Planejamento e Políticas de Saúde na Amazônia / Health Planning and Policies in the Amazon

Na Amazônia, a política de saúde se encontra com um território de vida específico, caracterizado por um tecido social diverso, dinâmico e imigrante, transitando pelas águas e florestas. Nesse cenário, a vida é pujante, que vibra e faz acontecer um sistema de saúde amazônico, plural étnica e socialmente, biodiverso e culturalmente específico. Assim, é imperativo construirmos referencial teórico da saúde coletiva regional, bem como refletirmos e contextualizarmos o SUS com "DNA amazônico". Compreendemos ser esta uma referência para colaborar com o campo das ciências gerenciais que compõe o campo da saúde coletiva no Brasil, sem dissociar do desafio de realizar a gestão e as práticas das políticas de saúde por pesquisadores gestores da Amazônia. O 'fator amazônico' aqui apresentado roteiriza os desafios de se fazer saúde nessas diversas amazônias. Cenários de experiências promissoras no campo das políticas e planejamento aqui expressos podem contribuir com a comunicação entre gestore(a)s, pesquisadore(a)s e membros do controle social a vislumbrarem métodos e oportunidades de mudanças sistêmicas nas práticas assistenciais e nos modos de gerir a saúde na Amazônia.

Salud mental: cuando la necesidad queda por fuera de la agenda sanitaria / Mental health: when the need is out of the health agenda

Introducción: Pos-pandemia COVID-19 los centros de salud vieron incrementados el número de consultas en salud mental (SM). Objetivos: -Evidenciar el aumento de la demanda en SM pos-pandemia. Pre y pos-pandemia: -Comparar las características de demanda en SM -Relevar las demandas del área judicial (DAJ) -Evaluar la dispensa de psicofármacos (PF) Material y Métodos: Trabajo descriptivo, retrospectivo, poblacional. Pacientes atendidos en SM del Área Programática del Hospital Penna. Se obtuvieron consultas de psicología (PSI) psiquiatría y psicopedagogía, motivo de consulta, edad, sexo, dispensa de psicofármacos (PF) desde el 1/01 al 31/12/2019 y mismo período 2022. Los datos se analizaron en frecuencia, porcentaje. Resultados: Las consultas pos-pandemia aumentaron un 8%, los pacientes atendidos aumentaron 37.91%. Las consultas PSI pediatría/adolescencia descendieron 6.5% en 2022 predominando niños en 2019 y niñas en 2022. En adultos aumentó 20.10%, predominando mujeres ambos períodos. Si bien consumo, violencia y angustia fueron nombrados en ambos periodos, pobreza apareció en 2022. Las DAJ aumentaron más del 1000%. La dispensa PF aumentó más del 100%. Conclusiones: En pos-pandemia aumentaron las consultas de PSI y los DAJ. El aumento en dispensa PF evidencia el deterioro y la complejidad de la SM pos-pandemia. Estos datos, plantea la necesidad de incorporar nuevos profesionales

Introduction: Post- COVID-19 pandemic, health care centers increased the number of mental health (MH) consultations. Objectives: - Evidence the increase in demand for SM post-pandemic. Pre and post-pandemic: -Compare the characteristics of demand in SM -Review the demands of the judicial area (DAJ) -Evaluate the dispensation of psychotropic drugs (PF) Material and Methods: Descriptive, retrospective, population-based study. Patients treated in SM at the Programmatic Area of the Penna Hospital. Consultations from psychology (PSI), psychiatry and psychopedagogy, reason for consultation, age, sex, dispensation of psychotropic drugs (PF) were obtained from 01/01 to 12/31/2019 and the same period 2022. The data was analized in frequency and percentage. Results: Post-pandemic consultations increased by 8%, patients treated increased by 37.91%. Pediatric/adolescent PSI consultations decreased 6.5% in 2022, with boys predominating in 2019 and girls in 2022. In adults it increased 20.10%, with women predominating in both periods. Although consumption, violence and distress were mentioned in both periods, poverty appeared in 2022. The DAJ increased more than 1000%. The PF dispensation increased more than 100%. Conclusions: In the post-pandemic, PSI and DAJ consultations increased. The increase in FP dispensation shows the deterioration and complexity of post-pandemic SM. These data raise the need to incorporate new professionals

Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en pacientes sometidas a fertilización in vitro en el Hospital Gustavo Fricke / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients undergoing in vitro fertilization at the Gustavo Fricke Hospital

Introducción: La infertilidad es una enfermedad presente en el 17.5% de la población adulta. La COVID-19 provocó sobrecargas en atención de salud, generando un impacto incierto en unidades de salud reproductiva que realizan terapias de reproducción asistida. Objetivos: Comparar características clínicas y tiempos de atención de pacientes sometidas a fertilización in vitro de la Unidad de Medicina Reproductiva del Hospital Gustavo Fricke entre los periodos 2017-2019 y 2020-2022. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo, utilizando base de datos anonimizada de la Unidad de Medicina Reproductiva del Hospital Gustavo Fricke con 82 pacientes sometidas a fertilización in vitro. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 34.2 ± 4.2 años. El tiempo de infertilidad fue de 5.1 ± 4.3 años. Los factores de infertilidad más frecuentes son el tuboperitoneal (59,8%) y masculino (46,3%). Durante los primeros 20 meses en prepandemia hubo mayor tendencia a derivación precoz al Centro de Reproducción Humana de la Universidad de Valparaíso (odds ratio: 3.84). Conclusiones: En pandemia se evidenció un aumento en el tiempo de infertilidad, mediana de gestaciones, abortos previos y frecuencia de factor masculino. No hubo cambios significativos en tiempos de derivación a fertilización in vitro, no obstante, durante la pandemia disminuyeron las derivaciones precoces.

Introduction: Infertility is a disease present in the 17.5% of the adult population. COVID-19 caused overload in health centers, producing an unclear impact in the reproductive health units that perform assisted reproduction therapies. Objectives: To compare clinical characteristics and the attention times of patients subjected to in vitro fertilization in the Reproductive Medicine Unit of the Gustavo Fricke Hospital between the 2017-2019 and 2020-2022 periods. Method: Descriptive observational study in which an anonymized database of 82 patients subjected to in vitro fertilization in the Reproductive Medicine Unit of the Gustavo Fricke Hospital was used. Results: The average age was 34.2 ± 4.2 years old. The infertility time was 5.1 ± 4.3 years. The most frequent infertility factors were tuboperitoneal (59.8%) and male factors (46.3%). During the first pre-pandemic 20 months, there was a higher tendency towards early referral to the Center for Human Reproduction of the Valparaiso University (odds ratio: 3.84). Conclusions: In the course of the pandemic, there was an increase of the infertility time, the pregnancies median, prior abortions, and male factor frequency. On the other hand, there were not considerable changes when it comes to referral times to in vitro fertilization, however, early referrals decreased during the pandemic.

Manifestations oto-rhino-laryngologiques de la COVID-19 chez l' enfant à Brazzaville / Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19 in Children in Brazzaville

Introduction.Les infections respiratoires hautes représentent environ 80% des affections ORL de l'enfant. L'objectif de ce travail était de contribuer à la connaissance des manifestations ORL de la covid-19 chez l'enfant afin d'en améliorer la prise en charge. Patients et méthodes. Il s'est agi d'uneétudedescriptive de 12 mois incluant les dossiers des enfants âgés de moins de 18 ans symptomatiques et testés positifs à la COVID-19 par RT-PCR. Il s'agissait des enfants reçus en consultation dans les services d'otorhinolaryngologie de l'hôpital de Référencede Talangaï et du CHU de Brazzaville. Tous les prélèvements étaient acheminés au laboratoire national de santé publique où le diagnostic était fait par RT-PCR. Résultats.Sur un total de 1080 enfants consultés pour une symptomatologie respiratoire ORL, seuls 21 étaient testés positifs à la COVID-19 représentant une prévalence de 1,9%. L'âge moyen était de 12,6 ans ± 5,7 (extrêmes: 3 ­17 ans) avec un ratio de 0,9 légèrement en faveur des filles. La tranche d'âge de 13 à 18 ans était la plus représentative (n=13, soit 61,8%) suivie de 9 à 13 ans (n=4, soit 19,1%) correspondant aux enfants ayant un antécédent personnel d'atopie (80,9%). La symptomatologie était dominée par l'angine érythémateuse (n=17, soit 80,9%) suivie de la rhinopharyngite (n=3, soit 14,4%) et du syndrome de Marschall (n=1, soit 4,7%). Tous les enfants étaient orientés auprès des services habiletés à la prise en charge mais seuls 13 d'entre eux (61,9%) étaient contre-référés et déclarés guéris après un contrôle RT-PCR négatif. Conclusion.Si l'angine érythémateuse domine la symptomatologie COVID-19 chez l'enfant, il en ressort que le syndrome de Marschall reste une exception clinique.

