ABSTRACT
Introducción: La mortalidad infantil es un fenómeno sanitario relacionado directamente con las condiciones de vida deletéreas, tanto del hogar del infante como de factores socioeconómicos e higiénico-sanitarios adversos. Objetivo: Caracterizar las desigualdades de la mortalidad infantil, según condiciones diferenciales de vida en dos distritos poblacionales de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, de tipo ecológico exploratorio, en el municipio Santiago de Cuba, en el trienio 1995-1997. Las unidades de análisis estuvieron constituidas por las áreas de salud enmarcadas en dos distritos poblacionales de la ciudad. Resultados: Se estratificaron ambos distritos poblacionales, según sus condiciones de vida, en asentamientos con condiciones de vida menos desfavorables y más desfavorables. Se estimó mayor mortalidad infantil en el asentamiento con condiciones de vida más desfavorables (8,7 fallecidos por 1000 nacidos vivos), donde predominaron como causas clínicas de muerte las asfixias, la anoxia e hipoxias y causas clínicas reducibles por buena atención en el parto. Conclusiones: Se identificó un perfil diferencial de mortalidad infantil, según las condiciones de vida, al interior de los asentamientos poblacionales de los distritos urbanos de Santiago de Cuba. Los riesgos distintivos de muerte infantil fueron a expensas del componente neonatal, en lo fundamental por causas clínicas reducibles por buena atención en el parto.
Introduction: Infant mortality is a health phenomenon directly related to the deleterious living conditions of both the infant's home and adverse socioeconomic and sanitary factors. Objective: To characterize inequalities in infant mortality according to differential living conditions in two populations districts of Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory ecological study was carried out in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba in 1995-1997. The units of analysis were constituted by the areas framed in two populations districts of the city. Results: Bothe population districts were stratified, according to their living conditions, in settlements with less unfavorable and more unfavorable living conditions. Higher infant mortality was estimated in the settlement with more unfavorable living conditions (8.7 deaths per 1000 live births), where asphyxia, anoxia and hypoxia predominated as clinical causes of death and clinical causes reducible for good care at birth. Conclusions: A differential profile of infant mortality, according to living conditions, was identified within the population settlements of the urban districts of Santiago de Cuba. The distinctive risks of infant death were at the expense of the neonatal component, mainly for clinical causes reducible by good care at birth.
Subject(s)
Social Conditions , Infant Mortality , Social Status , Health Status , Fetal MortalityABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Height and body weight measurements are among the most important anthropometric variables when assessing a population's growth, development and body composition. This study aimed to evaluate the height and body weight variability of male entities aged 17-18 years within 35 years. This goal was realized by comparing the height and body weight of the population of the same gender and age in three different time studies. The descriptive statistical parameters and T-test for independent groups show systematic and significant differences in measured variables between three measurements in different timelines. Both in body height and body weight, from measurement to measurement, significant systematic and statistically significant differences (p<0.01) have been identified (1985: BH= 172.8cm, BW= 61.7kg; 2004: BH=176.8 cm, BW=66.9 kg; 2019: BH=178.5 cm, BW=72 kg). The results of this study prove that the change in the socio-economic status of a population over a period time of 35 years can significantly affect the growth and development of children/adolescents.
Las medidas de altura y peso corporal se encuentran entre las variables antropométricas más importantes a la hora de evaluar el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la composición corporal de una población. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad de la altura y el peso corporal de entidades masculinas de 17 a 18 años dentro de 35 años. Este objetivo se logró comparando la altura y el peso corporal de la población del mismo sexo y edad en tres estudios temporales diferentes. Los parámetros estadísticos descriptivos y la prueba T para grupos independientes muestran diferencias sistemáticas y significativas en las variables medidas entre tres mediciones en diferentes líneas de tiempo. Tanto en la altura como en el peso corporal, de medición en medición, se han identificado diferencias significativas sistemáticas y estadísticamente significativas (p<0,01) (1985: BH= 172,8 cm, BW= 61,7 kg; 2004: BH=176,8 cm, BW=66,9 kg; 2019: BH=178,5 cm, BW=72 kg). Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que el cambio en el estatus socioeconómico de una población durante un período de 35 años puede afectar significativamente el crecimiento y desarrollo de niños/ adolescentes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Body Height , Body Weight , Anthropometry , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Kosovo , Social StatusABSTRACT
Introducción: La mortalidad infantil se ve afectada por condiciones de vida socioeconómicas y ambientales deletéreas, las cuales se agravan en situaciones excepcionales. Objetivo: Describir la mortalidad infantil en el municipio habanero de La Lisa durante un trienio, según la estratificación diferencial de las condiciones de vida del territorio. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal (de tipo ecológico exploratorio) en el municipio capitalino de La Lisa en el trienio 1991-1993, donde las unidades de análisis fueron las áreas de salud estratificadas mediante clasificación automática. Las variables fundamentales fueron las condiciones de vida, según diferentes dimensiones y sus variables, y las tasas centrales de mortalidad infantil en el periodo, considerando sus componentes y la causa básica de muerte. Resultados: Se logró estratificar el municipio según sus condiciones de vida en asentamientos favorables y desfavorables. La mortalidad infantil fue superior en el asentamiento con condiciones de vida desfavorables (10,3 fallecidos por 1000 nacidos vivos), donde predominaron como causas de muerte el traumatismo obstétrico, la muerte idiopática y la sepsis. Conclusiones: Se alcanzó la estratificación según condiciones de vida en el municipio de La Lisa. El asentamiento poblacional con condiciones de vida desfavorables evidenció riesgo de mortalidad infantil diferencial sustantivo, probablemente asociado a factores higiénico-sanitarios y socioeconómicos deletéreos, según las causas de muerte registradas.
Introduction: Infant mortality is affected by deleterious, socioeconomic and environmental living conditions, which are aggravated in exceptional situations. Objective: To describe infant mortality in the Havana municipality of La Lisa during the three-year period 1991-1993, according to the differential stratification of living conditions in the territory. Methods: An observational, descriptive and transversal study (of exploratory ecological type) was carried out in the capital municipality of La Lisa, in the triennium 1991-1993, where the units of analysis were the health areas stratified by automatic classification. The fundamental variables were living conditions, according to different dimensions and their variables, and the central infant mortality rates in the period, considering its components and the basic cause of death. Results: The municipality was stratified according to its living conditions in favorable and unfavorable settlements. Infant mortality was higher in the settlement with unfavorable living conditions (10.3 deaths per 1000 live births), where obstetric trauma, idiopathic death and sepsis predominated as causes of death. Conclusions: Stratification according to living conditions in the municipality of La Lisa was achieved. The population settlement with unfavorable living conditions showed a substantial differential infant mortality risk, probably associated with hygienic-sanitary and socioeconomic factors, according to the causes of death recorded.
Subject(s)
Social Conditions , Infant Mortality , Social StatusABSTRACT
Abstract Women have been dissatisfied with their own appearance. This study aimed to evaluate whether the media can influence changes in body image regarding weight concern, satisfaction and dysfunctional investment of one's own appearance in female runway models and non-models. This survey was composed of Brazilian women, models who were linked with an agency, and non-models. Data collection was carried out using Google Forms, sending links to invite eligible subjects. In total, 102 models and 247 non-models participated in the survey. Sample Characterization Questionnaire, weight and height reports for the Body Mass Index, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ /AS) and Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R) were used. The result showed that non-models are more susceptible to pressure from the media and that having body measurements considered ideal, like models, reduces social pressure on the body.
Resumo Mulheres têm se mostrado insatisfeitas com a própria aparência. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a mídia pode influenciar alterações na imagem corporal em relação à preocupação com o peso, satisfação e investimento disfuncional da própria aparência no público de mulheres modelos de passarela e não-modelos. Pesquisa utilizou brasileiras, modelos que foram vinculadas a uma agência, e não-modelos. Coleta foi realizada pelo Google Forms com envio de links convidando as participantes. Participaram da pesquisa 102 modelos e 247 não-modelos. Instrumentos utilizados foram um Questionário de Caracterização da Amostra, relato de peso/altura para o Índice de Massa Corporal, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ/AS) e Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R). Resultado demonstrou que as não-modelos estão mais suscetíveis às pressões da mídia e que ter as medidas corporais consideradas ideais, como as modelos, diminui a pressão social sobre o corpo.
