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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(6): 696-701, jun. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560242

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: El objetivo primario de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de colonización nasal por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (SAMR) en estudiantes de medicina en cursos pre-clínicos versus clínicos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile y describir el patrón epidemiológico, clínico y molecular de las cepas de SAMR obtenidas. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal a 299 estudiantes de pregrado y postgrado de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 44 alumnos de primer año y 29 de segundo año, correspondiendo éstos a alumnos de cursos sin exposición clínica habitual y 26 alumnos de sexto año, 58 de séptimo año y 142 residentes, los cuales están diariamente expuestos a ambientes hospitalarios. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una portación de 0% (0/73) en estudiantes no expuestos a la clínica (cursos pre-clínicos) y de 0,9% (2/226) en estudiantes de cursos clínicos, diferencia que no fue estadísticamente significativa (valor p 0,42). CONCLUSIONES: La portación nasal de SAMR en el personal de salud de este trabajo fue baja, encontrando muestras positivas solo en estudiantes con exposición clínica. Esta prevalencia es similar a la reportada en otros trabajos de características similares realizados en Chile.


OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal colonization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in medical students in pre-clinical versus clinical courses at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and to describe the epidemiological, clinical and molecular pattern of the MRSA strains obtained. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 299 undergraduate and graduate medical students from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 44 first-year students and 29 second-year students, corresponding to students of courses without regular clinical exposure and 26 sixth-year students, 58 seventh-year and 142 residents, who are daily exposed to hospital environments. RESULTS: A carriage of 0% (0/73) was found in students not exposed to the clinic (pre-clinical courses) and 0.9% (2/226) in students of clinical courses, a difference that was not statistically significant (p-value 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: The MRSA nasal carriage found in our medical students was low, finding positive samples only in students with clinical exposure. This prevalence is similar to the one reported in other studies in Chile with similar characteristics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Carrier State/microbiology , Carrier State/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nasal Cavity/microbiology
2.
Rev. méd. Maule ; 38(1): 28-34, jun. 2023. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1562320

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) is a discipline when used judiciously and considering the preferences of patients, means benefits in clinical contexts and in health care management. It provides tools for a correct analysis of the scientific literature, which would improve decision-making by clinicians. It is a competition that has been trained at the Faculty of Medicine of the UCM. However, there are no formal measurements of the impact of these courses on the development of EBM competencies. OBJECTIVE: this study aims to carry out a brief analysis of knowledge and skills in EBM of family medicine students. MATERIAL AND METHOD: we applied an instrument - ACE Tool as a descriptive approximation of the management level in EBM in medicine students, who have previously had formal training. This instrument evaluates the different stages of EBM. RESULTS: the statistical analysis has reported a level of performance that qualifies students with results below what is desirable, classifying them as a "novice" level of performance. There are no statistically significant differences according to gender.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Clinical Competence , Evidence-Based Practice/education , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Evidence-Based Medicine , Family Practice , Internship and Residency
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(4): 403-411, abr. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560189

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity in Chile despite government-sponsored measures and campaigns, along with others in the last 30 years, suggests additional reinforcement of these efforts at the primary care level. OBJECTIVES: To determine if lifestyles and modifiable health risk factors in first-year students from the University of Chile Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, potential future promoters of healthy lifestyles, show changes throughout their first academic year. METHODS: In a randomized stratified sample of 388 students according to sex and chosen career weight, height, waist circumference, waist circumference-weight ratio, food consumption, smoking prevalence and dependence, alcohol use, perceived stress level, and physical activity were measured at the first week, 3 and 6 months after their admission. The Cochrane test assessed dichotomic variables, and the Friedman test was used for nonparametric values. RESULTS: 253 students (186 women) completed the follow-up. A significant worsening of obesity (general and abdominal) and physical inactivity, persistent moderate and high-stress perception, and smoking prevalence were documented throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The progressive obesity and physical inactivity, high-stress perception, and persistent smoking prevalence in the first year of academic life suggest considering measures in the curricular academic structure that facilitate adjustments in the student's lifestyles. Future follow-up of this cohort, increasing participants, and assessing students' mental health are planned.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Students, Dental/psychology , Students, Dental/statistics & numerical data , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Sedentary Behavior , Obesity/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 482-490, abr. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440337

ABSTRACT

En estudios preliminares objetivamos alta prevalencia de uso de sustancias psicoactivas (SP) entre alumnos de Anatomía, con mayor impacto entre los recursantes o aquellos con actividades laborales. La causa del uso es multifactorial, pero se destacan factores de riesgo y precipitantes como la carga horaria de la currícula, exigencias de estudio, el distrés por el afrontamiento cadavérico negativo, el nuevo contexto educativo y la cantidad de horas de sueño. El objetivo fue comparar la prevalencia de uso de SP entre las cohortes de 2011-2019, con focalización en los factores determinantes conductuales. Estudio observacional, transversal y comparativo mediante encuesta estandarizada y anónima en 945 alumnos (año 2011= 122; año 2013= 158; año 2015=204; año 2017= 228; año 2019= 233). Se aplicaron parámetros estadísticos, se definió la significación como p -0.84; AA: r> -0.71). En el caso de ansiolíticos benzodiacepínicos, se asoció con falta de sueño y distrés por el afrontamiento negativo al estudio con cadáveres. En las cohortes comparadas por el lapso de 9 años hallamos alta prevalencia de uso de sustancias psicoactivas con tendencia al incremento. Las variables actividad laboral y recursante fueron determinantes para el uso de sustancias, y se asociaron cuestiones relativas a la adaptabilidad universitaria y afrontamiento de estudio negativo con el cadáver; todos con incidencia pedagógica en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.


