ABSTRACT
Introducción: La educación sexual es uno de los pilares básicos del desarrollo humano por cuanto potencia la autonomía de las personas y el desarrollo de una sexualidad plena. Objetivo: Este estudio buscó describir la percepción respecto a la educación sexual de adolescentes de dos establecimientos educacionales de Talcahuano, Chile. Método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal de carácter descriptivo con 309 estudiantes de dos colegios ubicados en la Comuna de Talcahuano, región del Bío-Bío, Chile. Se aplicó de forma presencial un cuestionario de autorreporte. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software IBM Statistics SPSS v.22. Resultados: El 61,8% reportó recibir educación sexual en su establecimiento y casi la totalidad consideró necesario aprender sobre ello. Un 52,7% refirió que sus establecimientos generaban instancias para hablar de sexualidad. En relación con las temáticas que deberían ser incluidas en la educación sexual, «Valores, respeto, ética», «Anticonceptivos y prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual» y «Amor y afectividad» fueron las más preferidas. Conclusión: Pese a la existencia de instancias de educación sexual en los establecimientos educacionales y a la transversal opinión de que es necesario aprender sobre este tema, existe una baja percepción respecto a su suficiencia.
Introduction: Sex education is one of the basic pillars of human development because it enhances people's autonomy and the development of full sexuality. Objective: This study sought to describe the perception regarding sex education of adolescents from two educational establishments in Talcahuano, Chile. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 309 students from two schools located in the Talcahuano Commune, Bío-Bío region, Chile. A self-report questionnaire was applied in person. Data were analyzed using IBM Statistics SPSS v.22 software. Results: 61.8% reported receiving sex education in their establishment and almost all considered it necessary to learn about it. 52.7% reported that their establishments generated instances to talk about sexuality. In relation to the topics that should be included in sex education, "Values, respect, ethics", "Contraceptives and prevention of sexually transmitted infections" and "Love and affectivity" were the most preferred. Conclusion: Despite the existence of instances of sex education in educational establishments, and the transversal opinion that it is necessary to learn about this subject, there is a low perception regarding its adequacy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Perception , Psychology, Adolescent , Sexual Behavior , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adolescent Behavior , Contraception Behavior , Self ReportABSTRACT
Valores são aspectos fundamentais da psicologia humana, sendo permeados pela forma como os indivíduos se veem e aspiram ser. Este estudo objetivou avaliar associações entre valores humanos e crença em informações enganosas sobre a COVID-19 no Brasil. Participaram 238 sujeitos, que responderam a três instrumentos de autorrelato: Questionário de Atitudes Frente ao Coronavírus, Questionário de Consumo de Informações e a Escala de Valores Pessoais - PQV-21. Evidenciou-se correlações estatisticamente significativas entre os valores de Tradição e crença em informações enganosas. Assim, quando as prioridades axiológicas envolvem a manutenção do status quo, as informações consumidas tendem a ser aquelas que negam ou minimizam a gravidade da doença. Aqueles que priorizam valores coletivistas, por outro lado, tendem a maior adesão a medidas preventivas e de controle. Ressalta-se a importância do desenvolvimento de estratégias assertivas na comunicação e orientação em saúde pública alinhadas ao estudo dos valores humanos.(AU)
Values are fundamental aspects of human psychology, permeated by the way individuals see themselves and aspire to be. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between human values and the belief in misleading information about COVID-19 in Brazil. A total of 238 participants completed three self-reporting questionnaires: one on Attitudes towards Coronavirus, another on Information Consumption, and the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PQV-21). The study revealed statistically significant correlations between the value of Tradition and the tendency to believe in misleading information. This suggests that individuals who prioritize maintaining the status quo are more likely to consume information that denies or mitigates the severity of the disease. Conversely, those who prioritize collectivist values tend to be more inclined to follow preventive and control measures. The study highlights the importance of developing assertive public health communication and guidance strategies, taking into account the influence of human values.(AU)
Los valores son aspectos fundamentales de la psicología humana, moldeados por la forma en que los individuos se ven a sí mismos y aspiran a ser. Este estudio pretendió evaluar las asociaciones entre valores humanos y creencia en información engaños sobre la COVID-19 en Brasil. Participaron 238 sujetos, que respondieron a tres instrumentos de autorregistro: el Cuestionario de Actitudes Frente al Coronavirus, el Cuestionario de Consumo de Informaciones y Escala de Valores Personales (PQV-21). Se evidenciaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de Tradición y creencia en información engaños. Así, cuando las prioridades axiológicas involucran la preservación del status quo, la información consumida tiende a ser aquella que niega o minimiza la gravedad de la enfermedad. Por otro lado, aquellos que priorizan valores colectivistas tienden a mayor adhesión a medidas preventivas y de control. Se resalta la importancia del desarrollo de estrategias asertivas en la comunicación y orientación en salud pública, en consonancia con el estudio de los valores humanos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , COVID-19 , Disinformation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Self Report , Correlation of Data , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
A Escala RASH (relação, autonomia, separação e heteronomia) foi desenvolvida para investigar padrões de self em estudos transculturais. No presente estudo, foi realizada uma análise fatorial da escala RASH em amostras brasileiras e norte-americanas, com o objetivo de fornecer uma medida de quatro fatores com bons índices de ajuste. Buscou-se confirmar o padrão de self autônomo-relacionado nas duas amostras e também a relação entre o nível de escolaridade dos pais e tipos de valores que desejam para seus filhos. Coletou-se dados de 756 participantes (EUA, n = 519, Brasil, n = 237), pais ou responsáveis por alunos de 7 a 14 anos. Foram realizadas análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, medidas de invariância e estatísticas básicas como média, desvio padrão e correlação. Os resultados corroboram uma estrutura de quatro fatores do instrumento e os padrões autorrelatados nas duas culturas. O instrumento pode auxiliar em pesquisas transculturais sobre o desenvolvimento de valores e captar diferenças entre culturas.(AU)
