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1.
Estilos clín ; 29(2)2024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1571022

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo busca explorar a incidência da feminilidade (Weiblichkeit), a elaboração da sexualidade feminina (Weiblichsexualität) e a ambivalência afetiva nas relações primárias relação mãe e filha. Para tal, lançará mão das teorizações freudianas a partir da teoria da clínica psicanalítica e de uma interlocução com um romance da escritora italiana Elena Ferrante. Primeiramente, será trabalhada a lógica do inconsciente, assim como a pertinência da clínica e de possíveis incursões na literatura para apreensão de conceitos fundamentais da teoria psicanalítica. Em seguida, serão abordados marcadores mais precisos da constituição feminina, enfatizando a configuração afetiva que caracteriza o funcionamento pré-edípico. Ao longo destes desdobramentos, serão apresentados fragmentos da literatura mencionada que podem lançar luz sobre os impasses da relação mãe e filha, destacando o valor de aplicação clínica das passagens


Este artículo busca explorar la incidencia de la feminidad (Weiblichkeit), la elaboración de la sexualidad femenina (Weiblichsexualität) y la ambivalencia afectiva en las relaciones primarias madre-hija. Para ello, hará uso de teorías freudianas desde la teoría de la clínica psicoanalítica y una interlocución con un romance de la escritora italiana Elena Ferrante. Primero, se trabajará lalógica del inconsciente, así como la pertinencia de la clínica y de posibles incursiones en la literatura para la aprehensión de conceptos fundamentales de la teoría psicoanalítica. A continuación, se abordarán marcadores más precisos de la constitución femenina, enfatizando la configuración afectiva que caracteriza el funcionamiento preedípico. A lo largo de estos desarrollos, se presentarán fragmentos de la literatura mencionada que pueden arrojar luz sobre los impasses en la relación madre-hija, destacando el valor de aplicación clínica de los passajes


This article aims to explore the incidence of femininity (Weiblichkeit), the development of female sexuality (Weiblichsexualität), and the affective ambivalence in primary mother-daughter relationships. To do so, it will draw upon Freudian theories from the field of psychoanalytic clinical theory and engage with a novel by Italian writer Elena Ferrante. At first, the logic of the unconscious will be examined, as well as the relevance of clinical practice and possible forays into literature for grasping fundamental concepts of psychoanalytic theory. Subsequently, more precise markers of feminine constitution will be addressed, with emphasis on the affective configuration characterizing pre-Oedipal functioning. Throughout these unfoldings, literary fragments will be presented to shed light on the impasses within the mother-daughter relationship, highlighting the clinical application value of the passages


Cet article cherche à explorer l'incidence de la féminité (Weiblichkeit), l'élaboration de la sexualité féminine (Weiblichsexualität) et l'ambivalence affective dans les relations primaires mère-fille. À cette fin, il utilisera les théories freudiennes de la théorie de la clinique psychanalytique et une interlocution avec un roman de l'écrivaine italienne Elena Ferrante. Dans un premier temps, la logique de l'inconscient sera travaillée, ainsi que la pertinence de la clinique et de possibles incursions dans la littérature pour l'appréhension des concepts fondamentaux de la théorie psychanalytique. Ensuite, des marqueurs plus précis de la constitution féminine seront abordés, en insistant sur la configuration affective qui caractérise le fonctionnement pré-oedipien. Tout au long de ces développements, seront présentés des fragments de la littérature précitée pouvant éclairer les impasses de la relation mère-fille, mettre en évidence la valeur d'application clinique des passages


Subject(s)
Psychoanalytic Theory , Sexuality , Femininity , Mother-Child Relations , Affect , Sexual Development , Literature
2.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1009317

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a rare case with Disorder of sex development.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of the patient was collected. Chromosomal karyotyping, SRY gene testing, whole exome sequencing (WES), low-coverage massively parallel copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were carried out.@*RESULTS@#The patient, a 14-year-old female, had manifested short stature and dysplasia of second sex characteristics. She was found to have a 46,XY karyotype and positive for the SRY gene. No pathogenic variant was found by WES, except a duplication at Yp11.32q12. The result of CNV-seq was 47,XYY. FISH has confirmed mosaicism for a dicentric Y chromosome. A 23.66 Mb duplication on Yp11.32q11.223 and a 5.16 Mb deletion on Yq11.223q11.23 were found by WGS. The breakpoint was mapped at chrY: 23656267. The patient's karyotype was ultimately determined as 46,X,psu idic(Y)(q11.223)/46,X,del(Y)(q11.223).@*CONCLUSION@#The combination of multiple methods has facilitated clarification of the genetic etiology in this patient, which has provided a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Adolescent , DNA Copy Number Variations , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Y Chromosome , Sexual Development , Mosaicism
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e254483, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1440795

ABSTRACT

Compreender as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas por adolescentes na relação com seus pais é fundamental para entender como ocorre seu desenvolvimento saudável. Este artigo investigou a resolução de conflitos de adolescentes em situações de confronto entre o seu domínio pessoal e o controle parental. 36 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, divididos igualmente conforme o sexo, responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, que continha quatro situações de conflito hipotéticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica e a testes não paramétricos. Os resultados foram categorizados em sete estratégias: Assunção de culpa, Submissão, Mentira, Hostilidade, Diálogo/Explicação, Negociação e Outra. A forma predominante de resolução utilizada foi o Diálogo/Explicação, considerada como uma forma recorrente de defender o domínio pessoal. Foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao sexo dos participantes e à situação hipotética. Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em termos de grau de autonomia e tipo de defesa do domínio pessoal.(AU)