SUMMARY: In preliminary studies, we observed a high prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances (PS) among Anatomy students, with a greater impact among recurrent students or those with work activities. The cause of use is multifactorial, but risk and precipitating factors stand out, such as the workload of the curriculum, study demands, distress due to negative cadaveric coping, the new educational context and the number of hours of sleep. The objective was to compare the prevalence of SP use between the 2011-2019 cohorts, with a focus on behavioral determinants. Observational, cross-sectional and comparative study using a standardized and anonymous survey in 945 students (year 2011= 122; year 2013= 158; year 2015=204; year 2017= 228; year 2019= 233). Statistical parameters were applied, significance was defined as p -0.84; AA: r> -0.71). In the case of benzodiazepine anxiolytics, it was associated with lack of sleep and distress due to negative coping with the study with cadavers. In the cohorts compared for a period of 9 years, we found a high prevalence of psychoactive substance use with an increasing trend. The variables work activity and recurrence were determinants for the use of substances, and issues related to university adaptability and negative study coping with the corpse were associated; all with pedagogical impact on the teaching and learning process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Anatomy/education , Argentina , Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude to Death , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Dissection/education , Dissection/psychology , Psychological Distress
5.
Rev. Nac. (Itauguá) ; 14(2): 030-043, jul.-dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1402679

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el primer caso de COVID-19 se confirmó en Paraguay el 7 de marzo de 2020. No se han encontrado publicaciones que haya caracterizado la frecuencia y características clínicoepidemiológica de COVID-19 en estudiantes de medicina. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y características clínicas de estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Pacífico en el periodo académico 2020-2021. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, que incluyó a estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Pacifico. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante una encuesta virtual por Google Docs© que incluía la edad, sexo, curso, síntomas, secuelas, pruebas laboratoriales y resultados para SARS-CoV-2 y gravedad del cuadro. Resultados: se encuestaron 342 estudiantes entre 18 a 42 años de los 6 cursos, 70,8 % de sexo femenino, 66,4 % presentó síntomas compatibles con COVID-19, el más frecuente (44,2 %) fue el dolor de cabeza. El 67,5 % estuvo en contacto con alguna persona con COVID-19 y 40,4 % informó no haber respetado estrictamente la cuarentena, el 61,7 % se realizó alguna prueba laboratorial y de ellos el 42,7 % resultó positivo para el SARS-CoV-2, 98,9 % cursó con cuadro leve. El 86,7 % conocía el nexo de contagio. Se observó significativamente (p<0,001) mayor frecuencia de COVID19 en los estudiantes ≤21 años (65 % vs 32 %), los que tuvieron contacto con persona con COVID19 (49,1 % vs 10,5 %), y aquellos que presentaron síntomas compatibles (48,8 % vs 18,6 %). Conclusiones: casi la mitad de los participantes presentaron resultados positivos para SARS-CoV2, lo que pone de manifiesto una alta transmisión comunitaria.


Introduction: the first case of COVID-19 in Paraguay was confirmed on March 7, 2020. No publications characterizing the frequency and clinical-epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in medical students have been found. Objective: to determine the frequency of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and clinical characteristics of medical students at the Universidad del Pacífico during the 2020-2021 academic period. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study, that included medical students from the Universidad del Pacífico. The data was obtained through an online survey by Google Docs© that included age, sex, academic year, symptoms, sequelae, laboratory testing and results for SARS-CoV-2 and severity of the condition. Results: 342 students between 18 and 42 years of age from the 6 courses were surveyed, 70.8% were female; 66.4 % presented symptoms compatible with COVID-19, the most frequent (44.2 %) was headache. 67.5 % were in contact with someone with COVID-19 and 40.4 % reported not strictly following quarantine guidelines, 61.7 % underwent some laboratory testing and 42.7 % of them were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 98.9 % had a mild infection. 86.7 % knew the contagion source. A significantly (p<0.001) higher frequency of COVID-19 was observed in students ≤21 years old (65 % vs 32 %), those who had contact with a person with COVID-19 (49.1 % vs 10.5 %), and those who presented compatible symptoms (48.8 % vs 18.6 %). Conclusions: almost half of the participants presented positive results for SARS-CoV-2, which shows high community transmission.


Subject(s)
Students, Medical , Universities , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Disease Transmission, Infectious , COVID-19/epidemiology , Paraguay , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Surveys and Questionnaires , COVID-19 Serological Testing/statistics & numerical data
6.
An. Facultad Med. (Univ. Repúb. Urug., En línea) ; 9(1): e203, jun. 2022. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1383558

ABSTRACT

La duración de la carrera de medicina en la Universidad de la República, Uruguay, se redujo un año al modificarse el plan de estudios. Estudiantes que cursaron el novel y el antiguo plan rindieron sincrónicamente un concurso previo a la práctica preprofesional en 2015, graduándose simultáneamente. Este trabajo indagó sobre las potenciales derivaciones de cursar uno u otro plan, como forma de obtener insumos para la evaluación del plan de estudios actual y de los programas de becas de apoyo estudiantil, a fin de proyectar estrategias de mejora. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo cuantitativo analizando el desempeño, la retención y el rezago estudiantil en relación con el plan cursado, atributos sociodemográficos y el usufructo de becas. Los graduados con rezago tuvieron peor desempeño al final de la carrera que los graduados en tiempo, independientemente del plan. El rezago se asoció al perfil sociodemográfico. El 23.7% de los graduados usufructuó alguna beca durante su carrera. Los becados presentaron niveles educativos parentales inferiores y procedieron en mayor proporción del interior del país que el total de graduados. Se concluye que: a) la desvinculación y el rezago académico tienen lugar en ambos planes; b) cursar con rezago se asocia a un peor desempeño en etapas finales de la carrera, vinculándose con el perfil sociodemográfico y no con cursar un plan de estudios u otro y c) las políticas institucionales de becas remedian parcialmente este hecho favoreciendo la retención y graduación.


At the Universidad de la República, Uruguay, the medical career duration was reduced as a consequence of a curriculum renovation. Students who attended the novice and the prior curriculum synchronously took a pre-practice contest in 2015, graduating simultaneously. This work investigated the potential derivations of taking the previous or the new curriculum and to obtain inputs for the evaluation of the current curriculum and student support scholarship programs in order to project improvement strategies. A quantitative retrospective study was carried out analyzing student performance, retention and delayed graduation in relation to the curriculum taken, sociodemographic attributes and the use of scholarships. Regardless of the curriculum, those with a delayed graduation showed lower results than those who graduated in time. Delayed graduation was associated with the sociodemographic profile. A 23.7% of the graduates used a scholarship at some point in their career. The scholarship recipients presented lower parental educational levels and came in a greater proportion from the interior of the country than the total number of graduates. It was concluded that: a) dropout and academic delay occur at both curriculums; b) obtaining a degree with a delay is associated with worse performance in the final career stages, being linked to the sociodemographic profile and not to taking one study plan or another and c) institutional scholarship policies partially solve baseline inequities, favoring retention and graduation.