The RASH scale (which stands for relation, autonomy, separation, and heteronomy) was developed to investigate patterns of self in cross-cultural studies. In the present study, a factor analysis of the RASH scale was conducted in Brazilian and North American samples, with the aim of providing a four-factor measure with good fit indices. The aim was to confirm the pattern of autonomous-relational self in the two samples and also the relationship among the parents' level of education and the types of values they want for their children. We collected data from 756 participants (n = 519, USA; n = 237, Brazil), parents or guardians of students aged 7 to 14 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, invariance measures and basic statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and correlation were performed. The results confirmed the four-factor structure of the instrument and self-reported patterns in the two cultures. The instrument can help in cross-cultural research on the development of values and capture differences between cultures.(AU)
La escala RASH (relación, autonomía, separación y heteronomía) se desarrolló para investigar patrones del self en estudios transculturales. En el presente estudio, se realizó una validación de la escala RASH en muestras brasileñas y norteamericanas, con el objetivo de proporcionar una medida de cuatro factores con buenos índices de ajuste. Se buscó confirmar el patrón de self autónomo-relacionado en ambas muestras, así como la relación entre el nivel educativo de los padres y los tipos de valores que desean para sus hijos. Se recopilaron datos de 756 participantes (n = 519 en EE. UU.; N = 237 en Brasil), padres o tutores de estudiantes de 7 a 14 años. Se llevaron a cabo análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, seguidos de medidas de invarianza y cálculos de estadísticas básicas como media, desviación estándar y correlación. Los resultados respaldaron la estructura de cuatro factores del instrumento y los patrones autoinformados en ambas culturas. El instrumento puede ser útil para investigaciones interculturales sobre el desarrollo de valores y para capturar las diferencias entre culturas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Social Values , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Moral Development , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Cultural Diversity , Self Report , Correlation of Data , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
O suporte do supervisor à família conceitua-se como comportamentos dos supervisores voltados a apoiar os papéis familiares dos funcionários. O presente estudo objetivou obter evidências de validade da Medida de Comportamento Suporte do Supervisor à Família, nas versões abrangente e reduzida, em amostras brasileiras. Participaram desta pesquisa 503 trabalhadores, de ambos os sexos. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que a versão abrangente ficou composta por 14 itens, divididos em quatro fatores de primeira ordem (emocional, instrumental, modelo de papéis e gestão criativa) e um fator de segunda ordem. A versão reduzida unifatorial compôs-se por quatro itens. Ambas as versões apresentaram bons índices de consistência interna. Os instrumentos correlacionaram-se positivamente com o enriquecimento trabalho-família, suporte do supervisor e satisfação no trabalho, e negativamente com o conflito trabalho-família e intenção de rotatividade. Concluiu-se que os instrumentos apresentaram propriedades psicométricas que recomendam seu uso em investigações futuras.(AU)
The concept of a family-supportive supervisor refers to supervisors' behaviors aimed at supporting employees' family roles. This study aimed to obtain evidence of validity of the Measure of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors, both in its comprehensive and abbreviated versions, using Brazilian samples. A total of 503 workers of both sexes participated in this research. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the comprehensive version consisted of 14 items, grouped into four first-order factors (emotional, instrumental, role model and creative management), all contributing to a second-order factor. The unifactorial reduced version consisted of four items. Both versions showed good internal consistency indices. The instruments exhibited positive correlations with work-family enrichment, supervisor support, and job satisfaction while demonstrating negative correlations with work-family conflict and turnover intention. It was concluded that the instruments presented psychometric properties that recommend their use in future research.(AU)
El apoyo del supervisor a la familia se define a las acciones de los supervisores dirigidos para respaldar los roles familiares de los empleados. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener evidencias de validez de la Medida del Comportamiento de Apoyo del Supervisor a la Familia, en las versiones extensa y breve, en muestras brasileñas. En esta investigación participaron 503 trabajadores de ambos sexos. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios revelaron que la versión extensa quedó compuesta por 14 ítems, divididos en cuatro factores de primer orden (emocional, instrumental, modelo a seguir y gestión creativa) y un factor de segundo orden. La versión breve unifactorial constaba de cuatro ítems. Ambas versiones mostraron buenos índices de consistencia interna. Los instrumentos se correlacionaron positivamente con el enriquecimiento trabajo-familia, el apoyo del supervisor y la satisfacción laboral, y negativamente con el conflicto trabajo-familia y la intención de rotación. Se concluye que los instrumentos presentan propiedades psicométricas que respaldan su uso en futuras investigaciones.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Personnel Management , Social Support , Family/psychology , Work-Life Balance , Psychometrics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Conflict, Psychological , Self Report , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a concordância entre agravos bucais autorreferidos durante e após a COVID-19 e condições clínicas de pacientes do município de Palhoça-SC. Materiais e Método: Estudo exploratório, transversal de base quantitativa descritiva com 30 participantes que possuíram testagem positiva para COVID-19 no município de Palhoça-SC. Cada paciente participou de uma avaliação clínica, identificando os agravos bucais, nessa mesma oportunidade, foram registrados dados sociodemográficos e condições bucais autorreferidas. Todas as análises foram conduzidas pelo Software Stata® versão 13. Análises descritivas, inferenciais pelo teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson (α=5%). Concordância entre presença dos agravos bucais autorreferidos e presença do agravo avaliado clinicamente, pelo coeficiente Kappa e classificadas como: fraca 0 a 0,20; razoável 0,41 a 0,60; boa 0,61 a 0,80; muito boa 0,81 a 0,92; e excelente 0,93 a 1,00. Resultados: A maioria da amostra foram de mulheres (70%), com idade entre 36-59 anos (56,6%) e de baixa renda (70%). Houve concordância boa entre presença de cárie e relato de dor (Kappa=0,70), e para o diagnóstico clínico de sangramento gengival e autopercepção ruim/péssima a classificação também foi boa (Kappa=0,72). Todavia, a concordância entre o relato de sintomas de boca seca e baixo fluxo salivar foi considerada razoável (Kappa=0,57), assim como, para a presença de bolsa periodontal e o relato de autopercepção ruim/péssima (Kappa=0,41). Conclusão: A autopercepção das condições de saúde bucal durante a pandemia foi concordante com determinadas condições clínicas que necessitam de atendimento odontológico, corrobando com as preocupações sobre o agravamento das condições bucais durante a pandemia.(AU)