Understanding the conflict resolution strategies used by adolescents in their relationship with their parents is fundamental to understanding how their healthy development occurs. This article investigated the resolution of conflicts by adolescents in confrontation situations between their personal domain and parental control. A total of 36 adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years, divided equally according to sex, answered a semi-structured interview that contained four hypothetical conflict situations. Data were subjected to semantic content analysis and non-parametric tests. The results were categorized into seven strategies: Assumption of Guilt, Submission, Lie, Hostility, Dialogue/Explanation, Negotiation, and Other. The predominant form of resolution used was Dialogue/Explanation, considered a recurrent form of defense of the personal domain. Differences were found depending on the participants' gender and the hypothetical situation. Finally, the results are discussed regarding the degree of autonomy and type of defense of the personal domain.(AU)


Enterarse de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos que los adolescentes utilizan en la relación con sus padres es fundamental para comprender cómo ocurre el desarrollo saludable de los adolescentes. A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada, presentamos cuatro situaciones hipotéticas de conflicto que fueron analizadas y respondidas por 36 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años, divididos según el género. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido semántico y a pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados se categorizaron en siete estrategias de resolución de conflictos: Asunción de culpa, Sumisión, Mentira, Hostilidad, Diálogo/Explicación, Negociación y Otros. La forma de resolución más utilizada fue Diálogo/Explicación, y esta categoría fue una forma de defensa del dominio personal. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias en función del género de los participantes y conforme la situación hipotética. Los resultados se discuten en términos de grado de autonomía y tipo de defensa del dominio personal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Negotiating , Family Conflict , Anxiety , Orientation , Parent-Child Relations , Personal Satisfaction , Personality , Personality Development , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Psychosexual Development , Psychotherapy , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Role , Sex , Authoritarianism , Social Behavior Disorders , Social Change , Social Dominance , Social Environment , Socialization , Stereotyping , Stress, Psychological , Avoidance Learning , Taboo , Temperament , Temperance , Violence , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Career Choice , Attitude , Child Advocacy , Child Welfare , Choice Behavior , Mental Health , Puberty , Adolescent Behavior , Parenting , Intergenerational Relations , Codependency, Psychological , Interview , Communication , Comprehensive Health Care , Privacy , Adult , Sexuality , Conduct Disorder , Feedback, Psychological , Disclosure , Dangerous Behavior , Principle-Based Ethics , Decision Making , Harm Reduction , Moral Development , Dissent and Disputes , Trust , Friends , Adolescent Development , Sexual Development , Dominance-Subordination , Education , Educational Status , Ego , Emotions , Escape Reaction , Fear , Emotional Intelligence , Sense of Coherence , Forgiveness , Protective Factors , Social Norms , Emotional Adjustment , Underage Drinking , Peer Influence , Conservative Treatment , Perfectionism , Cell Phone Use , Incivility , Self-Management , Ethnocentrism , Freedom , Frustration , Psychological Distress , Social Integration , Empowerment , Transtheoretical Model , Disinformation , Social Cohesion , Citizenship , Gestalt Therapy , Family Support , Psychological Well-Being , Guilt , Happiness , Hormones , Hostility , Human Development , Human Rights , Identity Crisis , Individuation , Juvenile Delinquency , Anger , Leisure Activities , Life Change Events , Loneliness , Love , Deception , Morals , Narcissism , Object Attachment
4.
Poiésis (En línea) ; (44): 46-64, 2023. tab, fig
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1510120

ABSTRACT

Familia y escuela son instituciones primarias de la sociedad que convergen en la construcción de las bases del carácter y las pautas de comportamiento; por ello, se espera que en estas inicien los acompañamientos al desarrollo afectivo-sexual, mediante el reconocimiento del derecho a la libertad y la autonomía de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la transformación de las perspectivas sobre el acompañamiento afectivo-sexual de la familia y la escuela. Se llevó a cabo una revisión documental de textos académicos que tratan a la familia y la escuela como escenarios de formación afectivo-sexual. Se encontró que las perspectivas del acompañamiento afectivo-sexual son muy diversas, en ocasiones se abordan con fines informativos y, otras, como un elemento importante para la formación de seres sociales. Se concluyó que familia y escuela son aptas para ofrecer acompañamiento afectivo-sexual, por lo cual es importante que su labor sea colaborativa y en pro de la libertad y autonomía de los niños, niñas y adolescentes.


Family and school are the primary institutions of society, which converge in the construction of the foundations of character and behavior patterns; For this reason, it is there that support for affective-sexual development is expected to begin, by recognizing the right to freedom and autonomy of children and adolescents. This article aimed to analyze how the perspectives on the affective-sexual accompaniment of the family and the school have been transformed. A documentary review of academic texts that treat the family and the school as scenarios of affective-sexual formation was carried out. It was found that the perspectives of affective-sexual accompaniment are very diverse, sometimes it is addressed for informational purposes and, others, as an important element for the formation of social beings. It was concluded that family and school are suitable to offer affective-sexual accompaniment, for which it is important that their work is collaborative and in favor of the freedom and autonomy of children and adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Sexual Development , Child Development , Adolescent Development
5.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e243741, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1431125

ABSTRACT

Este artigo reflete sobre os modos como a cisnormatividade, conceito impulsionado pelos transfeminismos, tem auxiliado na composição da psicologia de maneira histórica. Ao elaborar uma crítica sobre como a violência de gênero está expressivamente presente no território brasileiro, discute-se como tem sido pensada a saúde mental, esfera que, uma vez inserida nesse contexto mais amplo, está sendo convocada a produzir saídas criativas em relação aos sujeitos que são alvo de discriminações transfóbicas. Na busca de deslocar o olhar do indivíduo para o social, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico para investigar os diferentes impactos que a cisnormatividade opera em nossos currículos psicológicos, gerando efeitos na prática e na própria profissão. A aposta está em reconhecer outras epistemologias como projetos éticos e políticos a uma psicologia contemporânea, e a contribuição transfeminista a "outra" clínica. É nesse sentido que este trabalho se destina a pensar um modo de cuidado que esteja baseado na singularidade, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, seja capaz de dedicar alguma atenção ao paradigma normativo que nos guia como terapeutas.(AU)


