Tratamento de lesão periradicular, de origem endodôntica, com auxílio de laserterapia: uma revisão sistemática da literatura e apresentação se caso clínico / Treatment of periradicular injury, of endodontic origin, with the aid of laser therapy: a systematic review of the literature and presentation if clinical case

É sabido que a cavidade oral é a porta de entrada para muitos microrganismos e que possui alguns gêneros de bactérias que quando se associam ou proliferam em excesso, com a falta de higienização correta, fatores ambientais e imunológicos podem causar danos em algumas partes dos dentes como no tecido pulpar e canais radiculares. Neste sentido, a endodontia tem sido capaz de tratar pessoas com problemas dentários em fases muito precoces como as medidas profiláticas até casos infeciosos que afetam a polpa dos dentes causando as lesões perirradiculares que são infecções causadas por microrganismos, Para tanto, é necessário que a odontologia ofereça transformações positivas por meio de técnicas que sejam mais previsíveis para os tratamentos. A literatura tem indicado o uso da laserterapia como técnica auxiliar para o tratamento endodôntico pelo seu potencial mínimo invasivo, preciso e eficaz em menor tempo de cura de patologias orais como as lesões perirradiculares. Este estudo pretendeu abordar a importância da laserterapia sobre as variáveis patológicas de pacientes com lesão perirradiculares. Para realiza-lo foi necessário buscar na literatura estudos que associem este tipo de tratamento e sua eficiência no tratamento desta patologia. Para realizar esta pesquisa foi necessário buscar dados na literatura que tratam sobre o tema para investigar o tempo indicado ao tratamento com a laserterapia bem como o estágio em que as lesões podem ser tratadas com auxílio deste método. Corroborando com o estudo apresentamos um caso clínico(AU)

It is known that the oral cavity is the gateway to many microorganisms and that it has some genera of bacteria that when they associate or proliferate in excess, with the lack of correct hygiene, environmental and immunological factors can cause damage in some parts of the teeth such as in pulp tissue and root canals. In this sense, endodontics has been able to treat people with dental problems at very early stages such as prophylactic measures to infectious cases that affect the pulp of teeth causing perirradicular lesions that are infections caused by microorganisms, therefore, it is necessary that dentistry offer positive transformations through techniques that are more predictable for treatments. The literature has indicated the use of laser therapy as an auxiliary technique for endodontic treatment for its minimal invasive, precise and effective potential in shorter time of cure of oral pathologies such as perirradicular lesions. This study aimed to address the importance of laser therapy on the pathological variables of patients with perirradicular lesions. To accomplish this, it was necessary to seek studies in the literature that associate this type of treatment and its efficiency in the treatment of this pathology. To carry out this research it was necessary to seek data in the literature that deal with the subject to investigate the time indicated for treatment with laser therapy as well as the stage at which lesions can be treated with the aid of this method. Corroborating the study, we present a clinical case(AU)

Análise comparativa das características composicionais, técnicas e comerciais dos cimentos endodônticos obturadores à base de silicato de cálcio / Comparative analysis of compositional, technical and commercial characteristics of calcium silicate-based endodontic root canal sealers

Introdução: os cimentos endodônticos obturadores à base de silicato de cálcio têm sido amplamente utilizados na endodontia, principalmente em razão de suas reconhecidas propriedades bioativas. Como consequência, uma quantidade expressiva de marcas comerciais foi lançada no mercado, dificultando a compreensão do profissional, principalmente no que diz respeito às diferentes composições químicas, apresentações, formas de uso e custo-benefício. Objetivos: o Objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as diferenças composicionais, técnicas (indicações e apresentação comercial) e comerciais (custo e disponibilidade de venda) dos cimentos endodônticos obturadores à base de silicato de cálcio, disponíveis para uso e comercialização no Brasil. Metodologia: foi realizada uma busca sistemática no site da Anvisa, sendo identificados sete cimentos endodônticos obturadores biocerâmicos para uso no Brasil. As bulas dos produtos foram analisadas para verificação de composição, apresentação e indicação de uso. Sites especializados foram consultados para verificação de preço dos produtos. Resultados: observou-se que a composição química varia bastante, a depender do fabricante, sendo os silicatos tricálcico e dicálcico os componentes mais frequentes. A maioria dos cimentos é apresentada comercialmente pronta para uso, e possui óxido de zircônio como agente radiopacificador. A venda através de sites especializados ainda é restrita a alguns produtos, e o custo varia de acordo com a quantidade de material por embalagem. Conclusão: este trabalho apresentou as características composicionais, técnicas e comerciais de sete cimentos endodônticos obturadores à base de silicato de cálcio registrados na ANVISA e autorizados para uso no Brasil.

Introduction: calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers have been widely used in endodontics, mainly because of their recognized bioactive properties. As a result, a significant number of commercial brands were launched on the market, making it difficult for professionals their comprehension, especially with regard to different chemical compositions, presentations, forms of use and cost-effectiveness. Objective: the Objective of this work was to analyze the compositional, technical (indications and commercial presentation) and commercial (cost and availability) differences of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers, available for use and commercialization in Brazil. Methodology: a systematic search was carried out on the Anvisa website, and seven bioceramic endodontic sealers for use in Brazil were identified. Product leaflets were analyzed to verify composition, presentation and indication of use. Specialized websites were consulted to verify the price of the products. Results: it was observed that the chemical composition varies a lot, depending on the manufacturer, with tricalcium and dicalcium silicates being the most frequent components. Most sealers are commercially available ready-to-use, and have zirconium oxide as a radiopacifying agent. The sale through specialized websites is still restricted to some products, and the cost varies according to the amount of material per package. Conclusion: this work presented the compositional, technical and commercial characteristics of seven calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers registered at ANVISA and authorized for use in Brazil.