Resumen Las mujeres están insatisfechas con su propria apariencia física. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si los medios de comunicación pueden influir en la imagen corporal de las mujeres respecto a la preocupación por el peso, la satisfacción e inversión disfuncional de la propia apariencia en mujeres modelos de pasarela y las no modelos. Se utilizó una muestra de mujeres brasileñas, modelos vinculadas a una agencia y no modelos. Se recogieron datos de Google Forms. Se contó con la participación de 102 modelos y 247 no modelos. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios: Caracterización de Muestras, relato de peso/altura para el Índice de Masa Corporal, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire - Appearance Scales (MBRSQ/AS) y Appearance Schemas Inventory - Revised (ASI-R). Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres no modelos están más susceptibles a la presión de los medios de comunicación, y que tener medidas corporales consideradas ideales como las de las modelos reduce la presión social sobre el cuerpo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Body Image , Social StatusABSTRACT
A população em situação de rua (PSR), em seu cotidiano, se relaciona com diferentes pessoas, grupos e/ou coletivos ligados à execução das políticas públicas, às organizações não governamentais, familiares ou a membros da sociedade civil. Pensar nessas dinâmicas de trabalho, cooperação e auxílio remete a pensar sobre uma rede de apoio que constrói estratégias com essa população. Tendo presente essas problematizações, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as narrativas das pessoas em situação de rua sobre como é produzida sua rede de apoio. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, de orientação etnográfica, sendo utilizada a observação participante, registros em diário de campo e entrevistas narrativas. Participaram seis pessoas em situação de rua que recebem alimentação ofertada por projetos sociais em uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados produzidos foram analisados a partir da Análise Temática. As análises expressam as especificidades das narrativas das trajetórias de vida associadas à chegada às ruas e à composição de uma rede de apoio na rua. Ao conhecer como se produz e opera essa rede de apoio, a partir das narrativas das pessoas em situação de rua, problematiza-se a complexidade dessa engrenagem e o desafio de produzir ações integradas entre as diferentes instâncias da rede. Nisso, destaca-se a potencialidade de práticas que levem conta à escuta, ao diálogo e à articulação na operacionalização de políticas públicas atentas às necessidades dessa população.(AU)
The street population, in their daily lives, relates to different people, groups and/or collectives linked to the execution of public policies, to non-governmental organizations, family members, or to members of civil society. Thinking about these dynamics of work, cooperation, and assistance leads to thinking about a support network that builds strategies with this population. Having these problematizations in mind, this study aims to analyze the narratives of homeless people about how their support network is produced. To this end, a qualitative study was carried out, with ethnographic orientation, using participant observation, records in a field diary, and narrative interviews. Participated in the research six homeless people who receive food offered by social projects in a municipality in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. The data produced were analyzed using the Thematic Analysis. The analyzes express the specifities of the narratives of life trajectories associated with the arrival on the streets and the composition of a support network on the street. By knowing how the support network is produced and operated, the complexity of this gear and the challenge of producing integrated actions between the different instances of the network are problematized. Thus, it highlights the potential of practices that consider listening, dialogue, and articulation in the operationalization of public policies that are attentive to the needs of this population.(AU)
Las personas en situación de calle en su cotidiano se relacionan con distintas personas, grupos y/o colectivos, que están vinculados a la ejecución de políticas públicas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, familiares o miembros de la sociedad civil. Pensar en estas dinámicas de trabajo, cooperación y ayuda nos lleva a una red de apoyo que construye estrategias con estas personas. Teniendo en cuenta esta problemática, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las narrativas de las personas en situación de calle acerca de cómo se produce su red de apoyo. Con este fin, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, etnográfico, utilizando observación participante, registros de diario de campo y entrevistas narrativas. Este estudio incluyó a seis personas en situación de calle que reciben alimentos ofrecidos por proyectos sociales en una ciudad del interior de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Se utilizó el Análisis Temático. Los análisis expresan las especificidades de las narrativas de las trayectorias de vida asociadas con la llegada a las calles y la composición de una red de apoyo en la calle. Al saber cómo se produce y opera la red de apoyo, a partir de las narrativas de las personas en la calle, se problematizan la complejidad de este equipo y el desafío de producir acciones integradas entre las diferentes instancias de la red. Destaca el potencial de las prácticas que tienen en cuenta la escucha, el diálogo y la articulación en la implementación de políticas públicas que estén atentas a las necesidades de esta población.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Public Policy , Ill-Housed Persons , Community Support , Poverty , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Relief Work , Safety , Social Behavior , Social Change , Social Conditions , Social Desirability , Social Isolation , Social Sciences , Social Support , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Tobacco Use Disorder , Unemployment , Urbanization , Violence , Emergency Feeding , Health Surveillance , Occupational Risks , Illicit Drugs , Charities , Child, Abandoned , Hygiene , Disease , Risk Factors , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Hunger , Medically Uninsured , Crack Cocaine , Clothing , Interview , Community Health Services , Community Participation , Substance-Related Disorders , Criminology , Shelter , Disaster Vulnerability , Health Risk , Personal Autonomy , Dehumanization , Gift Giving , Human Rights Abuses , Alcoholism , Economics , User Embracement , Existentialism , Family Conflict , Drug Users , Alcoholics , Social Stigma , Emergency Shelter , Social Discrimination , Social Marginalization , Food Deprivation , Frailty , Freedom , Self-Neglect , Social Vulnerability Index , Solidarity , Community Health Status Indicators , Social Defeat , Food Insecurity , Life Course Perspective , Economic Stability , Housing Instability , Access to Healthy Foods , Social Status , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Family Support , Health Services Needs and Demand , Helping Behavior , Human Rights , Income , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
A pandemia da covid-19 impôs transformações no cotidiano mundial, em âmbito micro e macroestrutural. Seu impacto psicológico desestabiliza e evidencia desigualdades e vulnerabilidades psicossociais brasileiras. Configura-se como um estudo de perspectiva crítica, com base na Psicologia Sócio-histórica, com o objetivo de mapear os posicionamentos da Psicologia, vindos de diferentes campos, diante das ações de saúde mental. Para tanto, utiliza-se o site do Conselho Federal de Psicologia para a análise de 62 documentos, que resultaram em dois eixos de produção crítica: 1) a relação da Psicologia com o Conselho Federal de Psicologia; e 2) da Psicologia com a sociedade. Revela-se o abismo social entre segmentos da sociedade brasileira; formas de exclusão da população carcerária; violência doméstica contra as mulheres e as crianças; dificuldades de acesso a estratégias sociais, na educação e na saúde, e de superação dos impasses acirrados com a infecção global pelo novo coronavírus. Conclui-se que a diversidade de públicos, temáticas, áreas de atuação e referenciais teóricos materializa um compromisso crítico e científico da Psicologia.(AU)
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed transformations in the world daily life, at the micro and macrostructural levels. Its psychological impact destabilizes and highlights Brazilian inequalities and psychosocial vulnerabilities. This is a critical perspective study, based in socio-historical Psychology, aiming to map the positions of Psychology, from different fields, in the face of mental health actions. To this end, the Federal Council of Psychology website is utilized to analyze 62 documents, which resulted in two axes of critical production: 1) the relation between Psychology and the Federal Council of Psychology; and 2) Psychology with society. They reveal the social gap between segments of Brazilian society; ways of excluding prison po7pulation; domestic violence against women and children; and difficulties in accessing social strategies, in education and health, and in overcoming impasses aggravated by the global infection by the new coronavirus. In conclusion, the diversity of public, themes, areas of professional performance, and theoretical references materialize Psychology's critical and scientific commitment.(AU)