Introduction. Upper respiratory infections represent about 80% of ENT diseases in children. The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the ENT manifestations of covid-19 in children in order to improve their management.Patients and methods. This was a 12-month descriptive study including the files of symptomatic children aged 0 to 18 who tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. These were children seen in consultation in Introduction. Upper respiratory infections represent about 80% of ENT diseases in children. The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the ENT manifestations of covid-19 in children in order to improve their management. Patients and methods. This was a 12-month descriptive study including the files of symptomatic children aged 0 to 18 who tested positive for COVID-19 by RT-PCR. These were children seen in consultation in the otorhinolaryngology departments of the Talangaï Reference Hospital and the Brazzaville University Hospital. All the samples were sent to the national public health laboratory where the diagnosis was made by RT-PCR. Results. Out of a total of 1080 children consulted for ENT respiratory symptoms, only 21 tested positive for COVID-19, representing a prevalence of 1.9%. The average age was 12.6 years ± 5.7 (extremes: 3 ­17 years) with a ratio of 0.9 slightly in favor of girls. The age group of 13 to 18 years was the most representative (n=13, or 61.9%) followed by 9 to 13 (n=4, or 19%) corresponding to children with a personal history of atopy (80.9%). Symptoms were dominated by erythematous angina (n=17, or 80.9%) followed by nasopharyngitis (n=3, or 14.4%) and Marschall's syndrome (n=1, or 4.7%). All the children were referred to the care services but only 13 of them (61.9%) were cross-referred and declared cured after a negative RT-PCR control. Conclusion. If angina dominates the COVID-19 symptomatology, it emerges as Marschall's syndrome remains a clinical exception the otorhinolaryngology departments of the Talangaï Reference Hospital and the Brazzaville University Hospital. All the samples were sent to the national public health laboratory where the diagnosis was made by RT-PCR. Results. Out of a total of 1080 children consulted for ENT respiratory symptoms, only 21 tested positives for COVID-19, representing a prevalence of 1.9%. The average age was 12.6 years ± 5.7 (extremes: 3 ­17 years) with a ratio of 0.9 slightly in favor of girls. The age group of 13 to 18 years was the most representative (n=13, or 61.9%) followed by 9 to 13 (n=4, or 19%) corresponding to children with a personal history of atopy (80.9%). Symptoms were dominated by erythematous angina (n=17, or 80.9%) followed by nasopharyngitis (n=3, or 14.4%) and Marschall's syndrome (n=1, or 4.7%). All the children were referred to the care services but only 13 of them (61.9%) were cross-referred and declared cured after a negative RT-PCR control. Conclusion. If angina dominates the COVID-19 symptomatology, it emerges as Marschall's syndrome remains a clinical exception.

Organisation et le fonctionnement de la surveillance épidémiologique de la rougeole dans le district sanitaire de Yopougon-est, Côte d'Ivoire de janvier 2022 à juin 2022 / NA

La rougeole est une maladie infantile banale, peut être mortelles quand elle est sous-estimée. Nous avons initié cette étude dont l'objectif général est d'analyser le système de surveillance épidémiologique de la rougeole dans le district sanitaire de Yopougon-Est.MéthodesNous avons procédé à une évaluation normative de la surveillance épidémiologique de la rougeole réalisée en 6 (Six) mois dans ledit district sanitaire. Les critères de sélection nous ont permis de sélectionner 30 personnels de santé impliqués dans la surveillance de la rougeole. RésultatsLes médecins étaient les plus représentés (40%), suivi des infirmiers (33,3%). Les agents avaient plus de 3 ans de service (73,3%). Plus de la moitié des agents étaient formés (56%) la moyenne d'année de service était de 5,33 ans.Dans notre étude, 93,3 % des agents connaissaient la définition d'un cas de rougeole. Les seuils d'alerte et épidémique étaient connus par 56,6% des agents enquêtés. La disponibilité des registres de consultation, fiche de notification hebdomadaire de cas au niveau des structures de santé étaient de 86,7 %. Pour la transmission des données, 70% des enquêtés avaient déclarés que les rapports se transmettaient au district hebdomadairement.Les prélèvements de sang avaient été réalisés chez tous les cas suspects (100%). Les cas confirmés de rougeole représentaient 26,8 % des échantillons.ConclusionLa rougeole est une maladie de l'enfance qui est évitable par la vaccination. Cependant à défaut de vaccination, il est impérieux de mettre en place une organisation pour la détection des cas de rougeole afin d'éviter des épidémies

Apport de L'IRM 1.5t dans la pathologie des articulations temporomandibulaires / Contribution of 1.5t MRI in temporomandibular joint disorders

Introduction : l'IRM des articulation temporo-madibulaires (ATM) permettrait une précision diagnostique, notamment des lésions discales. Objectif : montrer l'apport de l'IRM 1.5T dans l'exploration de l'ATM. Matériel et méthode : étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique, réalisée au service de radiologie d'une polyclinique privée, du 1er janvier 2019 au 31 août 2021. Elle a inclus tous les patients ayant eu une IRM des ATM, quels que soient l'âge et le sexe. Le protocole a été réalisé selon les standards internationaux. Les facteurs associés aux résultats de l'IRM ont été étudiés avec les tests de Khi deux d'indépendance. Résultats : 38 ATM de 19 patients ont été examinées. On notait une prédominance féminine (sex ratio : 0,9). L'âge moyen était de 47,89 ± 16,94 ans. Le protocole Short TI Inversion Recovery (STIR) coronale, Proton Density Fat Saturation (PDFS) sagittal et T1 sagittal en bouche fermée et en bouche ouverte, sans injection a été appliqué chez 18 patients (94,70%). Les principaux motifs de consultation étaient la douleur (47,40%) et le dysfonctionnement temporo-mandibulaire (DTM) (42,10%). L'IRM était pathologique chez 12 patients (63,16%) et concernait 14 ATM avec une atteinte à gauche (42,85%), à droite (28,6%) et bilatérale (14,28%). Le disque était concerné dans 93% des cas avec luxation discale antérieure irréductible (21,43%) et la dégénérescence discale (28,57%). L'arthrose de l'ATM représentait 50%. Il n'existait aucune association entre les anomalies retrouvées à l'IRM et le sexe des patients (p = 0,21) ni entre la douleur et le sexe des patients (p= 0,46). Conclusion : L'IRM 1.5T des ATM avec une antenne dédiée a permis le diagnostic précis des anomalies notamment les lésions discales, permettant ainsi une prise en charge adéquate.

Introduction: MRI of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) would provide diagnostic accuracy, particularly for disc lesions. Objective: to show the contribution of 1.5T MRI in the exploration of the TMJ. Material and method: retrospective descriptive and analytical study, carried out in the radiology department of a private polyclinic, from January 1, 2019, to August 31, 2021. It included all patients who had MRI of the TMJs, regardless of age and sex. The protocol followed international standards. Factors associated with MRI findings were studied with Chisquare tests of independence. Results: 38 TMJs from 19 patients were examined. Females predominated (sex ratio: 0.9). Mean age was 47.89 ± 16.94 years. Short TI Inversion Recovery (STIR) coronal, Proton Density Fat Saturation (PDFS) sagittal and T1 sagittal closedmouth and open-mouth, injection-free protocol was applied in 18 patients (94.70%). The main reasons for consultation were pain (47.40%) and temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) (42.10%). MRI was pathological in 12 patients (63.16%) and involved 14 TMJs, with involvement on the left (42.85%), right (28.6%) and bilateral (14.28%). The disc was involved in 93% of cases, with irreducible anterior disc dislocation (21.43%) and disc degeneration (28.57%). Osteoarthritis of the TMJ accounted for 50%. There was no association between MRI abnormalitiesand patient gender (p=0.21), nor between pain and patient gender (p=0.46). Conclusion: 1.5T MRI of the TMJ with a dedicated antenna enabled precise diagnosis of abnormalities, in particular disclesions, thus enabling appropriate management.