Effects of using different root canal sealers and protocols for cleaning intraradicular dentin on the bond strength of a composite resin used to reinforce weakened roots / Efectos del uso de diferentes selladores de conductos radiculares y protocolos para limpiar la dentina intrarradicular sobre la fuerza de unión de una resina compuesta utilizada para reforzar raíces debilitadas

Background: This study evaluated the effects of using different root canal sealers and protocols for cleaning intraradicular dentin on the bond strength of a composite resin used to reinforce weakened roots. Material and Methods: Sixty-four roots of extracted human maxillary canines were weakened, prepared and filled with two different endodontic sealers (Endofill and AH Plus). In half of the sample, set aside for each respective sealer, excess filling material was cleaned. In the other half, the weakened areas were not cleaned, and the excess of sealer was spread on the intraradicular dentin. Intentionally worn areas inside each root were restored with a microhybrid light-cure composite resin (Z100) to reinforce them, with and without acid etching. Prefabricated metal posts were fixed with a dual resin cement (RelyX ARC), and the specimens were submitted to a pull-out test. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Shapiro-Wilk, analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer tests (p<0.05). Results: The groups filled with Endofill (GI, GII, GIII, GIV) had the lowest bond strength values, which were similar among each other (p>0.05).The greatest bond strength values were observed in roots filled with AH Plus (GV, GVI, GVII, GVIII), mainly without cleaning of the weakened areas, and followed by acid etching (GVII), and also with cleaning of the weakened areas, however, with no acid etching (GVI) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The greatest bond strength values were observed in roots filled with AH Plus; (1) without cleaning of the weakened areas and with acid etching, and; (2) with cleaning of the weakened areas, but without acid etching.

Antecedentes: este estudio evaluó los efectos del uso de diferentes selladores de conductos radiculares y protocolos para limpiar la dentina intrarradicular sobre la fuerza de unión de una resina compuesta utilizada para reforzar las raíces debilitadas. Material y Métodos: Sesenta y cuatro raíces de caninos maxilares humanos extraídos fueron debilitadas, preparadas y rellenadas con dos selladores endodónticos diferentes (Endofill y AH Plus). En la mitad de la muestra, reservada para cada sellador respectivo, se limpió el exceso de material de relleno. En la otra mitad, las áreas debilitadas no se limpiaron y el exceso de sellador se esparció sobre la dentina intrarradicular. Las áreas desgastadas intencionalmente dentro de cada raíz se restauraron con una resina compuesta fotopolimerizable microhíbrida (Z100) para reforzarlas, con y sin grabado ácido. Los postes metálicos prefabricados se fijaron con un cemento de resina dual (RelyX ARC) y los especímenes se sometieron a una prueba de extracción. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante Shapiro-Wilk, análisis de varianza (ANOVA de una vía) y pruebas de Tukey-Kramer (p<0,05). Resultados: Los grupos rellenos con Endofill (GI, GII, GIII, GIV) presentaron los valores más bajos de fuerza de unión, los cuales fueron similares entre sí (p>0,05). Los mayores valores de fuerza de unión se observaron en raíces rellenas con AH Plus (GV, GVI, GVII, GVIII), principalmente sin limpieza de las áreas debilitadas, seguido de grabado ácido (GVII), y también con limpieza de las áreas debilitadas aunque sin grabado ácido (GVI) (p<0.05). Conclusión: Los mayores valores de fuerza de unión se observaron en las raíces rellenas con AH Plus; (1) sin limpieza de las áreas debilitadas y con grabado ácido, y; (2) con limpieza de las áreas debilitadas, pero sin grabado ácido.

Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of nano-hydroxyapatite based experimental calcium silicate cement as a root repair material / Síntesis, caracterización y evaluación de cemento experimental de silicato de calcio a base de nanohidroxiapatita como material de reparación radicular

Introduction: This study aimed to prepare a new root repair material including Portland cement, bismuth oxide, and nano-hydroxyapatite and analyze its physicochemical properties and its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Material and Methods: Bismuth oxide as a radiopaque component and nano-hydroxyapatite particles were added to white Portland cement at 20% and 5% weight ratio, respectively. Characterization of the prepared cement was done using conventional methods. To examine the bioactivity of this new material, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used for the investigation of the rate of calcium ions dissolution in simulated body fluid media. The viability of hDPSCs was assessed by an MTT assay after 1, 3 and 7 days. The odontogenic potential of this substance was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S staining. Results: Based on the bioactivity results, the cement presented high bio-activity, corroborating sufficiently with the calcium release patterns. The cell viability was significantly increased in new root repair material containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles after 3 and 7 days (p<0.05). Conclusion: Moreover, alkaline phosphatase activity increased over 7 days in all experimental groups. The new cement containing nano-hydroxyapatite particles could be a good root repair material.

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo preparar un nuevo material de reparación de raíces que incluye cemento Portland, óxido de bismuto y nano-hidroxiapatita y analizar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y sus efectos sobre la proliferación y diferenciación de células madre de pulpa dental humana. Material y Métodos: El óxido de bismuto como compo-nente radiopaco y las partículas de nano-hidroxiapatita se agregaron al cemento Portland blanco en una proporción en peso del 20 % y el 5 %, respectivamente. La caracterización del cemento preparado se realizó utilizando métodos con-vencionales. Para examinar la bioactividad de este nuevo material, se utilizó la espectroscopia de absorción atómica para investigar la velocidad de disolución de los iones de calcio en medio fluido corporal simulado. La viabilidad de las células madre de pulpa dental humana se evaluó mediante un ensayo MTT después de 1, 3 y 7 días. El potencial odontogénico de esta sustancia se evaluó midiendo la actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina y la tinción con rojo de alizarina S.Resultados: Con base en los resultados de bioactividad, el cemento presentó alta bioactividad, corroborando suficientemente con los patrones de liberación de calcio. La viabilidad celular aumentó significativamente en el nuevo material de reparación de raíces que contenía nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita después de 3 y 7 días (p<0,05). Conclusión: Además, la actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina aumentó durante 7 días en todos los grupos experimentales. El nuevo cemento que contiene partículas de nanohidroxiapatita podría ser un buen material de reparación radicular.