La pandemia del COVID-19 provocó transformaciones globales en lo cotidiano a nivel micro y macroestructural. Su impacto psicológico desestabiliza y destaca las desigualdades y vulnerabilidades psicosociales en Brasil. Esta es una investigación en la perspectiva crítica, basada en la psicología sociohistórica, con el objetivo de mapear las posiciones de la Psicología, procedentes de diferentes campos, frente a las acciones de salud mental. Para este fin, se utiliza el sitio web del Consejo Federal de Psicología para el análisis de 62 documentos, lo que resultó en dos ejes de producción crítica: 1) la relación de la Psicología con el Consejo Federal de Psicología; y 2) de la Psicología con la sociedad. Se revelan la brecha social entre los segmentos de la sociedad brasileña; las formas de exclusión de la población carcelaria; la violencia doméstica contra las mujeres y los niños; y las dificultades para acceder a las estrategias sociales, en la educación y la salud, para superar los impasses agravados por la infección global por el nuevo coronavirus. Se concluye que la diversidad de públicos, temáticas, áreas de actividad y referentes teóricos materializa un compromiso crítico y científico de la Psicología.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Socioeconomic Factors , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Pain , Pneumonia, Viral , Poverty , Psychology , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Race Relations , Refugees , Research , Role , Safety , Sexual Behavior , Authoritarianism , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Social Sciences , Sports , Torture , Unemployment , Population Characteristics , Food Relief , Ill-Housed Persons , Career Mobility , Marriage , Poverty Areas , Child Abuse , Child Welfare , Quarantine , Public Health , Hunger , Codependency, Psychological , Coronavirus Infections , Combat Disorders , Congresses as Topic , Universal Access to Health Care Services , Crime , Armed Conflicts , Relief, Assistance and Protection in Disasters , Access to Information , Judiciary , State , Dehumanization , Human Rights Abuses , Depression , Developing Countries , Air Pollution , Education , Elder Abuse , Emergencies , Professional Training , Information Technology , Emigrants and Immigrants , Social Marginalization , Help-Seeking Behavior , Physical Abuse , Social Segregation , Gender-Based Violence , Cultural Rights , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Internet-Based Intervention , Psychological Distress , Gender Identity , Emotional Abuse , Food Insecurity , Access to Healthy Foods , Social Status , Social Cohesion , Social Vulnerability , Humanitarian Crisis , Family Support , Family Structure , Residential Segregation , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome , Post-Infectious Disorders , Health Promotion , Human Rights , Jurisprudence , MalpracticeABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como mulheres adultas (acima de 30 anos) diagnosticadas com transtornos alimentares (TAs) vivenciam o adoecer. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido com base no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise Fenomenológica Interpretativa (AFI). Participaram seis mulheres, com idades entre 34 e 65 anos, atendidas em um serviço especializado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista aberta, de inspiração fenomenológica, na modalidade remota. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas, transcritas e analisadas seguindo os passos da AFI. Duas categorias temáticas foram identificadas: "Vivendo antes do adoecer" e "Encontrando-se doente." Constatou-se que os sintomas tiveram início anteriormente à vida adulta e que houve dificuldade na confirmação do diagnóstico. Na perspectiva das participantes, conviver com a sintomatologia ficou mais complicado em função de particularidades de manejo dos sintomas na vida adulta, e a idade é percebida como um fator que impacta e dificulta ainda mais a recuperação. As participantes relataram desesperança em relação ao futuro, apesar de a maioria reconhecer melhoras no quadro clínico ao longo do tempo e de valorizar a relação de confiança estabelecida com a equipe multiprofissional.(AU)
This study aimed to understand the experience of illness of adult women (over 30 years) diagnosed with eating disorders (ED). This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study, using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as theoretical and methodological framework. A sample of six women aged 34-64 years, assisted in a specialized service, were recruited to complete a phenomenological in-depth open interview. The data were remotely collected. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed following the IPA. Two thematic categories were identified: "Living before the illness" and "Finding about the illness." It was found that the symptoms started before adulthood and that there was difficulty establishing the diagnosis. Living with the symptoms became more complicated due to particularities of symptom management in adulthood and age is perceived as a factor that impacts recovery and makes it even more difficult. The participants reported hopelessness about the future, although most recognized improvements in the clinical condition over time and valued the trusting relationship they established with the multiprofessional team.(AU)
El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender las experiencias de las mujeres adultas (mayores de 30 años) diagnosticadas con trastornos alimentarios (TA) respecto a la enfermedad. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, desarrollado a partir del marco teórico y metodológico del Análisis Fenomenológico Interpretativo (AFI). Participaron seis mujeres, con edades de entre 34 y 65 años, atendidas en un servicio especializado. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas abiertas, de inspiración fenomenológica, en la modalidad a distancia. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, transcritas y analizadas siguiendo los pasos del AFI. Se identificaron dos categorías temáticas: "Vivir antes de enfermar" y "Encontrarse enfermo." Se constató que los síntomas comenzaron antes de la edad adulta y que hubo dificultades de establecer el diagnóstico. La convivencia con síntomas se complicó debido a las particularidades del manejo de los síntomas en la vida adulta y la edad se percibe como un factor que influye y dificulta aún más la recuperación. Los participantes manifestaron desesperanza sobre el futuro, aunque reconocieron mejoras en el cuadro clínico con el paso del tiempo y valoraron la relación de confianza establecida con el equipo multiprofesional.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Anorexia Nervosa , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Bulimia Nervosa , Pandemics , Anxiety , Perceptual Distortion , Appetite , Personal Satisfaction , Psychiatry , Psychology , Psychopathology , Quality of Life , Self-Assessment , Self Concept , Shame , Stomach Diseases , Stress, Psychological , Awareness , Therapeutics , Thinness , Beauty Culture , Vomiting , Nutrition Rehabilitation , Body Image , Body Weight , Aging , Menopause , Weight Loss , Family , Hyperphagia , Comorbidity , Mental Health , Mortality , Interview , Cultural Factors , Dehydration , Transcription Factors, General , Malnutrition , Depressive Disorder , Diagnosis , Diet , Diet Therapy , Emotions , Nutritional Sciences , Laxatives , Feeding Behavior , Binge-Eating Disorder , Bullying , Social Stigma , Physical Appearance, Body , Self-Control , Applied Behavior Analysis , Food Addiction , Rumination, Digestive , Mental Health Recovery , Body-Weight Trajectory , Embarrassment , Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder , Body-Shaming , Social Representation , Orthorexia Nervosa , Social Status , Guilt , Health Promotion , Mass Media , Mental Disorders , Metabolism , ObesityABSTRACT
Este artigo teve como objetivo compreender, a partir de uma análise fenomenológica, o impacto do racismo sobre vivências de mulheres negras. Foram analisados relatos escritos por mulheres que se autodeclaravam negras encontrados em sites e blogs da internet. Esta pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica foi inspirada na proposta filosófica de Edmund Husserl, consistindo na elaboração de uma narrativa síntese que resumiu os elementos essenciais das vivências dessas mulheres. Os resultados possibilitaram compreender que as experiências de racismo vivenciadas por mulheres negras têm início na infância e as acompanham ao longo de toda a vida, causando impactos sobre sua saúde mental. A insatisfação em relação ao cabelo natural e a cor da pele surgem como sinais concretos de recusa da identidade negra; enquanto o processo de tomada de consciência, reconhecimento e aceitação da negritude impulsionam a autoaceitação e a construção de uma nova identidade como mulher negra. A troca de experiências com outras pessoas negras sobre racismo favoreceu o reconhecimento da negritude. Conclui-se que o suporte emocional de pessoas que vivenciam o mesmo tipo de sofrimento social pode ser de grande relevância no processo de superação, assim como os processos de intervenção psicológica quando pautados por atitudes de empatia e aceitação. Nesse sentido, a formação de psicólogos deve incluir conteúdos e práticas que abordem o tema do racismo como parte da realidade social.(AU)