This article reflects on the ways that cisnormativity, a concept boosted by transfeminisms, has played a historical role in the composition of psychology. Elaborating a criticism on how gender violence is expressively present in the Brazilian territory, we discuss how mental health is conceived, a sphere that, inserted in this wider context, is invited to create creative solutions related to the subjects who are the target of transphobic discrimination. Trying to shift the focus from the individual to the collective, a bibliographical study was conducted to recognize the different impacts that cisnormativity has in our psychological curriculums, having effects on the practice and on the profession itself. The goal is to recognize other epistemologies as ethical and political projects for contemporary psychology and the transfeminist contribution to "another" clinic. It is in this sense that this work aims to think about a form of care that is based on singularity, but that can also pay attention to the normative paradigm that guides us as therapists.(AU)


Este artículo reflexiona sobre las formas en que la cisnormatividad, un concepto impulsado por los transfeminismos, ha tenido un papel en la composición de la psicología de manera histórica. Al elaborar una crítica sobre como la violencia de género está expresamente presente en el territorio brasileño, se discute cómo se ha pensado la salud mental, dominio que, una vez insertado en este contexto más amplio, es convocado a producir soluciones creativas con relación a los sujetos que son objeto de discriminación transfóbica. Al desviar el enfoque del individuo hacia lo social, se realizó un estudio bibliográfico para investigar los diferentes impactos que tiene la cisnormatividad en nuestros planes de estudios psicológicos, generando efectos en la práctica y en la propia profesión. El foco está en reconocer otras epistemologías como proyectos éticos y políticos para la psicología contemporánea y la contribución transfeminista a una "otra" clínica. En este sentido, este trabajo pretende pensar en una forma de cuidado que se basa en la singularidad, al mismo tiempo que sea capaz de dedicar cierta atención al paradigma normativo que a nosotras nos guía como terapeutas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology , Feminism , Sexism , Hospitals , Anxiety , Prejudice , Psychiatry , Psychoanalysis , Psychology, Social , Psychosexual Development , Religion , Reproduction , Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena , Science , Self Concept , Sex , Sexual Behavior , Sex Offenses , Social Adjustment , Social Change , Social Justice , Social Problems , Therapeutics , Transsexualism , Transvestism , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Biology , Body Image , Adaptation, Psychological , Sex Characteristics , Civil Rights , Cultural Diversity , Sexuality , Address , Heterosexuality , Dehumanization , Aggression , Racial Groups , Sexual Development , Reproductive Rights , Gender and Health , Mental Health Assistance , Existentialism , Femininity , Masculinity , Sex Reassignment Procedures , Sex Reassignment Surgery , Sexual Health , Homophobia , Transgender Persons , Social Norms , Help-Seeking Behavior , Gender Dysphoria , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Social Construction of Gender , Cisgender Persons , Gender Binarism , Androcentrism , Gender Stereotyping , Gender Studies , Freedom , Respect , Psychological Distress , Empowerment , Intersex Persons , Psychosocial Intervention , Gender Equity , Gender Role , Genitalia , Health Disparate Minority and Vulnerable Populations , Citizenship , Guilt , Hate , Hostility , Identity Crisis , Individuation , Morale
7.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics ; (12): 311-316, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935693

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sexual development in Chinese children. Methods: A nationwide multicenter and population-based large cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China from January 2017 to December 2018. Data on sex, age, height, weight were collected, BMI was calculated and sexual characteristics were analyzed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on age, including ages 3-<6 years, 6-<10 years, 10-<15 years and 15-<18 years. Multiple Logistic regression models were used for evaluating the associations of BMI with sexual development in children. Dichotomous Logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the distribution of early and non-early puberty among normal weight, overweight and obese groups. Curves were drawn to analyze the relationship between the percentage of early puberty and BMI distribution in girls and boys at different Tanner stages. Results: A total of 208 179 healthy children (96 471 girls and 111 708 boys) were enrolled in this study. The OR values of B2, B3 and B4+ in overweight girls were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.56-1.89), 3.19 (95%CI: 2.86-3.57), 7.14 (95%CI: 6.33-8.05) and in obese girls were 2.05 (95%CI: 1.88-2.24), 4.98 (95%CI: 4.49-5.53), 11.21 (95%CI: 9.98-12.59), respectively; while the OR values of G2, G3, G4+ in overweight boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.38), 1.52 (95%CI: 1.36-1.70), 1.88 (95%CI: 1.66-2.14) and in obese boys were 1.27 (95%CI: 1.17-1.37), 1.59 (95%CI: 1.43-1.78), and 1.93 (95%CI: 1.70-2.18) (compared with normal weight Tanner 1 group,all P<0.01). Analysis in different age groups found that OR values of obese girls at B2 stage and boys at G2 stage were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.06-3.86) and 2.32 (95%CI:1.05-5.12) in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, respectively (both P<0.05). And in the age group of 6-10 years, overweight girls had a 5.45-fold risk and obese girls had a 12.54-fold risk of B3 stage compared to girls with normal BMI. Compared with normal weight children, the risk of early puberty was 2.67 times higher in overweight girls, 3.63 times higher in obese girls, and 1.22 times higher in overweight boys, 1.35 times higher in obese boys (all P<0.01). Among the children at each Tanner stages, the percentage of early puberty increased with the increase of BMI, from 5.7% (80/1 397), 16.1% (48/299), 13.8% (27/195) to 25.7% (198/769), 65.1% (209/321), 65.4% (157/240) in girls aged 8-<9, 10-<11 and 11-<12 years, and 6.6% (34/513), 18.7% (51/273), 21.6% (57/264) to 13.3% (96/722), 46.4% (140/302), 47.5% (105/221) in boys aged 9-<10, 12-<13 and 13-<14 years, respectively. Conclusions: BMI is positively correlated with sexual development in both Chinese boys and girls, and the correlation is stronger in girls. Obesity is a risk factor for precocious puberty in preschool children aged 3-<6 years, and 6-<10 years of age is a high risk period for early development in obese girls.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Body Mass Index , China/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Puberty , Puberty, Precocious , Sexual Development
8.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 30(4): 240-252, 15/12/2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1368981