Aim: To identify the concordance between self-reported oral health problems during and after COVID-19 and clinical conditions of patients in the city of Palhoça-SC. Materials and Method: Exploratory, cross-sectional study with a descriptive quantitative base, formatted by 30 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 in the municipality of Palhoça-SC. Each patient participated in a clinical evaluation, identifying oral health problems. At the same time, sociodemographic data and self-reported oral conditions were recorded. All analyzes were performed using the Stata® Software, version 13. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed using Pearson's chi-square test (α=5%). Agreement between the presence of self-reported oral health problems and the presence of the clinically evaluated disease, by the Kappa coefficient and classified as: weak 0 to 0.20; take 0.21 to 0.40; reasonable 0.41 to 0.60; good 0.61 to 0.80; very good 0.81 to 0.92; and excellent 0.93 to 1.00. Results: Most of the sample were women (70%), aged between 36-59 years (56.6%) and low-income (70%). There was good agreement between the presence of caries and reported pain (Kappa=0.70), and for the clinical diagnosis of gingival bleeding and bad/very poor self-perception, the classification was also good (Kappa=0.72). However, the agreement between the report of symptoms of dry mouth and low salivary flow was considered reasonable (Kappa=0.57), as well as the presence of periodontal pockets and the report of poor/terrible self-perception (Kappa=0.41). Conclusion: The self-perception of oral health conditions during the pandemic was consistent with certain clinical conditions that require dental care, corroborating concerns about the worsening of oral conditions during the pandemic.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Self Report , COVID-19/epidemiology , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Oral Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Mouth Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
El cuestionario de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas (ECR) es un instrumento de auto-reporte ampliamente utilizado para evaluar el apego en la adultez, a partir de dos dimensiones: la ansiedad y la evitación asociadas al apego. Este instrumento ha sido adaptado en múltiples contextos, incluyendo el chileno, del cual existe una versión abreviada (ECR-12), objeto de análisis del presente estudio. Si bien existe consenso en que la seguridad en el apego es mejor descrita en términos dimensionales, hay ámbitos, como en la práctica clínica donde contar con valores de referencia podría ser de utilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es proveer valores de referencia para la interpretación de los valores del ECR-12 en el contexto chileno. Para ello, una muestra de 6779 participantes respondió el ECR-12. Se utilizó el método de puntuación z con normalización para obtener los valores de referencia. Los análisis realizados evidenciaron la necesidad de construir baremos diferenciados por edad. Así, para el grupo de 29 años o menos, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.4 puntos, y para la evitación, el punto de corte es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.5. En cambio, para el grupo de 30 años o más, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.2, y para la evitación, es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.9. Estos hallazgos pueden ser relevantes no sólo para identificar a personas que puedan presentar niveles sustancialmente altos de ansiedad y/o evitación en el apego, sino, también puede constituirse como una herramienta clínica complementaria en contextos terapéuticos.
The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire is a widely used self-report measure to assess adult attachment, based on two dimensions: attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. This instrument has been adapted in multiple contexts, including the Chilean, for which there is an abbreviated version (ECR-12), that is the object of analysis in the present study. Although there is consensus that attachment security is best described in dimensional terms, there are areas, such as clinical practice, where having reference values could be useful. The aim of this study is to provide reference values for the interpretation of ECR-12 scores in the Chilean context. To do this, a sample of 6779 participants was evaluated using the ECR-12. The z-score normalization method was used to obtain the reference values. The analyzes carried out showed the need to build scales differentiated by age. Thus, for the group of 29 years or less, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.4 points, and for avoidance, the cut-off point is an average equal to or greater than 2.5. On the other hand, for the group aged 30 or older, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.2, and for avoidance, it is an average equal to or greater than 2.9. These findings can be relevant not only for identifying people who may present substantially high levels of anxiety and/or avoidance in attachment, but also as a complementary clinical tool in therapeutic contexts.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Object Attachment , Reference Values , Chile , Sex Factors , Analysis of Variance , Self Report , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Conocer la ocurrencia de periodontitis a partir de un cuestionario de auto-reporte en una población de diabéticos en Montevideo, Uruguay. Materiales y métodos: Fueron invitados los participantes del 1er Encuentro de Diabetes en Uruguay, con diagnóstico de diabetes según auto-reporte, con al menos 18 años de edad y que firmaron el consentimiento informado. En todos los casos, fue aplicado un cuestionario con ocho preguntas previamente validadas al español de forma de estimar la ocurrencia de la Periodontits además de identificar indicadores asociados. Resultados: Un total de 37 personas respondieron el cuestionario suministrado, en su mayoría correspondientes al sexo femenino y de 45 años de edad promedio. La ocurrencia de periodontits fue del 68% de los encuestados, no existiendo diferencias significativas para el tipo de diabetes y las franjas etarias consideradas. Sin embargo las personas que presentaban periodontits tuvieron menos dientes naturales (según auto-reporte) al ser comparados con quienes no tenían periodontitis (27.5 vs. 20.4, p=0.01). Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio permiten apreciar una condición oral deficitaria en aquellos diabéticos con periodontitis auto-reportada debido a la ocurrencia elevada de la misma así como la menor cantidad de dientes naturales.