Composição da microbiota intestinal durante a gestação e puerpério em mulheres com diferentes intensidades de sintomas depressivos / Composition of Gut Microbiota During Pregnancy and Postpartum in Women with Varying Degrees of Depressive Symptoms

Os sintomas depressivos durante a gravidez e o período pós-parto (PP) são prevalentes e podem ter implicações profundas para o bem-estar materno e infantil. Evidências emergentes sugerem que a microbiota intestinal pode desempenhar um papel na regulação do humor. Este estudo explora a relação entre a composição da microbiota intestinal e os sintomas depressivos em mulheres grávidas e no pós-parto com diferentes intensidade de sintomas. Foram recrutadas gestantes que faziam acompanhamento nos hospitais HCFMUSP e HU- USP. A partir do preenchimento do questionário de Escala de Edimburgo as participantes foram triadas para os grupos de sintomas ausentes ou leves (AL) e sintomas graves ou moderados (MG). Para a análise de microbiota, as participantes forneceram amostras de fezes em três momentos diferentes. Uma no terceiro trimestre de gestação (G) e duas no período pós-parto. A primeira amostra deste período foi coletada durante a internação do pós-parto (P1), e a segunda durante a consulta de retorno um mês após o parto (P2). A composição da microbiota intestinal foi analisada usando técnicas de sequenciamento de alto rendimento e os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) foram quantificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Análises bioinformáticas e estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando os softwares QIIME 2 (2022.2) e R (4.3.1) para identificar possíveis associações entre a composição da microbiota intestinal e a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos. Os resultados indicam que a familia Enterobacteriacea aparece com maior abundância nas mulheres do grupo MG, especialmente durante o período P1 (p<0,05) e que há uma diminuição significativa (p<0,05) de sintomas depressivos nas participantes do grupo MG desde sua triagem até o fim do acompanhamento do estudo, indicando que conduta terapêutica está sendo eficaz. Apesar de não ter sido estabelecida diferença estatística na abundância relativa da microbiota entre os grupos durante a gestação e nos índices de alfa e beta diversidade entre grupos e entre os períodos, é possivel observar uma tendência de mudança de microbiota ao longo do tratamento com aumento do gênero Bifidobacterium, diminuição da familia Enterobacteraceae e é possivel observar uma aparente correlação inversa entre a diminuição da intensidade de sintomas depressivos e o aumento da abundância dos gêneros Bifidobacterium e Clostridium, além do aumento das concentrações de AGCC. Em conclusão, a composição da microbiota intestinal parece ser influenciada pela gravidade dos sintomas depressivos em mulheres grávidas e no pós-parto. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para explorar a relação entre a microbiota intestinal e a depressão perinatal e determinar as implicações clínicas dessas descobertas para a saúde materna e infantil.

Depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum period (PP) are prevalent and can have profound implications for maternal and infant well-being. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in mood regulation. This study explores the relationship between gut microbiota composition and depressive symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women with different symptom severities. A cohort of pregnant women were recruited from HCFMUSP and HU-USP. Participants completed standardized depression assessment tools and were allocate in groups of absent or mild depressive symptoms (AL) and moderate or severe depressive symptoms (MG) and provided stool samples in three different time periods. One at the third gestation trimester (G) and two at the postpartum period. The first sample from this period was collected during postpartum hospitalization(P1), and the second during the onemonth postpartum follow-up appointment (P2). Their gut microbiota composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing techniques and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GS-MS) for quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Bioinformatic and statistical analyses were performed using softwares QIIME 2 (2022.2) and R (4.3.1) to identify potential associations between gut microbiota composition and depressive symptom severity. Findings that the Enterobacteriaceae family appears more abundantly in women of the MG group, especially during period P1 (p<0.05), and that there is a significant decrease (p<0.05) in depressive symptoms among the participants of the MG group from their screening to the end of the study follow-up, suggesting that the therapeutic approach is effective. Although no statistical differences in alpha and beta diversity indices were established between groups and across periods, it is possible to observe a trend of microbiota change during the treatment, with an increase in the Bifidobacterium genus, a decrease in the Enterobacteriaceae family, and an apparent inverse correlation between the reduction in the intensity of depressive symptoms and the increased abundance of the Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, and Dorea genera, as well as an increase in the concentrations of SCFAs. In conclusion, composition of gut microbiota appears to be influenced by the severity of depressive symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women. Further research is warranted to explore links between gut microbiota and perinatal depression and to determine the clinical implications of these findings for maternal and infant health

Consulta de enfermagem às mulheres que convivem com HIV na perspectiva fenomenológica / Consulta de enfermería a mujeres conviviendo con elVIH desde una perspectiva fenomenológica / Nursing Consultation For Women Living With Hiv From A Phenomenological Perspective

Objetivo: desvelar os significados do ser mulher soropositiva e a vivência da consulta de enfermagem no rastreamento do Câncer de Colo de Útero e de Mama. Método: estudo qualitativo, fenomenológico, embasado na analítica heideggeriana com 11 mulheres entrevistadas em um Serviço de Assistência Especializada de Minas Gerais entre novembro/2018 a setembro/2019. Resultados: no mundo público, o ser aí mulher-que-convive-com-HIV assumiu a identidade impessoal, buscando não se distinguir das outras mulheres. Reconheceram o atendimento prestado como sistematizado, individualizado e, mesmo de maneira fugaz, recuperaram a responsabilidade sobre os cuidados com a saúde e seu tratamento. Conclusões:os sentidos desvelados possibilitaram indicar que as mulheres no seu cotidiano vivenciam a faticidade da sorologia, o medo e a angústia de sofrerem preconceito, convivem com o peso do diagnóstico e do cuidado de si, encontram na consulta de enfermagem embasada na Teoria Humanística a valorização eu-com-o-outro no mundo do cuidado, em uma prática dialógica que a coloca como ativa e desperta seu interesse em dar seguimento ao rastreamento.(AU)

Objetivo:revelar los significados de ser una mujer seropositiva y la experiencia de la consulta de enfermería en el seguimiento del cáncer de cuello uterino y de mama. Método:estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico, basado en el análisis heideggeriano con 11 mujeres entrevistadas en un Servicio de Asistencia Especializada de Minas Gerais entre noviembre de 2018 y septiembre de 2019. Resultados:en el mundo público, el ser ahí mujer-que-convive-con-el-VIH asumió una identidad impersonal, buscando no distinguirse de otras mujeres. Reconocieron la atención recibida como sistematizada e individualizada y, aunque de manera fugaz, recuperaron la responsabilidad sobre el cuidado de su saludy su tratamiento. Conclusiones:los sentidos revelados permitieron indicar que las mujeres en su cotidianidad experimentan la factualidad de la serología, el miedo y la angustia de sufrir prejuicios, conviven con el peso del diagnóstico y el cuidado de símismas, y encuentran en la consulta de enfermería basada en la Teoría Humanística la valorización del yo-con-el-otro en el mundo del cuidado, en una práctica dialógica que las coloca como activas y despierta su interés en continuar con el seguimiento.(AU)

Objective: to unveil the meanings of being an HIV seropositive woman and the experience of nursing consultation in cervical and breast cancer screening. Method: a qualitative, phenomenological study based on Heideggerian analysis with 11 women interviewed in a Specialized Assistance Service in Minas Gerais between November/2018 and September/2019. Results: in the public world, the women living with HIV assumed an impersonal identity, seeking not to distinguish themselves from other women. They recognized the care provided as systematized, customized, and, even briefly, recovered concern for health care and treatment. Conclusions: the meanings unveiled allowed to point that women in their daily lives experience the realism of serology, the fear and anguish of suffering prejudice, they live with the weight of the diagnosis and self-care, they find in the nursing consultation based on the Humanistic Theory the valuing self-with-others in the world of care, in a dialogical practice that places her as active and awakens her interest in continuing with the screening.(AU)

Características de los niños y adolescentes con enfermedades pulmonares crónicas derivados para evaluación por equipo de trasplante pulmonar de Uruguay en el período 2003 - 2023 / Characteristics of children and adolescents with chronic lung diseases referred for assessment by the Uruguayan lung transplant team in 2003 - 2023 / Características de crianças e adolescentes com doenças pulmonares crônicas referidas para avaliação pela equipe uruguaia de transplante pulmonar no período 2003 - 2023

