la obstrucción por paciente fue de R$ 1.251,05 al mes en la Fase I y de R$ 23,31 en la Fase II. Después de someter a pruebas los cambios, se verificó un ahorro de tiempo para el equipo de enfermería y de costo para la institución. Conclusión Los ciclos PDSA fueron eficaces en la reducción de no conformidades en la preparación y en la administración de medicamentos por sonda nasoenteral. Esa mejora impactó la frecuencia de obstrucción, los costos relacionados y el tiempo promedio consumido por el profesional de enfermería durante la preparación y la administración de las dosis.


Abstract Objective Evaluate the impact of a quality improvement program related to the frequency indicators of obstructed nasogastric tubes, the time the nursing team spent on oral medication preparation and administration through this route, and the costs associated with the incident. Method Intervention study aimed at comparing pre (Phase I) and post (Phase II) implementation of a Quality Improvement Program, proposed by Institute for Healthcare Improvement . Ninety-two medication doses were observed in Phase I and 66 doses in Phase II. Four Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were needed to achieve the proposed target for the improvement program. Results The average time the professional spent on solid medication preparation and administration through nasogastric tube decreased in both phases. Frequencies of obstructed tubes dropped from 33.3% (Phase I) to 7.4% (Phase II) and no probe was obstructed during cycles 1, 2, and 4. The average cost of the obstruction per patient was R$ 1,251.05 per month in Phase I and R$ 23.31 in Phase II. After testing the changes, time savings for the nursing team and cost savings for the institution were verified. Conclusion The PDSA cycles were effective in reducing non-conformities in medication preparation and administration via nasogastric tube. This improvement influenced the obstruction frequency, related costs, and the average time the nursing professional spent on the preparation and administration of the medication doses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Administration, Intranasal , Quality Improvement , Patient Safety , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Stents , Intervention Studies , Administration, Oral
11.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 33(3): 226-233, 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1417232

ABSTRACT

The sustainability of the Universidad de Chile Clinical Hospital must be understood comprehensively; providing higher quality and safety for our patients, ensuring highest standards of medical care. The quality of care must be understood not only in complying with the minimum standards to accredit and grant GES benefits, establish agreements with health insurers and be financially competitive; It must be incorporated into its management the dimensions of quality - effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility, safety, equity and patient-centered care- minimizing the costs of non-quality work. Our Clinical Hospital, as our country's main training center in healthcare professions, must include training at the undergraduate students' curriculum in quality and patient safety issues. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Program Evaluation/trends , Quality Improvement/trends , Delivery of Health Care/trends , Hospitals/trends
12.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 38(6): e00231021, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384258

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avalia a implementação e descreve as ações desenvolvidas no Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) pelas equipes de saúde da atenção básica que aderiram ao Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) em 2012, 2014 e 2018. A participação das equipes em atividades de saúde escolar aumentou ao longo dos três ciclos de avaliação, com ampliação das ações de avaliação clínica, de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos. No ciclo II, 24% das equipes realizaram as sete ações de avaliação clínica, 18% realizaram as seis ações de promoção e prevenção. Entretanto, 6,3% das equipes não realizaram nenhuma ação de avaliação clínica e 8,8%, nenhuma de promoção e prevenção da saúde. No ciclo III, mais de 90% das equipes participaram do PSE, o planejamento conjunto para as ações nas escolas foi relatado por 84% das equipes de saúde e mais de 60%, das equipes realizavam reuniões conjuntas com as escolas. Houve institucionalização do PSE em todas as regiões do país, sendo mais desenvolvida nos municípios com 10 a 30 mil habitantes, menor nível de Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M) e maior cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Apesar da evolução positiva, o predomínio das ações de avaliação clínica em relação às de promoção da saúde e a proporção de equipes que ainda apresentam limitações no trabalho conjunto entre saúde e educação sugerem certo distanciamento das diretrizes do PSE. Para avançar na implementação do PSE, é preciso realizar formação dos profissionais de saúde e educação; aprofundar a conexão intersetorial; ampliar a implementação de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e manter políticas que permitam realizar a avaliação do PSE, de forma a subsidiar seu desenvolvimento.