Retratamiento y reparación de una perforación radicular. Informe clínico, radiográfico e histológico / Retreatment and healing of a case of root perforation. Clinical, radiographic and histological report

Objetivo: Describir los aspectos clínicos, radiográfi- cos e histológicos del retratamiento realizado en un segundo molar superior en el que se había producido previamente una perforación radicular durante el tratamiento original. Caso clínico: Un paciente masculino de 50 años con- currió a la consulta para realizar un retratamiento endodóntico en un segundo molar superior derecho. El examen radiográfi- co reveló la presencia de un tratamiento incompleto, un área radiolúcida periapical y una perforación radicular producida por un poste roscado insertado fuera del espacio del conducto mesio vestibular. Una vez retirado el poste, se selló la perfo- ración con Biodentine y se realizó el retratamiento. Luego de dos años, el paciente regresó a la consulta con dolor a la mas- ticación, localizado en el área correspondiente al segundo mo- lar superior derecho previamente tratado. Durante el examen clínico y radiográfico se detectó la presencia de una fractura vertical en la raíz palatina. A causa del severo compromiso radicular el molar fue extraído y derivado para su análisis his- tológico. El informe del laboratorio reveló que la perforación había sido reparada por medio de la aposición de un nuevo tejido calcificado y que el remanente periodontal adherido a la raíz se encontraba dentro de los límites normales. El presente caso clínico resalta la importancia que tiene el conocimiento cabal de la anatomía del sistema de conductos radiculares con el objeto de evitar errores de procedimiento que puedan influir negativamente en el pronóstico del tratamiento (AU)

Aim: To describe the clinical, radiographic and histo- logical aspects of the retreatment of a second upper molar in which root perforation had occurred during the original treatment. Clinical case: A 50-year old male was referred for endo- dontic retreatment of the right second maxillary molar. Radi- ographic examination revealed the presence of an incomplete root canal treatment, a radiolucent periapical area and a root perforation produced by a threaded post placed outside of the mesiobuccal root canal. After post removal, the root perfo- ration was sealed with Biodentine and the root canals were retreated. Two years later, the patient returned to the office com- plaining of severe pain during mastication, in the area of the previously retreated right second maxillary molar. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed the presence of a ver- tical fracture on the palatal root. Since this kind of root dam- age non-restorable, the tooth was extracted and submitted to histologic analysis. The laboratory report revealed that the perforation site had healed by the apposition of new calci- fied tissue, and that the remnants of periodontal tissue which persisted attached to the root were within normal limits. This clinical case highlights the importance of thorough knowl- edge of the anatomy of the root canal system in order to avoid procedural errors which may compromise the prognosis of the treatment (AU)

Selamento de perfuração com técnica de inserção modificada do MTA: relato de caso clínico / Drilling seals rig with a modified MTA insertion technique: clinical case report

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de selamento de perfuração com uma técnica de inserção modificada do MTA. Após a anestesia, foi realizado o isolamento absoluto do dente e remoção do material presente na câmara, com o auxílio do inserto ultrassônico Smart X 1. Realizada a limpeza da perfuração utilizando hipoclorito de sódio e modelagem do canal com o instrumento rotatório, a obturação foi concebida com cone de guta percha e cimento AHPlus. Com broca Gates Glidden #3 foi removida a guta percha até o nível da perfuração. Em seguida, 5 mg de MTA branco foi manipulado, de acordo com recomendações do fabricante usando água destilada na proporção 1:1 e inserido na canaleta de uma régua endodôntica. Com o auxílio do instrumento de RHEM o material foi removido da canaleta e inserido na perfuração, concluindo o vedamento da mesma. Conclui-se neste caso clínico que o selamento de perfuração com MTA obteve sucesso clínico e radiográfico, utilizando a técnica de inserção com MTA modificada(AU)

This article aims to report a clinical case of sealing drilling rig with a modified MTA insertion technique. After anesthesia, the absolute isolation of the tooth and removing the material present in the Chamber, with the aid of ultrasonic Insert Smart X 1. Held drilling cleaning using sodium hypochlorite and modeling the canall with the Rotary instrument, the filling was designed with cone of gutta percha and cement AHPlus. With Gates Glidden bur #3 removed the gutta percha drilling level. Then 5 mg of white MTA was handled, according to manufacturer 's recommendations using distilled water in the ratio 1:1 and inserted in a canal endodontic ruler. With the aid of RHEM instrument the material was removed from the canal and inserted in drilling, completing the enclosure. It is concluded in this case that the sealing of drilling with clinical and radiographic success MTA, using the technique of does not avoid inserting rotating instrument. The obturation was performed with gutta percha cone and AHPlus cement. Removed gutta percha with Gates Glidden drill to drill level. Then, 5 mg of white MTA was handled, according to manufacturer 's recommendations using distilled water in the ratio 1: 1. Soon after, it was inserted in the caneleta of an endodontic ruler and with the aid of the instrument of RHEM the material was inserted in the indicated place. It is concluded in this clinical case that the perforation sealing with MTA obtained clinical and radiographic success, using the insertion technique with modified MTA(AU)

Transfixação horizontal de pino de fibra de vidro em um dente tratado endodonticamente: relato de caso clínico / Horizontal transfixion of a fiberglass post into an endodontically treated tooth: a clinical case report