Introducción: el trasplante pulmonar se ha consolidado en los últimos años como una opción terapéutica para niños y adolescentes con enfermedad pulmonar grave en la que han fracasado otros tratamientos. Este procedimiento otorga una buena calidad de vida y una supervivencia prolongada, similar a la del trasplante realizado en pacientes adultos. La indicación general para el trasplante pulmonar es la insuficiencia respiratoria progresiva, y potencialmente letal, debida a una enfermedad pulmonar parenquimatosa o vascular. La selección de candidatos a trasplante es compleja, requiriendo condiciones médicas y socioambientales específicas. Objetivos: analizar las características clínicas de los pacientes pediátricos con enfermedades pulmonares crónicas derivados para evaluación por el equipo de trasplante pulmonar de Uruguay. Analizar las características clínicas y sobrevida de los pacientes trasplantados pulmonares pediátricos uruguayos. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes menores de 19 años derivados al equipo de trasplante pulmonar entre 2003 y 2023. Datos obtenidos de la base del programa y mediante revisión de historias clínicas. Resultados: se incluyeron 30 pacientes (15 de sexo masculino). La media de edad de los pacientes derivados fue de 13,4 ± 3,6 años. Las etiologías de los pacientes derivados fueron 17/30 (56,6%) fibrosis quística, 4/30 (13,3%) bronquiolitis obliterante postrasplante de médula ósea, 4/30 (13,3%) hipertensión pulmonar, 3/30 (10%) bronquiolitis obliterante posinfecciosa y 2/30 (6,6%) enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa. Ingresaron en lista de trasplante 14 pacientes, de los cuales 9 se trasplantaron, 1 se mantiene en lista de espera y 4 fallecieron a la espera del trasplante. Del resto de los pacientes derivados para evaluación: 7 pacientes se encuentran aún en evaluación. Fueron excluidos por razones psicosociales o causas médicas 2 pacientes. Dos pacientes tuvieron pérdida de seguimiento y otros 5 fallecieron durante la evaluación. Las etiologías de los pacientes trasplantados pediátricos fueron fibrosis quística (3/9), bronquiolitis obliterante postrasplante de médula ósea (3/9) e hipertensión pulmonar (3/9). De los pacientes trasplantados, 5 fallecieron (2 en el posoperatorio y 3 fallecieron por sepsis entre 1-2 años postrasplante). Los restantes pacientes están en seguimiento postrasplante hace un mes, 2, 7 y 9 años. No se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la sobrevida condicional cuando se compararon pacientes adultos y pediátricos. Conclusiones: los resultados en los pacientes trasplantados en cuanto a características y causas de mortalidad son comparables con los reportados internacionalmente. La mortalidad postrasplante fue algo mayor que en otros estudios, pero creemos que existe sesgo por el bajo número de pacientes. Dados los resultados mencionados, planteamos que el trasplante sigue siendo una alternativa terapéutica válida en nuestro medio. Los desafíos de este tratamiento incluyen la disponibilidad limitada de órganos de donantes adecuados, la toxicidad de los medicamentos inmunosupresores necesarios para prevenir el rechazo, la prevención y el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis obliterante, así como maximizar el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la calidad de vida de los receptores.

Summary: Introduction: lung transplantation has been recently consolidated as a therapeutic option for children and adolescents with severe lung disease when other treatments have failed. This procedure provides a good quality of life and additional survival, similar to that of transplantation in adult patients. The general indication for lung transplantation is progressive, potentially fatal respiratory failure due to parenchymal or vascular lung disease. The selection of transplant candidates is complex, requiring specific medical and socio-environmental conditions. Objectives: to analyze the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with chronic lung diseases referred for evaluation by the Uruguayan lung transplant team. To analyze the clinical characteristics and survival of Uruguayan pediatric lung transplant patients. Material and methods: descriptive and retrospective study of all patients under 19 years of age referred to the lung transplant team between 2003 and 2023. The data was obtained from the program's database and through medical records' review. Results: 30 patients were included (15 male). The mean age of the referred patients was 13.4 ± 3.6 years. Etiologies were 17/30 (56.6%) cystic fibrosis, 4/30 (13.3%) bronchiolitis obliterans post-bone marrow transplant, 4/30 (13.3%) pulmonary hypertension, 3 /30 (10%) post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, and 2/30 (6.6%) diffuse interstitial lung disease. 14 patients were placed on the transplant list, of which 9 were transplanted, 1 remains on the waiting list and 4 died while waiting for the transplant. Of the rest of the patients referred for evaluation: 7 patients are still under evaluation. 2 patients were excluded for psychosocial reasons or medical reasons. 2 patients could not be followed-up and other 5 died during the evaluation. The etiologies of the pediatric transplant patients were cystic fibrosis (3/9), post-bone marrow transplant bronchiolitis obliterans (3/9), and pulmonary hypertension (3/9). Of the transplanted patients, 5 died (two in the post-operative period, and three died from sepsis between 1-2 years post-transplant). The remaining patients are in post-transplant follow-up for 1 month, 2, 7 and 9 years. No statistically significant differences in conditional survival were found when comparing adult and pediatric patients. Conclusions: results in transplanted patients in terms of characteristics and causes of mortality are comparable with those reported internationally. Post-transplant mortality was somewhat higher than in other studies, but we believe that there is bias due to the low number of patients. Given the results above, we propose that transplantation continues to be a valid therapeutic alternative in our country. The challenges of this treatment include the limited availability of suitable donor organs, the toxicity of immunosuppressive medications necessary to prevent rejection, prevention and treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans, as well as maximizing the growth, development and quality of life of the receivers.

Introdução: o transplante pulmonar consolidou-se nos últimos anos como opção terapêutica para crianças e adolescentes com doença pulmonar grave, nas quais outros tratamentos falharam. Esse procedimento proporciona boa qualidade de vida e sobrevida prolongada, semelhante ao transplante realizado em pacientes adultos. A indicação geral para transplante pulmonar é insuficiência respiratória progressiva e potencialmente fatal devido a doença pulmonar parenquimatosa ou vascular. A seleção de candidatos a transplantes é complexa, exigindo condições médicas e socioambientais específicas. Objetivos: analisar as características clínicas de pacientes pediátricos com doenças pulmonares crônicas encaminhados para avaliação pela equipe uruguaia de transplante pulmonar. Analisar as características clínicas e a sobrevida de pacientes pediátricos uruguaios transplantados pulmonares. Material e métodos: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de todos os pacientes menores de 19 anos encaminhados à equipe de transplante pulmonar entre 2003 e 2023. Os dados foram obtidos no banco de dados do programa e por meio de revisão de prontuários. Foram incluídos 30 pacientes (15 do sexo masculino). A média de idade dos pacientes encaminhados foi de 13,4 ± 3,6 anos. As etiologias dos pacientes encaminhados foram 17/30 (56,6%) fibrose cística, 4/30 (13,3%) bronquiolite obliterante pós-transplante de medula óssea, 4/30 (13,3%) hipertensão pulmonar, 3/30 (10%) pós -bronquiolite obliterante infecciosa e 2/30 (6,6%) doença pulmonar intersticial difusa. Foram colocados na lista de transplante 14 pacientes, dos quais 9 foram transplantados, 1 permanece em lista de espera e 4 faleceram enquanto aguardavam o transplante. Do restante dos pacientes encaminhados para avaliação: 7 pacientes ainda estão em avaliação, 2 pacientes foram excluídos por motivos psicossociais ou médicos. 2 pacientes foram perdidos no acompanhamento e outros 5 faleceram durante a avaliação. As etiologias dos pacientes transplantados pediátricos foram fibrose cística (3/9), bronquiolite obliterante pós-transplante de medula óssea (3/9) e hipertensão pulmonar (3/9). Dos pacientes transplantados, 5 faleceram (dois no pós-operatório e três por sepse entre 1-2 anos pós-transplante). Os demais pacientes estão em acompanhamento pós-transplante por 1 mês, 2, 7 e 9 anos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na sobrevida condicional quando comparamos pacientes adultos e pediátricos. Conclusões: os resultados em pacientes transplantados em termos de características e causas de mortalidade são comparáveis aos relatados internacionalmente. A mortalidade pós-transplante foi um pouco maior do que em outros estudos, mas acreditamos que exista viés devido ao baixo número de pacientes. Diante dos resultados acima mencionados, propomos que o transplante continue sendo uma alternativa terapêutica válida em nosso meio. Os desafios deste tratamento incluem a disponibilidade limitada de órgãos de doadores adequados, a toxicidade dos medicamentos imunossupressores necessários para prevenir a rejeição, prevenção e tratamento da bronquiolite obliterante, bem como maximizar o crescimento, desenvolvimento e qualidade de vida dos receptores.