A duração do curso de medicina da Universidade da República, Uruguai, foi reduzida em um ano como consequência da modificação do plano de estudos. Os alunos que pegaram o novato e o plano antigo de forma síncrona realizaram um concurso anterior a prática pré-profissional em 2015, graduando-se simultaneamente. Este trabalho investigou as possíveis derivações da adoção de um ou outro plano, como forma de obter informaçoes para a avaliação do atual plano de estudos e programas de bolsas de apoio ao estudante, a fim de projetar estratégias de melhoria. Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo retrospectivo analisando desempenho, retenção e defasagem dos alunos em relação ao plano realizado, atributos sociodemográficos e utilização de bolsas. Os graduados com defasagem alcançaram resultados significativamente mais baixos do que os graduados no prazo, independentemente do plano. A defasagem foi associada ao perfil sociodemográfico. Vinte e três por cento dos egressos utilizaram bolsa durante a curso. Os bolsistas apresentavam pais com menor nível educativo e vinham em maior proporção do interior do país do que o total de diplomados. Conclui-se que: a) o desistência e a defasagem acadêmica ocorrem em ambos os planos; b) a defasagem está associado a um pior desempenho nas fases finais da curso, estando vinculado ao perfil sociodemográfico e não à realização de um ou outro plano de estudos e ao perfil sociodemográfico e não de um ou outro plano de estudos e c) as políticas institucionais de bolsas sanam parcialmente este fato, favorecendo a retenção e a graduação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Evaluation of Medical School Curriculum , Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Retrospective Studies , Educational Status , Fellowships and Scholarships/statistics & numerical data
7.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);68(2): 206-211, Feb. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365345

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: A multicentric, cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 in medical students and residents from four universities and affiliated hospitals in Brazil. METHODS: A survey about contamination risk and symptoms was sent to all participants through email and WhatsApp. Prevalence was measured by the self-report of positive polymerase chain reaction or serological test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Prevalence of infection by Sars-CoV-2 was 14.9% (151/1011). The disease was more prevalent in residents and interns than in undergraduate students. Contact with an infected relative outside the hospital or with colleagues without using personal protective equipment was associated with higher contamination. Contact with patients without wearing goggles and higher weekly frequency of contact were the two factors independently associated with the infection by Coronavirus disease 2019 in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Medical students, interns, and residents have a higher prevalence of Coronavirus disease 2019 than the general population, in which the last two groups are significantly at higher risk. Contacting patients at a higher weekly frequency increases the risk for infection. The use of goggles should be reinforced when contacting patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/etiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/epidemiology , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Schools, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Academic Medical Centers/statistics & numerical data , Personal Protective Equipment , SARS-CoV-2
8.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 31(1): e2021409, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375391

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Demonstrar a viabilidade da utilização combinada da autocoleta de swab nasofaríngeo e pool testing para detecção do SARS-CoV-2 em inquéritos epidemiológicos. Métodos: A experiência envolveu amostra de 154 estudantes da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, que realizaram a autocoleta do swab nasofaríngeo em cabines individuais e sem supervisão. O teste molecular foi realizado utilizando-se a técnica de pool testing. Resultados: A obtenção de amostras durou cerca de 5 minutos por pessoa. Realizou-se análise para detecção de RNA endógeno em 40 amostras e os resultados indicaram que não houve falhas decorrentes da autocoleta. Nenhum dos pools detectou presença de RNA viral. O custo da realização do teste molecular (RT-PCR) por pool testing com amostras obtidas por autocoleta foi cerca de dez vezes menor do que nos métodos habituais. Conclusão: As estratégias investigadas mostraram-se economicamente viáveis e válidas para a pesquisa de SARS-CoV-2 em inquéritos epidemiológicos.


Objetivo: Demostrar la viabilidad del uso combinado de la auto recolección de swabs nasofaríngeos y tests por agrupamiento (pool testing) para la detección del SARS-CoV-2 en encuestas epidemiológicas. Métodos: La prueba involucró a una muestra de 154 estudiantes de la Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, quienes realizaron e autorecolectado del hisopo nasofaríngeo en cabinas individuales sin supervisión. La prueba molecular se realizó utilizando la técnica de prueba de grupo. Resultados: La obtención de muestras duró unos 5 minutos por persona. Se realizó un análisis para detectar ARN endógeno en 40 muestras y los resultados indicaron que no hubo fallas derivadas de la autorecolección. Ninguno de los grupos detectó la presencia de ARN viral. El costo de realizar una prueba molecular (RT-PCR) por pool con muestras obtenidas por auto-recolección fue aproximadamente 10 veces menor que con los métodos habituales. Conclusión: Las estrategias investigadas demostraron ser económicamente viables y válidas para la investigación del SARS-CoV-2 en encuestas epidemiológicas.


Objective: To show the feasibility of the combined use of self-collected nasopharyngeal swab and pool testing to detect SARS-CoV-2 in epidemiological surveys. Methods: This experience included a sample of 154 students at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, who performed self-collected nasopharyngeal swab in individual cabins and without supervision. The molecular test was performed using the pool testing technique. Results: It took each person 5 minutes to collect the sample. An analysis was performed to detect endogenous RNA in 40 samples. The results showed that there were no failures resulting from self-collection. None of the pools detected the presence of viral RNA. The cost of molecular testing (RT-PCR), by pool testing, with samples obtained by self-collection was about ten times lower than the usual methods. Conclusion: The strategies that were investigated proved to be economically feasible and valid for the research on SARS-CoV-2 in epidemiological surveys.


Subject(s)
Humans , Feasibility Studies , Self-Testing , COVID-19/diagnosis , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Nasopharynx/virology , SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
9.
Coluna/Columna ; 20(3): 197-200, July-Sept. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339754

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the prevalence of low back pain and related factors among graduate medical students, and to measure the level of disability that this pain can cause in these students. Methods Data were collected virtually, through Google Forms. After signing an Informed Consent Form (ICF), the participants responded to a sociodemographic survey, and those who reported having low back pain responded to the Oswestry Disability Index. The data analysis was conducted in three stages, through the R Core Team 2020 statistic program, open-source and free software. The Chi-square Test and Fisher's Exact Test were used in the second and third stages. Results The study was composed of 200 participants, of whom 58% reported lumbar pain. Of those with pain, 94% had minimum scores on the disability scale. None of the variables showed a relevant connection, though BMI, sex, and use of Alcohol were notable for achieving p-values of around 0.05 or higher. Conclusion The prevalence of lumbar pain among the medical students was 58%, and no specific risk factors were identified. Furthermore, 94% of the students who reported lumbar pain had a minimum disability score and 6% a moderate score. None of the participants presented severe or greater disability. Level of evidence II; A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach.


RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de lombalgia e os fatores associados em acadêmicos de medicina e medir o grau de incapacidade que a dor pode causar nesses estudantes. Métodos Os dados foram coletados virtualmente, por meio do Google Forms. Depois da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e os que relataram dor lombar também preencheram o Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry. A análise dos dados foi feita em três etapas, com o programa estatístico R Core Team 2020, software livre e de código aberto. Nas segunda e terceira etapas, foram aplicados o Teste do Qui-Quadrado e o Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados O estudo constou de 200 participantes, dos quais 58% relataram dor lombar. Dentre as pessoas com dor, 94% tinham escore de incapacidade em escala mínima. Nenhuma das variáveis apresentou relação significativa, embora IMC, sexo e etilismo tenham demonstrado valor de p próximo de 0,05 ou superior. Conclusões A prevalência de dor lombar nos estudantes de medicina foi de 58%, e nenhum fator de risco específico foi identificado. Além disso, 94% dos acadêmicos que relataram dor lombar tiveram escore de incapacidade na escala mínima e 6% em escala moderada. Nenhum participante apresentou incapacidade grave ou maior. Nível de evidência II; Estudo descritivo transversal com abordagem quantitativa.


RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia de lumbalgia y factores asociados en estudiantes de medicina y medir el grado de discapacidad que el dolor puede causar en estos estudiantes. Métodos Los datos se recopilaron virtualmente a través de Google Forms. Después de firmar el Formulario de consentimiento informado (FCI), los participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y aquellos que informaron dolor lumbar también completaron el Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry. El análisis de los datos se realizó en tres etapas, con el programa estadístico R Core Team 2020, software libre y de código abierto. En la segunda y tercera etapa se aplicó la Prueba de Chi-Cuadrado y la Prueba Exacta de Fisher. Resultados El estudio consistió en 200 participantes, de los cuales, el 58% mencionó dolor lumbar. Entre las personas con dolor, el 94% tenía una puntuación de discapacidad en escala mínima. Ninguna de las variables mostró relación significativa, sin embargo se destacan IMC, sexo y consumo de alcohol que presentaron valor de p cercano a 0,05 o superior. Conclusiones La prevalencia de lumbalgia entre los estudiantes de medicina fue del 58% y no se identificó ningún factor de riesgo específico. Además, el 94% de los estudiantes que informaron dolor lumbar tenían puntuación de discapacidad en una escala mínima y el 6% en una escala moderada. Ningún participante tenía discapacidad grave o mayor. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Low Back Pain/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 41(2): 61-70, jun. 2021. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254381

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el ejercicio de la docencia universitaria por parte de estudiantes de Medicina ofrecería múltiples beneficios. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia de que mejore el desempeño en los exámenes estandarizados en el posgrado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la diferencia de los puntajes en el examen de residencias médicas municipales entre ayudantes y no ayudantes, y evaluar la autopercepción del efecto de ser ayudante sobre el desempeño en dicho examen y sobre las habilidades académicas. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con un muestreo por conveniencia de médicos participantes del examen de residencias médicas municipales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) de 2018, a partir del listado oficial. Se excluyeron aquellos a quienes fue imposible contactar, que se negaran a participar o cuya identidad discrepara con la de la persona seleccionada para incluir en el estudio. Resultados: de los 3579 médicos que concursaron en el examen de residencias médicas básicas municipales de CABA 2018, se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 300 sujetos, de los cuales se contactó a 87. De ellos, 20 sujetos cumplían con criterios de exclusión; por lo tanto fueron 67 sujetos los que finalmente participaron del estudio. La proporción de respuestas con respecto a los sujetos que pudieron ser contactados mediante redes sociales fue 77%. El puntaje de examen entre los ayudantes fue de 32,3 ± 5,7 puntos mientras que entre los no ayudantes fue 29,5 ± 6,1 puntos. Entre los ayudantes, el 68% informó percibir que el hecho de haber realizado una ayudantía en el pregrado tuvo un efecto de levemente a muy positivo sobre su desempeño en el examen, un 76% refirió la profundización de conocimientos específicos, el 73% informó una mejoría en sus habilidades comunicacionales y el 59% una mayor capacidad para jerarquizar contenidos. Conclusión: el desarrollo de una actividad docente en el pregrado sería percibida por quienes la desarrollan como una actividad promotora de habilidades comunicacionales y de jerarquización de contenidos y, ulteriormente, como una influencia positiva en el desempeño académico en el examen de residencias médicas municipales. Estas conclusiones deben confirmarse con estudios futuros. (AU)


Introduction: medical students could benefit from teaching university courses. However, there is no evidence showing that this activity improves academic performance on standardized tests in graduate school. The objective of this study was to describe the differences in scores on the municipal medical residency exam between physicians who were teaching assistants and those who weren't, and to evaluate the self-perception of the effect of being a teaching assistant on the performance on this exam and on academic skills in general. Methods: this is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample of physicians participating in the 2018 municipal medical residency exam of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) based on official lists. Those who could not be contacted, refused to participate, or whose identity diverged from the person selected to include in the study, were excluded. Results: of the 3,579 physicians who participated in the basic municipal medical residency exam in CABA 2018, a random sample of 300 subjects was taken, of which 87 were contacted. Of those, 20 subjects met the exclusion criteria, having 67 subjects finally participating in the study. The proportion of subjects who could be contacted through social networks was 77%. The exam score among physicians who were teaching assistants was 32.3 ± 5.7 points while among the non-teaching assistants it was 29.5 ± 6.1 points. Among the teaching assistants, 68% perceived that the fact of having been a teaching assistant as an undergraduate had a slight to very positive effect on their performance in the exam, 76% referred the deepening of their specific knowledge on the subject they taught, 73% reported an improvement in their communication skills, and 59% referred a greater ability to rank content. Conclusions: undergraduate teaching would be perceived as an activity that promotes communication skills and ability to rank content and, therefore, as a positive influence on academic performance in the municipal medical residency exam. These conclusions need to be confirmed with future studies. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Argentina , Professional Competence , Self Concept , Teaching , Universities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Learning
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 19(2): 82-88, abr.-jun. 2021. tab., graf.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379252

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos entre estudantes de medicina e comparar o ganho de conhecimento ao longo dos períodos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico entre estudantes do internato do curso de medicina de uma universidade, entre maio e junho de 2017, por meio de um questionário que contemplou dados sociodemográficos, autoavaliação e conhecimentos específicos sobre cuidados paliativos. Resultados: Dos 135 estudantes, menos de 30% tinham conhecimento da definição da Organização Mundial da Saúde de cuidados paliativos, e apenas 3% tinham percepção de ter recebido informações suficientes para lidar com pacientes terminais. Os acertos variaram entre 14,8% e 88,9% no domínio da dor; entre 32,6% e 86,7% no domínio dos problemas psiquiátricos; eram inferiores a um terço nos domínios da dispneia e dos problemas gastrintestinais e maiores nos domínios da filosofia e da comunicação. No domínio da dor e dos problemas psiquiátricos, os estudantes do sexto ano obtiveram maiores medianas de acertos em relação aos alunos do quinto ano, com significância estatística (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os alunos apresentaram desconhecimento da definição de cuidados paliativos, que esteve associada a uma percepção de insuficiente preparo para lidar com pacientes terminais. Quanto aos conhecimentos específicos, embora os alunos apresentassem baixas frequências de acertos nos domínios da dor, dispneia, problemas gastrintestinais e psiquiátricos, a experiência do internato proporcionou um ganho de conhecimento. (AU)