O objetivo deste relato de caso foi descrever em detalhes a técnica de transfixação de pino de fibra de vidro no sentido horizontal e restauração de resina composta em um dente molar tratado endodonticamete. Paciente, sexo feminino, 51 anos de idade, buscou o Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha (FSG ­ Caxias do Sul ­ Rio Grande do Sul) com a necessidade de realizar tratamento endodôntico do elemento molar número 26. Após a avaliação inicial, foi realizada a endodontia. O elemento havia pouca sustentação das paredes vestibular e palatina, então foi proposto a colocação de pino intrarradicular seguido de coroa, entretanto, por questões financeiras a paciente não aceitou. Logo, foi proposto a técnica de transfixação horizontal de pino de fibra de vidro associado a uma restauração de resina composta de forma direta. O procedimento foi realizado em sessão única e foi utilizado um pino de fibra de vidro número 1 disposto transversalmente entre as paredes mesiopalatina e distovestibular. A restauração foi realizada com resina composta Filtek Z350, devolvendo estética e função ao elemento dentário. Pode-se concluir que a técnica de transfixação horizontal de pino de fibra de vidro associado à resina composta é uma alternativa restauradora que possibilita maior resistência aos dentes tratados endodonticamente, apresenta resultados funcionais e estéticos satisfatórios, além de possibilitar uma maior sobrevida aos mesmos(AU)

The purpose of this case report was to describe in detail the technique of horizontal transfixion of a fiberglass post into an endodontically treated tooth. Female patient, 51 years old, sought the University Center of Serra Gaúcha (FSG - Caxias do Sul ­ Rio Grande do Sul) with the need to perform the endodontic treatment of molar element number 26. After the initial evaluation, endodontics was performed. The element had little support for the buccal and palatal walls, so an intraradicular postplacement followed by a crown was proposed, for financial reasons the patient did not accept it. Therefore, the technique of horizontal transfixion of a fiberglass pin was proposed, associated with a restoration of direct composite resin. The procedure was performed in a single session and a number 1 fiberglass post was fixed crosswise between the mesiopalatal and distobuccal walls. The restoration was carried out with composite resin Filtek Z350, restoring aesthetics and function. It can be concluded that the horizontal transfixion of a fiberglass post associated with composite resin technique is a restorative alternative that allows greater resistance to endodontically treated teeth, provides satisfactory esthetics and better survival rates(AU)

A comparison of the physicochemical properties of AH Plus Jet with samples taken from the beginning, middle and final portions of the automix syringe system

Aim To evaluate physicochemical properties and semi-quantitative elemental analysis of AH Plus Jet with samples from the beginning, middle and final portions of the automix syringe system. Methodology Three experimental groups based on the source of the material used (beginning, middle and final portion) were established for each of the evaluated properties. Setting time, flow and radiopacity were evaluate following ANSI/ADA n. 57 specification. Set specimens was used in the semi-quantitative elemental analysis in an energy-dispersive X ray spectroscopy and scanning-electron microscopy (EDS/SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (P<0.05). Results Flow, setting time, solubility and EDS/SEM tests showed no significant differences among the three portions of the automix syringe (P>0.05). Radiopacity test showed significant differences in the beginning of the syringe comparing to the middle and final portions (P<0.05). EDS/SEM analysis identified the presence of C, O, Al, Ca, Zr and W. The element Al, however, was found only in the final portion of the syringe. Conclusions The results of AH Plus Jet suggested an adequate ratio of the components, without segregation between organic and inorganic components, since the results of setting time, flow, solubility and EDS/SEM analysis presented similar values regardless of the portion of the syringe from where the sealer was taken.

Application of cold flowable gutta-percha in root canal obturation after apexification / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical effect of root canal obturation therapy using cold flowable gutta-percha on young permanent teeth after apexification.@*METHODS@#Ninety cases of young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis or periapical periodontitis treated by apexification were randomly divided into two groups. The cases in each group were divided into single root canal and multiple root canal according to the number of the root canal, and divided into classifications Ⅰ, and Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ according to Frank's classification of root development after apexification. Cold flowable gutta-percha and warm gutta-percha obturation techniques were used for root canal obturation of the two groups. The operation time was recorded, and the patients' therapy pain degree was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after operation. Periapical X-ray was performed after operation to evaluate the effect of the root canal filling. The total length of the root was divided into equal three parts on the X-ray film, and three-dimensional tightness of the apical, middle, and coronal region of the root canals were statistically analyzed respectively. Clinical examinations and X-ray examination were performed 6 and 12 months after the operation to evaluate the treatment success rate.@*RESULTS@#The operation time of cold flowable gutta-percha group was significantly lower than that of the control group, which were 51 s and 74 s (P < 0.05); The percentages of pain and discomfort in the two groups were 26.67% and 40.00%, respectively. There were two cases of underfilling and no overfilling in both groups. The percentages of proper filling and tight three-dimensional obturation in the experimental and control groups were 71.11% and 60.00% respectively; and the percentages of tight three-dimensional obturation in the apical third areas were 86.67% and 66.67%, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the three-dimensional tightness between the two groups in the middle and coronal third areas. The percentages of tight three-dimensional obturation in classification Ⅰ groups were 86.67%, 83.33%, 93.33% and 76.67%, 90.00%, 96.67% in experimental and control group, respectively; The percentages of classification Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ groups were 86.67%, 86.67%, 100.00% and 46.67%, 86.67%, 100.00%, respectively, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). There were no apical lesions that occurred in either group during the one-year review period.@*CONCLUSION@#The application of cold flowable gutta-percha on young permanent teeth root canal obturation after apexification can achieve good obturation effect. The root obturation effect in the apical third area is significantly better than that of warm gutta-percha obturation techniques. Cold flowable gutta-percha can shorten the clinical treatment time and ameliorate the patients' therapy comfort.

Application status and prospect of single-cone obturation technique with bioceramic sealers / 中华口腔医学杂志

Compared with cold lateral condensation and continuous wave of condensation which are classically used in clinical, newly emerging single-cone obturation technique is easy-to-operate as well as time-saving. Especially when combined with bioceramic root canal sealers of improved physicochemical and biological properties, single-cone obturation technique showed satisfactory short-term outcomes in clinical observations. However, difficulties still exist in avoiding the root canal overfilling and in operating the retreatment. Besides, the long-term effects of single-cone obturation with bioceramic sealers still remain unclear. This article makes an overview on the history and development of single-cone obturation ,and provides analysis of its pros and corns. Furthermore, we would also like to summarize its clinical application and look into its future improvements.