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Los desórdenes del desarrollo sexual (DDSs) son un grupo de condiciones médicas cuyo manejo implica un enfoque transdisciplinario. En la legislación colombiana, no existe una regulación específica en materia de intervenciones médicas en individuos con DDSs. La Corte Constitucional Colombiana se ha encargado de proferir sentencias, en las cuales se han establecido unos lineamientos y parámetros para el manejo jurídico de los casos de ambigüedad genital. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, nos proponemos en este artículo exponer y analizar, desde la visión de un grupo transdisciplinario, las sentencias más relevantes que han sido proferidas por la Corte Constitucional Colombiana. Métodos Se realizó una revisión narrativa en las bases de datos de la Corte Constitucional y de la literatura legal. Se recopilaron todas las sentencias disponibles, y se evaluaron lo casos clínicos identificados por el grupo transdisciplinario de DDSs del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Finalmente, los autores generaron por consenso un texto de discusión, como guía para los lectores, luego de analizar cada una de las sentencias y los casos presentados. Resultados Se identificaron 9 sentencias y los antecedentes que llevaron a la elaboración de cada una de ellas. Los nueve casos presentados contienen conceptos importantes para la articulación por parte del grupo transdisciplinario, tales como, autonomía, consentimiento sustituto y asistido, e indicación médica del tratamiento. Se excluyeron las sentencias T-692/99 y la T-918/2012, dado que daban información duplicada con referencia a sentencias incluidas en este documento. Conclusión La Corte Constitucional Colombiana ha proferido sentencias en las cuales no se ha contado con la participación de grupos de expertos. La terminología usada no describe apropiadamente el lenguaje técnico que se aplica al manejo de nuestros pacientes. Para el abordaje de individuos con DDSs, resulta muy importante conocer la relevancia de las sentencias basadas en un análisis individual de cada caso.


Objective Disorders of sexual development (DSDs) are a group of conditions that require a transdisciplinary approach. In the Colombian legislation, there are no specific regulations regarding medical interventions in individuals with DSDs. The Colombian Constitutional Court has issued sentences establishing some guidelines and parameters for the legal management of cases of genital ambiguity. Considering the aforementioned information, the present manuscript aims to describe and analyze, from the perspective of a transdisciplinary team, the most relevant sentences issued by the Colombian Constitutional Court. Methods We performed a narrative review of the database of the Colombian Constitutional Court and of the legal literature. We compiled all available court sentences and evaluated the clinical cases identified by the transdisciplinary team at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Lastly, the authors composed, through consensus, a text for discussion, as a guide to the readers, after the analysis of each of the sentences and cases presented. Results We identified nine sentences and the precedents that led to their development. The nine cases presented contain important concepts for the work of the transdisciplinary team, such as autonomy, substitute and assisted consent, and the medical indication of treatment. Sentences T-692/99 and T-918/2012 were excluded, as they provided duplicate information concerning sentences included in this document. Conclusion The Colombian Constitutional Court has issued sentences without the participation of a team of experts in DSDs. The terminology used does not properly describe the jargon that is applied in the management of our patients. In order to approach individuals with DSDs, awareness regarding the relevance of the sentences based on an individual analysis of each case is of great importance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disorders of Sex Development , Vision, Ocular , Sexual Development , Reference Standards , Social Control, Formal , Awareness , Colombia , Personal Autonomy
9.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(4): 251-258, agosto 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1280909

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El orquidómetro de Prader es el método estándar para medir el volumen testicular (VT) en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo. Evaluar la concordancia en la estimación del VT y del inicio puberal con las técnicas de orquidometría de Prader, Chipkevitch y Sotos. Métodos. Diseño descriptivo transversal realizado en varones de entre 9 y 20 años. Se midió el VT (ml) en cada adolescente con las técnicas de Prader (método de referencia), Chipkevitch (modelo gráfico) y Sotos (medición de ancho testicular con regla plástica y fórmula equivalente a ecuación elipsoide). Se excluyeron varones con patología urogenital y enfermedades que afectan el crecimiento testicular. Para la concordancia entre métodos, se utilizó kappa para el inicio puberal, y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y gráficos de Bland-Altman (GBA) para el VT. Resultados. Se incluyeron 377 varones sanos. Para la concordancia en VT (ml), la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch obtuvo CCI: 0,994 y p < 0,001; y de CCI; 0,312 y p < 0,001 para la de Prader-Sotos. En los GBA se halló una media de las diferencias cercana a 0 ml en la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch y cercana a 8 ml en la de Prader-Sotos. El acuerdo en el inicio puberal obtuvo un valor de kappa 0,93 en la comparación Prader-Chipkevitch y de 0,75 en la de Prader-Sotos. Conclusión. Los orquidómetros de Prader y Chipkevitch tienen una excelente concordancia en la estimación del VT y el inicio puberal; por lo tanto, podrían intercambiarse en la atención diaria de varones adolescentes. El método de Sotos mostró una concordancia buena en la estimación del inicio puberal, pero baja en la medición del VT