This article aimed to understand, based on qualitative research, the impact of racism on Black women's experiences. To this end, accounts authored by women who self-identify as Black, found on websites and internet blogs were used as data sources. The phenomenological analysis of data was based on Edmund Husserl's philosophical proposal, and consisted of a narrative synthesis that summed the essential elements of these women's experiences. Results of this research enabled the understanding that experiences of racism, lived by Black women, start during childhood and accompany them throughout their lifetime, impacting their mental health. Dissatisfaction with their natural hair and skin color appear as concrete signs of turning down their Black identity; sharing their experiences with other Black people about racism helps them recognize their Blackness. The process of awareness, recognition and acceptance of Blackness drive them to self-acceptance and the construction of an identity that integrates their condition as Black women. We conclude that the emotional support given by people who live similar social suffering can be essential to the process of overcoming it, as should be the process of psychological intervention, when founded on attitudes of comprehensive empathy and acceptance. In this regard, we suggest that psychologists' education include both courses and practice that encompass the theme of racism as part of our social reality.(AU)
Este artículo tuvo como objetivo comprender, a partir de una investigación cualitativa, el impacto del racismo en las experiencias de las mujeres negras. Fueron utilizados relatos escritos por mujeres que decían ser negras como fuentes de datos, en sitios de Internet y blogs. El análisis fenomenológico de los datos se realizó a partir de la propuesta filosófica de Edmund Husserl y consistió en la construcción de una narrativa síntesis que presentaba los elementos esenciales de las vivencias de estas mujeres. Los resultados permitieron comprender que las experiencias de racismo, vividas por las mujeres negras, comienzan en la infancia y las acompañan a lo largo de la vida, con un impacto en la salud mental. La insatisfacción con el color natural del cabello y la piel aparece como signos concretos de rechazo a la identidad negra; el intercambio de experiencias con otros negros sobre el racismo favorece el reconocimiento de la negritud. El proceso de toma de conciencia, reconocimiento y aceptación de la negritud impulsa la autoaceptación y la construcción de una identidad que integra la condición de la mujer negra. Se concluye que el apoyo emocional que brindan las personas que experimentan el mismo tipo de sufrimiento social puede ser de gran relevancia en el proceso de superación, así como los procesos de intervención psicológica, cuando se guían por actitudes de comprensión y aceptación empáticas. En este sentido, se sugiere que los cursos de formación para psicólogos incluyan contenidos y prácticas que aborden el tema del racismo como parte de la realidad social.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Black or African American , Mental Health , Violence Against Women , Racism , Ethnic Violence , Learning , Prejudice , Psychological Phenomena , Public Policy , Rabies , Self Concept , Socioeconomic Factors , Women's Health , Adolescent , Feminism , Cultural Deprivation , Human Characteristics , Emotions , Social Stigma , Social Marginalization , Physical Appearance, Body , Blog , Political Activism , Social Oppression , Social Privilege , Androcentrism , Freedom , Sadness , Respect , Empowerment , Social Comparison , Social Status , Socioeconomic Disparities in Health , Life Change Events , Loneliness , Mass MediaABSTRACT
Os jogos digitais são considerados um ambiente de privilégio masculino que exalta o padrão heteronormativo de masculinidade. A partir da Teoria das Representações Sociais, buscamos identificar as diferentes formas de expressão e ancoragens da homofobia a partir de princípios organizadores, nos discursos dos fãs do jogo League of Legends (LoL) na rede social Facebook. Foram selecionados 470 comentários publicados em 2017, os quais foram analisados com apoio do Iramuteq (software de análise lexicométrica) por meio de uma classificação hierárquica descendente, resultando em quatro classes: "Debate sobre a sexualidade dos campeões" (14,9%), "Representatividade no LoL" (29,8%), "Confronto entre as histórias de Varus" (39%), e "Estratégia empresarial" (16,2%). Os resultados evidenciam a existência de um conflito intergrupal, mediado pelo processo de ameaça simbólica: enquanto alguns comentários, realizados majoritariamente por homens heterossexuais, se utilizam do preconceito sutil para perpetuar a manutenção da heteronormatividade, outros comentários reforçam a importância da representação da diversidade nos jogos digitais.(AU)
Digital games are considered an environment of male privilege that promotes heteronormative standard of masculinity. Based on the Theory of Social Representations, we seek to identify, based on organizing principles, the forms of expression and anchorages processes related to homophobia within the speeches of the fans of the game League of Legends (LoL), on Facebook. A total of 470 comments published in 2017 were selected to be then analyzed with support from IRAMUTEQ software (lexicometric analysis software), which resulted in four classes: "Debate on the sexuality of champions" (14.9%), "Representativeness in LoL" (29.8%), "Confrontation between the stories of Varus" (39%), and "Business strategy" (16.2%). The results show intergroup conflict that is mediated by the process of symbolic threat: some comments, which are mostly from heterosexual men, carry aspects of covert prejudice to perpetuate the maintenance of heteronormative standards, whereas other comments reinforce the importance of representing diversity in digital games.(AU)
Los juegos digitales son un entorno de privilegio masculino que enaltece el estándar heteronormativo de la masculinidad. Con base en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, buscamos identificar las formas de expresión y anclaje de la homofobia a partir de principios organizativos en los discursos de aficionados del juego League of Legends (LoL) en la red social Facebook. Se seleccionaron 470 comentarios publicados en 2017, que pasaron por el análisis en IRAMUTEQ (software de análisis lexicométrico) mediante una clasificación jerárquica descendiente la cual dio como resultado cuatro clases: "Debate sobre la sexualidad de campeones" (14,9%), "Representatividad en LoL" (29,8%), "Confrontación entre las historias de Varus" (39%) y "Estrategia comercial" (16,2%). Los resultados muestran un conflicto intergrupal, mediado por la amenaza simbólica; mientras que algunos comentarios, hechos en su mayoría por hombres heterosexuales, utilizan prejuicios sutiles para perpetuar el mantenimiento de la heteronormatividad, otros comentarios refuerzan la importancia de representar la diversidad en los juegos digitales.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Video Games , Hazards , Gender Norms , Exergaming , Personality , Aptitude , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Rejection, Psychology , Religion , Self Concept , Social Behavior , Social Problems , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociology , Stereotyping , Taboo , Violence , Women , Behavior , Brazil , Bisexuality , Family , Ceremonial Behavior , Communications Media , Homosexuality, Male , Homosexuality, Female , Privacy , Internet , Crime , Culture , Psychosocial Impact , Ethical Relativism , Marketing , Ego , Erotica , Population Studies in Public Health , Ethics , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Social Stigma , Social Media , Racism , Sexism , Social Discrimination , Transgender Persons , Protective Factors , Harassment, Non-Sexual , Social Privilege , Monosexuality , Cisgender Persons , Transphobia , Androcentrism , Gender Stereotyping , Gender Performativity , Cyberbullying , Respect , Gender Identity , Weight Prejudice , Internet Use , Gender Equity , Gender Role , Social Representation , Social Status , Belonging , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Hostility , Love , MoraleABSTRACT
El embarazo en adolescente representa una situación en la que influyen muchos elementos importantes, como el estado físico, el mental y el social, ya que, en esta etapa, ninguno de estos elementos está desarrollados, sino que se encuentran en plena etapa de evolución y desarrollo, situación que acarrea graves consecuencias para la madre Objetivo: validar los instrumentos cuantitativo y cualitativo que nos permitirán determinar los factores de riesgo que se presentan en las adolescentes gestantes que asisten al centro de salud cien familias periodo enero agosto 2019. Materiales y métodos: Investigación mixta: cuantitativa y cualitativa. De tipo de campo, de corte transversal de tipo evaluativo, de diseño no experimental. La población está constituida por 32 adolescentes embarazadas, con edades de 12 a 19 años. Resultados: El instrumento cualitativo arrojo un promedio de confiabilidad total de sus tres categorías de 90 lo que coloca en la categoría de muy confiable y en el instrumento cuantitativo se obtuvo un promedio de confiabilidad de 95,5 lo que señala que se encuentra ubicado dentro de la categoría de muy confiable. Conclusión: Los resultados evidencian que los instrumentos son aptos, confiables y válidos para medir la variable independiente, y su correlación con la variable dependiente, cumplimiento de la hipótesis general de esta investigación(AU)