Influência dos cimentos obturadores biocerâmicos versus o AH Plus® na dor pós-operatória, penetração em túbulos dentinários e atividade antimicrobiana: revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises / Influence of bioceramic root canal sealer versus AH Plus® on postoperative pain, penetration into dentinal tubules and antimicrobial activity: systematic reviews and meta-analyses

O objetivo desse estudo de revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises foi responder se os cimentos biocerâmicos resultam melhores efeitos para a dor pós operatória, capacidade em penetração em túbulos dentinários e atividade antimicrobiana em comparação ao cimento AH Plus®. Foram conduzidas duas revisões sistemáticas, orientadas pelas diretrizes PRISMA e foram registradas na PROSPERO (CRD4202125928) (Capítulo 1) e na Open Science Framework (OSF) Registries (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BX7VQ) (Capítulo 2). Uma pergunta foi feita com base na população, intervenção, comparação e resultado (PICO), Capítulo 1: "O uso dos cimentos biocerâmicos resulta em menos dor pós operatória em comparação ao uso do cimento AH Plus® em pacientes tratados endodonticamente?"; Capítulo 2: "Os cimentos obturadores biocerâmicos apresentam superioridade na penetração em túbulos dentinários e atividade antimicrobiana ao cimento obturador AH Plus®?". Foram definidas as estratégias de buscas e realizadas buscas nas bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, e OpenGrey. O Capítulo 1 utilizou a escala Cochrane para avaliar o risco de viés e a ferramenta GRADE para avaliar a qualidade das evidências. Enquanto, o Capítulo 2 utilizou a escala The Joanna Briggs para avaliar o risco de viés de estudos in vitro. As metaanálises foram conduzidas usando o "Meta" package, version 3.6.3, a diferença média (MD) medida de efeito foi calculada para variáveis quantitativas e odds ratio (OR) (Capítulo 1) e diferenças de médias padronizadas (SMD) (Capítulo 2), com um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Os resultados do Capítulo 1, foram incluídos 13 artigos na revisão sistemática, 11 foram incluídos na meta-análise. Para as variáveis quantitativas, o cimento biocerâmico apresentou menor ocorrência de dor pós-operatória do que o cimento AH Plus® em 24h (MD - 0,4101 [-0,80; -0,02], p = 0,0386) e 48h (MD -0,31 [-0,59; -0,03], p = 0,0295). Para as variáveis binárias, não houve diferença observada entre os cimentos avaliados: 24h (OR 1,12 [0,69; 1,80] p = 0,6476), 48h (OR 1,56 [0,76; 3,20] p = 0,2267), 72h (OR 1,38 [0,55; 3,45] p = 0,4893) e 7 dias (OR 2,10 [0,55; 8,01], p = 0,2790). Em relação à análise de risco de viés, observou-se baixo risco para a maioria dos domínios, exceto alocação que foi considerada pouco clara, enquanto a certeza da evidência variou de moderada a baixa. Os resultados do Capítulo 2, foram um total de 54 estudos foram incluídos, e 16 estudos foram incluídos na meta-análise. De modo geral, os estudos apresentaram baixo risco de viés. Não foi observado diferença estatística entre os cimentos avaliados para penetração em túbulos dentinários, independentemente dos terços: coronal SMD 0.58 [0.14; 1.31], p = 0.12; médio SMD 0.07 [0.54; 0.39], p = 0.75; e apical: SMD 0.08 [0.73; 0.56], p = 0.80. Os cimentos biocerâmicos e AH Plus® demonstraram similar ação antimicrobiana SMD [3.42; 5.32], p = 0.67 e SMD 0.67 [1.89; 0.55], p = 0.2825. Dessa forma, conclui-se que os cimentos biocerâmicos apresentam menor dor pós operatória nas primeiras 24 e 48 horas, e apresentam respostas similares para penetração em túbulos dentinários e atividade antimicrobiana quando comparado ao cimento AH Plus®(AU)

The aim of this study of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was to answer whether bioceramic sealers have better effects on postoperative pain, ability to penetrate dentinal tubules and antimicrobial activity compared to AH Plus® sealer. Two systematic reviews, guided by PRISMA guidelines, were conducted and registered in PROSPERO (CRD4202125928) (Chapter 1) and Open Science Framework (OSF) Registries (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BX7VQ) (Chapter 2). A question was asked based on population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO), Chapter 1: "Does the use of bioceramic sealers result in less postoperative pain compared to the use of AH Plus® sealer in endodontically treated patients?"; Chapter 2: "Do bioceramic filling sealers have superior penetration into dentinal tubules and antimicrobial activity compared to AH Plus® filling sealer?". Search strategies were defined and searches performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey. Chapter 1 used the Cochrane scale to assess the risk of bias and the GRADE tool to assess the quality of evidence. Meanwhile, Chapter 2 used The Joanna Briggs scale to assess the risk of bias from in vitro studies. Meta-analyses were conducted using the "Meta" package, version 3.6.3, the mean difference (MD) effect measure was calculated for quantitative variables and odds ratio (OR) (Chapter 1) and standardized mean differences (SMD) (Chapter 2), with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The results of Chapter 1 were included 13 articles in the systematic review, 11 were included in the meta-analysis. For quantitative variables, the bioceramic sealer had a lower occurrence of postoperative pain than the AH Plus® sealer in 24 hours (MD - 0.4101 [-0.80; - 0.02], p = 0.0386) and 48h (MD -0.31 [-0.59; -0.03], p = 0.0295). For the binary variables, there was no difference observed between the sealers evaluated: 24h (OR 1.12 [0.69; 1.80] p = 0.6476), 48h (OR 1.56 [0.76; 3.20] p = 0.2267), 72h (OR 1.38 [0.55; 3.45] p = 0.4893) and 7 days (OR 2.10 [0.55; 8.01], p = 0 .2790). Regarding the risk of bias analysis, a low risk was observed for most domains, except for allocation that was considered unclear, while the certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to low. The results of Chapter 2 were a total of 54 studies included, and 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the studies had a low risk of bias. There was no statistical difference between the sealers evaluated for penetration into dentinal tubules, regardless of the thirds: coronal SMD 0.58 [0.14; 1.31], p = 0.12; average SMD 0.07 [0.54; 0.39], p = 0.75; and apical: SMD 0.08 [0.73; 0.56], p = 0.80. Bioceramic sealers and AH Plus® demonstrated similar antimicrobial action to SMD [3.42; 5.32], p = 0.67 and SMD 0.67 [1.89; 0.55], p = 0.2825. Thus, it is concluded that bioceramic sealers have less postoperative pain in the first 24 and 48 hours, and have similar responses for penetration into dentinal tubules and antimicrobial activity when compared to AH Plus® sealer(AU)