Introduction. The Prader orchidometer is the standard method used to measure testicular volume (TV) in children and adolescents. Objective. To assess the concordance in the estimation of TV and puberty onset with the Prader, Chipkevitch, and Sotos orchidometric techniques. Methods. Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among male children and adolescents aged 9-20 years. For each adolescent, TV was measured with the methods by Prader (gold standard), Chipkevitch (graphic model), and Sotos (measurement of testicular width with a plastic ruler and use of a formula equivalent to the ellipsoid equation). Male children and adolescents with urogenital conditions and disorders affecting testicular growth were excluded. Kappa statistics was used to determine concordance among methods for puberty onset, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman (B&A) plots for TV. Results. In total, 377 healthy males were included. Regarding the concordance for TV (mL), the Prader-Chipkevitch comparison obtained an ICC of 0.994 and a p < 0.001; while the Prader-Soto comparison obtained an ICC of 0.312 and a p < 0.001. With the B&A plots, mean differences were close to 0 mL in the Prader-Chipkevitch comparison and close to 8 mL in the Prader-Sotos comparison. Concordance for puberty onset obtained a kappa value of 0.93 and 0.75 in the Prader-Chipkevitch and Prader-Sotos comparisons, respectively. Conclusion. The Prader and Chipkevitch orchidometers show an excellent concordance in estimating TV and puberty onset; therefore, both methods could be used interchangeably in the daily care of male adolescents. The Sotos method showed a high concordance in estimating pubertal onset, but low in measuring TV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Testis/anatomy & histology , Sexual Development , Pediatrics/instrumentation , Testis/growth & development , Anthropometry/instrumentation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Puberty
10.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-921968

ABSTRACT

MAMLD1 gene has been implicated in 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) in recent years. Patients carrying MAMLD1 gene variants showed a "continuous spectrum" of simple micropenis, mild, moderate and severe hypospadias with micropenis, cryptorchidism, split scrotum and even complete gonadal dysplasia. The function of MAMLD1 gene in sexual development has not been fully elucidated, and its role in DSD has remained controversial. This article has reviewed recent findings on the role of the MAMLD1 gene in DSD, including the MAMLD1 gene, its encoded protein, genetic variants, clinical phenotype and possible pathogenic mechanism in DSD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Disorders of Sex Development/genetics , Mutation , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Phenotype , Sexual Development , Transcription Factors/genetics
11.
Clinics ; Clinics;76: e2052, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153974

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are the most common type of genetic variation among humans. High-throughput sequencing methods have recently characterized millions of SNVs in several thousand individuals from various populations, most of which are benign polymorphisms. Identifying rare disease-causing SNVs remains challenging, and often requires functional in vitro studies. Prioritizing the most likely pathogenic SNVs is of utmost importance, and several computational methods have been developed for this purpose. However, these methods are based on different assumptions, and often produce discordant results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of 11 widely used pathogenicity prediction tools, which are freely available for identifying known pathogenic SNVs: Fathmn, Mutation Assessor, Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (Phanter), Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT), Mutation Taster, Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 (Polyphen-2), Align Grantham Variation Grantham Deviation (Align-GVGD), CAAD, Provean, SNPs&GO, and MutPred. METHODS: We analyzed 40 functionally proven pathogenic SNVs in four different genes associated with differences in sex development (DSD): 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (HSD17B3), steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1), androgen receptor (AR), and luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). To evaluate the false discovery rate of each tool, we analyzed 36 frequent (MAF>0.01) benign SNVs found in the same four DSD genes. The quality of the predictions was analyzed using six parameters: accuracy, precision, negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, specificity, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). Overall performance was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Our study found that none of the tools were 100% precise in identifying pathogenic SNVs. The highest specificity, precision, and accuracy were observed for Mutation Assessor, MutPred, SNP, and GO. They also presented the best statistical results based on the ROC curve statistical analysis. Of the 11 tools evaluated, 6 (Mutation Assessor, Phanter, SIFT, Mutation Taster, Polyphen-2, and CAAD) exhibited sensitivity >0.90, but they exhibited lower specificity (0.42-0.67). Performance, based on MCC, ranged from poor (Fathmn=0.04) to reasonably good (MutPred=0.66). CONCLUSION: Computational algorithms are important tools for SNV analysis, but their correlation with functional studies not consistent. In the present analysis, the best performing tools (based on accuracy, precision, and specificity) were Mutation Assessor, MutPred, and SNPs&GO, which presented the best concordance with functional studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Computational Biology , Mutation, Missense/genetics , Virulence , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Sexual Development , Mutation
12.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 4(3): 317-324, jul.set.2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1382001

ABSTRACT

As diferenças entre o sexo biológico, identidade de gênero e seu impacto na saúde podem ter implicações significativas para a prevenção, rastreamento, diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas doenças, inclusive as alérgicas. A medicina de precisão pode levar a novas classificações para as doenças, baseadas nos mecanismos moleculares. Já a medicina personalizada tem um significado mais amplo, levando em consideração o indivíduo a ser tratado. Embora a alergia seja mais prevalente em meninos na infância, isto muda rapidamente durante o desenvolvimento sexual das meninas, levando à predominância feminina vitalícia nas doenças alérgicas. Isso pode ser explicado pela influência dos hormônios sexuais, diferentes estilos de vida adotados por homens e mulheres, diferenças imunológicas, variações na microbiota, qualidade da alimentação, tipo de profissão, adesão ao tratamento, entre outros. Aspectos relacionados ao gênero devem se tornar parâmetros essenciais em alergologia para a estratificação diagnóstica e terapêutica, associados aos aspectos moleculares, genéticos e epigenéticos. Para o sucesso do tratamento é importante conhecer o indivíduo a ser tratado, levando em consideração seus aspectos biológicos, psicológicos, socioeconômicos e práticos, realizando uma abordagem personalizada.