This study aims to evaluate the implementation and describe the actions developed in the School Health Program (PSE) by primary care health teams that joined the Brazilian National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Basic Care (PMAQ-AB), in 2012, 2014, and 2018. The participation of the teams in school health activities increased throughout the three evaluation cycles, with the expansion of clinical evaluation, health promotion, and disease prevention actions. In cycle II, 24% of the teams performed the seven clinical evaluation actions, 18% performed the six promotion and prevention actions. However, 6.3% of the teams did not perform any clinical evaluation action and 8.8% did not perform health actions of promotion or prevention. In cycle III, more than 90% of the teams participated in the PSE, 84% of the health teams reported a combined planning for actions in schools, and more than 60% of the teams held joint meetings with the schools. PSE was institutionalized in all regions of the country, being more developed in municipalities with 10,000 to 30,000 inhabitants, lower Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M) level, and greater coverage of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Despite the positive evolution, the predominance of clinical evaluation actions in relation to health promotion actions and the proportion of teams that still have limitations in the combined efforts between health and education suggest a certain distancing from the PSE guidelines. To advance the implementation of the PSE, it is necessary to train health and education professionals; deepen intersectoral connection; expand the implementation of information and communication technologies; and maintain policies that allow the evaluation of the PSE, in order to support its development.


Este estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar y describir la ejecución de las acciones desarrolladas en el Programa Salud en la Escuela (PSE) por los equipos de salud de atención primaria que se adhirieron al Programa Nacional de Mejoría de Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) en 2012, 2014 y 2018. La participación de los equipos en las actividades de salud escolar se incrementó en los tres ciclos de evaluación, con una ampliación de las acciones de evaluación clínica, promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades. En el ciclo II, el 24% de los equipos realizaron las siete acciones de evaluación clínica, y el 18% realizaron las seis acciones de promoción y prevención. Sin embargo, el 6,3% de los equipos no llevaron a cabo acciones de evaluación clínica y el 8,8% no realizaron acciones de promoción y prevención de la salud. En el ciclo III, más del 90% de los equipos participaron del PSE, el 84% reportaron haber realizado la planificación conjunta de acciones en las escuelas y más del 60% realizaron reuniones conjuntas con las escuelas. El PSE se institucionalizó en todas las regiones del país, además el plan fue más desarrollado en los municipios de 10.000 a 30.000 habitantes, con menor nivel de Índice de Desarollo Humano Municipal (IDH-M) y mayor cobertura de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar (ESF). A pesar de la evolución positiva, el predominio de las acciones de evaluación clínica con relación a la promoción de la salud y la proporción de equipos que todavía tienen limitaciones en el trabajo conjunto entre salud y educación sugieren cierta distancia de los lineamientos del PSE. Para avanzar en la ejecución del PSE, es necesario formar profesionales de la salud y la educación; profundizar las relaciones intersectoriales; ampliar la ejecución de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación; y mantener políticas que posibilitan la evaluación del PSE, con el fin de subsidiar su desarrollo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality Improvement , Health Promotion , Primary Health Care , Quality of Health Care , Brazil , Program Evaluation , Family Health
13.
Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med. (Online) ; 14(1): 1-8, 2022. tables,figures
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1390816

ABSTRACT

Background: In South Africa, maternal healthcare guidelines are distributed to primary health care (PHC) facility for midwives to refer and implement during maternal healthcare services. Different training was offered for the use of maternal care guidelines. However, poor adherence and poor implementation of guidelines were discovered. Aim: This study aimed to develop and prioritise strategies to improve the implementation of maternal healthcare guidelines at PHC facilities of Limpopo province, South Africa. Method: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis and its matrix together with the nominal group technique were used to develop the current strategy. Midwives, maternal, assistant and operational managers from PHC facilities of the two selected district of the Limpopo province were selected. Criterion-based purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data collection and analysis involved the four steps used in the nominal group technique. Results: Strategies related to strengths and weaknesses such as human resources, maternal health services and knowledge deficit were identified. Opportunities and threats such as availability of guidelines, community involvement and quality assurance as factors that influenced the provision of maternal healthcare services were identified. Conclusion: Researchers formulated actions that could build on identified strengths, overcome weaknesses such as human resources, explore opportunities and mitigate the threats such as quality assurance