Factors associated with the absence of postpartum consultations in a high-risk population

Abstract Objective: To assess the rate of missed postpartum appointments at a referral center for high-risk pregnancy and compare puerperal women who did and did not attend these appointments to identify related factors. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with all women scheduled for postpartum consultations at a high-risk obstetrics service in 2018. The variables selected to compare women were personal, obstetric, and perinatal. The variables of interest were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, or Mann-Whitney tests. For the variable of the interbirth interval, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to best discriminate whether or not patients attended the postpartum consultation. The significance level for the statistical tests was 5%. Results: A total of 1,629 women scheduled for postpartum consultations in 2018 were included. The rate of missing the postpartum consultation was 34.8%. A shorter interbirth interval (p = 0.039), previous use of psychoactive substances (p = 0.027), current or former smoking (p = 0.003), and multiparity (p < 0.001) were associated with non-attendance. Conclusion: This study showed a high rate of postpartum appointment non-attendance. This is particularly relevant because it was demonstrated in a high-risk obstetric service linked to clinical severity or social vulnerability cases. This highlights the need for new approaches to puerperal women before hospital discharge and new tools to increase adherence to postpartum consultations, especially for multiparous women.

Experiência de psicólogas(os) brasileiras(os) com atendimento psicológico online durante a primeira onda da pandemia de covid-19 / Brazilian psychologists' experience with online psychotherapy during the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic / Experiencia de los psicólogos brasileños con la atención psicológica en línea durante la primera ola de la pandemia de la covid-19

Com a emergência da pandemia de Covid-19, as(os) psicólogas(os) passaram a oferecer atendimento online para pacientes que até então eram atendidos de forma presencial. Na maior parte dos casos, essa mudança se deu de forma improvisada e sem capacitação prévia. Nesse contexto, este estudo, de caráter descritivo-exploratório, quanti-qualitativo e com delineamento transversal, buscou compreender a experiência das(os) psicólogas(os) na transição das intervenções da modalidade presencial para o atendimento remoto durante a pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil, identificando dificuldades e lacunas percebidas nas orientações disponibilizadas pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia. Participaram da pesquisa 385 psicólogas(os). Utilizou-se um questionário online para a coleta dos dados, distribuído por meio de uma plataforma digital entre maio e novembro de 2020. O estudo também foi divulgado em grupos da categoria profissional da psicologia em diversas redes sociais. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de análise estatística descritiva, e as respostas para as questões abertas por meio de análise temática reflexiva. Os achados foram organizados em três categorias temáticas: (a) lacunas percebidas nas orientações quanto à escolha da plataforma digital; (b) lacunas quanto ao preenchimento do cadastro no site E-Psi ; e (c) falta de treinamento adequado para realizar a transição para o formato online. Entre os principais resultados, destacaram-se a insegurança gerada pela falta de preparo prévio das(os) profissionais e a resistência de alguns clientes a aceitar a transposição dos atendimentos do modelo presencial para o online. Espera-se que o mapeamento das principais dificuldades enfrentadas pela categoria contribua para qualificar o debate sobre a efetividade das orientações disponibilizadas para as(os) psicólogas(os).(AU)

With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists began to offer online consultations to their patients, who were previously seen in person. In most cases, this change happened in an improvised way and with no prior training required. In this context, this study, of a descriptive-exploratory, quanti-qualitative character with cross-sectional design, aimed to understand the experience of psychologists in the transition from in-person to remote modality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, identifying difficulties and gaps regarding the guidelines provided by the Federal Council of Psychology. A total of 385 psychologists participated in the research. An online questionnaire was used for data collection, distributed via a digital platform between May and November 2020. The study was also shared in professional Psychology groups on several social networks. The quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, and the answers to the open questions by reflective thematic analysis. The findings were organized into three thematic categories: (a) gaps perceived in the guidance regarding the choice of the digital platform; (b) gaps regarding the completion of the registration on the E-Psi website; and (c) lack of adequate training to make the transition to the online format. Among the main results were the insecurity generated by the lack of previous preparation of the professionals and the resistance of some clients to accept the transposition of the face-to-face services to the online model. It is expected that the mapping of the main difficulties faced by the category will contribute to qualify the debate about the effectiveness of the orientations made available to psychologists.(AU)

Con la emergencia de la pandemia de Covid-19, las(os) psicólogas(os) comenzaron a ofrecer atención psicológica en línea a pacientes que hasta entonces eran atendidos de forma presencial. Este cambio se producía a menudo de forma improvisada y sin la formación previa necesaria. Este estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cuanticualitativo, con enfoque transversal, tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de estos profesionales en la transición del trabajo presencial al remoto durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en Brasil, identificando dificultades y lagunas percibidas en las directrices del Consejo Federal de Psicología. Participaron en la investigación 385 psicólogos(as). Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario en línea distribuido por plataforma digital entre mayo y noviembre de 2020. El estudio también se difundió en grupos de la categoría profesional de la Psicología en diversas redes sociales. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante análisis estadístico descriptivo, y las respuestas a las preguntas abiertas mediante análisis temático reflexivo. Los resultados se organizaron en tres categorías temáticas: (a) lagunas percibidas en la orientación sobre la elección de la plataforma digital; (b) lagunas relativas a la realización de la inscripción en el sitio web E-Psi ; y (c) falta de formación adecuada para realizar la transición al formato en línea. Entre los principales resultados, destacaron la inseguridad generada por la falta de preparación previa de los profesionales y la resistencia de algunos clientes a aceptar la transición de los servicios del modelo presencial al modelo en línea. Se espera que el estudio de las principales dificultades a las que se enfrenta la categoría contribuya a matizar el debate sobre la eficacia de las orientaciones puestas a disposición de los(as) psicólogos(as).(AU)

Teleconsulta de enfermagem: desenvolvimento de plataforma para atendimento de casos de Covid-19 / Nursing teleconsultation: development of a platform for Covid-19 case management / Telecosulta en enfermería: desarrollo de una plataforma para el manejo de casos de Covid-19

Objetivo: Desenvolver uma plataforma virtual de Teleconsulta para atendimento a casos suspeitos de Síndromes Gripais e infecção por COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de natureza aplicada, com desenvolvimento de produção tecnológica e inovadora, prospectivo, ecológico, descritivo, de série temporal. A população do estudo foi formada por qualquer pessoa sintomática para Síndromes Gripais por COVID-19, suspeitos ou confirmados, de qualquer local do Brasil. Este estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, a saber: Etapa I: Desenvolvimento da Aplicação para Plataforma de Teleconsulta. Etapa II: atendimento por meio de Teleconsulta de Casos suspeitos de COVID-19 e Sindromes Gripais. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento da aplicação proposta foi a modelagem por prototipação evolucionária. Resultados: Foram realizados 209 atendimentos na Plataforma de Teleconsulta, sendo 151 (70%) do sexo feminino e 65 (30%) do sexo masculino, com prevalência de idade variando de 20 a 29 anos (41%). Quanto ao risco de infecção por COVID-19, 42 (20%) tinham alto risco, 75 (36%) médio risco e 92 (44%) baixo risco. Os sintomas mais prevalentes foram: secreção nasal ou espirros (53%), dores no corpo (49%), dor de cabeça (47%), dor de garganta (46%), tosse seca (35%), Febre (31%), falta de ar (25%) e diarreia (23%). Inicialmente o teleatendimento foi composto por teletriagem com classificação de risco com base na sintomatologia dos pacientes que foram codificados com pontuações conforme a gravidade do sintoma para formas graves de COVID-19. A classificação de risco categorizou os pacientes em risco baixo (1 a 9 pontos), risco médio (10 a 19 pontos) e risco alto (20 a 36 pontos). Em seguida, a teleconsulta foi agendada conforme disponibilidade do paciente por meio do método SBAR para comunicação efetiva e ao término do atendimento um plano de cuidados com Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem ­ SAE era encaminhado ao paciente por meio de WhatsApp ou e-mail. Conclusão: A plataforma de teleconsulta possibilitou a triagem dos pacientes, reduziu as visitas desnecessárias às unidades de emergência, permitiu a avaliação e monitoramento dos casos, bem como o acompanhamento de pacientes ambulatoriais que não necessitam de avaliação presencial.