Objective: To determine the occurrence of periodontitis from a self-report questionnaire in a population of diabetics in Montevideo, Uruguay. Materials and methods: Participants of the 1st Diabetes Meeting in Uruguay, with a diagnosis of diabetes according to self-report, with at least 18 years of age and signed the informed consent, were invited. In all cases, a questionnaire with eight questions previously validated in Spanish was applied in order to estimate the occurrence of Periodontits in addition to identifying associated indicators. Results: A total of 37 people answered the supplied questionnaire, mostly corresponding to the female sex and an average age of 45 years. The occurrence of periodontitis was 68%, with no significant differences for the type of diabetes and the age groups considered. However, people with periodontitis had fewer natural teeth (according to self-report) when compared to those who did not have periodontitis (27.5 vs. 20.4, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The results of the study allow us to appreciate a poor oral condition in those diabetics with self-reported periodontitis due to its high occurrence as well as the lower number of natural teeth.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Periodontitis , Diabetes Mellitus , Self Report , Uruguay , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa adaptou e analisou as evidências de validade da versão simplificada do Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI-s) para o português. Participaram 160 estudantes do ensino médio. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Impulso, Autodano e Ideação Suicida na Adolescência (QIAIS-A) e a versão traduzida do DSHI-s (nomeado como Inventário de Autolesão Deliberada - reduzido - IAD-r). A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio dos softwares SPSS e Factor. O resultado da análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura final para o IAD-r composta por 15 itens distribuídos em um fator e a escala apresentou boa consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach=0,95; ômega de McDonald=0,95). Constataram-se, também, evidências de validade convergente do IAD-r com o QIAIS-A (índice de correlação=0,775; p<0,001). Portanto, os presentes achados demonstraram evidências de validade do IAD-r, pois foram obtidas características psicométricas satisfatórias para mensuração de comportamentos autolesivos em adolescentes. (AU)
This research adapted to Portuguese and analyzed the validity evidence of the simplified version of the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI-s). Participants included 160 high school students. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Questionnaire of Impulse, Self-harm and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescence (QIAIS-A), and the translated version of the DSHI-s (Deliberate Self-Injury Inventory - reduced - IAD-r) were applied. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Factor. The result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a final structure for the IAD-r composed of 15 items and one factor, and the scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha=.95; McDonald's Omega=.95). There was also evidence of convergent validity of the IAD-r with the QIAIS-A (correlation index=.775; p<.001). Therefore, the current findings allow attesting that the IAD-r showed satisfactory validity evidence for measuring self-injurious behaviors in adolescents. (AU)
Esta investigación adaptó y analizó evidencias de validez de la versión simplificada del Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI-s) para portugués. Participaron 160 estudiantes de secundaria. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Cuestionario de Impulso, Autolesiones e Ideación Suicida en la Adolescencia (QIAIS-A) y la versión traducida del DSHI-s (denominado Inventario de Autolesiones Deliberadas - reducido - IAD-r). El análisis de los datos se realizó con el software SPSS y Factor. El resultado del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio indicó una estructura final para el IAD-r con 15 ítems distribuidos en un factor, y la escala mostró una buena consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach=0,95; Omega de McDonald's=0,95). También hubo evidencias de validez convergente del IAD-r con el QIAIS-A (índice de correlación=0,775; p<0,001). Por lo tanto, los presentes hallazgos demuestran evidencias de la validez del IAD-r, ya que se obtuvieron características psicométricas satisfactorias para medir conductas autolesivas en adolescentes. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Psychometrics , Students , Translating , Behavioral Medicine , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Education, Primary and Secondary , Self Report , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) assesses personality through the big five factor model model (FFM). This study aimed to verify whether the internal structure of the BFI-2 is corroborated in a Brazilian sample. Participants were 908 cisgender adults, aged between 17 and 93 years, 532 of whom were women. Confirmatory factor analysis and Exploratory structural equation modeling were performed with the BFI-2. The 15 facets of personality resulted in adequate fit and reliability, mainly for the respondents under 60 years of age. We conclude that the BFI-2 presents evidence of preliminary validity based on its internal structure, although further validity studies are required with the instrument, to testify its psychometric quality. (AU)
O Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) avalia a personalidade no modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores (CGF). O presente estudo objetivou verificar se a estrutura interna do BFI-2 é corroborada em uma amostra brasileira. Participaram 908 adultos cisgênero, com idades entre 17 e 93 anos, sendo 532 mulheres. Análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais exploratórias foram conduzidas no BFI-2. As 15 facetas de personalidade do BFI-2 resultaram em índices de ajuste adequados, principalmente para os respondentes com idade até 60 anos. Conclui-se que o BFI-2 apresenta evidência inicial de validade baseada em sua estrutura interna, apesar de que novos estudos de validade devem ser conduzidos com o instrumento, com o objetivo de atestar sua qualidade psicométrica. (AU)
El Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) evalúa la personalidad según el modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores (CGF). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar si la estructura interna del BFI-2 se corrobora en una muestra brasileña. Participaron 908 adultos cisgénero, de entre 17 y 93 años, de los cuales 532 eran mujeres. Se realizó un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio y un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales Exploratorio sobre el BFI-2. Las 15 facetas de personalidad del BFI-2 dieron lugar a índices de ajuste adecuados, especialmente para los encuestados de hasta 60 años. Se concluye que el BFI-2 presenta evidencias iniciales de validez basadas en su estructura interna, aunque se deben ejecutar más estudios de validez con el instrumento para atestiguar su calidad psicométrica. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Personality , Personality Tests , Psychometrics , Likelihood Functions , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Age Distribution , Self Report , Latent Class Analysis , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivos adaptar o Questionário de Credibilidade/Expectativa (QCE) (Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire-CEQ) para o contexto brasileiro, avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas e apresentar as relações entre a credibilidade-expectativa do tratamento e variáveis sociodemográficas da amostra. Participaram 217 adultos, que declararam realizar acompanhamento psicológico, recrutados por meio de mídias sociais. Utilizou-se o QCE, o Teste de Orientação da Vida e um questionário sociodemográfico. O resultado da análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura unidimensional para o QCE. A fim de evitar duplicidade de medida e prezar pela parcimônia, dois itens foram excluídos da versão final, fazendo com que o instrumento em português brasileiro seja composto por 4 itens. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,87 e os índices de ajuste do modelo foram satisfatórios. Observou-se associação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre o QCE e o TOV-R. Concluiu-se que o QCE apresentou características psicométricas apropriadas para uso em amostras brasileiras. (AU)
This study aimed to adapt the Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) to the Brazilian context, evaluate its psychometric properties, and present the relationships between the credibility-expectation of the treatment and the sociodemographic variables of the sample. Participants included 217 adults, who declared to be were undergoing psychological counseling and were recruited via social media. The CEQ, the Life Orientation Test, and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. The result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a one-dimensional structure for the CEQ. To avoid duplication of measurement and for practical purposes, two items were excluded from the final version, therefore the instrument was composed of 4 items in the Brazilian Portuguese version. Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 and the model fit indices were satisfactory. There was a positive and statistically significant association between the CEQ and the LOT-R. We concluded that the CEQ showed appropriate psychometric characteristics for use in Brazilian samples. (AU)