Subject(s)
Schools, Nursery , Health Strategies , Supply , Allied Health Personnel , Quality Improvement
14.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-927435

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION@#Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective treatments for upper gastrointestinal pathologies and short-term courses are well-tolerated. However, indiscriminate use of PPIs is undesirable due to its potential harms. We implemented a series of deprescribing interventions between 2016 and 2017 to curb PPI overutilisation in our institution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these interventions.@*METHODS@#An institutional PPI deprescribing guide was disseminated by email and educational roadshows were conducted to prescribers. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the deprescribing interventions over a 7-year period from 2013 to 2019. To ascertain the safety of PPI deprescribing, we analysed the peptic ulcer disease incidence from 2015 to 2018 and conducted a retrospective chart review of 262 inpatients who were deprescribed PPIs.@*RESULTS@#Following the first intervention, there was a significant decrease in mean oral PPI utilisation by 2,324.46 defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 prescriptions (95% confidence interval [CI] -3,542.66, -1,106.26) per month, followed by a month-to-month decrease of 302.61 DDD per 1,000 prescriptions per month thereafter (95% CI -473.95, -131.27). A second targeted educational intervention was only effective in sustaining the decline in the outpatient, but not in the inpatient setting. There were no significant changes in incidence of peptic ulcer disease. In the retrospective chart review, a majority (62.6%) of patients remained deprescribed at 6 months.@*CONCLUSION@#We observed a sustained decrease in PPI utilisation in our institution for more than 12 months following our educational interventions. Cautious deprescribing of PPIs in eligible candidates was found to be safe with low recurrence rates of upper gastrointestinal events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Deprescriptions , Proton Pump Inhibitors , Quality Improvement , Retrospective Studies , Singapore/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers
15.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 47(5): 1006-1019, Sept.-Oct. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286808

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the contribution of the extirpative and reconstructive portions of radical cystectomy (RC) to complications rates, and assess differences between urinary diversion (UD) types. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing patients undergoing UD alone or RC+UD for bladder cancer from 2006 to 2017 using ACS National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The primary outcome was major complications, while secondary outcomes included minor complications and prolonged length of stay. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to assess the association between surgical procedure (UD alone or RC+UD) and outcomes, stratified by diversion type. Lastly, we examined differences in complication rates between ileal conduit (IC) vs. continent UD (CUD). Results: When comparing RC + IC and IC alone, PSM yielded 424 pairs. IC alone had a lower risk of any complication (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.52-0.75), venous thromboembolism (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.22-0.91) and bleeding needing transfusion (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.32-0.52). This trend was also noted when comparing RC + CUD to CUD alone. CUD had higher risk of complications than IC, both with (56.6% vs 52.3%, p = 0.031) and without RC (47.8% vs 35.1%, p=0.062), and a higher risk of infectious complications, both with (30.5% vs 22.7%, p<0.001) and without RC (34.0% vs 22.0%, p=0.032). Conclusions: RC+UD, as compared to UD alone, is associated with an increased risk of major complications, including bleeding needing transfusion and venous thromboembolism. Additionally, CUD had a higher risk of post-operative complication than IC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Diversion/adverse effects , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Surgeons , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , United States , Cystectomy/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Quality Improvement
16.
Edumecentro ; 13(3): 132-146, jul.-sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278993