Objective: To assess the knowledge about palliative care among medical students and compare knowledge gain over the periods. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out among students of the fifth and sixth years of the medical course of a university from May to June 2017, through the application of a questionnaire that included socio-demographic data, self-assessment, and specific knowledge about palliative care. Results: Out of a total of 135 students, less than 30% were aware of the World Health Organization definition of palliative care and only 3% had a perception that they had received enough information to deal with terminal patients. The pain domain presented correct frequencies ranging from 14.8% to 88.9%; in the area of psychiatric problems, it ranged from 32.6% to 86.7%; they were of less than one third in the domain of dyspnea and gastrointestinal problems, and higher in the domains of philosophy and communication. In the pain and psychiatric problems domains, students in the sixth year had the highest median scores in relation to the fifth year, with statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusion: Students were not aware of the definition of palliative care and showed the perception of insufficient preparation to deal with terminal patients. As for the specific knowledge, although students presented low frequencies of correct answers in the domains of pain, dyspnea, gastrointestinal and psychiatric problems, the experience of the internship provided an additional knowledge gain. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Palliative Care , Self-Assessment , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hospice Care/methods , Clinical Competence/statistics & numerical data , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Pain Management , Internship and Residency
12.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; J. bras. psiquiatr;70(2): 117-125, abr.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279310

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Descrever a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre estudantes de Medicina. Estimar a prevalência de tabagismo. MÉTODOS: Corte transversal com questionário autoaplicado a todos os estudantes de Medicina de uma universidade pública na Bahia (n = 616), matriculados do primeiro ao oitavo semestre. Análise multivariada por meio de Regressão de Cox identificou os fatores associados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas, por meio de três desfechos: presença e frequência de uso e o padrão de uso denominado binge drinking. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 556 estudantes (90,2% de resposta), entre os quais 58,7% bebem, 21% consomem álcool com uma frequência de pelo menos uma vez por semana e 36% fazem binge drinking. O público masculino e os mais ativos fisicamente no lazer apresentaram maiores prevalências de uso de bebidas alcoólicas, seja pela maior frequência de uso ou uso de mais doses em uma ocasião. Variáveis escolares se associaram a uma ou outra modalidade de mensuração do uso de álcool. A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 4,8%. CONCLUSÃO: O uso de bebidas alcoólicas e seu padrão de consumo foram altos na população estudada, consistente com outras populações de estudantes já investigadas. A baixa prevalência de tabagismo é consistente com a literatura, que admite o êxito de políticas públicas destinadas ao controle desse consumo no Brasil.


OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with the use of alcoholic beverages among medical students. Estimate the prevalence of smoking. METHODS: Cross-sectional study (census) with a self-administered questionnaire in medical students at a public university in Bahia (n = 616) enrolled from the first to the eighth semester. Multivariate analysis using Cox Regression identified the factors associated with the use of alcoholic beverages, through three outcomes: presence and frequency of use and the pattern of use called binge drinking. RESULTS: 556 students were studied (90.2% response), among which, 58.7% drink, 21% consume alcohol at least once a week and 36% do binge drinking. The male population and those more physically active at leisure time showed a higher prevalence of alcohol use, either due to the higher frequency of use or the use of more doses on one occasion. School variables were associated with one or another method of measuring alcohol use. The prevalence of smoking was 4.8%. CONCLUSION: The use of alcoholic beverages and their consumption pattern were high in the studied population, consistent with other student populations already investigated. The low prevalence of smoking is consistent with the literature that admits the success of public policies aimed at controlling this consumption in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Binge Drinking/psychology , Life Style
13.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; J. bras. psiquiatr;70(2): 91-98, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279304

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome de Burnout nos estudantes de Medicina. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição privada de ensino na região Sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se o Maslach Burnout Inventory ­ Student Survey para a identificação da síndrome e um instrumento para a coleta de informações sociodemográficas, hábitos, rotina e situação acadêmica. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados e avaliaram-se associações entre as informações obtidas a partir do instrumento de coleta com a presença da síndrome de Burnout, utilizando-se razões de prevalência por meio do teste qui-quadrado ou teste de Fisher. Associações com valor de p < 0,25 foram inseridas em um modelo multivariado, em formato step-forward, utilizando-se regressão de Poisson. Foram consideradas significativas associações com valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADO: Quinhentos e vinte e dois (88,2%) alunos participaram da pesquisa. A prevalência da síndrome de Burnout foi de 12,3%. As associações com síndrome de Burnout que possuíram valor de p < 0,25 foram "não viver com parceiro", "residir sozinho", "dormir até cinco horas por dia", "ter até cinco horas semanais de lazer", "possuir pensamento suicida" e "realizar acompanhamento psicológico". Após inserir essas variáveis no modelo multivariado, identificou-se apenas 10% de maior probabilidade de síndrome de Burnout no estudante que relatou pensamento suicida, sendo esse o único fator associado encontrado à ocorrência de burnout (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de síndrome de Burnout entre os acadêmicos de Medicina foi de 12,3%, e apenas a presença de pensamentos suicidas durante o curso foi associada à sua ocorrência.


OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with Burnout syndrome in medical students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with medical students from a private educational institution in southern Brazil. The Maslach Burnout Inventory ­ Student Survey was used to identify the syndrome and an instrument for collecting sociodemographic information, habits, routine and academic situation. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out and associations between related information were assessed using the collection instrument with the presence of Burnout syndrome, using the prevalence ratios using the chi-test or Fisher's test. Associations with a p-value < 0.25 were inserted in a multivariate model, in a step-forward format, using Poisson regression. They were considered signed with p value < 0.05. RESULT: Five hundred and twenty-two (88.2%) students participated in the survey. The prevalence of Burnout syndrome was 12.3%. Associations with Burnout syndrome that had a value of p < 0.25 were "not living with a partner", "living alone", "sleeping up to five hours a day", "having up to five hours a week of leisure", "having thoughts suicide" and "psychological counseling". After inserting these variables in the multivariate model, only 10% higher likelihood of Burnout syndrome was identified in the student who reported suicidal thinking, which is the only associated factor found with the occurrence of burnout (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Burnout syndrome among medical students was 12.3% and only the presence of suicidal thoughts during the course was associated with its occurrence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Medical/psychology , Suicidal Ideation , Burnout, Psychological/psychology , Burnout, Psychological/epidemiology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Chi-Square Distribution , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
14.
Femina ; 49(6): 367-372, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1290580

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à escolha da via de parto entre estudantes do curso de Medicina em uma universidade no Sul do país. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com estudantes de Medicina da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul) ­ Tubarão, no período de julho a novembro de 2019. Resultados: Fizeram parte da pesquisa 423 alunos, homens e mulheres, dos aproximadamente 600 matriculados no período. A maioria dos alunos considerou o parto vaginal (PV) mais seguro, e 44,1% dos estudantes escolheriam essa via para si/sua companheira. O principal motivo pelo qual os alunos escolheram PV foi a "alta hospitalar precoce", e o principal motivo que levou à escolha de cesariana (PC) foi a "ausência de dor durante o parto". Houve associação entre renda mais baixa e a escolha do PV (p = 0,002). A via de parto pela qual o estudante nasceu também se associou com a que ele escolheria (p = 0,001). Ademais, houve significância estatística entre a via de parto que o aluno considerou mais segura e a que ele de fato escolheria (p = 0,001). Todas as alunas que já tiveram filhos realizaram PC. Conclusão: O fator mais relevante de escolha do PC foi a "ausência de dor durante o parto", enquanto do PV foi "alta hospitalar precoce".(AU)


Objective: To identify the factors associated with the choice of birth delivery route among medical students at a university in the south of Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with medical students from the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul) ­ Tubarão, from July to November 2019. Results: Four hundred twenty three students took part in the research, men and women, out of the approximately 600 enrolled in the period. Most students considered vaginal delivery (VD) to be safer, and 44.1% of students would choose this route for their partner. The main reason why students chose VD was "early hospital discharge", and the main reason that led to the choice of cesarean section (CS) was "no pain during childbirth". There was an association between lower income and the choice of VD (p = 0.002). The route of delivery that the student was born was also associated with the one he would choose (p = 0.001). In addition, there was statistical significance between the route of delivery that the student considered safer with the one he would actually choose (p = 0.001). All female students who already had children underwent CS. Conclusion: The most relevant factor for choosing CS was "no pain during delivery", while for VD was "early hospital discharge".(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Choice Behavior , Parturition , Obstetrics/methods , Brazil , Cesarean Section/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Natural Childbirth/methods
15.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 19(3): 165-169, set 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391850

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify the main factors affecting medical stu- dents' sleep quality and the probable relationship between sleep and academic performance throughout the course. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study was carried out at a private higher education institution in the city of Araguari (MG), Brazil. The sample consisted of 110 regularly enrolled medical students. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire were applied. Statistical analy- sis was performed using the one way analysis of variance test with the post-hoc Tukey test, two way analysis of variance Test, and Student's t-test. Results: Out of the 105 students analyzed, 19.04% (n=20) were classified as "good" sleepers and 80.95% (n=85) as "poor" sleepers. No statistically significant difference was observed between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire scores and the students' grades averages or the students' academic terms. Conclusion: The majority of the students was classified as "poor" sleepers. The use of ener- getic substances and the female sex were the two significant factors that may affect sleep quality. There was no relationship between sleep quality and academic performance.


Objetivo: Identificar os principais fatores que afetam a qualidade do sono de acadêmicos de medicina e a provável relação entre o sono e o desempenho escolar ao longo do curso. Métodos: Estudo transversal de cunho qualiquantitativo realizado em uma institui- ção privada de ensino superior da cidade de Araguari (MG). A amostra foi constituída de 110 acadêmicos do curso de medi- cina regularmente matriculados. Aplicaram-se um questioná- rio sociodemográfico e o Questionário Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de análise de variância one way com post-hoc de Tukey, teste de análise de variância two way e teste t Student. Resultados: Dos 105 estudantes analisados, 19,05% (n=20) foram classificados como bons dormidores e 80,95% (n=85) como maus dormidores. Não houve diferença significativa entre o escore do Questioná- rio Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh e as médias de notas semestrais, tampouco entre o escore do questionário e os períodos letivos. Conclusão: A maioria dos acadêmicos foi clas- sificada como maus dormidores. Uso de substâncias energéticas e sexo feminino foram os fatores significativos que podem afetar a qualidade do sono. Não houve relação entre a qualidade do sono e o desempenho acadêmico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Academic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Sleep Quality , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Contraceptives, Oral , Sedentary Behavior , Central Nervous System Stimulants
16.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 15(1): 56-61, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1281221

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La producción científica ocupa un lugar importante en la formación de estudiantes de medicina. Siendo el objetivo de la Revista ANACEM la promoción temprana de la formación científica de los futuros profesionales médicos, es importante conocer quiénes publican en la revista y sus afiliaciones universitarias. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a los autores de la revista ANACEM entre los años 2007 y 2018. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo. La población estudiada fueron todos los autores con publicaciones en la revista ANACEM, excluyendo publicaciones dentro del mismo Volumen. Datos obtenidos directamente de los números publicados por ANACEM digitalmente. Se utilizó el programa Microsoft Excel® para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: Los Volúmenes 5, 6 y 7 fueron los que tuvieron más autores de pregrado. En la totalidad de los Volúmenes la mayoría de los autores fueron hombres, tanto estudiantes como docentes. Un 52,1% de los autores de pregrado fueron internos; mientras que la mayoría de los docentes, 43,7%, fueron médicos especialistas. La Universidad de Concepción fue la universidad con mayor cantidad de autores de pregrado y de docentes. Un 51,8% de los docentes informó afiliación a un hospital. La nacionalidad más común fue la chilena, con un 90,1% de la totalidad de los autores. Discusión: Se vio un aumento en la cantidad de autores de pregrado hasta el Volumen N°7, con un descenso posterior. Se atribuyó el cambio en la cantidad de autores a problemas en la gestión y divulgación de la revista. Las afiliaciones universitarias no fueron informadas siempre por los docentes. Las otras categorías siguen patrones esperados.