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar el Cuestionario de Credibilidad/Expectativa (CCE) (Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire-CEQ) para el contexto brasileño, evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas y presentar las relaciones entre la credibilidad-expectativa del tratamiento y las variables sociodemográficas de la muestra Participaron 217 adultos que declararon estar en seguimiento psicológico, reclutados a través de las redes sociales. Se utilizaron el CCE, el Test de Orientación Vital y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. El resultado del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio indicó una estructura unidimensional para el CCE. Para evitar la duplicidad de medidas y preservar la parsimonia, dos ítems fueron excluidos de la versión final, con lo que el instrumento en portugués brasileño quedó compuesto por 4 ítems. El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,87 y los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron satisfactorios. Se observó una asociación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre CCE y TOV-R. Se concluyó que el CCE presenta características psicométricas apropiadas para su uso en muestras brasileñas. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Trust/psychology , Motivation , Psychometrics , Psychotherapy , Translating , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Statistics, Nonparametric , Self Report , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION@#Studies of concordance between patients' self-report of diseases and a criterion standard (e.g. chart review) are usually conducted in epidemiological studies to evaluate the agreement of self-reported data for use in public health research. To our knowledge, there are no published studies on concordance for highly prevalent chronic diseases such as diabetes and pre-diabetes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the concordance between patients' self-report and their medical records of diabetes and pre-diabetes diagnoses, and to identify factors associated with diabetes concordance.@*METHOD@#A cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey was conducted on patients with chronic diseases after obtaining written consent to assess their medical notes. Interviewers were blinded to the participants' profiles. Concordance was evaluated using Cohen's kappa (κ). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diabetes concordance.@*RESULTS@#There was substantial agreement between self-reported and medical records of diabetes diagnoses (κ=0.76) and fair agreement for pre-diabetes diagnoses (κ=0.36). The logistic regression model suggested that non-Chinese patients had higher odds of diabetes concordance than Chinese patients (odds ratio [OR]=4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-14.13, P=0.03). Patients with 3 or more chronic diseases (i.e. multimorbidity) had lower odds of diabetes concordance than patients without multimorbidity (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.48, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Diabetes concordance was substantial, supporting the use of self-report of diabetes by patients with chronic diseases in the primary care setting for future research. Pre-diabetes concordance was fair and may have important clinical implications. Further studies to explore and improve health literacy and patient-physician communication are needed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Prediabetic State , Singapore/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Medical Records , Self ReportABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION@#Countries are mandating the use of face masks to stem the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Face mask use has been associated with discomfort due to its effects on thermoregulation, breathing and oxygenation. We evaluated the prevalence and severity of self-reported cardiovascular symptoms before and during face mask use.@*METHODS@#This was a cross-sectional study of 1,001 participants residing in Singapore, who participated in a self-administered questionnaire between 25 April 2020 and 4 May 2020. Symptom severity before and during mask use, and health-seeking behaviour information were collected. The study outcome was self-reported worsening of cardiovascular symptoms and its association with the type of mask worn, duration of mask worn per day, and intensity of physical activities during mask use.@*RESULTS@#The most common symptom reported during mask use was dyspnoea. Independent predictors for self-reported cardiovascular symptoms during mask use were moderate-high physical activity during mask use (odds ratio [OR] 1.634, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.176-2.270, P = 0.003), duration of mask use for ≥3 h (OR 1.672, 95% CI 1.189-2.352, P = 0.003) and type of mask used, after adjusting for age, sex, healthcare-based worker status and presence of comorbidities. N95 mask was associated with worse symptoms when compared to surgical mask. Participants with ≥3 worsening symptoms or worsening dyspnoea, palpitations, fatigue and dizziness were more likely to seek medical help.@*CONCLUSION@#Face mask use has been proven to be an effective way in curbing COVID-19 transmission. However, participants in this study had concerns regarding its use and these concerns should be urgently addressed to enable mask use policies to be enacted.
Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics , Masks/adverse effects , Self Report , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dyspnea/etiologyABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the quality of life and associated factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 25 provinces and cities in China was performed from June to September 2020. A questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic and clinical information of patients with CHD, while the European Five-dimensional Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D) was used to assess the quality of life. Multiple linear regression model was performed to analyze the associated factors. Results: The median age of the 1 075 responders was 60 (52, 67) years, and 797 (74.1%) were men. The EQ-5D and EQ-VAS indices were 0.7 (0.5, 0.8) and 60.0 (40.0, 80.0). Among the five dimensions in the quality of life scale, the frequency of anxiety/depression was the highest (59.8%), while problems in self-care was the lowest (35.8%). In the multiple linear regression model, female, increasing age, obesity, comorbidity(ies), anxiety/depression, social media channels, and receiving the CABG therapy were associated with the lower EQ-5D index (all P<0.05). In addition, increasing age, obesity, comorbidity (ies), depression, anxiety and depression, social media channels, and receiving the CABG therapy were associated with lower EQ-VAS index (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Over half of the patients with CHD in China have a low quality of life, which is related to gender, age, obesity, treatment pathway, the presence or absence of comorbidity (ies), and psychological state. In addition to managing the adverse effects of traditional socio-demographic factors on the quality of life, clinical practices should pay attention to the psychological state of patients. Moreover, establishing a WeChat group for doctor-patient communication could improve the quality of life of CHD patients.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Female , Quality of Life/psychology , Self Report , Cross-Sectional Studies , Coronary Disease , Surveys and Questionnaires , ObesityABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate whether changes in postoperative symptoms and signs in patients can predict the recurrence of ECRS after nasal endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods:A total of 70 adult patients with ECRS were enrolled for ESS surgery from June 2020 to March 2022 in a single center. There were 50 males and 20 females, with an average age of (46.9±14.5) years. Follow-up after ESS was at least 52 weeks. Patients undergo peripheral blood tests, CT of the sinuses, olfactory T&T test, visual analogue scale of symptoms(VAS), and endoscopic scoring. Results:VAS scores and endoscopic scores were analyzed at preoperative and 6th week, 12th week, 24th week and 52th week postoperative. After 12th week postoperatively, there was a clear correlation between symptom scores and endoscopic scores. Moreover, olfactory disorder and nasal discharge were the two most obvious symptoms. There were differences in the expression of multiple preoperative clinical inflammatory indicators between the symptom-controled group and the symptom-uncontrolled group(previous surgical history, concomitant asthma, nasal smear eosinophil, serum EOS%, total IgE, CT score, olfactory score, and symptom score, all with P<0.05), while there was no difference in baseline endoscopic score(P>0.05). At 12th week postoperative, the two groups of patients showed significant differences in both symptom scores and endoscopic scores. The symptoms and endoscopic score at the 12th week point of follow-up were used as predictive indicators for recurrence, with sensitivity and specificity of 62.5% and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusion:The changes in postoperative symptom score and endoscopic score in ECRSwNP patients indicated that the recurred ECRS. In the symptom-uncontrolled group, symptomatic and endoscopic scores showed consistent increased scores; In the symptom-controlled group, conflicting results between increased endoscopic scores and stable symptoms suggest that the presence of asymptomatic recurrence must be considered. The changes in symptoms and signs at the 12th week point of follow-up can serve as clinical indicators for preventing disease recurrence.
Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Nasal Polyps/complications , Self Report , Rhinitis/complications , Sinusitis/complications , Paranasal Sinuses/surgery , Endoscopy , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
Introducción: La adolescencia es una etapa esencial dentro del ciclo de vida humano. La presencia de enfermedades en esta etapa puede afectar la capacidad para crecer y desarrollarse a plenitud, sobre todo cuando son de índole física, psicológica y ocurren en contextos escolares. Objetivo: Evaluar la autopercepción de salud que tienen los estudiantes adolescentes matriculados en instituciones educativas en tiempos de pandemia por Covid-19. Cartagena 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal, y correlacional. Población de 1188 estudiantes de 12-17 años de dos instituciones educativas en Cartagena (Colombia). Muestra estimada de 319 sujetos, seleccionados a través de muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicó encuesta sociodemográfica diseñada por el equipo investigador y validada por expertos y para el estado de salud percibido se usó el Cuestionario de Salud SF-36, la versión en español adaptada culturalmente al contexto colombiano por Lugo, García y Gómez la cual cuenta con alfas de Cronbach entre 0,7 y 0,94. Resultados: Los adolescentes fueron principalmente de 15 años (21,9%), de octavo (21,7%) y noveno (27,7%), se dedican a estudiar (95,9%), en sus familias se devengan menos del salario mínimo (42,3%) y entre 1-2 (40,8%). Viven con padre y madre, con o sin hermanos (72,7%), los padres están casados o en unión libre (60,5%) y han estudiado hasta bachillerato tanto madres (54,9%) como padres (49,2%). La autopercepción de la salud fue buena (32,6%) y excelente (33,9%). Se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre dicha autopercepción y edad, grado, escolaridad del padre y valoración del rendimiento académico. Conclusión: Pese a la emergencia sanitaria ocasionada por la pandemia de covid-19, la autopercepción de salud que tienen un grupo de estudiantes adolescentes resulta ser favorable y positiva.
Introduction: Adolescence is an essential stage within the human life cycle. The presence of diseases at this stage can affect the ability to grow and develop to the fullest, especially when they are physical, psychological and occur in school contexts. Objective: To evaluate the self-perception of health of adolescent students enrolled in educational institutions in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. Cartagena 2021. Materials and methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study. Population of 1188 students aged 12-17 years from two educational institutions in Cartagena (Colombia). Estimated sample of 319 subjects, selected through simple random sampling. A sociodemographic survey designed by the research team and validated by experts was applied and for perceived health status the SF-36 Health Questionnaire was used, the Spanish version culturally adapted to the Colombian context by Lugo, García and Gómez, which has Cronbach's alphas between 0.7 and 0.94. Results: The adolescents were mainly 15 years old (21.9%), in eighth grade (21.7%) and ninth grade (27.7%), they are dedicated to study (95.9%), in their families they earn less than the minimum wage (42.3%) and between 1-2 (40.8%). They live with father and mother, with or without siblings (72.7%), the parents are married or in union (60.5%) and both mothers (54.9%) and fathers (49.2%) have studied up to high school. Self-perception of health was good (32.6%) and excellent (33.9%). Statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between self-perception and age, grade, father's schooling and assessment of academic performance. Conclusion: Despite the health emergency caused by the covid-19 pandemic, the self-perception of health of a group of adolescent students was favorable and positive.
Introdução: A adolescência é uma etapa essencial no ciclo de vida humana. A presença de doenças nesta fase pode afetar a capacidade de crescimento e desenvolvimento pleno, especialmente quando elas são físicas, psicológicas e ocorrem em contextos escolares. Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção da saúde entre os estudantes adolescentes matriculados em instituições educacionais em tempos da pandemia de Covid-19. Cartagena 2021. Materiais e métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, correlacional. População de 1188 estudantes de 12-17 anos de duas instituições educacionais em Cartagena (Colômbia). Amostra estimada de 319 sujeitos, selecionados através de amostragem aleatória simples. Foi aplicada uma pesquisa sociodemográfica projetada pela equipe de pesquisa e validada por especialistas e para a percepção do estado de saúde foi utilizado o questionário de saúde SF-36, a versão espanhola culturalmente adaptada ao contexto colombiano por Lugo, García e Gómez que tem a alfabetização de Cronbach entre 0,7 e 0,94. Resultados: Os adolescentes tinham principalmente 15 anos (21,9%), na oitava série (21,7%) e na nona série (27,7%), dedicam-se aos estudos (95,9%), em suas famílias ganham menos do que o salário mínimo (42,3%) e entre 1-2 (40,8%). Eles vivem com ambos os pais, com ou sem irmãos (72,7%), os pais são casados ou em união (60,5%) e ambas as mães (54,9%) e os pais (49,2%) estudaram até o ensino médio. A auto-percepção da saúde foi boa (32,6%) e excelente (33,9%). Foram observadas correlações estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre autopercepção e idade, série, escolaridade do pai e avaliação do desempenho acadêmico. Conclusão: Apesar da emergência sanitária causada pela pandemia de covid-19, a autopercepção da saúde de um grupo de estudantes adolescentes é favorável e positiva.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Adolescent Health , Self Report , Patient Generated Health DataABSTRACT
Objective The present theoretical study aimed to describe the functionalist origins of self-awareness construct and its importance in grounding an empirical investigation agenda within psychological scientific literature. Method We first conceptually analyzed William James definitions for self-related processes and then examined its repercussion for empirical self-awareness research in personality and cognitive neuroscience literature. Results Initial challenges of the field to put forward investigations that encompassed both dispositional and situational aspects of self-awareness were found. Moreover, progress observed in different trends of self-awareness investigation, in the last 20 years, were approached in its connection to technological advances evidenced in science. Conclusion The need for more integration between different levels of evidence and research fields are discussed as a mean to build an effective full understanding of self-awareness.
Objetivo O presente estudo teórico teve como objetivo descrever as origens funcionalistas do construto autoconsciência e sua importância na fundamentação de uma agenda de pesquisas empíricas na literatura de psicologia científica. Método Inicialmente analisamos conceitualmente as definições de William James para processos autorreferentes e depois examinamos suas repercussões para a pesquisa empírica de autoconsciência nas literaturas de personalidade e neurociências cognitivas. Resultados Desafios iniciais do campo para definir investigações que abrangessem tanto aspectos disposicionais como situacionais da autoconsciência foram encontrados. Além disso, progressos observados em diferentes tendências de investigação da autoconsciência, nos últimos 20 anos, foram abordados em sua conexão com os avanços tecnológicos evidenciados nas ciências. Conclusão A necessidade de maior integração entre diferentes níveis de evidência e campos de pesquisa é discutida como uma forma de construir uma efetiva compreensão global da autoconsciência.