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: las situaciones generadoras de estrés académico se refieren a los eventos ocurridos en el ámbito universitario que originan potencialmente estrés en los estudiantes: exámenes finales, cantidad de materias a estudiar, responsabilidad por labores académicas, sobrecarga de tareas, trabajos de cursos, evaluaciones frecuentes y tiempo para cumplir con las actividades, entre otras. Objetivo: evaluar el rendimiento académico de residentes de especialidades quirúrgicas durante la realización del examen estatal en tiempos de COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en residentes de especialidades quirúrgicas del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico "Arnaldo Milián Castro" que se presentaron a la convocatoria de exámenes estatales octubre-noviembre 2020 y que tuvieron participación directa en la atención a pacientes positivos a COVID-19. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: de las diez especialidades quirúrgicas, siete tuvieron residentes examinados. Independientemente de la vía de ingreso obtuvieron calificaciones de Excelente en los exámenes realizados. Aquellos cuya vía de ingreso fue la segunda especialidad fueron los de mejor rendimiento académico pues todos obtuvieron resultados excelentes. Conclusiones: el rendimiento académico de residentes de especialidades quirúrgicas en la realización del examen estatal en tiempos de COVID-19 resultó satisfactorio.


ABSTRACT Background: situations that generate academic stress refer to events that occur in the university environment that potentially cause stress in students: final exams, number of subjects to study, responsibility for academic work, task overload, course work, evaluations frequent and time to fulfill the activities, among others. Objective: to evaluate the academic performance of residents of surgical specialties during the performance of the state exam in times of COVID-19. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in residents of surgical specialties of the Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico "Arnaldo Milián Castro" who presented themselves to the call for state examinations October-November 2020 and who had direct participation in the care of patients positive to COVID 19. Theoretical and empirical methods were used. Results: of the ten surgical specialties, seven had residents examined. Regardless of the route of entry, they obtained Excellent grades in the exams carried out. Those whose entry route was the second specialty were the ones with the best academic performance as they all obtained excellent results. Conclusions: the academic performance of residents of surgical specialties in the performance of the state exam in times of COVID-19 was satisfactory.


Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Coronavirus Infections , Education, Medical , Educational Measurement , Quality Improvement
17.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 37(3)sept. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408288

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La calidad es un elemento estratégico que incide en la transformación y mejora de los sistemas sanitarios. Dado su carácter continuo es necesario visualizar y asumir enfoques efectivos para su mejora, como son la gestión por procesos y la referenciación competitiva. Objetivo: Identificar las tendencias de aplicación de la gestión por procesos y la referenciación competitiva en la mejora de la calidad de la atención. Métodos: Metarevisión de artículos de segunda generación del conocimiento, de los años 2014-2020. Se utilizaron las palabras clave "gestión por procesos", "referenciación competitiva", "benchmarking", "benchmarking AND gestión por procesos" y "referenciación competitiva AND gestión por procesos". Los criterios de inclusión para la selección de los artículos fueron: artículos originales publicados a textos completos en inglés, portugués y español, disponible en sitios especializados en áreas de gerencia, revistas electrónicas administración y gestión sanitaria y revistas científicas de calidad en salud. Conclusiones: La revisión realizada mostró escasa literatura que integre la gestión por procesos y la referenciación competitiva para la mejora de la calidad, sin embargo, se identificaron ejemplos de su aplicación de forma independiente. La aplicación de estas tecnologías por los profesionales de enfermería evidenció algunas reservas de mejora que permiten futuras aplicaciones en diversas áreas de práctica de estos profesionales(AU)


Introduction: Quality is a strategic element with an incidence in the transformation and improvement of health systems. Given its continuous nature, it is necessary to visualize and assume effective approaches for its improvement, such as process management and benchmarking. Objective: Identify the application trends of process management and benchmarking in improving quality of care. Methods: Metareview of articles from the second generation of knowledge and published from 2014 to 2020. The following keywords were used: gestión de procesos [process management], referenciación competitiva [benchmarking], benchmarking, benchmarking AND gestión de procesos [benchmarking and process management] and referenciación competitiva AND gestión de procesos [benchmarking AND process management]. The following inclusion criteria were considered for the selection of the articles: original articles published in full texts in English, Portuguese and Spanish; as well as available on sites specialized in management areas, electronic journals on health administration and management, and journals on health quality. Conclusions: The review carried out showed little literature integrating process management and benchmarking for quality improvement; however, examples of their application were identified independently. The application of these technologies by nursing professionals showed some involvement for improvement that allow future applications in several areas of performance by these professionals(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Health Care , Total Quality Management/methods , Quality Improvement , Periodicals as Topic , Review Literature as Topic , Health Administration/methods
18.
Av. psicol. latinoam ; 39(1): 1-2, ene.-abr. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1366992

ABSTRACT

Nuestro objetivo en la revista sigue siendo, naturalmente, ayudar a las personas autoras a difundir su trabajo en forma de excelentes artículos ­centrándonos en investigaciones originales y revisiones sistemáticas­ y así aportar al intercambio y la discusión de hallazgos e ideas en Colombia, Latinoamérica y el mundo.