Objective: To develop a virtual Teleconsultation platform for care of suspected cases of influenza syndromes and infection by COVID-19. Methodology: This is a study of applied nature, with development of technological and innovative production, prospective, ecological, descriptive, time series. The study population was made up of any person symptomatic for COVID-19 influenza syndromes, suspected or confirmed, from any location in Brazil. This study was conducted in two stages, namely: Stage I: Development of the Application for Teleconsultation Platform. Stage II: care through Teleconsultation of suspected cases of COVID-19 and influenza syndromes. The methodology used to develop the proposed application was evolutionary prototyping modeling. Results: There were 209 consultations in the Teleconsultation Platform, 151 (70%) were female and 65 (30%) were male, with prevalence of age ranging from 20 to 29 years (41%). As for the risk of infection by COVID-19, 42 (20%) had high risk, 75 (36%) medium risk and 92 (44%) low risk. The most prevalent symptoms were: nasal discharge or sneezing (53%), body aches (49%), headache (47%), sore throat (46%), dry cough (35%), fever (31%), shortness of breath (25%), and diarrhea (23%). Initially, the telecare was composed of teletry with risk classification based on the symptomatology of the patients who were coded with scores according to symptom severity for severe forms of COVID-19. The risk classification categorized patients into low risk (1 to 9 points), medium risk (10 to 19 points), and high risk (20 to 36 points). Then, the teleconsultation was scheduled according to the patient's availability through the SBAR method for effective communication and at the end of the service a care plan with Nursing Assistance Systematization - SAE was forwarded to the patient through WhatsApp or e-mail. Conclusion: Teleconsultation platform enabled patient triage, reduced unnecessary visits to emergency units, allowed the evaluation and monitoring of cases, as well as the follow- up of outpatients who do not need face-to-face evaluation.

Objetivo: Desarrollar una plataforma de Teleconsulta virtual para atender casos sospechosos de síndromes gripales e infección por COVID-19. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio aplicado, con desarrollo de producción tecnológica e innovadora, prospectivo, ecológico, descriptivo, con serie de tiempo. La población de estudio estuvo formada por cualquier persona sintomática de síndromes gripales por COVID-19, sospechada o confirmada, de cualquier localidad de Brasil. Este estudio se realizó en dos etapas, a saber: Etapa I: Desarrollo de Aplicaciones para la Plataforma de Teleconsulta. Etapa II: atención mediante teleconsulta de casos sospechosos de COVID-19 y síndromes gripales. La metodología utilizada para el desarrollo de la aplicación propuesta fue el modelado por prototipo evolutivo. Resultados: Se realizaron 209 consultas en la Plataforma de Teleconsulta, 151 (70%) del sexo femenino y 65 (30%) del masculino, con prevalencia de edades entre 20 a 29 años (41%). En cuanto al riesgo de infección por COVID-19, 42 (20%) fueron de alto riesgo, 75 (36%) de riesgo medio y 92 (44%) de bajo riesgo. Los síntomas más prevalentes fueron: secreción nasal o estornudos (53%), dolor de cuerpo (49%), dolor de cabeza (47%), dolor de garganta (46%), tos seca (35%), fiebre (31%), falta de aliento (25%) y diarrea (23%). Inicialmente, la teleasistencia consistía en teleselección con clasificación de riesgo en función de la sintomatología de los pacientes a los que se codificaba con puntuaciones según la gravedad del síntoma para formas graves de COVID-19. La clasificación de riesgo clasificó a los pacientes en riesgo bajo (1 a 9 puntos), riesgo medio (10 a 19 puntos) y riesgo alto (20 a 36 puntos). Luego, se programó la teleconsulta de acuerdo a la disponibilidad del paciente a través del método SBAR para una comunicación efectiva y al final de la atención se remitió al paciente un plan de cuidados con Sistematización de Atención de Enfermería - SAE vía WhatsApp o correo electrónico. Conclusión: La plataforma de teleconsulta posibilitó el triaje de pacientes, redujo las visitas innecesarias a las unidades de emergencia, permitió la evaluación y seguimiento de casos, así como el seguimiento de pacientes ambulatorios que no requieren evaluación presencial.

Identificação de demandas psicológicas em pacientes atendidos por interconsulta: divergências na percepção de médicos e psicólogos / Identification of psychological demands in patients seen by inter-consultation: differences in physicians' and psychologists' perceptions

O adoecimento e a necessidade de internação hospitalar podem implicar em prejuízo psicológico ao paciente. Neste sentido, o trabalho em equipes multiprofissionais configura-se como uma importante ferramenta para oferecer atenção integral à saúde. A interconsulta psicológica se caracteriza por um atendimento breve e focado, solicitado pela equipe responsável pelo cuidado do paciente, no qual o psicólogo propõe condutas em conjunto com a equipe de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as demandas psicológicas identificadas pelo médico no pedido de interconsulta, com as demandas avaliadas pelo psicólogo no primeiro atendimento a pacientes hospitalizados em um hospital universitário de nível terciário. Os dados foram obtidos no prontuário médico, categorizados pelos pesquisadores segundo o método quantitativo-interpretativo e analisados em termos de frequência e porcentagem pelo teste de McNemar e grau de concordância entre os avaliadores pelo Coeficiente de Concordância de Kappa. Cento e quatro pedidos de interconsulta realizados entre março de 2017 e março de 2018 foram avaliados, com predominância de pacientes do sexo feminino (59,8), com mais de 50 anos (63%) e profissionalmente inativos (61,9%). A maioria das solicitações teve origem na clínica médica (80,8%) e em paciente com quadro crônico (52,9%). Os resultados encontrados foram descritos em 11 categorias. Notou-se que houve maior concordância entre os cuidadores no reconhecimento de sintomas emocionais como justificativa de intervenção psicológica, o que encontrou correspondência com a literatura científica disponível. Observaram-se discordâncias na percepção de demandas entre os profissionais, especialmente sobre sofrimento emocional relacionado a dificuldades na compreensão do diagnóstico e/ou tratamento, pouco suporte familiar/social, problemas de adaptação à internação hospitalar e problemas emocionais não relacionados à doença. Conclui-se que a perspectiva multiprofissional é uma estratégia importante para promover atenção integral ao paciente, tendo a interconsulta como possibilidade efetiva, e que a abordagem do paciente apresenta diferentes perspectivas, vinculadas aos saberes de cada componente da equipe. Destaca-se a necessidade de investir na formação para a identificação e manejo de problemas de ordem emocional, comunicação e bom relacionamento médico-paciente, e observação de aspectos da história individual que possam contribuir para o bom desfecho do tratamento. Também, mostra-se importante que a for-mação acadêmica instrumentalize os profissionais para o trabalho em equipe multiprofissional, o que requer habilidades de comunicação, sensibilidade e compreensão sobre a complementaridade dos sabere (AU).

Falling ill and the need for hospitalization may imply psychological damage to the patient. In this sense, the work in multi-professional teams is configured as an important tool to offer integrated health care. The psychological in-ter-consultation is characterized by a brief and focused service requested by the team responsible for the patients' care, in which the psychologist proposes practices together with the health team. This study aimed to compare the psychological demands identified by the physician in the inter-consultation request, with the demands evaluated by the psychologist in the first assistance to patients hospitalized in a tertiary-level university hospital. The data were obtained from the medical records, categorized by the researchers according to the quantitative-interpretative method, and analyzed in terms of frequency and percentage by McNemar's test and degree of agreement between the evaluators by the Kappa Coefficient of Agreement. 104 inter-consultation requests made between March 2017 and March 2018 were evaluated, with a predominance of female patients (59.8), over 50 years of age (63%), and professionally inactive (61.9%). Most requests originated from the medical clinic (80.8%) and a patient with a chronic condition (52.9%). The results found were described in 11 categories. It was noted that there was greater agreement among caregivers in recognition of emotional symptoms as a justification for psychological intervention, which found correspondence with the available scientific literature. Disagreements were noted in the perception of demands among professionals, especially regarding emotional suffering related to difficulties in understanding the diagnosis and/or treatment, little family/social support, problems of adaptation to hospitalization, and emotional problems unrelated to the disease. We conclude that the multi-professional perspective is an important strategy to promote integral attention to the patient, with inter-consultation as an effective possibility, and that the approach to the patient presents different perspectives linked to each team component's knowledge. The need to invest in training for emotional problem identification and management, communication and a good doctor-patient relation-ship, and aspects of the individual history that can contribute to a good treatment outcome is emphasized. Also, it is important that academic training equips professionals to work in a multi-professional team, which requires communication skills, sensitivity, and an understanding of the complementarity of knowledge (AU).