INTRODUCTION: Scientific production has an important place in the training of medical students, but there is no clear pictureof the authors in the ANACEM journal. For this reason, it is important to know who publishes in the magazine and their affiliations. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the authors of the ANACEM journal between 2007 and 2018. Material and method: Retrospective study. The population studied were all authors with publications in the ANACEM journal, excluding repeating publications within the same volume. The data was obtained directly from the numbers published by ANACEM digitally. The software used for statistical analysis was Microsoft Excel®. Results: Volumes 5, 6 and 7 had the most undergraduate authors. When analyzing all volumes, the majority of both student authors and professional authors were men. 52.1% of undergraduate authors were interns; while 43.7% of tutors were medical specialists. The university with the largest number of authors was Universidad de Concepción. 51.8% of professional authors reported affiliation to a hospital. The most common nationality was Chilean, with 90.1% of all authors. Discussion: There was an increase in the number of undergraduate authors up to volume n°7, with a subsequent decrease. Changes in the number of authors were attributed to problems in management and divulgation of the journal. Affiliation to universities was not always informed by professionals. The other categories follow expected patterns.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Authorship , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Universities/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Biomedical Research
17.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(4): e193, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341007

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: Um dos maiores desafios em avaliar a formação médica é mensurar habilidades práticas, transpondo os limites do conhecimento teórico. O OSCE é uma alternativa de avaliação ativa e padronizada das competências clínicas. Apesar da sua crescente implementação, ainda são escassos os estudos longitudinais que subsidiem seu potencial avaliativo. Objetivo: Analisar a curva de aprendizagem dos estudantes de medicina com base na avaliação evolutiva de seus desempenhos nos OSCE de Urgência e Emergência. Método: Estudo retrospectivo a partir da análise de checklists avaliativos de três OSCE consecutivos, aplicados ao longo de 2019 a alunos do sexto ano de medicina da Universidade Positivo, na disciplina de Urgência e Emergência. Resultado: Foram analisados 270 checklists, aplicados a 90 alunos. Desse grupo, 51 (56,7 pontos percentuais) eram do gênero feminino e 69 (76,7 pontos percentuais) tinham entre 23 e 26 anos. Entre o primeiro e terceiro OSCE, 67 alunos (74,4 pontos percentuais) obtiveram um acréscimo significativo na nota final, cuja mediana foi elevada em 1,5 ponto. A partir da análise da evolução por componentes - conduta, reconhecimento, interação e seguimento - observou-se aumento no percentual de acertos em conduta (15,5 pontos percentuais), manutenção em reconhecimento, decréscimo tanto em interação (19,4 pontos percentuais) quanto em seguimento (16,1 pontos percentuais). Conclusão: O estudo aponta uma curva crescente das notas nos exames OSCE, sugerindo um aumento no aprendizado geral em Urgências e Emergência ao longo do ano. No entanto, a análise minuciosa dos componentes revela diferentes curvas de desempenho. Não sendo possível supor as causas destes contrapontos, são sugeridos mais estudos na área.


Abstract: Introduction: One of the major challenges in evaluating medical education is measuring practical skills, crossing the limits of theoretical knowledge. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is an alternative for active and standardized assessment of clinical competencies. Despite its growing implementation, longitudinal studies that support its evaluative potential are still scarce. Objective: To analyze the learning curve of medical students based on continuous assessment of their OSCE exams and individual performances within the discipline of Urgent and Emergency Care. Method: This retrospective study is based on the analysis of data taken from assessment checklists from three consecutive OSCEs applied to sixth-year Brazilian medical students within the Urgent and Emergency Care program of the 2019 academic year. Result: 270 assessment sheets from a total of 90 students were analyzed. The group was made up of 51 females (56.7 percentage points) and 69 of the students (or 76.7 percentage points) were aged between 23 and 26 years old. Between the first and third OSCE, 67 students (74.4 percentage points) increased their final grade, the median of which increased by an average of 1.5 points. Of the four medical components evaluated - conduct, recognition, interaction and follow-up - there was an improvement of 15.5 percentage points in correct conduct, zero impact on the results concerning recognition and drops of 19.4 and 16.1 percentage points in the areas of communication and follow-up, respectively. Conclusion: The study points to an increasing curve in OSCE scores, suggesting an increase in general learning in Urgent and Emergency Care over the course of the year. However, careful analysis of the components reveals different performance curves. Since it is not possible to presume the causes of these counterpoints, further studies in the area are suggested.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Competence , Educational Measurement/methods , Emergency Medical Services , Retrospective Studies , Checklist , Learning
18.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(1): e031, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155912

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by an increased likelihood of initiating sleep at inappropriate times through involuntary naps and it negatively impacts performance in studies, work, family, and social relationships and increases the risk of accidents. Objective: This study evaluated the schedule and prevalence of EDS and its associated factors in medical students (using the PBL method), comparing it with students from other health courses (using the Traditional method). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1152 university students who were attending courses in the health area. The presence of EDS was defined when scores >10 in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the chronotype was assessed by means of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Using Stata 13.0 software, descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, including interactions to fit the model. Results: The prevalence of EDS was 56.5% (95% CI, 53.6-59.4), and the mean ESS score was 11.1 (95% CI, 10.8-11.3). This value was lower among those who had morning chronotypes and was higher among medical students. 10.3% (n=119) of the students had a chronotype that was incompatible with the period of the course. The associated and independent factors for EDS were: female gender (PR, 1.14, 95% CI, 1.01-1.29), age between 16 and 19 years (PR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.04-1.39), studying late at night and using cell phones before falling asleep (PR, 1.56, 95% CI, 1.02-2.38), not doing weekly physical activity (PR, 1.13, 95% CI, 1.02-1.25), and morning chronotype (PR, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.76-0.99). Not using cell phones before bedtime reduced the prevalence of EDS by 14%. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the morning chronotype behaved as an independent protective factor for disorders of the circadian cycle. Performing weekly physical activity reduces EDS among students with intermediate and evening chronotypes.