Differences between biological sex, gender identity, and their impact on health may have significant implications to screening, diagnosis, and treatment of several diseases, including allergies. Precision medicine may lead to new classifications of diseases based on molecular mechanisms. Personalized medicine, in turn, has a wider spectrum considering the individual patient to be treated. Although boys have allergies more often in childhood, this quickly changes during girls' sexual development, leading to a lifelong female predominance of allergic diseases. This can be explained by influence of sexual hormones, different lifestyles adopted by men and women, microbiota variations, diet quality, occupation, and adherence to treatment, among others. Genderrelated aspects should become essential parameters in allergology for diagnostic and therapeutic stratification, associated with molecular, genetic, and epigenetic aspects. To obtain a successful treatment, knowing the individual to be treated, considering biological, psychological, socioeconomic, and practical aspects, is important to perform a personalized approach.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Allergy and Immunology , Patients , Gonadal Steroid Hormones , Therapeutics , Immunoglobulin E , Allergens , Mass Screening , Sexual Development , Diagnosis , Diet , Precision Medicine , Epigenomics , Microbiota , Treatment Adherence and Compliance , Gender Identity , Hormones , Hypersensitivity , Life Style
13.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 71(3): 275-285, jul.-set. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144390

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: hacer una reflexión sobre el bajo desarrollo que hay actualmente en el campo del diagnóstico prenatal de las anomalías genitales. Materiales y métodos: a partir de la tesis de que el desarrollo del diagnóstico antenatal de las anomalías genitales es escaso, se presenta una comparación con el estado actual de otros campos del diagnóstico prenatal, así como con su contrapartida posnatal; se analizan las distintas causas que pueden haber llevado a esta situación, y se reflexiona sobre formas de mejora de la especialidad. Conclusión: en comparación con otras áreas del diagnóstico prenatal, la detección de anomalías genitales tiene un menor nivel de desarrollo en cuanto a la disponibilidad de herramientas diagnósticas, de protocolos de manejo o investigación clínica. Algunas causas probables son la percepción de baja prevalencia, una importancia limitada o las dificultades para su exploración. Una forma de reforzar este componente de la medicina fetal sería la integración del conocimiento actual, la adquisición de herramientas adecuadas, y una traslación a la medicina clínica.


ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on how the area of genital abnormalities has fallen behind in prenatal diagnosis. Materials and methods: Based on the thesis that prenatal diagnosis of genital abnormalities has scarcely developed, a comparison with other areas of prenatal diagnosis and with its postnatal counterpart is presented; different explanations for this situation are examined; and a reflection is made on ways to improve the specialty. Conclusion: Compared to other disciplines, prenatal diagnosis of genital abnormalities finds itself lagging behind in terms of diagnostic tools, management protocols and scientific literature. Potential causes include a perception of low prevalence and limited importance, or exploration challenges. Integration of current knowledge, together with the acquisition of the appropriate tools and translation to clinical medicine, would be a way to make this discipline stronger.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Urogenital Abnormalities , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Sexual Development , Fetal Diseases
14.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);80(supl.2): 7-11, mar. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125098

ABSTRACT

Los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) son trastornos del neurodesarrollo que afectan la comunicación social y que presentan patrones de conducta repetitiva, estereotipada o/y inflexible. Un tercio de los casos diagnosticados de TEA tienen discapacidad intelectual y 2/3 una capacidad intelectual dentro de la norma. Los síntomas nucleares de autismo y otros asociados pueden afectar el desarrollo afectivo-sexual. En este artículo se expone qué dificultades en el desarrollo afectivo-sexual pueden presentar las personas con TEA y cuáles son las más frecuentemente descritas. Se propone de una manera breve, guías dirigidas a la evaluación y a la ayuda para un desarrollo afectivo-sexual satisfactorio en las personas con autismo-TEA.


Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that affect social communication and present repetitive, stereotyped and inflexible behaviour. A third of the people with a diagnosis of ASD also have intellectual disability associated and two thirds present an intellectual capacity within the average range. The nuclear autistic and others associated symptoms can affect the affective and sexual development. This article exposes which are the problems people with ASD present in the affective and sexual development, the most frequently described and brief guides for evaluation and support for an adequate affective-sexual development in people with ASD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Affective Symptoms/physiopathology , Sexual Development/physiology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Sex Factors , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Intellectual Disability/physiopathology
15.
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1136712

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association of nutritional status, biological maturation, social support and self-efficacy with the physical activity level of 2,347 students of both sexes, aged between 11 and 15 years old, enrolled in state schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of body mass, height and sitting height were collected. The assessment of biological maturation was based on the analysis of the age at peak height and sexual maturity. The physical activity level, social support from parents and friends and self-efficacy were evaluated by self-reported questionnaires. Sex/age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points identified the nutritional status. Gross and adjusted binary logistic regression were used to obtain odds (OR) ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adopting p≤0.05 as significant. Results: More than half (52.3%; n=1,227) of students were active, with boys in a higher proportion (64.1%; p≤0.01). The correlates of physical activity were: nutritional status (OR 1.25; 95%CI 1.01-1.56), early somatic maturation (OR 0.71; 95%CI 0.54-0.93), moderate (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.50-2.30) and high social support from parents (OR 2.70; 95%CI 2.11-3.42) and high social support from friends (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.42-2.24). Conclusions: Nutritional status, early somatic maturation, social support of parents and friends were correlates of physical activity. Overweight girls with moderate and high parental support and boys with greater social support from parents and friends were more active. Girls with early somatic maturation were less active.


RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação do estado nutricional, da maturação biológica, do apoio social e da autoeficácia com o nível de atividade física de 2.347 escolares, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 11 e 15 anos, de escolas estaduais da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: Foram coletadas as medidas antropométricas de massa corporal, estatura e altura sentada. A avaliação da maturação biológica foi realizada pelas análises da idade do pico de velocidade de altura e maturação sexual. O nível de atividade física, o apoio social dos pais e dos amigos e a autoeficácia foram analisados por questionários autorreportados. O estado nutricional foi obtido por meio de pontos de corte de índice de massa corpórea (IMC) específicos para idade e sexo. Razões de chances com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram obtidas por meio da regressão logística binária bruta e ajustada, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Pouco mais da metade (52,3%; n=1.227) dos escolares é ativa, sendo os meninos em maior proporção (64,1%; p≤0,01). Foram associados com atividade física: estado nutricional (Odds Ratio [OR] 1,25; IC95% 1,01-1,56), maturação somática precoce (OR 0,71; IC95% 0,54-0,93), moderado e elevado apoio social dos pais (OR 1,85; IC95% 1,50-2,30 e OR 2,70; IC95% 2,11-3,42, respectivamente) e elevado apoio social dos amigos (OR 1,78; IC95% 1,42-2,24). Conclusões: O estado nutricional, a maturação somática precoce, o apoio social dos pais e dos amigos foram correlatos da atividade física. Meninas com excesso de peso e com moderado e elevado apoio social dos pais, e meninos com maior apoio social dos pais e dos amigos foram mais ativos, enquanto meninas maturadas precocemente, menos ativas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Behavior/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Exercise/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Schools , Social Support , Brazil , Logistic Models , Odds Ratio , Sex Factors , Nutritional Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Self Efficacy , Adolescent Health , Sexual Development , Self Report
16.
Summa psicol. UST ; 17(1): 62-69, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1129742

ABSTRACT

Children may display behaviours and have feelings of a sexual nature. However, due to the paucity of research, society often fails to acknowledge developmentally appropriate sexual experiences in childhood, and there is no consensus on which behaviours are normative. The purpose of this article is to review empirical evidence on the sexuality of children up to 12 years old. Specifically, the article aims to describe the main conclusions of studies, as well as to analyse the knowledge gaps, the methodological shortcomings, and the resulting recommendations for future research. According to the findings, studies should pay more attention to thoughts and feelings related to sexuality, the children's perspective; normative, healthy sexual expressions; and the relevant sexual socialization factors. Both direct and indirect methods, quantitative and qualitative techniques, should be combined to enhance the richness and validity of findings. The article also presents ethical tips. In conclusion, there is a need to further examine childhood sexuality from a comprehensive and ecological approach that provides an empirical basis for the development of interventions in children's sexual health


Los niños pueden tener comportamientos y sentimientos de naturaleza sexual. Sin embargo, dada la escasa investigación científica, la sociedad a menudo no reconoce las experiencias propias del desarrollo sexual infantil, y no hay consenso sobre qué conductas son normativas. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es aportar una revisión de las evidencias empíricas disponibles sobre la sexualidad de los niños de hasta 12 años. Concretamente, se pretende describir las principales conclusiones alcanzadas en este campo, y analizar las lagunas de conocimiento y limitaciones metodológicas existentes, con las consiguientes sugerencias para futuras investigaciones. Los resultados indican que debe prestarse más atención a las cogniciones y sentimientos relacionados con la sexualidad, la perspectiva de los niños, las manifestaciones sexuales saludables y normativas, y los factores de socialización sexual relevantes. Se aconseja combinar métodos directos e indirectos, así como técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas para una mayor riqueza y validez de los hallazgos. También se aportan consideraciones éticas. En conclusión, es necesario profundizar en la investigación de la sexualidad infantil desde una perspectiva integradora y ecológica que aporte una base empírica para el desarrollo de intervenciones en salud sexual infantil


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Psychology, Child , Sexuality , Sexual Development
17.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-819041

ABSTRACT

Disorders of sex development (DSD) refer to a group of diseases characterized by abnormal congenital development of chromosomes, gonad or genitals with different pathophysiological changes and clinical manifestations. DSD is more common in neonates and adolescents, and neonates often show genital abnormalities while adolescents show abnormal sexual development during puberty. It is the international consensus that the scope of DSD should include basic clinical evaluation (internal and external genitalia and endocrine hormones), diagnostic confirmation (chromosome, genetic diagnosis), psychological assessment for children and family, treatment (sex assignment, hormone replacement and surgical intervention), potential fertility protection and long-term follow-up, which require the expertise of pediatric endocrinology, pediatric urology, clinical psychology, genetic disciplines, medical images and other related disciplines; that is, individualized management of children with DSD requires an experienced multidisciplinary team (MDT). This article reviews the recent progress on the evaluation, diagnosis and management of disorders of sex development.