El asma no controlada en la atención primaria: implementación y uso práctico de ReferID / Uncontrolled Asthma in Primary Care: Implementation and Practical Use of ReferID

Introducción: la evidencia de vida real muestra deficiencias en alcanzar los objetivos de control del asma, con elevado consumo de agonistas beta-2 de acción corta (SA-BA) y sobreuso de corticoides sistémicos (CS). Métodos: estudio observacional, des-criptivo, aplicando la herramienta ReferID con 4 preguntas para identificar pacientes con asma no controlada y/o en riesgo de crisis severas: en los últimos 12 meses [1] ¿Re-cibió ≥2 ciclos de CS y/o los usó como mantenimiento?; [2] ¿Tuvo ≥2 visitas a emergen-cias por asma?; [3] ¿Estuvo intubado o en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) por as-ma?; [4] ¿Cuántos inhaladores de SABA ha utilizado? Una respuesta afirmativa a las preguntas 1, 2 o 3, o usar ≥3 envases de SABA, sugieren riesgo de ataque grave, nece-sidad de CS y/o riesgo vital. En estos pacientes se recomienda evaluación por especia-listas. Resultados: participaron 441 pacientes de 7 instituciones del Área Metropolita-na de Buenos Aires. Al 60,1% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95]:55,5%-64,7%) se le recomendó evaluación por especialista. El 33,8% (IC95:29,39%-38,21%) recibió ≥2 ciclos de CS y/o los usaba como mantenimiento. El 36,1% (IC95:31,62%-40,58%) asis-tió ≥2 veces a emergencias. El 41,5% (IC95:30,06%-38,94%) usó ≥3 envases de SABA. El 8,8% (IC95:6,16%-11,44%) tenía historia de intubación o UCI. El 37,2% se atendió en instituciones públicas, con indicadores de gravedad significativamente mayores que en las privadas. Conclusiones: ReferID es una herramienta simple que ayuda a identificar a pacientes en riesgo de crisis severa y/o que pudieran tener diagnóstico de asma gra-ve; y que se beneficiarían de una evaluación por un especialista. AU

Introduction: real-life evidence shows deficiencies in achieving asthma control goals, with high use of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) and overuse of systemic cortico-steroids (SC). Methods: observational, descriptive study, applying the ReferID tool with 4 questions to identify patients with uncontrolled asthma and/or at risk of severe crisis: in the last 12 months [1] Have you received ≥2 cycles of CS and/or used them as main-tenance therapy?; [2] Have you had ≥2 emergency visits for asthma?; [3] Have you ever been intubated or admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for asthma?; [4] How many SABA inhalers have you used? An affirmative answer to questions 1, 2 or 3, or using ≥3 canisters of SABA, suggests risk of severe attack, need for CS and/or life-threatening risk. In these patients, evaluation by specialists is recommended. Results: 441 patients from 7 institutions in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires were enrolled. An evalu-ation by specialists was recommended for 60.1% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 55.5%-64.7%); 33.8% (95%CI:29.39%-38.21%) received ≥2 cycles of CS and/or used them as maintenance; 36.1% (95%CI:31.62%-40.58%) attended ≥2 times to the emer-gency department; 41.5% (95%CI:30.06%-38.94%) used ≥3 containers of SABA; 8.8% (95%CI:6.16%-11.44%) had a history of intubation or ICU admission; 37.2% were as-sisted in public institutions, with significantly higher severity indicators than in private ones. Conclusions: Refer ID is a simple, useful tool to quickly identify asthma patients who are at risk of severe exacerbations and/or may have a diagnosis of severe asthma and would benefit from evaluation by a specialist. AU

Frecuencia de referencias ambulatorias injustificadas, en base a diagnósticos no pertinentes, realizadas a un hospital peruano de tercer nivel / Frequency of unjustified ambulatory referrals bases on no pertinent diagnosis sent to a third level Peruvian hospital

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y describir las características de referencias injustificadas, en base a diagnósticos no pertinentes, enviadas al servicio de consulta externa adultos de un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo, realizado en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia (HCH) en el periodo abril a diciembre del 2019. Se utilizaron los datos del aplicativo "REFCON" con una población de 99 891 referencias. Para la variable "justificación de la referencia", se utilizó un listado de diagnósticos que no deberían derivarse a hospitales de la DIRIS Lima Norte. Adicionalmente, se estudiaron las variables de edad, sexo, grupo etario, especialidad de destino, categoría del EESS de origen, distrito de origen, y diagnóstico del grupo de referencias injustificadas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La frecuencia de referencias injustificadas fue de 8,4 %. El 34,2 % fue de pacientes adultos; el 65,8 %, de adultos mayores; y el 67 %, de pacientes mujeres Las especialidades con más referencias injustificadas fueron cardiología, geriatría, medicina interna, medicina familiar y neurología. Los diagnósticos injustificados más frecuentes fueron hipertensión esencial, lumbago no especificado y cefalea. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de referencias injustificadas al HCH por diagnósticos no pertinentes fue 8,4 %, tasa similar a otros dos estudios, pese a la emisión de una lista de diagnósticos que no deberían derivarse a hospitales de la DIRIS Lima Norte.

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the frequency and to describe the characteristics of unjustified ambulatory referrals bases on no pertinent diagnosis done at an adult outpatient clinic of a third level Peruvian hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried-out from April to December 2019 at Hospital Cayetano Heredia. Data were extracted from REFCON with a population of 99 891 referrals. To justify the reference, a list of diagnosis that does not require referral was used. In addition, variables such as age, sex, specialty of destination, category of EESS, district of origin and diagnosis of the unjustified referral. Descriptive statistics was used. Results: the frequency of unjustified referrals was 8.4%; 34.2% comprised the adult population; 65.8% were elder and 67% were female. Specialties with more unjustified referrals were geriatrics, internal medicine, family medicine and neurology. The most common unjustified diagnosis was essential hypertension, nonspecific low back pain and headache. Conclusions: Despite of socializing a list of unjustified referral diagnosis a frequency of 8,4% remain in this category, which is like results from two previous studies.

Valor añadido de las interconsultas con otras especialidades médicas en el peritaje médico legal / The added value of interconsultations with other medical specialties in forensic expertise

Resumen La pericia médico legal es compleja y su resultado debe estar fundamentado considerando el análisis de varios elementos de juicio, como: la historia médico legal, el examen físico, el análisis de los expedientes médicos, estudios de laboratorio e imágenes radiológicas y en algunos casos, inclusive una interconsulta realizada a otros especialistas. El perito médico forense utiliza la interconsulta a especialistas para solventar la brecha que existe entre el conocimiento profesional y específico que posee una especialidad y una interrogante médico legal, por lo que difiere en gran manera en el objetivo, formulación y resultado de una interconsulta médica hospitalaria. Por esta razón, esta reflexión pretende contextualizar la importancia del recurso de interconsulta médica dentro del análisis pericial forense, que es un tema poco conocido en la medicina asistencial, y justificar la relevancia de la educación médica continua para los médicos especialistas que realizan las interconsultas y para quienes las solicitan.

Abstract The medical-legal report is complex and its result must be based on the análisis of various elements of judgment, such as: the legal medical history, the physical examination, the analysis of the medical records, laboratory and radiological images and in some cases, even an interconsultation with other specialists. The forensic medical expert uses the interconsultation with specialists to solve the gap that exists between the professional and specific knowledge that a specialty has and a legal medical question, for which it differs greatly in the objective, formulation and result of a hospital medical interconsultation. For this reason, this reflection aims to contextualize the importance of the resource of medical interconsultation within the forensic expert analysis, which is a little-known topic in healthcare medicine, and to justify the relevance of continuing medical education for medical specialists who perform interconsultations and for those who request them.

Crianças e adolescentes com necessidades especiais de saúde: o cuidado nos serviços de atenção domiciliar / Niños y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de salud: cuidado en los servicios de atención a domicilio / Children and adolescents with special healthcare needs: care in home care services

RESUMO Objetivo descrever o cuidado prestado às crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde nos Serviços de Atenção Domiciliar do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Métodos pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Os participantes do estudo foram profissionais dos Serviços de Atenção Domiciliar do Mato Grosso do Sul. A coleta de dados se deu com a aplicação de dois formulários on-line, no período de 2019 a 2020. Um dos formulários tinha dados descritivos dos serviços e seus atendimentos; o outro se voltava para a validação de protocolo de fluxo de atenção domiciliar às crianças. Para análise de dados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva. Resultados houve uma predominância de 25 crianças com paralisia cerebral, sendo que a maioria foi classificada como média complexidade, de acordo com a complexidade e as demandas de cuidados. Os profissionais realizam orientações, procedimentos e avaliação, além de serem responsáveis pelo treinamento da família. Os serviços não possuem protocolo de fluxo para atendimento das crianças. Conclusão Implicações para Prática embora os serviços apresentem capacidade de ampliação do atendimento e utilizem o Plano Terapêutico Singular, avanços na assistência às crianças e famílias ainda se fazem necessários. Recomenda-se a elaboração de protocolos de fluxo e propostas organizativas que auxiliem os profissionais em sua prática.