Subject(s)
Psychology , Self Report , MetacognitionABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução O monitoramento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é realizado no Brasil, fundamentado no autorrelato, por meio do sistema VIGITEL. Tendo em vista lacunas acerca desse agravo em populações de trabalhadores, estas devem ser alvo da ação ampliada para o seu diagnóstico epidemiológico. Objetivo Testar a validade de critério do autorrelato de HAS, comparando-o com medidas aferidas de pressão arterial (PA). Método Realizou-se estudo de corte transversal com amostra aleatória do universo de 1.561 trabalhadores de um serviço judiciário na Bahia. Calcularam-se sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos e razões de probabilidade para o autorrelato de HAS, comparando-os com a aferição direta da PA, medida de referência. O diagnóstico de HAS foi a média de duas aferições com PA sistólica ≥ 140 mmHg, e/ou PA diastólica ≥ 90 mmHg, e/ou uso regular de anti-hipertensivos. Resultados Em amostra de 391 trabalhadores, verificou-se sensibilidade de 66,4% (57,1-74,6%), especificidade de 87,9% (83,2-91,4%), valor preditivo positivo de 70,5% (61,1-78,6%), valor preditivo negativo de 85,7% (80,9-89,4%), razões de probabilidade positiva e negativa de 5,5 (3,88-7,72) e de 0,4 (0,30-0,49), respectivamente. Conclusão Este estudo evidenciou o autorrelato como medida válida para o diagnóstico epidemiológico da HAS entre trabalhadores, recomendando seu uso. No entanto, esta validade depende do diagnóstico prévio do agravo.
Abstract Background Monitoring of hypertension, based on self-report, has been performed in Brazil through VIGITEL. In view of the gaps about this problem in worker populations, these should be the targets of the expanded action of epidemiological diagnosis of hypertension. Objective To test the validity of hypertension self-report in comparison to blood pressure (BP) measurements. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 1561 workers from a Judicial Service in Bahia. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for the hypertension self-report in comparison with direct BP measurement (reference). Hypertensive cases presented the mean of two BP measurements, with systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg, and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or regular use of antihypertensive drugs. Results In a sample of 391 workers, there was a sensitivity of 66.4% (57.1-74.6%), a specificity of 87.9% (83.2-91.4%), a positive predictive value of 70.5% (61.1- 78.6%), a negative predictive value of 85.7% (80.9-89.4%), a positive and negative likelihood ratio of 5.5 (3.88-7.72) and 0.4 (0.30-0.49) respectively. Conclusion This study showed self-report as a valid measure to implement the epidemiological diagnosis of hypertension among workers, recommending its use. However, its validity depends on the previous diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Self Report , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de diagnóstico autorreportado de asma, comorbilidades, patrones de tratamiento y calidad de vida (CdV) autopercibida en la población chilena, utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) de 2016-2017. Métodos: Se analizó la población de la ENS 2016-2017 con ≥ 15 años. Los individuos con asma fueron identificados por autorreporte. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, CdV y salud (autopercepción y/o EQ-5D-3L), estado nutricional, comorbilidades y patrón de tratamiento. Resultados: La prevalencia de asma fue de 5,4% (IC 95%: 4,5-6,5). Se reportó una frecuencia casi 2 veces mayor de CdV autopercibida (6,3% [IC 95%: 3,4-11,3] frente a 3,6% [IC 95%: 2,8-4,5]) y de salud (16,4% [IC 95%: 11,4-23,1] frente a 7,7% [IC 95%: 6,6-8,9]) muy mala/mala/menos que regular en el grupo con asma en comparación con el total de individuos de la ENS. El grupo de asma tuvo mayor frecuencia de al menos algunos problemas en todos los dominios EQ-5D-3L. La comorbilidad más frecuente fue la sintomatología depresiva. El 63% de los encuestados que reconocían tener asma no recibían ningún tratamiento en el momento de la encuesta. Con mayor frecuencia el tratamiento para el asma fue prescrito por un médico general (62,4%/55,4%, medicación de rescate/controlador) y el acceso fue a través del sistema público (65,9%/82,5%, medicación de rescate/controlador). Alrededor de un tercio de la población utilizaba monoterapia con SABA (32,8%). Conclusión: La prevalencia de asma fue del 5,4% y los asmáticos relataron peor CdV y salud. Se observó una baja tasa de tratamiento y de los tratados la mayoría usaba solo medicación de rescate.
Objective: To describe diagnosed asthma prevalence, self-reported comorbidities, treatment patterns and self-perceived quality of life (QoL) in Chilean population, using National Health Survey (NHS) data from 2016-2017. Methods: 2016-2017 NHS population aged ≥ 15 years was analyzed. Asthma individuals were identified by self-report. Sociodemographic variables, QoL and health (self-perception and/or EQ-5D-3L), nutritional status, comorbidities and treatment pattern were evaluated. Results: Asthma prevalence was 5.4% (95% CI: 4.5-6.5). Compared with NHS total individuals, asthma group showed almost 2 times higher frequency of self-perceived QoL (6.3% [95% CI: 3.4-11.3] vs 3.6% [95% CI: 2.8-4.5]) and health (16.4% [95% CI: 11.4-23.1] vs 7.7% [95% CI: 6.6-8.9]) named as very bad/bad/less than regular. In addition, asthma group had a greater frequency of at least some problems in all EQ-5D-3L domains. Depressive symptoms were the most frequently observed comorbidity. 63% of respondents who acknowledged having asthma were not receiving any treatment at the time of the survey. Asthma treatment was most frequently prescribed by a general physician (62.4%/55.4%, rescue/controller medication) and the access occurs in the public system (65.9%/82.5%, rescue/controller medication). About one third of the population used SABA monotherapy (32.8%). Conclusion: Asthma prevalence was 5.4% and asthmatics reported worse QoL and health. A very low treatment rate was observed and those treated, most were under rescue medication.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Asthma/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/therapy , Tobacco Use Disorder , Comorbidity , Chile/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Health Surveys , Self Report , Sociodemographic FactorsABSTRACT
O Sistema de Avaliação de Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) recebeu notoriedade entre brasileiros e estrangeiros por oferecer um complexo sistema de qualificação dos testes psicológicos, pouco visto em âmbito mundial. Sua elaboração dependeu de uma autarquia, que o financiou, normatizou e o mantém, mas também de pesquisadores docentes de avaliação psicológica, que trouxeram a expertise da área para que houvesse o pleno estabelecimento de seus parâmetros. Passadas duas décadas de seu lançamento, o SATEPSI foi tema de artigos, capítulos, lives e diálogos digitais, nos quais foram destaque, de modo geral, as Resoluções do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, que o normatiza, e seus impactos para a área de avaliação psicológica - como, por exemplo, o aumento do número de pesquisas e de testes brasileiros qualificados. O que se pretende neste artigo é mencionar sua construção, à luz dos autores que vivenciaram o SATEPSI em funções e tempos distintos. Atenção especial será dada aos Métodos Projetivos, cuja história ainda é pouco revelada.(AU)
The system to evaluate psychological tests (Satepsi) received notoriety among Brazilians and foreigners for offering a complex system of qualification of psychological tests, which is rarely seen worldwide. Its development depended on an autarchy (which financed, standardized, and maintains it) and on researchers teaching psychological assessment, who brought their expertise to the area so its parameters could be fully established. After two decades of its launch, Satepsi was the subject of articles, chapters, lives, and digital dialogues, which usually highlighted the Resolutions of the Federal Council of Psychology that normatize psychological evaluation and their impacts, such as the increase in the number of qualified Brazilian tests. This study aims to mention its construction in the light of the authors who experienced Satepsi in different functions and times, giving special attention to Projective Methods, whose history remains to be shown.(AU)
El Sistema de Evaluación de Tests Psicológicos (SATEPSI) ganó notoriedad entre los brasileños y los extranjeros por ofrecer un complejo sistema de calificación de los tests psicológicos, poco frecuente a nivel mundial. Su elaboración dependió de una autarquía, que lo financió, lo estandarizó y lo mantiene, pero también de investigadores docentes de evaluación psicológica, que trajeron la experiencia del área para que hubiera el pleno establecimiento de sus parámetros. Tras dos décadas de su lanzamiento, SATEPSI fue tema de artículos, capítulos, en directo y diálogos digitales, en los cuales destacaron, de modo general, las Resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Psicología que lo normatiza y sus impactos para el área de evaluación psicológica, como el aumento del número de investigaciones y de pruebas brasileñas calificadas. Lo que se pretende en este artículo es mencionar su construcción, a la luz de los autores que vivieron el SATEPSI en funciones y tiempos distintos. Se prestará especial atención a los métodos proyectivos cuya historia aún no se ha revelado.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Psychological Tests , Psychometrics , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of Results , Personality Assessment , Personality Tests , Aptitude Tests , Professional Competence , Professional Practice , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Psychology , Safety , Audiovisual Aids , Self-Evaluation Programs , Social Control, Formal , Societies , Students , Vocational Guidance , Behavior , Professional Review Organizations , Body Image , Computer Systems , Mental Health , Efficacy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Liability, Legal , Treatment Outcome , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Total Quality Management , Commerce , Lecture , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Internet , Credentialing , Musculoskeletal Manipulations , Diagnosis , Employee Performance Appraisal , Science, Technology and Society , Ethics , Professional Training , Courses , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Expert Testimony , Self Report , Test Taking Skills , Quality Improvement , Pandemics , Social Skills , Data Accuracy , Behavior Rating Scale , Work Engagement , Internet Access , Web Archives as Topic , Internet-Based Intervention , Teleworking , COVID-19 , Psychological Well-Being , Human Rights , Intelligence , Intelligence Tests , Manuals as Topic , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a configuração da Rede de Cuidados às Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis em um Distrito Sanitário na perspectiva da integração. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo desenvolvido em um Distrito Sanitário, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas com 34 participantes (coordenadores e enfermeiros assistenciais) com experiência na gestão e no cuidado. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram, em termos gerais, que é possível descrever a Rede de Cuidados a partir de uma inter-relação entre as dimensões da integração, destacando-se as interações profissionais, a organização do cuidado e processos logísticos relacionados aos fluxos assistenciais com facilitadores e impeditivos para a atenção às pessoas com Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis. Conclusão: Destaca-se como um facilitador na configuração da Rede a capacidade gerencial dos coordenadores em integrar as unidades de saúde e os profissionais na organização do cuidado; e, dentre os percalços para a conformação da Rede o não apontamento teórico dos princípios e diretrizes do SUS, choque nas relações profissionais, falhas operacionais na logística de fluxos assistenciais, sistema de informação não totalmente interligado, fragilidade quanto ao sistema de financiamento e falta de parcerias ou opiniões ambíguas referentes aos processos de trabalho adotados em cada unidade. (AU)
Objective: To describe the configuration of the Care Network for Chronic Non Communicable Diseases in a Health District from the perspective of integration. Methods: This is a qualitative study developed in a Health District, in which interviews were conducted with 34 participants (coordinators and clinical nurses) with experience in management and care. Results: The results showed, in general terms, that it is possible to describe the Care Network from an interrelationship between the dimensions of integration, highlighting professional interactions, the organization of care and logistical processes related to care flows with facilitators and impediments to care for people with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. Conclusion: The managerial capacity of coordinators to integrate health units and professionals in the organization of care stands out as a facilitator in the configuration of the Network; and, among the setbacks for the conformation of the Network, the theoretical failure to point out the principles and guidelines of the SUS, a shock in professional relationships, operational failures in the logistics of assistance flows, an information system not fully interconnected, weakness in the financing system and lack of partnerships or ambiguous opinions regarding the work processes adopted in each unit. (AU)
Objetivo: Describir la configuración de la Red de Atención a Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles en un Distrito de Salud desde la perspectiva de la integración. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo desarrollado en un Distrito de Salud, en el que se realizaron entrevistas a 34 participantes (coordinadores y enfermeras clínicas) con experiencia en gestión y atención. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron, en términos generales, que es posible describir la Red de Cuidado a partir de una interrelación entre las dimensiones de la integración, destacando las interacciones profesionales, la organización del cuidado y los procesos logísticos relacionados con los flujos de cuidado con facilitadores e impedimentos para el cuidado. Personas con Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Conclusión: La capacidad gerencial de los coordinadores para integrar unidades y profesionales de salud en la organización de la atención se destaca como facilitador en la configuración de la Red; y, entre los retrocesos para la conformación de la Red, el teórico fracaso en señalar los principios y lineamientos del SUS, un choque en las relaciones profesionales, fallas operativas en la logística de los flujos de asistencia, un sistema de información n plenamente interconectado, debilidad en el sistema de financiamiento y la falta de alianzas o opiniones ambiguas sobre los procesos de trabajo adoptados en cada unidad. (AU)