Decoloración coronaria inducida por la utilización de Biodentine y MTA blanco en procedimientos de regeneración pulpar: estudio ex vivo / Coronal discoloration induced by the use of Biodentine and white MTA in pulp regeneration procedures: an ex-vivo study

Se comparó el grado de decoloración de la corona clínica en piezas dentarias anteriores humanas ex-traídas, sometidas a procedimientos de regeneración endodóntica, utilizando MTA blanco o sustituto bioac-tivo de la dentina (Biodentine) como barrera cervical, en presencia de coágulo sanguíneo como andamio. En total se prepararon 24 piezas dentarias anterio-res superiores humanas que fueron divididas en dos grupos control (GC) y dos grupos experimentales (GE). Cada uno incluía 6 piezas dentarias. En los GE se colo-có sangre humana fresca en el interior del conducto, y se confeccionó una barrera de Biodentine (GE3) o MTA (GE4). En los GC se colocó una torunda de algo-dón estéril saturada con solución fisiológica estéril, y se confeccionó una barrera de Biodentine (GC1) o MTA (GC2). El color se evaluó de acuerdo con el espa-cio de color CIE L* a* b* utilizando imágenes fotográfi-cas digitales estandarizadas en dos puntos de tiempo: día 0 (T0) y día 35 (T35). La descripción de los datos in-cluyó mediana (Md), primer cuartil (Q1), tercer cuartil (Q3), media y desviación estándar (DE). Se emplea-ron las pruebas de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon (RSW) y ANOVA de una vía; p < 0,05 fue considerado significativo. Cuando se comparó ∆E se observaron diferencias significativas entre GC1 y el resto de los materiales (p < 0,05). ∆E fue menor en GC1 (media ± DE; 2,1 ± 1,6) que en los grupos restantes que no pre-sentaron diferencias significativas entre sí. En base a estos resultados, la estabilización del coágulo san-guíneo, como así la limpieza de la cavidad previa a la colocación del Biodentine y el uso de barreras cervi-cales, es imprescindible para evitar la coloración de la corona clínica (AU)

Discoloration remains an unfavorable complication of otherwise successful regenerative endodontic procedure of immature teeth with necrotic pulp. Objective: Compare the degree of discoloration of extracted human teeth after regenerative endodontic procedures, using MTA or Biodentine as a cervical barrier with a blood clot as a scaffold. In total 24 human upper anterior teeth were prepared and divided into two control groups (CG) and two experimental groups (EG). In the EG, fresh human blood was placed inside the root and a Biodentine (GE3) or MTA (GE4) barrier was made in. A sterile cotton swab saturated with sterile physiological solution was placed in the GCs and a Biodentine (GC1) or MTA (GC2) barrier was made in. The color was evaluated according to the CIE L* a* b* color space using standardized digital photographic images at two time points: day 0 (T0) and day 35 (T35). The description of the data included median (Md), first quartile (Q1), third quartile (Q3), means, and standard deviation (SD). Wilcoxon signed rank tests (RSW) and one-way ANOVA were used. p < 0.05 was considered significant. When ∆E was compared, significant differences were observed between GC1 and the rest of the materials (p < 0.05). ∆E was lower in CG1 (mean ± SD; 2.1 ± 1.6) than in the remaining groups, which did not present significant differences between them. There was no significant difference between tooth discolorations with materials in the presence of blood. However, in the absence of blood, Biodentine exhibited less tooth discoloration than MTA (AU)

Effect of Chelating Agents on Push-Out Bond Strength of NeoMTA Plus to Root Canal Dentin

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate and compare the effect of 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), 9% Etidronic acid (HEDP), and 7% Maleic acid (MA) on the push-out bond strength of NeoMTA Plus sealer to the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of root canal dentin. Material and Methods Forty single-rooted human maxillary central incisors were selected and decoronated to 12 mm long root fragments. Working length was established and root canals were then enlarged up to rotary Protaper F3. After each instrumentation, the root canal was irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl. For the final irrigation regimen, the specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=10) and treated with EDTA, HEDP, MA or Saline. Root canals were coated with NeoMTA Plus sealer, and obturation was done with single cone obturation technique. Subsequently, three horizontal sections were taken from the coronal, middle and apical thirds of each specimen, and POBS was measured using a universal testing machine. The type of bond failures was assessed under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was done with One-way ANOVA with Tukey's Post hoc analysis. Results MA and EDTA showed the highest POBS. There was no significant difference in bond strength between MA and EDTA (p>0.05). HEDP and Saline showed lower POBS. Among all the four groups, the coronal third showed the highest values, followed by middle and apical thirds. Conclusion The type of chelating agent used during the root canal treatment significantly affects the bond strength of NeoMTA Plus to the root canal dentin.