Teenage pregnancy represents a situation in which many important elements influence, such as physical, mental and social status. since, at this stage, none of these elements are developed, but rather they are in the full stage of evolution and development, a situation that has serious consequences for the mother Objective: to validate the quantitative and qualitative instruments that will allow us to determine the risk factors that occur in pregnant adolescents who attend the health center one hundred families from January to August 2019. Materials and methods: Mixed research: quantitative and qualitative. Field type, cross-sectional, evaluative type, non-experimental design. The population is made up of 32 pregnant adolescents, aged 12 to 19 years. Results: The qualitative instrument showed an average of total reliability of its three categories of 90., which places it in the category of very reliable and in the quantitative instrument, an average reliability of 95.5 was obtained, which indicates that it is located in the very reliable category. Conclusion: The results show that the instruments are suitable, reliable and valid to measure the independent variable, and its correlation with the dependent variable, fulfilling the general hypothesis of this research(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Pregnancy in Adolescence , Health Centers , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Public Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Pregnant Women , Social StatusABSTRACT
A meritocracia pode ser considerada uma ideologia que coopera na justifi-cação das desigualdades entre as classes existentes no sistema econômico. Isso se dá com a valorização de características como a competitividade, a habilidade e o esforço individual, desconsiderando fatores históricos, culturais e socioeconômicos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi caracterizar a adesão a crenças meritocráticas, vinculando as respostas obtidas à condição social do partici-pante. Uma amostra de 1.233 adultos respondeu uma entrevista estruturada, indicando o grau de concordância com três sentenças a respeito do papel do esforço individual para o sucesso, a relação entre habilidade e remuneração e a desigualdade social. Os resultados indicaram que a renda dos indivíduos está associada à percepção da lógica meritocrática, posto que sujeitos com maiores rendas tenderam a questionar as generalizações, mas não deixam de aderir a sua lógica com veemência, valorizando esforço e manutenção das diferenças salariais pautadas no valor social agregado a determinadas habilidades. Já sujeitos com menor acesso a recursos demonstraram crer na meritocracia com menores questionamentos, emergindo assim as características ideológicas da meritocracia e as concepções dominantes de classes sociais mais abastadas.
Meritocracy can be considered an ideology that cooperates to justify the inequalities between the classes existing in the economic system. This is done by valuing characteristics such as competitiveness, ability and individual effort, disregarding historical, cultural and socioeconomic factors. The aim of the research was to characterize adherence to meritocratic beliefs, linking the responses obtained to the social conditions of participants. A sample of 1.233 adults completed a structured interview, indicating the degree of agreement with three sentences regarding the role of individual effort for success, the rela-tionship between ability and remuneration, and social inequality. The results indicated that the income of the individuals is associated with the perception of the meritocratic logic, since subjects with higher incomes tended to question the generalizations, but they did not stop adhering to their logic with vehemence, valuing effort and maintenance of wage differences based on social value added to certain skills. In contrast, subjects with less access to resources have shown to believe in meritocracy with less questioning, thus emerging the ideological characteristics of meritocracy and the dominant conceptions of more affluent social classes.
La meritocracia puede considerarse una ideología que coopera para justi-ficar las desigualdades entre clases en el sistema económico. Esto ocurre con la valoración de características como la competitividad, la habilidad y el esfuerzo individual, sin tener en cuenta los factores históricos, culturales y socioeconómicos. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar la adhesión a las creencias meritocráticas, vinculando las respuestas obtenidas con la condición social del participante. Una muestra de 1.233 adultos respondió a una entrevista estructurada, indicando el grado de acuerdo con tres oraciones con respecto al papel del esfuerzo individual para el éxito, la relación entre la habilidad y la remuneración y la desigualdad social. Los resultados indicaron que el ingreso de los individuos está asociado con la percepción de la lógica meritocrática, ya que los sujetos con mayores ingresos tienden a cuestionar las generalizaciones, pero se adhieren fuertemente a su lógica, valoran el esfuerzo y mantienen las diferencias salariales basadas en el valor social. agregado a ciertas habilidades. Ya los sujetos con menos acceso a los recursos mostraron creer en la meritocracia con preguntas menores, surgiendo así las características ideológicas de la meritocracia y las concepciones dominantes de las clases sociales más ricas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Social Conditions , Work Performance/economics , Economic Status , Income , Work/economics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Qualitative Research , Social StatusABSTRACT
Background: HIV/AIDS is a major public health, social and economic problem in Ethiopia. However, little has been done on assessment of the quality of the services given to patients in this country. Objective: To assess the quality of HIV/AIDS services in health centers of East Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Method: Cross sectional survey was undertaken in selected health centers of East Shoa Zone between February and May 2017. Data was collected using researcher administered structured questionnaire, logistics indicators assessment tool and observation check list. SPSS for windows version 20 was utilized in the analysis of the collected data. Results: The study facilities were providing various services to HIV/AIDS patients. All (100%) and 6(75%) facilities respectively had shortage of trained human power required to give ART and TB services. Regarding ARV medicines availability, majority of the study facilities, 5 (62.50%) reported that they had the stockout of AZT300/3TC150/NVP200 in six months prior to study while 4 (66.7%) of the facilities had the stockout of NVP 240ml (50mg/5ml) syrup on day of visit. Among anti-TB medicines, E100 was out of stock in three facilities (37.5%) on day of visit and INH100 had been out of stock in 4 (50%) of the facilities in six months prior to the study. From OIs medicines, Cotrimoxazole 960mg tablet stocked out in 4 (66.70%) on day of visit and in 5 (83.30%) health centers in six months prior to the study. Considerable number of study facilities, 4 (66.70%) had the stockout of tramadol 50mg tablet on day of visit and ibuprofen 400mg tablet in six months prior to the study, 5 (71.40%). Conclusion: The studied facilities were challenged by different factors including, scarcity of human power, stockout of various HIV/AIDS related medicines and inability to make patients adhere to the services given by the facilities. The consequences of these factors can be dangerous to the patients as well as to the wider public and hence making available the appropriate human resource and HIV/AIDS related commodities including medicines should be the priority for the health facilities and the region to improve the quality of HIV/AIDS services in the study area
Subject(s)
Health Centers , Public Health , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , Identity and Quality Standard for Products and Services , Social Status , Patients , Ethiopia , Health Economics AgentsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The heterogeneity of SLE is a major limitation when designing clinical trials and understand ing the mechanisms of the disease. The analyses conducted before the new technologies for the identification of the single cell transcriptome focused on the detection of molecular patterns such as interferon signature in total blood or through the analysis of major sepa rate cell populations, such as CD4+ T cells. The analyses of molecular patterns have mainly focused on the transcriptome and DNA methylation changes. The first studies on single cell transcriptomics have now been published for mononuclear blood cells and tissues or the knowledge derived from them, total kidney, tubules and skin keratinocytes. The latter have defined patterns of nonresponse to treatment. However, much work still needs to be done to be able to use these methods in clinical practice.