Resumo: Introdução: A sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) é caracterizada por uma maior probabilidade de o indivíduo iniciar o sono em horários inadequados por meio de cochilos involuntários, afeta negativamente o desempenho nos estudos, no trabalho e nas relações familiares e sociais, e aumenta o risco de acidentes. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o cronotipo e a prevalência de SDE e seus fatores associados em estudantes de Medicina (método PBL). Para tanto, compararam-se os discentes de Medicina com os de outros cursos da área da saúde (método tradicional). Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal com 1.152 estudantes universitários matriculados em cursos de graduação da área da saúde. Definiu-se a presença de SDE quando se observaram escores > 10 na Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESE), e o cronótipo foi avaliado por meio do instrumento Morningness-eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Por meio do software Stata 13.0, realizaram-se estatística descritiva e análises bivariadas e multivariadas, além de interações para que o estudo pudesse se ajustar ao modelo. Resultados: A prevalência de SDE foi de 56,5% (IC 95%, 53,6-59,4), e a pontuação média na ESE foi de 11,1 (IC 95%, 10,8-11,3). Esse valor foi menor entre os que apresentaram cronotipo matutino e maior entre os estudantes de Medicina. Dos alunos que participaram do estudo, 10,3% (n = 119) apresentaram um cronotipo incompatível com o período do curso. Os fatores associados e independentes para a SDE foram: sexo feminino (RP, 1,14, IC 95%, 1,01-1,29), idade entre 16 e 19 anos (RP, 1,20, IC 95%, 1,04-1,39), hábito de estudar de madrugada, uso de celular antes de dormir (RP, 1,56, IC 95%, 1,02-2,38), não praticar atividade física semanal (RP, 1,13, IC 95%, 1,02-1,25) e cronótipo matutino (RP, 0,87, IC 95%, 0,76-0,99). Não usar telefones celulares antes de dormir reduziu a prevalência de SDE em 14%. Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou que o cronotipo matutino se comportou como um fator protetor independente para distúrbios do ciclo circadiano. A prática de atividade física semanal reduziu a prevalência SDE entre universitários com cronotipos intermediário e noturno.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Students, Health Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Circadian Rhythm , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Exercise , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/epidemiology
19.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(6): 551-558, dic. 2020. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388766

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la participación de los residentes de cirugía plástica de Chile en la publicación científica de los últimos 20 años y evaluar su experiencia durante la residencia. Materiales y Método: Revisión de la literatura desde 1998-2018 bajo los términos: Cirugía Plástica, Plastic Surgery y Chile. Se incluyeron aquellos con al menos un autor cirujano plástico con filiación en Chile. Se registró la participación reportada de residentes y analizaron sus autores según su período de residencia y fecha de publicación, agregándolos como residentes no reportados. Se analizó tema, año de publicación y revista. Se aplicó una encuesta a residentes de cirugía plástica y postbecados recientes para conocer la percepción sobre su participación en actividades científicas. Se comparó la participación entre residentes con y sin año de investigación mediante el test exacto de Fisher. Resultados: Predominó la temática reconstructiva (48,2%), en adultos (68,6%) y en centros universitarios (48,7%). La participación reportada de residentes fue de 8,4%, subiendo a 38,2% al ampliarla a los no explicitados como residentes. Los encuestados expusieron la falta de tiempo como principal impedimento a la publicación y participación en congresos. Discusión: La participación en actividades científicas resulta beneficiosa para residentes, sus tutores y la reputación académica de sus centros. La mayoría de los residentes cree que su participación podría haber sido mayor en caso de que se hubiesen dado más facilidades. Conclusiones: La participación de residentes de cirugía plástica se encuentra subreportada. Programas de investigación, tiempos protegidos y mayor tutorización podrían aumentar esta cifra.


Aim: Evalúate the participation of Chilean plastic surgery residents in scientific publication in the last 20 years and assess their experience during residency. Materials and Method: Literature review from 1998-2018 under the terms: Cirugia Plastica AND Plastic Surgery AND Chile. Publications with at least one plastic surgeon author with filiation reported in Chile were considered. Those with reported participation of residents were registered and their authors were also analyzed according to their period of residence and date of publication, adding them as unreported residents. Subjects, year of publication and journals were analyzed. A survey was applied to plastic surgery residents and recent plastic surgery graduates to evaluate the perception of their participation in scientific activities. Residents participation with and without a previous research fellow was compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: Reconstructive themed studies (48.2%), in adults (68.6%) and in university centers (48.7%) prevailed among the included articles. The reported participation of residents was 8.4%, which rised to 38.2% when it was extended to those not explicitly reported as residents among the authors. Residents exposed the lack of time as the main barrier to publication and congress participations. Discussion: Participation in scientific activities is beneficial for residents, their mentors and the academic reputation of their centers. The majority of residents believe that their participation could have been greater if more facilities had been given. Conclusions: Participation of plastic surgery residents in scientific publications is under reported. The implementation of research programs, protected times and active mentoring could increase this number.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Bibliometrics , Medical Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Authorship in Scientific Publications , Surgeons/education , Medical Staff, Hospital/education
20.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1152774

ABSTRACT

Este artículo es un análisis de la composición por grado y sexo del plantel docente de la Facultad de Medicina. Se espera contribuir a la discusión sobre los factores estructurales que determinan y condicionan las trayectorias docentes en la facultad. Estos factores generan y reproducen desigualdades de género, que podrían ser anuladas modificando los esquemas explícitos e implícitos que habilitan su existencia. Se relevó y procesó información (de grado y sexo) proveniente de las páginas web actualizadas de 36 servicios de la Facultad que incluyó a 887 docentes. Luego del análisis de los datos analizados en el artículo, enfatizamos que es necesario romper con los esquemas que producen y reproducen los modelos hegemónicos, dando lugar a nuevas formas de relacionamiento entre los géneros, a deconstruir el formato tradicional de la carrera docente. Es una discusión que debería involucrar a todos los órdenes universitarios y a todos los individuos que los componen, independientemente del género.


This article is an analysis of the composition by grade and sex of the teaching staff of the Faculty of Medicine. It is expected to contribute to the discussion on the structural factors that determine and condition the teaching paths in the faculty. These factors generate and reproduce gender inequalities, which could be annulled by modifying the explicit and implicit schemes that enable their existence. Information (of grade and gender) was collected and processed from the updated web pages of 36 services of the Faculty, which included 887 teachers. After analyzing the data analyzed in the article, we emphasize that it is necessary to break with the schemes that produce and reproduce the hegemonic models, giving rise to new forms of relationship between genders, to deconstruct the traditional format of the teaching career. It is a discussion that should involve all university orders and all the individuals that compose them, regardless of gender.


Este artigo é uma análise da composição por série e sexo do corpo docente da Faculdade de Medicina. Espera-se contribuir para a discussão sobre os fatores estruturais que determinam e condicionam os percursos pedagógicos na faculdade. Esses fatores geram e reproduzem as desigualdades de gênero, que poderiam ser anuladas modificando os esquemas explícitos e implícitos que possibilitam sua existência. As informações (de série e gênero) foram coletadas e processadas nas páginas atualizadas da web de 36 serviços da Faculdade, que incluíram 887 professores. Após a análise dos dados analisados ​​no artigo, destacamos que é necessário romper com os esquemas que produzem e reproduzem os modelos hegemônicos, dando origem a novas formas de relação entre os gêneros, para desconstruir o formato tradicional da carreira docente. É uma discussão que deve envolver todas as ordens universitárias e todos os indivíduos que as compõem, independentemente do gênero.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Faculty, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Uruguay , Sex Distribution
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