Our goal in the journal continues to be, naturally, to help authors disseminate their work in the form of excellent articles - focusing on original research and systematic reviews - and thus contribute to the exchange and discussion of findings and ideas in Colombia, Latin America and the world.


Subject(s)
Humans , Serial Publications , Research , Quality Improvement
19.
Aquichan ; 21(1): e2112, Abr. 8, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1283768

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: explorar o significado da experiência e dos conhecimentos adquiridos por estudantes de enfermagem formados em melhoria de cuidados de saúde. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma aproximação fenomenológica baseada no método Giorgi, mediante uma discussão em grupo com 21 estudantes europeus de quatro países, em julho de 2019. Os dados foram triangulados com os depoimentos de informantes-chave e com o uso de uma ferramenta de avaliação específica para o tema. A análise também foi triangulada com três pesquisadores experientes que reduziram os dados por consenso a oito unidades de significado. Resultados: o empoderamento da enfermagem e das organizações sanitárias horizontais foram duas das unidades de significado mais recorrentes junto com os valores profissionais, como o trabalho em equipe e a humanização dos cuidados. Conclusões: os conhecimentos, as atitudes e os valores adquiridos evidenciam as carências na formação dos futuros profissionais de enfermagem na Europa. A abordagem teórico-prática das sessões, bem como a fusão de culturas supuseram fortalezas para os estudantes. É necessário seguir mais casos que evidenciem o retorno do investimento em formação em melhorias substanciais em contextos reais e seu impacto sobre a qualidade assistencial.


Objetivo: Explorar el significado de la experiencia y los conocimientos adquiridos por estudiantes de enfermería formados en mejora de cuidados de salud. Material y métodos: se realizó una aproximación fenomenológica basada en el método Giorgi mediante una discusión grupal de 21 estudiantes europeos de cuatro países en julio 2019. Los datos fueron triangulados con los testimonios de informantes clave y con el uso de una herramienta de evaluación específica para este tema. El análisis también se trianguló con tres investigadores experimentados que redujeron los datos por consenso a ocho unidades de significado. Resultados: El empoderamiento de enfermería y las organizaciones sanitarias horizontales fueron dos de las unidades de significado más recurrentes junto a los valores profesionales como el trabajo en equipo y la humanización en los cuidados. Conclusiones: los conocimientos, las actitudes y los valores adquiridos evidencian las carencias de la formación de los futuros profesionales de enfermería en Europa. El enfoque teórico-práctico de las sesiones, así como la mezcla de culturas supusieron fortalezas para el alumnado. Es necesario el seguimiento de más casos que evidencien el retorno de la inversión formativa en mejoras sustanciales en contextos reales y su impacto sobre la calidad asistencial.


Objective: To explore the meaning of the experience and knowledge acquired by nursing students trained in healthcare improvement. Material and methods: A phenomenological approach based on the Giorgi method was made through a group discussion of 21 European students from four countries in July 2019. The data was triangulated with the testimonies of key informants and with the use of an evaluation tool specific to this topic. The analysis was also triangulated with three experienced researchers who reduced the data by consensus to eight units of meaning. Results: Nursing empowerment and horizontal health organizations were two of the most recurrent units of meaning along with professional values such as teamwork and humanization of care. Conclusions: The knowledge, attitudes and values acquired are evidence of the shortcomings in the training of future nursing professionals in Europe. The theoretical and practical approach of the sessions, as well as the mixture of cultures, were strengths for the students. It is necessary to follow up on more cases that show the return on the training investment in substantial improvements in real contexts and its impact on the quality of care.


Subject(s)
Quality of Health Care , Students, Nursing , Qualitative Research , Education, Nursing , Quality Improvement
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL