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1.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 36: e24361499, 15 fev. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1570776

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Women living with HIV/AIDS have a higher frequency of anogenital neoplasms resulting from human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The World Health Organization recommends that cervical cancer screening uses molecular tests that amplify viral genetic material, such as HPV-DNA. In addition to collection by health professionals, self-collection of vaginal samples is a useful tool for expanding access to testing. Objective: To describe the results of the pilot study that evaluated the acceptability of self-collection of vaginal samples and the applicability of offering HPV-DNA tests with self-collection of vaginal samples for women living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study involving women living with HIV/AIDS treated in eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities distributed in all regions of the country from May 2021 to May 2022 and a central laboratory. Vaginal self-collection was offered, and participants were interviewed about sociodemographic data and impressions of self-collection. Results: In total, 1,919 women living with HIV/AIDS with an average age of 45 years participated in the study. Some type of HPV was detected in 66% (1,267) of cases. The majority (71.9%) said they preferred self-collection to sample collection by health care professionals. Only 53.8% of participants underwent cytology at the appropriate frequency, as recommended by the protocol. Conclusion: The results may support the implementation of molecular biology tests to detect HPV in women living with HIV/AIDS, including the possibility of vaginal self-collection, promoting increased access to cervical cancer screening. (AU)


Introdução: Mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS possuem maior frequência de neoplasias anogenitais decorrentes da infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV). A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda que o rastreio de câncer do colo do útero seja utilizado por testes moleculares que amplificam o material genético viral, como o HPV-DNA. Além da coleta por profissionais da saúde, a autocoleta de amostras vaginais consiste em uma ferramenta útil para ampliação do acesso à testagem. Objetivo: Descrever os resultados do estudo piloto que avaliou a aceitabilidade da autocoleta de amostra vaginal e aplicabilidade da oferta de testes HPV-DNA com autocoleta de amostras vaginais para mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo envolvendo mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS atendidas em oito serviços ambulatoriais distribuídos em todas as regiões do país no período de maio/2021 a maio/2022 e um laboratório central. Realizou-se a oferta de autocoleta vaginal e uma entrevista com as participantes sobre dados sociodemográficos e impressões da autocoleta. Resultados: No total, 1.919 mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS com média de 45 anos participaram do estudo. Houve detecção de algum tipo de HPV em 66% (1.267) dos casos. A maioria (71,9%) afirmou preferir a autocoleta à coleta de amostras por profissionais da saúde. Apenas 53,8% das participantes realizaram citologia na periodicidade adequada, conforme recomendação do protocolo. Conclusão:Os resultados poderão apoiar a implementação dos testes de biologia molecular para detecção de HPV em mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS, incluindo a possibilidade de autocoleta vaginal, promovendo a ampliação do acesso ao rastreamento de câncer do colo do útero. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Serologic Tests , HIV Seropositivity , HIV Long-Term Survivors , Quality of Health Care , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Mass Screening , Papillomaviridae
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 83: e0003, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1529931

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos doadores de tecidos oculares humanos na área de atuação do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba, destacando o impacto da sorologia positiva para hepatite B no descarte dos tecidos para transplante. Métodos: O estudo é transversal e utilizou dados do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2022. Dados sobre procedência, idade, sexo, causa do óbito, tempo entre óbito e enucleação, resultados sorológicos e motivo de descarte das córneas dos doadores foram coletados. Resultados: O maior motivo de descarte foi por sorologia positiva (56,5%), sendo positivadas as sorologias positivas para hepatite B e HBsAg em 11,1% e 4,75% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Conclusão: A sorologia positiva para hepatite B como um critério de descarte absoluto é responsável por grande parcela de descartes, apesar da pouca informação sobre suas repercussões e representação de infectividade nos receptores do transplante.


ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the profile of human ocular tissue donors in the area covered by the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB), highlighting the impact of positive serology for hepatitis B (anti-HBc) in the disposal of tissues for transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional that uses data from the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB) between January 2013 and December 2022. Data on origin, age, sex, cause of death, time between death and enucleation, serological results, and reason for discarded donor corneas were collected. Results: The main reason for discarding was due to positive serology (56.5%), with positive anti-HBc and HBsAg serology in 11.1% and 4.75% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-HBc positive serology as an absolute disposal criterion is responsible for great part of disposals, despite little information about its repercussions and representation of infectivity in transplant recipients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tissue Donors/statistics & numerical data , Corneal Transplantation/standards , Corneal Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Donor Selection/standards , Eye Banks/standards , Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis , Serologic Tests/standards , Hepatitis B virus , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Disease Transmission, Infectious/legislation & jurisprudence , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data , Eye Banks/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B Core Antigens/analysis
3.
Med. infant ; 30(4): 336-339, Diciembre 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1524212

ABSTRACT

La infección por Bartonella henselae (BH) adopta diversas formas de presentación clínica en pediatría. Según la bibliografía la forma de presentación más frecuente en pacientes inmunocompetentes es la linfadenopatía única asociada a fiebre. En el 85 % de los casos se compromete un solo ganglio siendo los axilares y los epitrocleares los más frecuentemente involucrados. Existen otras formas de presentación menos frecuentes que debemos tener en consideración, para poder realizar un diagnóstico precoz e indicar un tratamiento adecuado si así lo requiere. El diagnóstico requiere de la sospecha clínica del equipo de salud tratante, junto al antecedente epidemiológico, los hallazgos clínicos del examen físico y la realización de serologías que incluyan el dosaje de inmunoglobulina M y G. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron reconocer las manifestaciones clínicas típicas y atípicas de la EAG por Bartonella henselae, describir la epidemiología, características clínicas y evolución de esta enfermedad que se presentaron en nuestro hospital. Se estudiaron un total de 187 pacientes. La media de edad fue de 7.6 años (rango 1-14); siendo 53.5% de género masculino. Las formas de presentación más frecuentes en nuestro trabajo fueron la adenitis y la fiebre. La mayoría recibió diversos esquemas de tratamiento antibiótico, secundario al retraso en el diagnóstico. La tasa de hospitalización fue muy baja, remitió con tratamiento ambulatorio con antibióticos o sin ellos (AU)


Bartonella henselae infection has different clinical presentations in pediatrics. According to the literature, the most common form of presentation in immunocompetent patients is single lymphadenopathy associated with fever. In 85 % of the cases a single lymph node is involved, with the axillary and epitrochlear nodes being the most commonly involved. There are other, less frequent, forms of presentation that should be taken into consideration in order to make an early diagnosis and indicate appropriate treatment if required. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion by the treating healthcare team, together with the epidemiological history, clinical findings on physical examination, and serology including immunoglobulin M and G dosage. The objectives of this study were to identify both the typical and atypical clinical manifestations of Bartonella henselae cat scratch disease, to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of cases presenting at our hospital. A total of 187 patients were studied. The mean age was 7.6 years (range 1-14); 53.5% were male. The most frequent forms of presentation in our study were adenitis and fever. Most of them received different antibiotic treatment regimens due to delayed diagnosis. The hospitalization rate was very low and the disease typically resolved with outpatient treatment, with or without antibiotics (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cats , Cat-Scratch Disease/diagnosis , Cat-Scratch Disease/drug therapy , Cat-Scratch Disease/epidemiology , Bartonella henselae/isolation & purification , Fever , Lymphadenopathy , Serologic Tests , Retrospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
4.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 31(112): 44-52, 20230000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1451847

ABSTRACT

La aparición del SARS-CoV-2 a fines de 2019 provocó difi-cultades en los sistemas sanitarios para cumplir con las metas propuestas por la OMS destinadas a erradicar el VIH, principalmente en países en vías de desarrollo. Con el fin de evaluar el impacto en nuestro medio, un hospital público de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires relevó los testeos de VIH (asistenciales y voluntarios) y sus resultados en el periodo enero 2017-diciembre 2022 a partir de los registros del laboratorio central. Los test realizados en pandemia fueron el 62% de los históricos (38% menos) y las prevalen-cias de serologías reactivas del asistencial mostraron una disminución (3,13% vs. 2,56%), mientras que las del Cen-tro de Prevención, Asesoramiento y Diagnóstico (CEPAD) aumentaron (3,56% vs. 5,39%). Teniendo en cuenta que la ausencia de diagnóstico de VIH implica perpetuación del virus en la población, y que el aumento de prevalencias de serologías reactivas en un grupo poblacional es indicativo de rebrote de VIH, es necesario retomar en forma proactiva la lucha contra el VIH


The emergence of SARS-COV-2 at the end of 2019 caused difficulties for the public health system to achieve the goals set by the WHO (World's Health Organization) focused on the eradication of HIV, mainly in developing countries. With the purpose of evaluating the impact in our field, a public hospital in Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires provided the information about the tested tests (assistance and voluntary) and their results from the records of the central laboratory (January 2017-December 2022).The pandemic tests were 62% of histories (38%) and the prevalence of reactive serology the Healthcare serology decreased 3,13% vs 2,56%), while the Center for Prevention, Counseling and Diagnosis (CEPAD) serology increased (3,56% vs. 5,39%). Considering that the absence of an HIV diagnosis implies perpetuation of the virus in the population, and the increase in PSR% in a group is indicative of a possible regrowth of HIV, it is necessary to resume the fight against HIV proactively


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Serologic Tests , Prevalence , HIV/immunology , COVID-19/epidemiology
5.
Rev. cuba. med ; 62(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1449995

ABSTRACT

La celiaquía es un trastorno mediado por la respuesta inmune al gluten ingerido en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. La enfermedad celíaca afecta al 1 por ciento de la población mundial, y su incidencia se ha incrementado sustancialmente en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, aún la enfermedad celíaca es pobremente reconocida por la comunidad médica y por la población, tanto a nivel internacional, como nacional, muchos casos permanecen subdiagnosticados. Para mejorar el diagnóstico y manejo del paciente celíaco se recomienda el uso oportuno de la serología específica de la enfermedad celíaca. De los distintos anticuerpos asociados con la enfermedad celíaca, los anticuerpos anti-transglutaminasa tisular (anti-TGt IgA) representan la primera opción diagnóstica por su elevada sensibilidad y especificidad. La prueba de anti-TGt IgA no solo permite descartar de modo confiable la celiaquía, sino funciona como filtro para la selección de pacientes tributarios de biopsia intestinal para la confirmación diagnóstica. El desarrollo de la serología ha posibilitado la aplicación de nuevas estrategias diagnósticas que obvian la biopsia intestinal al menos en algunos grupos de pacientes(AU)


Celiac disease is a disorder mediated by the immune response to ingested gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Celiac disease affects 1percent of the world population, and its incidence has increased substantially in recent decades. However, celiac disease is still poorly recognized by the medical community and by the population, both domestic and international, many cases remain underdiagnosed. Improving the diagnosis and management of the celiac patient, the timely use of specific serology for celiac disease is recommended. Different antibodies associated with celiac disease, however, anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-TGt IgA) represent the first diagnostic option due to their high sensitivity and specificity. The anti-TGt IgA test not only constantly rules out celiac disease, but also functions as a filter for the selection of patients eligible for intestinal biopsy for diagnostic confirmation. The development of serology has enabled the use of new diagnostic strategies that avoid intestinal biopsy, at least in some groups of patients(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Serologic Tests/methods , Celiac Disease/epidemiology
6.
Ethiop. Med. j ; Ethiop. med. j. (Online);61(2): 161-169, 2023. tables, figures
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1426998

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Widal agglutination test is a serologic investigation that is used to diagnose typhoidfever. This is an easy, fairly inexpensive, and readily available test it'ith questionable reliability. The test performance differs from setting to setting depending on the technique used and otherfactors. The accuracy ofthis test in Ethiopia is poorly understood. So, the aim of this scientific work was to analyze the accuracy of Widal agglutination in diagnosing typhoidfever in Ethiopia. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two electronic databases (PubMed/Medline and Google scholar) were searched using preset search strategv to find relevant studies. The methodological quality of the studies included was evaluated "'ith a QUADAS-2. We extracted important variables from the eligible articles. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 14. The protocol of our systematic review and metaanalysis is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the record number CRD42020194252. Results: The electronic quests yielded 42 papers of which 8 "'ere eligible for analysis. The quality of these studies was rated to be moderate based on the QUADAS-2. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and negative, andpositive predicthe values ofthe Widal test were 80.8%, 53.0%, 98.5%, and 2.1% respecth'ely. Conclusion: The "'idal agglutination test has average specificity, ven good negative predicth'e value, and ven poor positive predictive value for the diagnosis of typhoidfever. Depending on Widal to diagnose typhoid fever may lead to over-diagnosis of typhoid fever and related complications including inappropriate use of antibiotics. There is an urgent needfor quick and dependable tests for diagnosing typhoidfever, particularly in settings like Ethiopia M'here doing timely culture is notfeasible.


Subject(s)
Serologic Tests , Dimensional Measurement Accuracy , Typhoid Fever , Meta-Analysis , Network Pharmacology
7.
Article in English | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1442246

ABSTRACT

Commercial inactivated avian influenza H5 vaccine is used as an essential control strategy for avian influenza disease in Egypt. Since the initial outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8, the virus has diverged with new genotypes and variant viruses continuing to emerge which mainly stand behind vaccination failure. In the present work, four different commercial avian influenza vaccines were inoculated in specific pathogenic free chickens for assessing its efficacy against local highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus isolated in 2018 and 2020. Two hundred and forty specific pathogenic free chickens were clustered into four groups; each group was inoculated with the corresponding vaccine (60 specific pathogenic free chickens/vaccine). Sixty specific pathogenic free chicks were kept as control unvaccinated group. Sera collected from vaccinated chicken groups at 3rd and 4th week post vaccination were examined for calculating neutralizing antibodies using heterologous highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 2018 and 2020. At 4th week post vaccination, vaccinated chickens were challenged; moreover, oropharyngeal swabs were collected from challenged vaccinated chickens to calculate the viral shedding. Our findings revealed the groups vaccinated with vaccine code no 1 and 2 that contains two vaccine strains (H5N1 and H5N8) of local origin exhibited the highest hemagglutination inhibition titer, protection (percent) and reduction in viral shedding titer when examined by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 2018 while, vaccine code no 3 induced lower antibody response, protection (percent) and reduction in viral shedding, but still within satisfactory level when compared to previous groups. When highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 2020 was used, it was found the seroconversion rate, protection (percent) and mean titer of reduction of viral shedding decreased in comparison to those recorded for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 2018. Vaccine code no 4 was impotent to either highly pathogenic avian influenza 2018 or 2020. Accordingly, it was recommended to update vaccine strain according to epidemiological condition and used the predominant circulating strain isolate in challenge test(AU)


La vacuna comercial inactivada H5 se utiliza como estrategia esencial de control de la enfermedad de la gripe aviar en Egipto. Desde los brotes iniciales de la gripe aviar altamente patógena H5N8, el virus ha variado al aparecer continuamente nuevos genotipos y variantes virales, que son los principales responsables del fracaso de la vacunación. En el presente trabajo, cuatro vacunas comerciales diferentes contra la gripe aviar se inocularon en pollos libres de patógenos específicos para evaluar su eficacia contra cepas del virus local de la gripe aviar altamente patógeno H5N8 aisladas en 2018 y 2020. Se agruparon 240 pollos pollos libres de patógenos específicos en cuatro grupos, cada uno fue inoculado con la vacuna correspondiente (60 pollos pollos libres de patógenos específicos/vacuna). Sesenta pollos SPF se mantuvieron como grupo control sin vacunar. Los sueros de los pollos vacunados recogidos en la 3ª y 4ª semana después de la vacunación se examinaron para calcular los anticuerpos neutralizantes contra la gripe aviar heteróloga H5N8 2018 y 2020. En la cuarta semana después de la vacunación, los pollos vacunados fueron retados; además, se recogieron hisopados orofaríngeos de los pollos vacunados retados para calcular la diseminación viral. Nuestros resultados revelaron que los grupos vacunados con las vacunas con códigos nº 1 y 2, que contienen dos cepas vacunales (H5N1 y H5N8) de origen local, mostraron el mayor título de inhibición de la hemaglutinación, protección (por ciento) y reducción del título de excreción viral cuando se evaluaron contra la gripe aviar altamente patógena H5N8 2018, mientras que la vacuna con código nº 3 indujo menor respuesta de anticuerpos, protección (por ciento) y reducción de la excreción viral, pero todavía dentro de un nivel satisfactorio en comparación con los grupos anteriores. Al utilizar la vacuna contra la gripe aviar altamente patógena H5N8 2020, se observó que la tasa de seronconversión, la protección (por ciento) y el título medio de reducción de la excreción viral disminuyeron en comparación con los registrados para la gripe aviar altamente patógena H5N8 2018. La vacuna con código nº 4 no fue potente para la gripe aviar altamente patógena de 2018 o de 2020. Por consiguiente, se recomendó actualizar la cepa de la vacuna de acuerdo con las condiciones epidemiológicas y utilizar el aislamiento de la cepa circulante predominante en la prueba de reto(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo , Serologic Tests/methods , Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use , Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
8.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1524040

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico e identificar as causas prevalentes de inaptidão clínica e sorológica entre os candidatos à doação nos últimos cinco anos. Método: trata-se de um estudo seccional, exploratório e analítico. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Sistema Hemote Plus®. Resultados: a maioria dos candidatos eram homens (50,9%), de 20 a 29 anos (34,0%), brancos (66,7%), solteiros (59,9%) com ensino médio completo (33,3%) e motivação espontânea (65,5%). Dentre eles,25,9% foram considerados inaptos. As causas mais prevalentes de inaptidão foram: anemia (27,7%) e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (12,4%). Tenderam mais à inaptidão as mulheres (57,9%), indivíduos menor nível de escolaridade (53,9%), e com menos de 39 anos (65,5%). Conclusão: evidencia-se a necessidade de práticas educativas e orientação sobre comportamentos de risco na captação de doadores e triagem clínica, ressaltando a importância do profissional de enfermagem neste contexto


Objetivo: to describe the epidemiological profile and identify the prevalent causes of clinical and serological unfitness among donation candidates in the last five years. Methods: this is a cross-sectional, exploratory and analytical study. Data were obtained using the Hemote Plus® System. Results: most candidates were men (50.9%), aged 20 to 29 years (34.0%), white (66.7%), single (59.9%) with high school education (33.3 %) and spontaneous motivation (65.5%). Among them, 25.9% were considered unfit. The most prevalent causes of disability were: anemia (27.7%) and sexually transmitted infections (12.4%). Women (57.9%), individuals with a lower level of education (53.9%), and those with less than 39 years of age (65.5%) tended more toward disability. Conclusion: it is evident the need for educational practices and guidance on risk behaviors in the recruitment of donors and clinical screening, emphasizing the importance of the nursing professional in this context


Objetivos: describir el perfil epidemiológico e identificar las causas prevalentes de ineptitud clínica y serológica entre los candidatos a donación en los últimos cinco años. Metodo: se trata de um estudio transversal, exploratorio y analítico. Los datos se obtuvieron utilizando el sistema Hemote Plus®. Resultados: la mayoría de los candidatos eran hombres (50,9 %), de 20 a 29 años (34,0 %), blancos (66,7 %), solteros (59,9 %), com educación secundaria (33,3 %) y motivación espontánea (65,5 %). Entre ellos, el 25,9% fueron considerados no aptos. Las causas de discapacidad más prevalentes fueron: anemia (27,7%) e infecciones de transmisión sexual (12,4%). Las mujeres (57,9%), los indivíduos con menor nivel educativo (53,9%) y los menores de 39 años (65,5%) tendían más a la discapacidad. Conclusión: se evidencia la necesidad de prácticas educativas y orientaciones sobre comportamientos de riesgo em la captación de donantes y tamizaje clínico, destacando la importância del profesional de enfermeira en este contexto


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Blood Donors , Serologic Tests , Donor Selection , Health Profile , Risk Factors
9.
Rev. cuba. med ; 61(4)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441707

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad celiaca es una enteropatía mediada por la respuesta inmune, que ha sido crecientemente reconocida como una enfermedad común, que afecta tanto a la población infantil, como a la adulta. La serología es un componente clave de la detección y diagnóstico de la celiaquía. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad diagnóstica de los anticuerpos antitransglutaminasa tisular en individuos con síntomas gastrointestinales crónicos. Métodos: En un estudio de corte se determinaron los anticuerpos anti-transglutaminasa tisular IgA/G en 87 pacientes adultos y pediátricos con indicación médica de anticuerpos de celiaquía. Los anti- transglutaminasa tisular IgA/G se realizaron por el ensayo inmunoadsorbente ligado a enzima y por el ensayo multiplex de inmunoblot. Se aplicó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y se calculó el coeficiente de concordancia kappa. Resultados: La seroprevalencia de los anti-transglutaminasa tisular IgG/IgA resultó de 8,05 por ciento (7/87) por el ensayo inmunoenzimático. Los resultados cualitativos del ensayo inmunoenzimático y del inmunoblot para los anti- transglutaminasa tisular fueron concordantes con un coeficiente kappa de 0,407 (p=0,004). La distribución de la concentración de los anticuerpos anti-TGt IgA/G obtenidos por el ensayo inmunoenzimático respecto a los resultados negativos y positivos del inmunoblot no fue significativa (p=0,08). Los pacientes con presencia de anti-transglutaminasa tisular IgA/G por el ensayo inmunoenzimático obtuvieron el diagnóstico definitivo de enfermedad celiaca confirmado por biopsia duodenal. Conclusiones: Se confirmó la utilidad de la detección de los anticuerpos anti-transglutaminasa tisular IgA/G por el ensayo inmunoenzimático como primer paso diagnóstico de la enfermedad celíaca en pacientes con síntomas gastrointestinales(AU)


Introduction: Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy that has been increasingly recognized as a common disease, affecting both the pediatric and adult population. Serology is a key component of the detection and diagnosis of celiac disease. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in individuals with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: In a cutoff study, anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA/G antibodies were determined in 87 adult and pediatric patients with medical indication for celiac disease antibodies. Anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA/G was performed by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay and multiplex immunoblot assay. Mann-Whitney U test was applied and kappa correspondence coefficient was calculated. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-tissue transglutaminase IgG/IgA was 8.05 percent (7/87) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The qualitative results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot for anti-tissue transglutaminase were consistent with a kappa coefficient of 0.407 (p=0.004). The distribution of the concentration of anti-TGt IgA/G antibodies obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with respect to negative and positive immunoblot results was not significant (p=0.08). Patients with presence of anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA/G by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay obtained the definitive diagnosis of celiac disease confirmed by duodenal biopsy. Conclusions: The usefulness of detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA/G antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a first diagnostic step of celiac disease in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms was confirmed(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Serologic Tests/methods , Celiac Disease/epidemiology , Statistics, Nonparametric
10.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 56(3): 293-301, set. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1429526

ABSTRACT

Resumen A fines de 2019 se describieron en China los primeros casos de neumonía asociada a SARS-CoV-2. La OMS la llamó COVID-19 y declaró emergencia sanitaria internacional en enero de 2020, ante la rápida diseminación de la infección a nivel mundial. En la Argentina los primeros casos se detectaron en marzo de 2020 y casi inmediatamente comenzaron a utilizarse métodos directos para detección de SARS-CoV-2 (RT PCR, LAMP, entre otros). Los métodos para detección de anticuerpos fueron aprobados posteriormente y no son de elección para realizar el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. En este laboratorio estos últimos comenzaron a utilizarse durante la primera ola de COVID-19 y con estos datos se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de una serie de pacientes con resultados de anticuerpos IgG positivos. Se calculó la tasa de notificación al Sistema Integrado de Información Sanitaria Argentino (SISA) y se evaluaron los niveles de anticuerpos, agrupándolos de acuerdo a: si estaban notificados y si tenían resultado de RT PCR/LAMP, los síntomas presentados y el tiempo transcurrido post RT PCR/LAMP. No fue posible demostrar diferencias entre los pacientes con RT PCR/LAMP detectable y no detectable, tampoco con el tipo de síntomas declarados ni con respecto a los días transcurridos posinfección. Sin embargo, se observó que existía una diferencia significativa entre el grupo de pacientes notificados y no notificados y una alta tasa de pacientes con anticuerpos positivos que no fueron declarados en SISA, por lo que su detección podría considerarse como marcador subrogante de contacto cuando no fuera posible arribar al diagnóstico por métodos moleculares.


Abstract At the end of 2019 the first cases of SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia were reported in China. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) named it COVID-19 and in January 2020, it declared the international health emergency due to the worldwide rapid spread of the infection. The first cases in Argentina were detected in early March 2020. Molecular tests like RT PCR and LAMP were immediately used. Serological tests for antibody detection were approved a few months later; however, these are still not the preferred evidiagnostic method for the disease. In our laboratory, the latter began to be used during the first wave of COVID-19. With the results obtained in that moment, an observational retrospective study in a cohort of patients who came voluntarily to test for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and whose results were positive was performed. The notification rate to the Argentine Integrated System for Health Information (SISA for its acronym in Spanish) was calculated and antibody levels were evaluated, clustering them according to the following facts: if the event had been notified to the SISA and if they had a previous RT PCR/LAMP result, the symptoms experienced by these patients and the time elapsed between RT PCR/LAMP and antibody test results. It was not possible to demonstrate differences between patients with detectable and undetectable RT PCR/LAMP, neither with the type of declared symptoms nor with respect to the days elapsed post-infection. However, it was found that there was a significant difference between notified and non-notified patients, and a high rate of non-notified patients with positive antibodies. Therefore, antibodies level might be considered as a surrogate marker of SARS-CoV-2 contact when a diagnosis through molecular methods is not available.


Resumo No final de 2019 foram reportados na China os primeiros casos de pneumonia associados a SARS-CoV-2. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) chamou-a de COVID-19 e declarou emergência sanitária internacional em janeiro de 2020, frente à rápida disseminação da infecção em nível mundial. Na Argentina os primeiros casos foram detectados no início de março de 2020 e de forma quase imediata, começaram a ser utilizados métodos diretos para detectar SARS-CoV-2 (RT PCR, LAMP, entre outros). Os métodos para detectar anticorpos foram posteriormente aprovados e não são de eleição para realizar o diagnóstico da doença. Em nosso laboratório, a utilização destes últimos começou durante a primeira onda de COVID-19 e com os resultados obtidos nesse momento foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo de uma série de pacientes com resultados de anticorpos IgG positivos. Foi calculada a taxa de notificação ao Sistema Integrado de Informação em Saúde da Argentina (SISA) e foram avaliados os níveis de anticorpos agrupando- os de acordo a: se estavam notificados e se eles tinham resultado de RT PCR/LAMP, os sintomas apresentados e o tempo decorrido pós RT PCR/LAMP. Não foi possível demonstrar diferenças entre pacientes com RT PCR/LAMP detectável e não detectável, nem com o tipo de sintomas declarados nem com relação aos dias decorridos após a infecção. No entanto, verificou-se que existia uma diferença significativa entre o grupo de pacientes notificados e não notificados, e uma alta taxa de pacientes com anticorpos positivos que não foram declarados no SISA, portanto, sua detecção poderia ser considerada como um marcador substituto de contato quando não fosse possível chegar ao diagnóstico por métodos moleculares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Blood/immunology , Serologic Tests/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/virology , Antibodies/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/blood
11.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 56(2): 161-170, abr. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1402953

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional transversal en los municipios de Posadas y Garupá con el objetivo de describir la situación social, el conocimiento sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y la prevalencia de infección por Treponema pallidum y por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) en adolescentes escolarizados en área vulnerables del Departamento Capital de Misiones (Argentina). Se realizaron 1336 encuestas y 347 pruebas serológicas a adolescentes de 19 establecimientos de nivel primario y secundario, el 64% (857) fueron de Posadas y el 36% (479) de Garupá. La mediana de la edad fue de 13 años. Las respuestas afirmativas sobre la información suministrada en salud reproductiva fue en Posadas 73% y en Garupá 49%; el ámbito de información citado con mayor frecuencia fueron las escuelas (Posadas 92% y Garupá 76%). La mayoría respondió que en su grupo de amigos se ingerían bebidas con alcohol (Posadas 64% y Garupá 52%) y, con menor frecuencia, drogas (Posadas 21% y Garupá 17%). Las respuestas correctas sobre conocimientos de ITS fueron superiores al 82%. Más del 80% residían en casas de material con baño instalado y el 9% en condiciones de hacinamiento. No se identificaron adolescentes escolarizados con infección por HIV, pero sí un caso con infección por T. pallidum (prevalencia: 0,29%; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,05-1,62%). El estudio mostró muy baja prevalencia de infección por T. pallidum y nula para HIV en adolescentes escolarizados residentes en áreas socialmente vulnerables. La constitución familiar y la escolarización podrían constituir factores de protección para estas infecciones.


Abstract A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was carried out in the municipalities of Posadas and Garupá with the aim of describing the social situation, knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the prevalence of Treponema pallidum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adolescents enrolled in vulnerable areas of the Capital Department of Misiones (Argentina). A total of 1,336 surveys and 347 serological tests were carried out on adolescents from 19 primary and secondary schools, 64% (857) were from Posadas and 36% (479) from Garupá. The median age was 13 years. The affirmative answers about the information provided in reproductive health were 73% in Posadas and 49%; in Garupá; the area of information most frequently cited was schools (Posadas 92% and Garupá 76%). Most responded that their group of friends drank alcoholic beverages (Posadas 64% and Garupá 52%) and, less frequently, drugs (Posadas 21% and Garupá 17%). The correct answers about knowledge of STIs were higher than 82%. More than 80% resided in brick houses with installed bathrooms and 9% in overcrowded conditions. School adolescents with HIV infection were not identified, but one case with T. pallidum infection was detected (prevalence: 0.29%; 95% confidence interval: 0.05-1.62%). The study showed a very low prevalence of T. pallidum infection and zero prevalence for HIV in school-going adolescents residing in socially vulnerable areas. Family constitution and schooling could be protective factors for these infections.


Resumo Foi realizado um estudo descritivo observacional transversal nos municípios de Posadas e Garupá com o objetivo de descrever a situação social, o conhecimento sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) e a prevalência da infecção pelo Treponema pallidum e pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) em adolescentes matriculados em áreas vulneráveis do Departamento Capital de Misiones (Argentina). Foram realizadas 1.336 inquéritos e 347 testes sorológicos em adolescentes de 19 escolas de ensino fundamental e médio, sendo 64% (857) de Posadas e 36% (479) de Garupá. A mediana de idade foi de 13 anos. As respostas afirmativas sobre as informações prestadas em saúde reprodutiva foram em Posadas 73% e em Garupá 49%; a área de informação mais citada foi as escolas (Posadas 92% e Garupá 76%). A maioria respondeu que seu grupo de amigos consumia bebidas alcoólicas (Posadas 64% e Garupá 52%) e, com menor frequência, drogas (Posadas 21% e Garupá 17%). As respostas corretas sobre o conhecimento de ISTs foram superiores a 82%. Mais de 80% residiam em casas materiais com banheiros instalados e 9% em condições de superlotação. Adolescentes escolares com infecção pelo HIV não foram identificados, mas foi identificado um caso com infecção por T. pallidum (prevalência: 0,29%; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,05-1,62%). O estudo mostrou prevalência muito baixa de infecção por T. pallidum e prevalência zero para HIV em adolescentes escolares residentes em áreas de vulnerabilidade social. A constituição familiar e a escolaridade podem ser fatores protetores para essas infecções.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Serologic Tests , Syphilis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , HIV Infections , Seroepidemiologic Studies , HIV , Treponema pallidum , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Friends , Minors , Ethanol , Alcoholic Beverages , Educational Status , Reproductive Health , Protective Factors , Social Vulnerability , Infections
12.
Rev. med. vet. zoot ; 69(1): 11-18, ene.-abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1389163

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La leucemia viral felina (ViLeF) es una enfermedad retroviral letal, de una elevada prevalência en Colombia, que afecta a felinos de diferentes edades y sexos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia por serodiagnóstico de ViLeF en felinos del centro integral de bienestar animal Ceiba, ubicado en Rionegro, Antioquia (Colombia), en 2020. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal de serofrecuencia de ViLeF desde enero hasta diciembre de 2020. Fueron muestreados 92 gatos, a los cuales se les efectuó una prueba p27 por inmunoensayo comercial Elisa (Idexx©, Snap Combo Plus®, Maine, EE. UU.). La frecuencia de felinos positivos fue 30/92 (32,60%) y el mes de mayo fue el de mayor frecuencia (9,78%). Los machos positivos fueron 17/92 (18,47%) y las hembras 13/92 (14,13%). La edad promedio de seropositividad fue 2,14 años. La frecuencia de ViLeF en 2020 para Ceiba, Rionegro (Colombia) es de 32,60%, un valor elevado con respecto a descripciones en otros albergues para felinos. ViLeF es una enfermedad que está siendo reportada con mayor frecuencia en Colombia, debido a que las medidas de prevención no se están adoptando rutinariamente.


ABSTRACT Feline viral leukemia (ViLeF) is a lethal retroviral disease with a high prevalence in Colombia that affects felines of different ages and sexes. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequency by serodiagnosis of ViLeF in felines of the integral center of animal welfare Ceiba, located in Rionegro, Antioquia (Colombia), during 2020. For that, a longitudinal descriptive study of ViLeF serofrequency from were made January to December 2020. 92 cats were sampled, which were tested for p27 by commercial Elisa immunoassay (Idexx©, Snap Combo Plus®, Maine, USA). The frequency of positive felines was 30/92 (32,60%). May was the month with the highest frequency (9,78%). The positivity frequency for males was 17/92 (18,47%) and the frequency for females 13/92 (14,13%). The main age of seropositivity was 2,14 years. The frequency of ViLeF in 2020 for Ceiba, Rionegro (Colombia) is 32,60%. This is a high value in comparison to descriptions in other shelters for felines. ViLeF, in Colombia, is a disease that has been reported with more frequency because prevention measures are not being adopted routinely.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Morbidity , Chromatography, Affinity , Leukemia, Feline , Leukemia Virus, Feline , Felidae , Immunoassay , Serologic Tests , Disease , Prevalence
13.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 6(1): 4-48, jan.mar.2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400091

ABSTRACT

A alergia ocular, também conhecida como conjuntivite alérgica (CA), é uma reação de hipersensibilidade mediada por imunoglobulina E (IgE) do olho desencadeada por aeroalérgenos, principalmente ácaros da poeira doméstica e pólen de gramíneas. Os sintomas geralmente consistem em prurido ocular ou periocular, lacrimejamento e olhos vermelhos que podem estar presentes durante todo o ano ou sazonalmente. A alergia ocular tem frequência elevada, é subdiagnosticada e pode ser debilitante para o paciente. É potencialmente danosa para a visão, nos casos em que ocasiona cicatrização corneana grave, e na maioria dos pacientes associa-se a outros quadros alérgicos, principalmente rinite, asma e dermatite atópica. É classificada em conjuntivite alérgica perene, conjuntivite alérgica sazonal, ceratoconjuntivite atópica e ceratoconjuntivite vernal. O diagnóstico procura evidenciar o agente etiológico e a confirmação se dá pela realização do teste de provocação conjuntival. O tratamento baseia-se em evitar o contato com os desencadeantes, lubrificação, anti-histamínicos tópicos, estabilizadores de mastócitos, imunossupressores e imunoterapia específica com o objetivo de obter o controle e prevenir as complicações da doença.


Ocular allergy, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, is an immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity reaction of the eye triggered by airborne allergens, primarily house dust mites and grass pollen. Symptoms usually consist of ocular or periocular itching, watery eyes, and red eyes that may be present year-round or seasonally. Ocular allergy has a high frequency, is underdiagnosed, and can be debilitating for the patient. It is potentially harmful to vision in cases of severe corneal scarring, and in most patients, it is associated with other allergic conditions, especially rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. It is classified as perennial allergic conjunctivitis, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Diagnosis seeks to identify the etiologic agent, and confirmation is given by conjunctival provocation testing. Treatment is based on avoiding contact with triggers, lubrication, topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, immunosuppressants, and specific immunotherapy with the aim of achieving control and preventing disease complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics , Conjunctivitis, Allergic , Diagnosis , Keratoconjunctivitis , Patients , Plants, Medicinal , Pruritus , Psychotherapy , Asthma , Signs and Symptoms , Societies, Medical , Vision, Ocular , Climate Change , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/complications , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Complementary Therapies , Immunoglobulin E , Serologic Tests , Skin Tests , Allergens , Rhinitis , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal , Probiotics , Acupuncture , Pyroglyphidae , Dermatitis, Atopic , Environmental Pollution , Allergy and Immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Omalizumab , Mast Cell Stabilizers , Histamine Antagonists , Hypersensitivity , Immunosuppressive Agents , Immunotherapy , Medicine, Ayurvedic , Mites
14.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 29(1): 41-45, jan./mar. 2022. il.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1393235

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to promote the standardization of an indirect, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serological detection of B. anserina in Gallus gallusdomesticus. An aliquoted sera from vaccinated chicken with B. anserina antigen (GI), experimental infected chickens with B. anserina (GII) and rustic poultry rearing of G. gallus (GIII) were tested with in-house ELISA developed to detect serum antibodies against B. anserina in G. gallus domesticus. On average, the experimentally infected chickens became positive at 9 DPI a mean ± standard deviation (SD) ODI value of 163.11 ± 70.65. The highest observed Optical Density Index (ODI) was 372.54 ± 132.39, at 26 DPI, and the highest overall ODI value was 626.51. The vaccinated chickens became positive between 8 and 10 DPV, with an ODI of 245.59 at 10 DPV, with an overall maximum ODI of 543.13. A total of 108 blood samples were collected from poultry raised on rustic farms. Of the total samples collected, 58.33% (63/108) were considered positive for B. anserina. The maximum ODI found among these rustic chickens was 283.24. This stardardization provided a sensitivity and specificity of 100%.


Este estudo teve como objetivo promover a padronização de um ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA) para a detecção sorológica de Borrelia anserina em Gallus gallus domesticus. Um frango vacinado com antígeno de B. anserina (GI), frangos infectados experimentalmente com B. anserina (GII) e frangos criados de forma rústica (GIII) foram testados com ELISA indireto in house desenvolvido para a detecção sorológica contra B. anserina em G. gallus domesticus. Em média, os frangos infectados experimentalmente tornaram-se positivos aos 9º dia pós-inoculação (DPI), um valor do índice de densidade óptica (ODI) médio ± desvio padrão (SD) de 163,11 ± 70,65. O maior ODI observado foi 372,54 ± 132,39, em 26ºDPI, e o maior valor geral de ODI foi 626,51. Os frangos vacinados tornaram-se positivos entre 8º e 10° DPV, com um ODI de 245,59 a 10 DPV, com um ODI máximo geral de 543,13. Um total de 108 amostras de sangue foram coletadas de aves criadas em fazendas rústicas. Do total de amostras coletadas, 58,33% (63/108) foram consideradas positivas para B. anserina. O ODI máximo encontrado entre essas galinhas rústicas foi 283,24. Essa padronização proporcionou sensibilidade e especificidade de 100%.


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry Diseases/diagnosis , Borrelia/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Chickens/immunology , Antibodies/analysis
15.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1361480

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar o resultado de teste Ml Flow entre casos de hanseníase recém-diagnosticados e contatos intradomiciliares.Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa realizado no município de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil, onde recrutou-se casos recém-diagnosticados, virgens de tratamento e contatos intradomiciliares. Resultados: recrutou-se 324 contatos de casos de hanseníase, no período de 2015 a 2018. Nos casos recém-diagnosticados o teste Ml Flow foi negativo em 87,5% (7/8) dos paucibacilares e positivo em 70% (21/30) dos multibacilares, ambos concordantes com a baciloscopia do raspado intradérmico. Identificou-se 30 (9%) contatos intradomiciliares com alto risco de adoecer. Conclusão: o teste Ml Flow constitui-se uma ferramenta útil para correta detecção de contatos com alta chance de adoecer da hanseníase, bem como para classificar corretamente os casos novos


Objective: to identify the Ml Flow test result between newly diagnosed leprosy cases and household contacts. Methods: cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out in the city of Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil, where newly diagnosed cases, treatment virgins and intra-household contacts were recruited. Results: 324 contacts of leprosy cases were recruited from 2015 to 2018. In newly diagnosed cases, the Ml Flow test was negative in 87.5% (7/8) of paucibacillary patients and positive in 70% (21/ 30) of the multibacillary, both in agreement with the bacilloscopy of the intradermal smear. Thirty (9%) household contacts with high risk of illness were identified. Conclusion: the Ml Flow test is a useful tool for the correct detection of contacts with a high chance of getting sick from leprosy, as well as for correctly classifying new cases


Objetivo: identificar el resultado de la prueba Ml Flow entre casos de lepra recién diagnosticados y contactos domésticos. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo realizado en la ciudad de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil, donde se reclutaron casos recién diagnosticados, vírgenes en tratamiento y contactos intrafamiliares. Resultados: se reclutaron 324 contactos de casos de lepra entre 2015 y 2018. En los casos recién diagnosticados, la prueba Ml Flow fue negativa en el 87,5% (7/8) de los pacientes paucibacilares y positiva en el 70% (21/30) de los multibacilares, ambos de acuerdo con la baciloscopia del frotis intradérmico. Identificamos 30 (9%) contactos dentro del hogar con alto riesgo de enfermarse. Conclusión: la prueba Ml Flow es una herramienta útil para la correcta detección de contactos con alta probabilidad de enfermarse de lepra, así como para clasificar correctamente nuevos casos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Serologic Tests , Early Diagnosis , Leprosy , Communicable Diseases , Neglected Diseases
16.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 56: e20220146, 2022. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1406778

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the rate of reactive treponemal and non-treponemal tests in pregnant women during childbirth and to analyze the factors associated with this seroreactivity. Method: this is a cross-sectional, quantitative study with secondary sources of sociodemographic and clinical data on 2,626 pregnant women treated at a public maternity hospital in the interior of São Paulo, in 2020. For statistical analysis, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test and the logistic regression model were used. A difference of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: the rate of seropositivity for syphilis among pregnant women in this series was 2.74%. Among the groups with positive and non-reactive tests, marital status, occupation, place of residence and use of licit drugs indicated significant differences, but, in the final model, only unmarried marital status was associated with reactive tests (Odds Ratio: 0.169; Confidence Interval: 0.04-0.72; and p: 0.016). Conclusion: in this study, unmarried marital status was the only independent factor associated with seroreactivity for syphilis. Therefore, it is necessary to create strategies aimed at women in this condition, potentially reducing the rate of congenital syphilis.


RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la tasa de pruebas treponémicas y no treponémicas reactivas en gestantes durante el parto y analizar los factores asociados a esta serorreactividad. Método: estudio transversal, cuantitativo con fuentes secundarias de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos de 2.626 gestantes atendidas en una maternidad pública del interior de São Paulo, en 2020. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron las pruebas exactas de Fisher, las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y el modelo de regresión logística. Se consideró estadísticamente significativa una diferencia de p < 0,05. Resultados: la tasa de seropositividad para sífilis entre las gestantes de esta serie fue de 2,74%. Entre los grupos con pruebas positivas y no reactivas, estado civil, ocupación, lugar de residencia y uso de drogas lícitas indicaron diferencias significativas, pero, en el modelo final, solo el estado civil soltero se asoció con las pruebas reactivas (odds ratio: 0,169; intervalo de confianza: 0,04-0,72; y p: 0,016). Conclusión: en este estudio, el estado civil soltero fue el único factor independiente asociado a la serorreactividad para sífilis. Por lo tanto, es necesario crear estrategias dirigidas a mujeres en esta condición, potencialmente reduciendo la tasa de sífilis congénita.


RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a taxa de testes treponêmicos e não treponêmicos reagentes em gestantes no período do parto e analisar os fatores associados a essa sororreatividade. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, com fontes secundárias de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos de 2.626 gestantes atendidas em uma maternidade pública do interior paulista, em 2020. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados os Testes Exato de Fisher, de Mann-Whitney e o modelo de regressão logística. Considerou-se diferença com significância estatística valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: a taxa de soropositividade para sífilis entre gestantes nesta casuística foi de 2,74%. Entre os grupos com testes reagentes e não reagentes à situação maritária, ocupação, local da residência e uso de drogas lícitas indicaram diferenças significantes, mas, no modelo final, apenas a situação marital não casada apresentou associação com os testes reagentes (Odds Ratio: 0,169; Intervalo de Confiança: 0,04-0,72; e p: 0,016). Conclusão neste estudo, a situação maritária não casada foi o único fator independente associado à sororreatividade para a sífilis. Por isso, faz-se necessária a criação de estratégias voltadas para mulheres nessa condição, potencialmente reduzindo a taxa de sífilis congênita.


Subject(s)
Prenatal Care , Serologic Tests , Syphilis , Pregnancy , Causality
17.
Vet. zootec ; 29: 1-9, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1380743

ABSTRACT

As doenças transmitidas por carrapatos são afecções de grande importância na clínica médica de pequenos animais, devido à alta casuística e ampla distribuição vetorial no território brasileiro. Os principais agentes responsáveis pelas infecções em cães são Babesia sp., Ehrlichia canis e Hepatozoon canis. Os animais infectados são assintomáticos ou apresentam sinais clínicos inespecíficos, sendo necessário a utilização de testes diagnósticos para definição do agente etiológico, e diagnóstico seguro. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a ocorrência desses micro-organismos em cães naturalmente infectados, domiciliados nos municípios de Vila Velha e Anchieta, Espírito Santo, utilizando diferentes testes de detecção: Reação em cadeia polimerase (PCR), sorologia para detecção de anticorpos anti Ehrlichia canis e pesquisa de hematozoários em esfregaço sanguíneo. Foram analisadas 65 amostras de sangue obtidas por venopunção de veia cefálica de cães. No teste de PCR, 4,62% dos animais foram positivos para Babesia vogeli e 1,54% para Ehrlichia canis sendo os resultados para Hepatozoon canis negativos. No teste sorológico para E. canis 90,77% dos animais foram positivos para a presença de anticorpos, e na pesquisa em lâminas de esfregaço sanguíneo 3,02% apresentavam outros hemoparasitas. Os resultados indicam a dispersão desses hemoparasitas na população canina da região de estudo, entretanto com baixa ocorrência. O teste de PCR demonstrou-se como o mais sensível no qual Babesia vogeli foi o agente mais observado.(AU)


Tick-borne diseases are diseases of great importance in the medical practice of small animals, due to the high casuistry and wide vectorial distribution in the Brazilian territory. The main agents responsible for infections in dogs are Babesia sp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis. Infected animals are asymptomatic or present nonspecific clinical signs, requiring the use of diagnostic tests to define the etiologic agent, and safe diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence of these microorganisms in naturally infected dogs domiciled in the municipalities of Vila Velha and Anchieta, Espírito Santo, using different detection tests: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serology to detect antibodies against Ehrlichia canis and research of hematozoa in blood smears. Sixty-five blood samples obtained by venipuncture of the cephalic vein of dogs were analyzed. In the PCR test, 4.62% of the animals were positive for Babesia vogeli and 1.54% for Ehrlichia canis, and the results for Hepatozoon canis were negative. In the serological test for E. canis, 90.77% of the animals were positive for the presence of antibodies, and in the research in blood smear slides, 3.02% presented other hemoparasites. The results indicate the dispersion of these hemoparasites in the canine population of the study region, however with low occurrence. The PCR test proved to be the most sensitive, in which Babesia vogeli was the most observed agent.(AU)


Las enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas son enfermedades de gran importancia en la práctica médica de los pequeños animales, debido a la alta casuística y amplia distribución vectorial en el territorio brasileño. Los principales agentes responsables de las infecciones en los perros son Babesia sp., Ehrlichia canis y Hepatozoon canis. Los animales infectados son asintomáticos o presentan signos clínicos inespecíficos, siendo necesario el uso de pruebas diagnósticas para la definición del agente etiológico, y el diagnóstico seguro. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la ocurrencia de estos microorganismos en perros infectados naturalmente, domiciliados en los municipios de Vila Velha y Anchieta, Espírito Santo, utilizando diferentes pruebas de detección: reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), serología para detectar anticuerpos anti Ehrlichia canis e investigación de hematozoos en frotis de sangre. Se analizaron sesenta y cinco muestras de sangre obtenidas por venopunción de la vena cefálica de los perros. En la prueba PCR, el 4,62% de los animales fueron positivos para Babesia vogeli y el 1,54% para Ehrlichia canis, y los resultados para Hepatozoon canis fueron negativos. En la prueba serológica para E. canis, el 90,77% de los animales fueron positivos a la presencia de anticuerpos, y en la investigación en láminas de frotis de sangre el 3,02% presentaron otros hemoparásitos. Los resultados indican la dispersión de estos hemoparásitos en la población canina de la región de estudio, aunque con una baja presencia. La prueba PCR resultó ser la más sensible, en la que Babesia vogeli fue el agente más observado.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Babesiosis/diagnosis , Eucoccidiida , Ehrlichiosis/diagnosis , Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology , Coccidiosis/diagnosis , Dogs/parasitology , Babesia , Serologic Tests/instrumentation , Polymerase Chain Reaction/instrumentation , Ehrlichia canis
18.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(2): 123-132, 2022. ilus., tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1381091

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad celíaca (EC) es una patología sistémica inmunomediada por el gluten en la dieta en personas genéticamente susceptibles con un amplio rango de manifestaciones clínicas, respuesta serológica específica y un daño variable de la mucosa intestinal. Objetivo: revisar la fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento, seguimiento y pronóstico de la EC, resaltando la importancia de reconocerla y proponer un algoritmo diagnóstico para la población colombiana. Materiales y métodos: revisión crítica de la literatura científica en las bases de datos Medline y buscadores específicos PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, SCIELO, filtrando resultados a revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, ensayos controlados aleatorios y guías de práctica clínica, con un total de 1209 artículos, de los cuales se priorizaron 53. Resultados y discusión: la prevalencia de la EC viene en aumento en países en vía de desarrollo. El diagnóstico tiene tres pilares fundamentales: la identificación de casos de alto riesgo o sospecha por manifestaciones clínicas, un perfil serológico de anticuerpos específicos y hallazgos histológicos característicos. El tratamiento se basa en una dieta sin gluten, en la detección temprana de complicaciones y el manejo de las alteraciones nutricionales. Conclusión: en Colombia no existen protocolos de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EC, como tampoco una legislación clara con respecto al etiquetado de productos libres de gluten. Hay que establecer estrategias para impactar el curso natural de la enfermedad, las morbilidades asociadas y la calidad de vida de los pacientes.


Introduction: celiac disease (CD) is a systemic diet-gluten-immune-mediated enteropathy occurring in genetically susceptible individuals featuring a broad range of clinical manifestations, a specific serological response and variable intestinal mucosal damage. Objective: to review CD pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and prognosis, highlighting the importance of awareness about this disorder and development of a diagnostic algorithm for Colombian population. Materials and methods: scientific literature critical review in the Medline databases and PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, SCIELO specific search engines, using filters to retrieve systematic reviews, metanalyses, randomized controlled trials and clinical practice guidelines, finding 1209 articles, prioritizing 53. Results and discussion: the prevalence of CD is increasing in developing countries. Diagnosis is based on 3 fundamental pillars: identification of higher-risk populations or suspicion based on clinical manifestations, serological profile of specific antibodies and characteristic histological findings. Treatment is based on a gluten-free diet, early detection of complications and nutritional alterations management. Conclusion: there are no CD diagnosis and treatment protocols, nor clear regulations on labelling gluten-free products, in Colombia. Establishing strategies to impact the natural course of CD, associated morbidities and quality of life, is required


Subject(s)
Celiac Disease , Algorithms , Serologic Tests , Diet , Diet, Gluten-Free , Intestinal Diseases
19.
Rev. patol. trop ; 51(1): 63-72, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411459

ABSTRACT

Dengue is a worldwide spread arboviral disease. Huánuco region is an endemic area for dengue. Understanding the influence of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) in dengue endemic areas can provide important insight for improving public health policies. The purpose of this study was to understand the KAP about dengue in the marginal urban city of Tingo Maria, district of Rupa-Rupa, a rain forest area in Huánuco region and its association with positive serology for dengue. An analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in which a randomized sample of 112 people were evaluated using a semi structured questionnaire and tested for IgG against dengue virus. Most participants recruited were from marginal urban settlements. The median age was 38 years and 64% were female. A bivariate analysis showed an association between educational level and serological positivity. Over 95% of participants with only primary school education had a positive serological test for dengue. No statistical significances were found between attitudes towards dengue control initiatives (p=0.221), preventive practices against dengue (p=0.773), and the level of knowledge about dengue (p=0.073). Although attitudes, preventive practices and level of knowledge were not related to positive serology in dengue cases, educational level showed an association with serological positivity for dengue.


Subject(s)
Immunoglobulin G , Serologic Tests , Dengue , Dengue Virus
20.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 21: e60616, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1421219

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência assistencial de enfermeiras da Atenção Primária à Saúde, do município de Florianópolis/Santa Catarina, no combate à pandemia de COVID-19. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência de abordagem descritiva acerca da organização e desenvolvimento do processo de trabalho de enfermeiras inseridas no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde no combate à pandemia de COVID-19. Resultados: descrevem como foi feita a avaliação e manejo das pessoas sintomáticas respiratórias que buscavam a atenção primária, a experiência com a testagem e detecção precoce da COVID-19, o monitoramento dos casos suspeitos como uma estratégia de combate à pandemia,bem como o papel do enfermeiro atuante em todas as frentes de enfrentamento da pandemia. Considerações finais: a enfermagem ocupa um papel fundamental no combate à pandemia de COVID-19 atrelado ao uso de um protocolo e os cuidados de saúde, assumindo, assim, em sua grande maioria, a linha de frente deste cenário.


RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar la experiencia asistencial de enfermeras de la Atención Primaria de la Salud, del municipio de Florianópolis/Santa Catarina-Brasil, en el combate a la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: se trata de un relato de experiencia de enfoque descriptivo acerca de la organización y el desarrollo del proceso de trabajo de enfermeras insertadas en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de la Salud en la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19. Resultados: describen cómo se realizó la evaluación y el manejo de las personas sintomáticas respiratorias que buscaban la atención primaria, la experiencia con la prueba y detección precoz del COVID-19, el monitoreo de los casos sospechosos como una estrategia de combate a la pandemia, así como el papel del enfermero activo en todos los frentes de enfrentamiento de la pandemia. Consideraciones finales: la enfermería desempeña un papel fundamental en la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19 vinculada al uso de un protocolo y a los cuidados de salud, asumiendo así, en su gran mayoría, la línea de frente de este escenario.


ABSTRACT Objective: to report care experiences of Primary Health Care nurses, in the city of Florianópolis/Santa Catarina, in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is a descriptive experience report about the organization and development of Primary Health Care nurses' work process in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: we described how the assessment and management of respiratory symptomatic people who sought primary care was carried out, the experience with testing and early detection of COVID-19, monitoring of suspected cases as a strategy to combat the pandemic, as well as nurses' role acting on all fronts of coping with the pandemic. Final considerations: nursing plays a fundamental role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, linked to the use of a protocol and health care, thus assuming, for the most part, the front line of this scenario.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nursing , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Serologic Tests , Environmental Monitoring , Guidelines as Topic
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