RESUMEN La heterogeneidad del lupus es una limitante al momento de diseñar estudios clínicos, así como también para nuestra facultad de comprender los mecanismos de la enfermedad. Los análisis previos a las nuevas tecnologías para la detección del transcriptoma de célula única trabajaron en la identificación de patrones moleculares, como la firma del interferón en sangre total, o a través del análisis de poblaciones celulares principales separadas, como son las células T CD4+. Los análisis de patrones moleculares se han enfocado primordialmente en el transcriptoma y en los cambios de metilación del ADN. Ya se han publicado los primeros estudios de transcriptoma de célula única para células sanguíneas mononucleares y para tejidos, riñón total, túbulos y queratinocitos de piel. Estos últimos han definido patrones de no-respuesta al tratamiento. Aún falta mucho para que los métodos o los conocimientos derivados de los mismos sean de utilidad en la práctica clínica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Natural Science Disciplines , Social Sciences , Sociology , Biological Science Disciplines , Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases , Connective Tissue Diseases , Epigenomics , Social Status , Lupus Erythematosus, SystemicABSTRACT
Introducción: Las deformidades faciales se expresan como alteraciones métricas perceptibles en la proporción o simetría facial, en desacuerdo con los cánones de belleza y aceptación social históricamente concretos, con repercusión en la psicología del paciente y su entorno. Objetivos: Caracterizar a los pacientes con deformidades faciales de acuerdo al sexo, edad, etiología y localización, así como determinar la relación entre ellas. Método: Las variables estudiadas fueron recogidas durante el examen físico de los pacientes (46), previo consentimiento, vaciadas en una base de datos para su procesamiento, mediante medidas de frecuencias. Para las comparaciones se realizó la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (54,3 por ciento), la etiología traumática con el grupo de edad de 40 - 49 años (19,6 por ciento), el 26,1 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron deformidades de más de una región y no se obtuvieron relaciones estadísticamente significativas en ningunas de las relaciones exploradas. Conclusiones: En los pacientes estudiados prevaleció el sexo masculino, de entre 40 y 49 años, la etiología traumática y localización en una sola región anatómica (AU)
Introduction: Facial deformities are expressed as perceptible metric alterations in facial proportion or symmetry, at odds with historically specific canons of beauty and social acceptance, with repercussions on the psychology of the patient and his or her environment. Objectives: To characterize patients with facial deformities according to sex, age, etiology and location, as well as to determine the relationship between them. Method: The variables studied were collected during the physical examination of the patients (46) with their consent, and were entered into an SPSS Statistics 22 database where statistical processing was carried out with frequency measures. To compare the Fisher's exact test was used. Results: Male sex predominated (54,3 percent ), traumatic etiology with the age group of 40-49 years (19,6 percent), 26,1 percent of the patients presented deformities of more than one region and no statistically significant relationships were obtained in any of the explored relationships. Conclusions: Among the patients studied prevailed male sex, age between 40 and 49 years old, traumatic etiology and located in one anatomical region(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Congenital Abnormalities , Facies , Face/abnormalities , Age Groups , Selection of the Waste Treatment Site , Social StatusABSTRACT
A aquisição de uma deficiência pode ter extenso impacto na vida de uma pessoa, pois ocorre, muitas vezes, sob condições traumáticas e obriga tanto a ressignificações subjetivas quanto a adaptações práticas no cotidiano. O principal objetivo do trabalho aqui descrito consistiu em compreender aspectos psicossociais do processo de aquisição de uma deficiência, considerando diversos fatores que podem interferir nestas experiências. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram entrevistadas, de forma semiestruturada, 13 pessoas que adquiriram uma deficiência física, auditiva ou visual na idade adulta, sendo os relatos analisados pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Ao se discutir as falas dos pesquisados, são traçadas algumas semelhanças e distinções entre as experiências dos participantes, buscando também tecer considerações com base na literatura acadêmico-científica sobre o tema. Observou-se que os processos psicossociais de aquisição da deficiência foram permeados tanto por sentimentos negativos, relacionados à angústia e à depressão, bem como por reações mais harmônicas e de valorização da vida, em que se relativiza a perda do membro ou da capacidade sensorial. Representando um momento marcante na vida de quem a adquire, a deficiência pode levar à aprendizagem e ao amadurecimento, à medida que o tempo após a aquisição aumenta. Entende-se que os estudos acerca da deficiência, em especial a adquirida, devem ser ampliados e aprofundados, tendo em vista que o campo de estudos sobre esta temática ainda precisa de mais contribuições a respeito.(AU)
Becoming disabled may cause a considerable impact in someone's life, because, in most of the cases, it happens under traumatic conditions and it results in subjective resignification and practical adaptations. The main objective of this study is to understand the psychosocial aspects involved in becoming disabled, considering several factors which may interfere these experiences. For this research, 13 people who got a physical disability, a hearing or visual impairment in adulthood were interviewed in a semi-structured way and the results were evaluated using the content analysis method of Bardin (2011). When the speeches of the interviewed people are evaluated, some comparisons and distinctions among experiences of the participants are made for establishing relations with academic-scientific literature on this theme. It was noticed that the psychosocial processes involved in becoming disabled were permeated by negative feelings related to anguish and depression, as well as more harmonic reactions and valorization of life, in which the loss of a member or of a sensorial capability is relativized. As a defining moment in the lives of those who acquired it, the disability may result in learning and maturating over the years after the event. It is recommended that the studies concerning disability, especially the acquired ones, get broadened and deepened because there is a need for more contributions about this subject.(AU)
La adquisición de una discapacidad puede tener un amplio impacto en la vida de una persona, pues ocurre, muchas veces, bajo condiciones traumáticas y requiere tanto la reinterpretación subjetiva como las adaptaciones prácticas en la vida cotidiana. El principal objetivo del trabajo que se describe aquí fue entender los aspectos psicosociales del proceso de adquisición de una discapacidad, teniendo en cuenta diversos factores que pueden interferir en estas experiencias. Para la investigación, fueron entrevistadas de manera semiestructurada, 13 personas que adquirieron una discapacidad física, auditiva o visual en la edad adulta, siendo los relatos analizados por el método de análisis de contenido. En la discusión de los relatos de los entrevistados, son trazadas algunas similitudes y diferencias entre las experiencias de los participantes, buscando también tejer consideraciones con base en la literatura académica y científica sobre el tema. Se observó que los procesos psicosociales de adquisición de la discapacidad fueron permeados tanto por sentimientos negativos relacionados con la angustia y la depresión, así como por las reacciones más armónicas y de valorización de la vida, en que se relativiza la pérdida de un miembro o la capacidad sensorial. Representando un momento decisivo en la vida de quién la adquiere, la discapacidad puede llevar al aprendizaje y al crecimiento, a medida que el tiempo después de la adquisición aumenta. Se entiende que los estudios acerca de la discapacidad, en especial la adquirida, deben ser ampliados y profundizados, teniendo en cuenta que el campo de los estudios sobre este tema aún necesita más contribuciones al respecto.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Paraplegia , Stereotyping , Vision Disorders , Wounds and Injuries , Disabled Persons , Adult , Deafness , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Hearing , Hearing Loss , Paralysis , Personal Satisfaction , Personality , Architectural Accessibility , Prejudice , Prostheses and Implants , Protective Devices , Psychology , Public Policy , Rehabilitation , Rejection, Psychology , Safety , Self Concept , Self-Help Devices , Sensory Aids , Shame , Social Adjustment , Psychological Distance , Social Environment , Social Identification , Social Isolation , Social Perception , Social Security , Social Support , Socialization , Stress, Psychological , Awareness , General Surgery , Taboo , Therapeutics , Unemployment , Wheelchairs , World Health Organization , Adaptation, Psychological , Career Mobility , Accidents, Occupational , Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed , Trauma Severity Indices , Homeopathic Cure , Blindness , Health Status , Mental Health , Chronic Disease , Disease , Physical Therapy Modalities , Workplace , Communication Aids for Disabled , Interview , Legislation , Stroke , Disaster Vulnerability , Cultural Characteristics , Psychosocial Impact , Personal Autonomy , Death , Diagnosis , Disasters , Education , Empathy , Employment , Job Market , Professional Training , Resilience, Psychological , Fear , Social Discrimination , Return to Work , Personal Protective Equipment , Psychological Trauma , Social Segregation , Disability Studies , Embarrassment , Sadness , Empowerment , Transtheoretical Model , Social Inclusion , Social Status , Disability-Adjusted Life Years , Family Support , Working Conditions , Job Security , Health Policy , Health Promotion , Health Services Accessibility , Amputation, Surgical , Individuality , Interpersonal Relations , Leisure Activities , Life Style , Intellectual Disability , Motor ActivityABSTRACT