RESUMEN Objetivo Descrever a atención prestada a niños con necesidades especiales de salud en los Servicios de Atención Domiciliaria del Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Métodos investigação cuantitativa, descritiva e exploratoria. Los participantes del estudio fueron profesionales de los servicios de atención domiciliaria de Mato Grosso do Sul. La recolección de datos ocurrió a través de la aplicación de dos formularios en línea, de 2019 a 2020, uno con datos descriptivos de los servicios y su atención y el otro para la validación del protocolo para el flujo de atención domiciliaria a los niños. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos. Resultados hubo un predominio de 25 niños con parálisis cerebral. La mayoría clasificó como mediana complejidad de acuerdo a la complejidad y demandas de atención. The professionals carry out lineamientos, procedures, evaluation and are responsible for training the family. Los servicios no cuentan con un protocolo de flujo para la atención de niños. Conclusion Implications for Practice Although the services have the capacity to expand care and use the Singular Therapeutic Plan, advances in the care of the child and the family are still needed. The development of flow protocols and organizational proposals that help professionals in their practice are recommended.

ABSTRACT Objective to describe the care provided to children with special health needs in the Home Care Services of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. Methods research, descriptive and exploratory. Study participants were professionals from home care services in Mato Grosso do Sul. Data collection took place through the application of two online forms, from 2019 to 2020, one containing descriptive data of the services and their care and the other for validation of the home care flow protocol for children. It was used for data analysis and descriptive statistics. Results there was a predominance of 25 children with brain flexibility. Most classified as complex average according to the complexity and demands of care. Professionals and guidelines, procedures, assessment are responsible for training the family. The services do not have a flow protocol for the care of children. Conclusion Implications for Practice Services Present ability to deliver care and use the care plan and single use, advances in child care and solutions may still be presented. There is a practice of elaborating flow protocols and organization proposals that help professionals in their.

Cuidados paliativos: la visión del neurólogo en Uruguay / Palliative care from a neurologist's perspective in Uruguay / Cuidados paliativos: a visão do neurologista no Uruguai

Introducción: los cuidados paliativos (CP) han incluido en su abordaje patologías no oncológicas, sin embargo los criterios de inclusión de pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas avanzadas es aún un desafío. Objetivo: conocer la percepción de los neurólogos, residentes y posgrados sobre los CP. Método: se aplicó una encuesta en línea, ad hoc. Se exploró la percepción del profesional en cuatro áreas: experiencia de trabajo conjunto, enfermedades neurológicas pasibles de CP, criterios de derivación y autopercepción de la formación en CP. Resultados: se obtuvieron 60 respuestas, 73% de los neurólogos tenían más de 5 años de ejercicio. El 83% de los encuestados refirió haber compartido pacientes con profesionales de CP, el 87% afirmó que su experiencia fue positiva o muy positiva. El 53% consideró que la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica siempre debe recibir CP y alrededor de 80% evaluó la derivación de otras enfermedades sólo en etapas avanzadas. El principal criterio de derivación evocado fue la toma de decisiones anticipadas (66%), independientemente de los años de ejercicio. En relación a la autopercepción de la capacitación en el manejo del paciente con enfermedad neurológica avanzada al final de la vida, el 62% se percibió muy capacitado o aceptablemente capacitado. Conclusión: en esta primera aproximación de la perspectiva de los neurólogos del Uruguay con respecto a los CP, se destaca la necesidad de desarrollar guías de derivación y estrategias de trabajo conjunto para la asistencia integral de pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas pasibles de ser beneficiados por el enfoque de cuidados paliativos.

Introduction: palliative care (PC) has included non-oncologic conditions among its scope although inclusion criteria for patients with advanced neurological diseases continues to be challenging. Objective: to learn about the perception of neurologists, residents and postgraduates on palliative care. Method: an online, ad hoc survey was conducted. The survey explored the perception of professional in four areas: work experience in collaborative work, neurological conditions that could qualify for PC, criteria for referral and self-perception of palliative care training. Results: 60 replies were obtained. 73% of participants in the survey were neurologists with over 5 years of practice. 83% of surveyed physicians stated they had shared patients with PC professionals; 87% affirmed their experience had been positive or very positive. 53% found amyotrophic lateral sclerosis must receive PC in all cases and 80% considers the appropriateness of referring patients with other conditions only in advanced stages of the disease. The main criteria for referral mentioned was the making of anticipated decisions (66%), regardless of the years of practice. As to their self-perception of training in the handling of patients with advanced neurological disease at the end of life, 62% see themselves as very well prepared or satisfactorily prepared. Conclusions: in this first approach to the perspective of neurologists in Uruguay on palliative care, we stand out the need to create referral guidelines and strategies for collaborative work for the comprehensive handling of patients with neurological conditions that could qualify for benefiting from palliative care.

Introdução: os cuidados paliativos (CP) têm incluído patologias não oncológicas na sua abordagem; no entanto os critérios de inclusão para doentes com doenças neurológicas avançadas ainda são um desafio. Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de neurologistas, residentes e pós-graduandos de neurologia sobre os CP. Método: foi aplicado um questionário online, ad hoc. A percepção do profissional foi explorada em quatro áreas: experiência de trabalho conjunto, doenças neurológicas susceptíveis ao CP, critérios de encaminhamento e autopercepção da capacitação em CP. Resultados: foram obtidas 60 respostas sendo 73% neurologistas com mais de 5 anos de prática. 83% dos entrevistados relataram ter compartilhado pacientes com profissionais de CP; 87% afirmam que sua experiência foi positiva ou muito positiva. 53% consideraram que a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica deve sempre receber CP e cerca de 80% avaliaram o encaminhamento de outras doenças apenas em estágios avançados. O principal critério de encaminhamento evocado foi a tomada de decisão precoce (66%), independentemente dos anos de prática. Em relação à autopercepção de capacitação no manejo de pacientes com doença neurológica avançada na fase final da vida, 62% percebem-se altamente capacitados ou com treinamento aceitável. Conclusão: nesta primeira aproximação à perspectiva dos neurologistas uruguaios sobre os CP, destaca-se a necessidade de desenvolver guias de encaminhamento e estratégias de trabalho conjunto para o atendimento integral de pacientes com doenças neurológicas que possam se beneficiar da abordagem de cuidados paliativos.

Audit of emergency obstetric referrals at a Tertiary Center in Kano

Introduction: Maternal and perinatal deaths could be prevented if functional referral systems are in place to allow pregnant women to get appropriate services when complications occur. Methodology: The study was a 1-year retrospective study of obstetric referrals in Aminu Kano Teaching hospital, from 1st January to 31st December 2019. Records of all emergency obstetrics patients referred to the hospital for 1 year were reviewed. A structured proforma was used to extract information such as sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, indications for referral, and pre-referral treatment. The care given at the receiving hospital was extracted from the patients' folders. An Audit standard was developed and the findings were compared with the standards in order to determine how the referral system in the study area perform in relation to the standard. Results: There were total of 180 referrals, the mean age of the women was 28.5 ± 6.3 years. Majority (52%) of the patients were referred from Secondary Centres and only 10% were transported with an ambulance. The most common diagnosis at the time of referral was severe preeclampsia. More than half of the patients (63%) had to wait for 30 to 60 minutes before they see a doctor. All the patients were offered high quality care and majority (70%) were delivered via caesarean section. Conclusion: There were lapses in the management of patients before referral; failure to identify high risk conditions, delay in referral, and lack of treatment during transit to the referral centre.

Prevalence of middle ear effusion among children with adenoid hypertrophy at a national referral hospital in Tanzania

Introduction: Middle ear effusion (MEE) is a common childhood disorder that causes hearing impairment due to the presence of fluid in the middle ear which reduces the middle ear's ability to conduct sound. Temporary or persistent hearing loss as a result of MEE causes speech, language and learning delays in children. There are few studies on MEE in Tanzania despite the huge burden of hearing loss among children with adenoid hypertrophy which is a known risk factor for MEE. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 children aged nine years and below having adenoid hypertrophy with or without MEE. The diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy was confirmed with a lateral view x-ray of the nasopharynx and tympanometry for cases with MEE. The primary objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of MEE among children with adenoid hypertrophy. Results: The prevalence of MEE among children with adenoid hypertrophy was 61.7%, with 218 (51.9%) males and 202 (48.1%) females. The most affected age group was 2-4 years with an incidence 193 (46%) and in this age group, males (53.9%) were more affected than females (46.1%). Generally, males, 134 (51.7%) were more affected by MEE than females, 125 (48.3%) of all 259 children with MEE. In terms of age group predominance by MEE, children aged 3-4 years, 107(41.3%) were more affected than all other age groups. Additionally, 4 (1.5%) children with MEE presented with hearing loss. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of MEE among children with adenoid hypertrophy but no significant association with hearing loss.