Cytotoxicity of Reparative Endodontic Cements on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the cytotoxicity of commercial reparative endodontic cements on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Material and Methods The culture of hPDLSCs was established. Cell density was set at 2 × 104 cells/well in 96-well plates. Extracts of Biodentine, Bio-C Repair, Cimmo HD, MTA Repair HP and White MTA were prepared. Then, the extracts were diluted (pure, 1:4 and 1:16) and inserted into cell-seeded wells for 24, 48, and 72 h to assess cell viability through MTT assay. hPDLSCs incubated with culture medium alone served as a negative control group. Data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Results At 24 h, pure extract of MTA Repair HP and Biodentine 1:16 presented higher cell viability compared to control. Lower cell viability was found for pure extract of Cimmo HD, MTA Repair HP 1:4 and 1:16, and White MTA 1:16. At 48 h, pure extract of Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP presented higher cell viability compared to control. At 72 h, only the pure extract of MTA Repair HP led to higher cell proliferation compared to control. Conclusion Biodentine, Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP were able to induce hPDLSCs proliferation. Cimmo HD and White MTA were found to be mostly cytotoxic in hPDLSCs.

Avaliação de tampão apical em dentes bovinos permanentes jovens com hidróxido de cálcio e MTA: um estudo in vitro / Evaluation of apical plug in young permanent bovine teeth with calcium hydroxide and MTA: an in vitro study

O objetivo do presente estudo in vitro foi avaliar, por meio de radiografia digital, a qualidade de preenchimento dos canais de dentes incisivos bovinos permanentes jovens quando realizado tampão apical com hidróxido de cálcio e MTA associados a outros materiais e posteriormente obturados. Foram utilizados dentes incisivos permanentes bovinos com rizogênese incompleta preparados de forma manual com as limas tipo K, irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio 1% e soro fisiológico. Após, foram utilizados os materiais indicados para confecção do tampão apical: hidróxido de cálcio P.A associado ao propilenoglicol e ao iodofórmio; hidróxido de cálcio P.A juntamente com MTA e propilenoglicol e somente MTA, em seguida obturados com cones de guta percha e cimento AH Plus e radiografados para avaliação. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e Teste exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados obtidos não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os três grupos, sendo que o valor resultado foi de p=0,442, porém o grupo composto pelo cimento de hidróxido de cálcio P.A associado ao MTA e propilenoglicol apresentou uma qualidade de preenchimento boa (100 %) em relação aos outros cimentos avaliados, que se mostraram satisfatório (40%) e bom (60%) no procedimento de apicificação. Não houve diferença significativa de qualidade de preenchimento de tampão apical nos grupos, no entanto o grupo composto pelo hidróxido de cálcio P.A. associado ao MTA e propilenoglicol apresentou resultado superior(AU)

The objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate, through digital radiography, the quality of filling in the young permanent bovine incisor teeth canals when the apical buffer was performed with calcium hydroxide and MTA associated with other materials and subsequently filled. Permanent bovine incisor teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis were prepared manually with K files type, irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite and saline. Afterwards, the materials indicated for making the apical buffer were used: calcium hydroxide P.A associated with propylene glycol and iodoform; calcium hydroxide P.A together with MTA and propylene glycol and only MTA, then filled with gutta-percha cones and AH Plus cement and radiographed for evaluation. The data were submitted to the Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test with a significance level of 5%, once the result value was p=0,442. The results obtained showed no statistically significant difference between the three groups, the result being p=0,442, however the group composed of calcium hydroxideP.A. cement associated with MTA and propylene glycol showed a good filling quality (100%) in relation to the other evaluated cements, which were satisfactory (40%) and good (60%) in apexification procedure. There was no significant difference in quality of plug apical filling in the groups, however the group composed of calcium hydroxide P.A cement associated with MTA and propylene glycol showed a superior result(AU)

Retreatment of mesial roots of mandibular molars filled with resin-based and bioceramic sealers

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate, by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, the remaining filling material during endodontic retreatment performed with Protaper retreatment without solvent. Methods: Forty mandibular molars were divided into two groups (n = 20) according to the sealer used in the obturation: the bioceramic TotalFill BC (TF) or the resin-based AH Plus (AHP). The specimens were scanned before instrumentation, after obturation and after filling removal. Only the mesial roots were analysed. The filling volumes and the remaining filling material were calculated in the entire root canal and in the cervical, middle and apical thirds. Results: The volume of obturation and the volume of remaining filling material in the entire root canal and in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of the canal between the groups were not statistically different (independent t-test, p > 0.05). In the AHP group, there was a higher percentage of remaining filling material in the middle third than in the cervical third (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The filling material could not be entirely removed from any specimen

Physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide pastes in association with other compounds

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the pH, Ca2+ release, solubility, and antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) pastes in association with different substances. Methods: Sixty acrylic teeth (n=10) were filled with pastes that associated Ca(OH)2 with the following substances: benzalkonium chloride 5% (G1) and 50% (G2) both in propylene glycol, arnica glycolic extract (G3), green tea glycolic extract (G4), Calen/PMCC™ (G5), and Calen™ (G6). In the group G1 to G4 were used 1g of Ca(OH)2 powder with 0,8g of vehicle. pH and Ca2+ release was measured after 7, 15, and 30 days. For solubility, micro-CT was used immediately and at the periods of 7, 15, and 30 days. For the antimicrobial analysis, a biofilm of E. faecalis was induced in vitro on bovine dentin discs. Live/dead viability dye and confocal scanning microscopy were used. Results: The highest pH values occurred on the first 7 days, and the G6, G1, G3, and G5 presented the highest pH values at this period (P <0.05). Ca2+ release was higher in all groups at 7 days, with the highest values observed in G1, G5, and G6. The volume of all pastes showed no significant difference in the intragroup analysis at 7 and 15 days (P <0.05). G1 and G2 showed the highest antimicrobial action (P <0.05). For the biovolume, there was difference between the G6 and the other groups (P >0.05) with G1 presenting the lowest values. Conclusion: Benzalkonium chloride 5% increases the antimicrobial action of the Ca(OH2), without impairs physicochemical properties