O presente artigo analisa, de maneira crítica, os 20 anos da Resolução nº 01/1999 do Conselho Federal de Psicologia. Tal documento regulamenta o exercício profissional sobre orientação sexual; mais exatamente, veta práticas de patologização e discriminação, e incentiva o enfrentamento ao preconceito e à violência. Primeiramente, discutimos como a Resolução foi objeto de debate legislativo e esteve cerceada pelo judiciário, apesar de sua imensa visibilidade, força política e capacidade de garantia de direitos humanos - ou, talvez, justamente por isso. Em seguida, analisamos o objetivo de tais ações - autorizar práticas que tentam reverter a homossexualidade: elas não têm fundamentos no atual conhecimento psicológico, configuram exercício de tortura e produzem efeitos de intenso sofrimento e adoecimento. Posteriormente, debatemos desafios e possibilidades para posicionamento ético do exercício profissional da Psicologia com homossexualidades em diferentes campos de atuação (educação, justiça e política de saúde) de forma a enfrentar as patologizações. Por fim, interrogamos a votação do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a criminalização da LGBTIfobia a partir da criminologia crítica, em dialogo com os efeitos da Resolução no 01/1999. Concluímos que este documento, ainda que insuficiente para eliminar as práticas de LGBTIfobia, segue um instrumento relevante para uma Psicologia de garantia dos direitos humanos.(AU)
This article critically analyzes the 20 years of Resolution nº 01/1999 of the Federal Council of Psychology. This document regulates the professional exercise on sexual orientation; more precisely, it prohibits pathologization and discrimination practices, and also encourages confronting prejudice and violence. Firstly, we discuss how the resolution has been subject of legislative and judiciary actions, despite its immense visibility, political power and capacity to guarantee human rights - or, perhaps, precisely because of them. Then, we analyze the purpose of such actions - to authorize practices trying to reverse homosexuality: they do have not basis in current psychological knowledge, configuring a torture exercise and producing intense suffering and illness. Subsequently, we discuss challenges and possibilities for ethical psychological practices with homosexualities in different fields (education, justice and health policy) confronting pathologizations. Finally, we use the critical criminology to question the Federal Supreme Court decision on the LGBTIphobia criminalization, in dialogue with the Resolution's effects. We conclude that even if this document did not eliminate LGBTIphobia practices, is a relevant strategy for psychology to ensure human rights.(AU)
Este artículo analiza críticamente el vigésimo aniversario de la Resolución No. 01/1999 del Consejo Federal de Psicología. Este documento regula el ejercicio profesional sobre orientación sexual; más precisamente, veta las prácticas de patologización y discriminación, y alienta la confrontación de prejuicios y violencia. Primero, discutimos cómo la Resolución fue objeto de debate legislativo y estuvo rodeada por el poder judicial, a pesar de su inmensa visibilidad, fortaleza política y capacidad para garantizar los derechos humanos, o quizás, precisamente por eso. Luego analizamos el propósito de tales acciones: autorizar prácticas que intentan revertir la homosexualidad: no tienen base en el conocimiento psicológico actual, configuran ejercicio de tortura y producen efectos de sufrimiento y enfermedad intensos. Posteriormente, discutimos los desafíos y las posibilidades para el posicionamiento ético de la práctica profesional de la psicología con las homosexualidades en diferentes campos (educación, justicia y política de salud) para enfrentar patologías. Finalmente, cuestionamos el voto de la Corte Suprema sobre la criminalización de la fobia LGBTI por la criminología crítica, en diálogo con los efectos de la Resolución 01/1999.Concluimos que este documento, aunque insuficiente para eliminar las prácticas de LGBTIfobia, sigue una herramienta relevante para una psicología que garantice los derechos humanos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology , Homosexuality , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Anxiety , Personality , Psychology, Social , Psychosexual Development , Public Policy , Rejection, Psychology , Religion and Psychology , Religion and Sex , Repression, Psychology , Self Concept , Shame , Social Adjustment , Social Conformity , Social Isolation , Social Values , Societies , Sublimation, Psychological , Suicide , Taboo , Transsexualism , Transvestism , Unconscious, Psychology , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Body Image , Self Disclosure , Bisexuality , Mental Health , HIV , Sexual Harassment , Homosexuality, Female , Sexuality , Heterosexuality , Denial, Psychological , Moral Development , Aggression , Depression , Population Studies in Public Health , Ethics, Professional , Extraversion, Psychological , Femininity , Masculinity , Social Networking , Homophobia , Racism , Social Norms , Social Segregation , Socioeconomic Rights , Social Construction of Gender , Gender Expression , Sexual Vulnerability , Gender Norms , Gender Binarism , Gender Performativity , Gender-Specific Needs , Freedom , Embarrassment , Respect , Psychological Distress , Psychosocial Intervention , Pseudoscience , Gender Role , Social Status , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Psychological Safety , Coping Skills , Guilt , Hate , Identification, Psychological , Individuation , Mass MediaABSTRACT
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar se havia diferenças no autoconceito de crianças que apresentavam diferentes padrões de aceitação e rejeição por parte dos amigos da escola. Participaram do estudo 207 crianças entre 7 e 11 anos de idade, de duas escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo. Para avaliar o status sociométrico foi solicitado aos participantes que indicassem três nomes de colegas da classe com quem gostariam de estudar, de brincar, de não estudar e de não brincar. O autoconceito foi obtido por meio de uma escala contendo 20 afirmações que buscam a avaliar o autoconceito social, escolar, familiar e pessoal dos participantes. A amostra ficou dividida em grupos distintos: o grupo dos isolados, que foi representado por aqueles estudantes que não foram lembrados nenhuma vez por seus colegas de sala; um grupo com alta aceitação e alta rejeição; um grupo com aceitação e rejeição moderadas;e um grupo com baixa aceitação e baixa rejeição. Os resultados indicaram diferenças no autoconceito escolar em meio aos grupos de aceitação entre os colegas. Os estudantes isolados e aqueles com aceitação moderada mostraram um autoconceito escolar mais positivo do que os alunos com baixa aceitação. No que diz respeito à rejeição, observou-se que os estudantes com baixa rejeição no grupo de amigos mostraram ter um autoconceito familiar mais positivo do que aqueles com moderada e alta rejeição. Verificou-se também que os alunos isolados revelaram um autoconceito pessoal mais elevado do que aqueles com rejeição moderada e alta entre os colegas.
This study aimed to investigate whether there were differences in self-concept of children who were faced with different standards of acceptance and rejection by their classmates. Participants were 207 children aged between 7 and 11 years old from two public schools of São Paulo State. Participants were required to indicate three classmates with whom they would like to study andto play, and three with whom they would not like to study and to play, as to assess the sociometric status. Self-concept was measured through a scale containing twenty statements that evaluate the social, academic, family and personal participants self-concept. The sample was divided into distinct groups: the socially isolated group, which was represented by those students who were not appointed by their classmates; a group with high acceptance and high rejection; a group with moderate acceptance and rejection; and a group with low acceptance and low rejection. The results indicated differences in academic self-concept among the groups of peer acceptance.The isolated students and those with moderate acceptance showed a more positive academic selfconcept than students with low acceptance. Regarding rejection, it was observed that pupils with low rejection among the group of students have presented a more positive family self-concept than those with moderate to high rejection. It was also found that the isolated students showed a higher personal self-concept than those with moderate and high rejection among colleagues.