Subject(s)
Humans , Consensus , Disorders of Sex Development , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Medicine , Sexual Development
18.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-764511

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) associated with chromosomal abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of POI patients with chromosomal abnormalities diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2017. The definition of POI is based on hypergonadotropinism of 40 or greater in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) measurements at age 40 years or less. FSH was measured twice at least 4 weeks apart. Karyotyping using peripheral blood for chromosomal testing was conducted in all patients diagnosed with POI. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and genetic causes of patients who were diagnosed with POI. RESULTS: Forty patients were diagnosed with POI including 9 (22.5%) with identified chromosomal abnormalities. The mean age at diagnosis was 23.1±7.8 years (ranging between 14 and 39). Three patients did not experience menarche. The presenting complaints were short stature in one case, one case of amenorrhea with ambiguous external genitals, one case of infertility, and six related to menstruation such as oligomenorrhea or irregular rhythm. Turner syndrome was diagnosed in four cases, Xq deletion in one case, trisomy X in two cases, and 46,XY disorder of sexual development in two other patients. CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with POI carrying the same type of chromosomal abnormality manifest different phenotypes. The management protocol also needs to be changed depending on the diagnosis. A karyotype is indicated for accurate diagnosis and proper management of POI in patients, with or without stigmata of chromosomal abnormalities.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Amenorrhea , Christianity , Chromosome Aberrations , Diagnosis , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , Infertility , Karyotype , Karyotyping , Menarche , Menstruation , Oligomenorrhea , Phenotype , Retrospective Studies , Sexual Development , Trisomy , Turner Syndrome
19.
urol. colomb. (Bogotá. En línea) ; 28(4): 343-344, 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1402719

ABSTRACT

As the first author of the manuscript[1] commented here, it is my responsibility to open to discussion a critical topic that has gained more awareness and will continue to evolve over time, given the participation of patients in this debate. Since the Chicago Consensus in 2005, the terminology for "disorders of sex development" (DSDs) was established.[2] Ever since that moment, the academic interest was to universalize the terminology to reduce confusion and to improve the academic utilization of a unified language. It also looked to reduce the stigmatization suffered by individuals with the use of the previous terminology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disorders of Sex Development , Awareness , Sexual Development , Colombia , Mental Processes
20.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 39(spe3): e228487, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1135828

ABSTRACT

A despatologização das identidades transexuais e travestis tem sido uma luta árdua e conta com a colaboração de diversos setores, como movimentos sociais e categorias profissionais. Atualmente conquistas consideráveis a esse respeito já podem ser identificadas, entre elas, a retirada da seção dos transtornos mentais na Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-11), passando para condições relativas à saúde sexual. Também a Psicologia tem assumido postura participativa a favor da diversidade de gênero, assim como das orientações sexuais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho se estrutura em modelo de ensaio científico de cunho feminista que discorre sobre as reflexões acima e demais informações atualizadas sobre essa demanda aparente, através do ponto de vista de uma psicóloga que está enquanto coordenadora de um grupo de trabalho a respeito da população LGBT no CRP 3ª região-BA e dos atuais debates do Sistema Conselhos na defesa dos Direitos Humanos. A exemplo, ações do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, e seus respectivos regionais engajados nas causas LGBT, vêm se intensificando para repensar paradigmas e enfrentar as disparidades sustentadas pela patologização da população transexual e travesti. Haja vista que se trata de um campo ainda incipiente na profissão, torna-se útil visibilizar atuações contemporâneas no sentido de colaborar com o desenvolvimento da temática na Psicologia como ciência e profissão.(AU)


The depathologization of transsexual and transvestite identities involves a fight against the disease and has had the contributions of several sectors, such as social movements and professional categories. Currently, some considerable achievements in this regard can be identified., among them, a withdrawal from the metadata of Mental Disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), of the conditions related to sexual health. Psychology has also been in favor of gender diversity as well as sexual orientations. In this context, the present work is structured as a feminist scientific demonstration that discusses the above reflections and the latest information on this demand, from the point of view of a Psychologist that coordinates a work group for the respect of the LGBT population in the 3rd CRP in the BA region and the current debates of the Council System in the defense of Human Rights. For example, the actions of the Federal Council of Psychology and its respective regional councils engaged in LGBT causes have intensified to reprehend paradigms and face the inequalities sustained by the pathologization of the transsexual and transvestite population. Since it is a field still incipient in the profession, it becomes useful to visualize contemporary performances to collaborate with the development of this subject in Psychology as science and profession.(AU)


La despatologización de las identidades transexuales y travestis ha sido una lucha ardua y cuenta con la colaboración de varios sectores, como los movimientos sociales y las categorías profesionales. Ya se pueden identificar logros considerables a este respecto, entre ellos, la eliminación de la sección de trastornos mentales en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-11), pasando a condiciones relacionadas con la salud sexual. La psicología también ha tomado una postura participativa a favor de la diversidad de género, así como las orientaciones sexuales. En este contexto, el presente trabajo está estructurado en un modelo de ensayo científico feminista que discute las reflexiones anteriores y otra información actualizada sobre esta aparente demanda, desde el punto de vista de una psicóloga que está coordinando un grupo de trabajo sobre población LGBT en el CRP 3º región-BA y los debates actuales del Sistema de Consejos en defensa de los Derechos Humanos. Por ejemplo, las acciones del Consejo Federal de Psicología, y sus respectivos grupos regionales involucrados en causas LGBT, se han intensificado para repensar los paradigmas y abordar las disparidades sostenidas por la patologización de la población transgénero y travesti. Teniendo en cuenta que este campo aún es incipiente en la profesión, es útil hacer visibles las acciones contemporáneas para colaborar con el desarrollo del tema en Psicología como ciencia y profesión.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology , Transsexualism , Mental Health , Politics , Prejudice , Feminism , Sexual Development , Mental Health Assistance , Sex Reassignment Procedures , Sexism , Gender Expression , Transphobia , Gender Stereotyping , Gender Studies , Freedom , Gender Identity , Gender Equity , Gender-Nonconforming Persons , Anatomy
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