A comparative evaluation of the sealing ability of two calcium silicate based sealers and a resin epoxy-based sealer through scanning electron microscopy and bond strength: an in vitro study

Aim: this study aimed to compare the sealing ability of two types of commercially available calcium silicate bioceramic based root canal sealers and a resin based root canal sealer. Methods: Twenty one single-rooted teeth were used, samples (n= 21) were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used (group A; ADSEAL, group B; Wellroot, group C; Ceraseal). Roots were then cleaved longitudinally in the labiolingual direction; all samples were then sectioned at three, six, and nine mm from the root tip. The penetration of sealers into the dentinal tubules was examined at 1000x with a scanning electron microscope. Data were tested for normality using Shapiro Wilk test. ANOVA test was used for analyzing normally distributed data followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for pair-wise comparison. Significance level p≤0.001. Results: groups B and C showed better sealing ability than group A in all the three sections. The coronal section showed higher sealing ability than the middle section followed by the apical section in the three tested groups. Conclusion: it can be concluded that both calcium silicate-based sealers had better sealing ability and higher bond strength than the resin epoxy- based sealer

Avaliação da desinfecção dos cones de guta percha utilizando diferentes produtos químicos: revisão de literatura / Evaluation of the disinfection of guta percha cones using different chemicals: literature review

Introdução: Os cones de guta percha são utilizados para obturação de canais radiculares, entretanto a desinfecção desses cones deve ser realizada previamente à obturação, evitando uma contaminação, uma vez que com o manuseio diário na clínica, pode ocorrer a proliferação de microrganismos. Objetivo: Relatar através de uma revisão de literatura a importância da desinfecção de cones de guta percha previamente á obturação dos canais radiculares, com diferentes soluções desinfetantes utilizadas na odontologia. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca em artigos de revisão de literatura nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs com diferentes anos de publicação, mas todos com enfoque principal no tema de desinfecção de cones de guta percha com diferentes soluções químicas. Foram utilizados os descritores guta percha, desinfecção, soluções químicas. Conclusão: Medidas de prevenção devem ser empregadas durante o atendimento odontológico, em especial durante a obturação dos canais radiculares, sendo a desinfecção dos cones de guta percha essencial(AU)

Introduction: Gutta percha points are used to fill root canals, however its disinfection must be performed prior to filling, avoiding contamination, since with daily handling in the proliferation of microorganisms can occur. Objective: To report through a literature review the importance of disinfecting gutta percha points prior to root canal filling, with different disinfectant solutions used in dentistry. Methodology: A search for literature review articles was carried out in the Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs databases with different years of publications, but all with a main focus on the topic of disinfection of gutta-percha points with different chemical solutions. The keywords gutta percha, disinfection, chemical solutions were used. Conclusion: Preventive measures must be used during dental care, especially during root canal filling, with the disinfection of gutta percha points being an essential(AU)

Comparação de diferentes técnicas e pastas obturadoras em pulpectomias de dentes decíduos bovinos: estudo in vitro / Comparison of different techniques and obtaining paste in bovine decidual teeth pulpectomies: in vitro study

A manutenção dos dentes decíduos na cavidade bucal até o período de sua esfoliação fisiológica é de extrema importância. A terapia endodôntica é um tratamento indicado quando a saúde do tecido pulpar é comprometida e diversas técnicas e materiais podem ser empregados para realizar a obturação de canais radiculares. O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi comparar a qualidade do preenchimento dos canais radiculares utilizando diferentes técnicas de obturação e pastas obturadoras em dentes decíduos bovinos submetidos à pulpectomia. Foram selecionados 30 incisivos decíduos bovinos, e preparados através da técnica manual com posterior obturação dos canais radiculares por meio de duas técnicas e três pastas obturadoras. Os dentes foram divididos em 6 grupos (n= 5/ grupo) da seguinte forma: GI ­ Técnica manual e pasta de Hidróxido de Cálcio PA espessada com Óxido de Zinco; GII ­ Técnica manual e pasta Guedes-Pinto Modificada; GIII ­ Técnica manual e pasta Feapex®; GIV ­ Técnica com auxílio da lentulo e pasta de Hidróxido de Cálcio PA espessada com Óxido de Zinco; GV ­ Técnica com auxílio da lentulo e pasta Guedes-Pinto Modificada; GVI ­ Técnica com auxílio da lentulo e pasta Feapex®. Foram realizadas as radiografias digitais para verificar a qualidade do preenchimento dos canais radiculares. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram diferenças significativas na qualidade do preenchimento dos canais radiculares entre os grupos de dentes decíduos bovinos obturados. Considerando os resultados obtidos e a metodologia empregada, pode-se concluir que existe diferença entre as técnicas de obturação e pastas obturadoras(AU)

Maintaining primary teeth in the oral cavity until the period of their physiological exfoliation is extremely important. An endodontic therapy is a treatment indicated when the health of the pulp tissue is compromised and several techniques and materials can be used to perform root canal filling. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the quality of root canal filling using different filling techniques and filling masses in primary bovine teeth implanted under pulpectomy. Thirty bovine primary incisors were selected and prepared using the manual technique with subsequente filling of the root canals using two techniques and three filling materials. The teeth were divided into 6 groups (n= 5 / group) as follows: GI - Technical Manual and Calcium Hydroxide Mass PA thickened with Zinc Oxide; GII - Manual technique and modified Guedes-Pinto pasta; GIII - Manual technique and Feapex® paste; GIV - Technique with the aid of lentulo and mass of Calcium Hydroxide PA thickened with Zinc Oxide; GV ­ Technique with the aid of lentulo and modified Guedes-Pinto mass; GVI - Technique with the aid of lentulo and Feapex® mass. Digital radiographs were taken to check the quality of the filling of the root canals. The resulting results dissipated in the quality of filling the root canals between the groups of primary bovine teeth filled. Know the results obtained and the methodology used, it can be concluded that there is a difference between filling techniques and filling masses(AU)