Subject(s)
Child , Social Status , Child , Interpersonal Relations , LearningABSTRACT
Introduction: The definition of skill has its origin in the mid 60's and early 70's, througth the development of organizational and industrial psychology. The concept reached since the educational field, and later on was applied in general to individuals in their everyday life and to specific performance. In the process of rehabilitation, the development of "social inclusion skills", both as a hypothetical construct and as therapeutic practice, has been long unexplored. At Chile's Teletón Institutes, there is no explicit formulation of the skills that are expected to be learned during the rehabilitation process. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to build an initial exiting skills profile based on the child and/or youngster's general skills, and thus, direct our rehabilitation practices to greater effectiveness and efficiency. Method: A qualitative approach based on the Grounded Theory's method was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 83 (96.5 percent) staff members of Valparaíso's Teletón Institute. The information was analyzed with Atlas-T software. Results: An initial exiting skills profile with 50 skills was obtained, which showed a tendency to autonomy with procedural and attitudinal components. Other elements, associated to the Institute's rehabilitation process were also indentified. Conclusions: This profile defies social inclusion skills which should invite us to practice more in depth the rehabilitation process, within a bio-psychosocial model.
Introducción: El concepto de competencia tiene su origen en trabajos de la psicología industrial y organizacional en la década de 1960 y principios de 1970, extendiéndose al mundo educativo y en general a las personas en su desempeño cotidiano y/o específico. En el área de la rehabilitación, el desarrollo de competencias es un campo inexplorado, tanto en su constructo "Competencias de Inclusión Social", como en el desarrollo de éstas en el proceso. En Teletón Chile, no existe una formulación explícita de las competencias que se pretenden apoyar durante el proceso rehabilitador. Objetivos: Levantar un perfil inicial de egreso basado en competencias generales y de inclusión social del niño/a y/o del Instituto Teletón Valparaíso. Tiene como propósito, orientar prácticas de rehabilitación de mayor eficiencia y eficacia. Metodología: Abordaje cualitativo basado en el método de la teoría fundamentada, usando la técnica de entrevistas individuales semi-estructuradas, aplicadas a 83/86 funcionarios (96,5 por ciento) de Teletón Valparaíso. Para el procesamiento de la información, se utilizó el software Atlas-ti. Resultados: Se obtuvo un perfil inicial de egreso con 50 competencias, observándose una tendencia hacia el funcionamiento autónomo, con componentes procedimentales y actitudinales. Se identificaron además elementos relacionados con el proceso de rehabilitación que se lleva a cabo en el Instituto. Conclusión: Este perfil define competencias de inclusión social invitándonos a un mayor grado de practicidad en el quehacer rehabilitador dentro de un modelo de atención biopsicosocial.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Aptitude , Attitude of Health Personnel , Disabled Children/rehabilitation , Social Adjustment , Social Status , Interpersonal Relations , Interviews as Topic , Models, Theoretical , Personal Autonomy , Disabled Persons/rehabilitation , Qualitative Research , Social SupportABSTRACT
Introduction: Finding out the effect of interventions on patient's Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL), and it's comparison to the healthy population, is needed in the field of Rehabilitation. Objective: Our goal was to determine how the HRQL of patient, who receive treatment at Santiago's Teletón Institute, differed from the HRQL reported for the equivalent healthy population. Method: This study compared the results for 32 patients, between 10 and 14 years of age, carrying physical disability (secondary to cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy), and 32 subjects from a control group, equivalent in age and gender. Both groups were evaluated using the Kidscreen-52. Results: A comparison between both groups showed a significant difference only for the scores in the physical well-being dimension. Throughout the rest of the dimensions, scores behaved similarly for both groups. The friends and social support dimension obtained the highest median (near 60 points) and the social acceptance dimension obtained the lowest scores (37 points), for both groups. Conclusion: The HRQL for both groups differ only in the scores obtained in the well-being dimension. This finding coincides with the presence of neuromuscular-skeletal pathology in the studied group, and could indicate that the rest of the dimensions are affected by elements other than the presence of illness. Further studies, with greater number of subject and ideally with specific measurement scales, are required to determine the variables that have a bearing on the HRQL for certain illnesses.
Introducción: En rehabilitación resulta necesario conocer el impacto de las intervenciones en la Calidad de Vida Relativa a la Salud (CVRS) de los pacientes y comparar con población de niños sanos. Objetivo: Determinar si la CVRS de los pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Teletón Santiago, difiere de la reportada por niños sanos de edades y géneros similares. Método: El estudio compara resultados de 32 pacientes de 10 a 14 años, portadores de discapacidad física (secundaria parálisis cerebral, mielomeningocele y distrofia muscular Duchenne) y 32 niños sanos emparejados por género y edad. A ambos grupos se les aplicó el instrumento genérico de medición de CVRS, Kidscreen-52. Resultados: Al comparar ambos grupos, se obtuvo una diferencia significativa en sus puntajes sólo en la dimensión de bienestar físico. En el resto de las dimensiones, los puntajes se comportaron en forma similar. Para ambos grupos, la dimensión amigos y apoyo social obtuvo la mayor mediana (alrededor de 60 puntos) y la de menor puntaje, la dimensión de aceptación social (37 puntos). Conclusión: La CVRS de ambos grupos difiere sólo en el aspecto bienestar físico, lo que concuerda con la presencia de patologías de origen neuromúsculo-esquelético en el grupo de casos, e indicaría que el resto de las dimensiones de la CVRS se ven influidas por elementos distintos a la presencia de la enfermedad. Se requiere más estudios, con mayor número de pacientes e idealmente con instrumentos específicos, para determinar las variables que inciden en la CVRS de enfermedades determinadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Disabled Children/psychology , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Social Status , Case-Control Studies , Health Status , Interpersonal Relations , Disabled Children/rehabilitation , Personal Autonomy , Psychometrics , Social SupportABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar como ocorre a utilização do playground por um grupo de crianças com paralisia cerebral tipo diparética espástica segundo relato verbal de suas mães. Participaram da pesquisa dez mães de crianças entre quatro e oito anos, para as quais foi aplicado um questionário contendo perguntas sobre a utilização desse espaço pela criança. Posteriormente foram selecionadas cinco mães, que preenchiam os critérios estabelecidos para o estudo, que era freqüentar o playground regularmente com seu filho. Foi agendada uma entrevista semi-estruturada, realizada pela pesquisadora e gravada em fita cassete. As mães relataram freqüentar playgrounds de parques públicos com seus filhos, ressaltando que as crianças reagiam bem aos estímulos oferecidos pelos brinquedos, apresentando pouca dificuldade nos relacionamentos sociais. Referiram também ter sido pouco orientadas sobre os benefícios do playground por profissionais que atuam na área do desenvolvimento. O desempenho das crianças mostrou que este ambiente pode ser favorável ao desenvolvimento motor e social, proporcionando os estímulos vestibulares, proprioceptivos e táteis, semelhantes àqueles oferecidos na terapia de integração sensorial. Espera-se apontar uma nova alternativa de estimulação para a criança com paralisia cerebral no ambiente natural do playground, proporcionando melhor desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e social.
The aim of this study was to investigate how does the use of the playground by a group of children with spastic diparetic cerebral palsy, according to their mothers' verbal report. Ten mothers of children between four and eight years participated of this research and answered a questionnaire with questions about the child performance in the playground space. Subsequently, five mothers were selected to participate in another phase of the study, which consisted in regularly attend the playground with their children. The data was collected in a semi-structured interview, conducted by the researcher and recorded on audiotape. Mothers reported frequenting public parks with playgrounds for their children, stating that the children reacted well to the stimuli offered by the toys, presenting little difficulty in social relationships and refer that they have been little counseling on the benefits of the playground by professionals who working in development. Children's performance showed that this environment may be conducive to the motor and social development, providing the vestibular, proprioceptive and tactile stimulus, like those offered on sensory integration therapy. It is hoped an alternative propose of stimulation for the child with cerebral palsy in the natural environment of the playground, providing a better motor development, cognitive and social development.