ABSTRACT
Los sialolitos son masas calcificadas que se encuentran dentro de los conductos salivales, siendo más frecuente su localización en el conducto de la glándula submandibular, asociado a su configuración anatómica, así como a la alta concentración de fosfatos de calcio y mucina en la saliva. Su patogenia no está bien identificada ni establecida. La sintomatología está asociada a dolores prandiales, así como inflamación de la glándula afectada y en ocasiones se presenta sintomatología de índole infecciosa. El diagnóstico es realizado mediante una palpación bimanual extraoral e intraoral de la glándula, así como el apoyo de estudios imagenológicos. El tratamiento depende de la localización y del tamaño del sialolito, con base en estos criterios se opta por una intervención conservadora o bien su remoción quirúrgica. El presente artículo describe una sialolitotomía submandibular con abordaje intraoral (AU)
Sialoliths are calcified masses found within the salivary ducts, most frequently located in the submandibular gland duct, associated with their anatomical configuration as well as the high concentration of calcium phosphates and mucin in saliva. Its pathogenesis is not well identified or established. The symptoms are associated with prandial pain, as well as inflammation of the affected gland and occasionally symptoms of an infectious nature are present. Diagnosis is made by extraoral and intraoral bimanual palpation of the glands, as well as the support of imaging studies. Treatment depends on the location and size of the sialolith. Based on these criteria, a conservative intervention or surgical removal is chosen. This paper describes a submandibular sialolithotomy with an intraoral approach (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Submandibular Gland , Salivary Gland Calculi/surgery , Signs and Symptoms , Submandibular Gland/anatomy & histology , Salivary Gland Calculi/etiology , Salivary Gland Calculi/diagnostic imaging , Clinical DiagnosisABSTRACT
Background: Bevacizumab together with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin inhibit microvascular growth of tumor blood vessels and tumor proliferation. Few reports state the effect of these therapeutic schemes on salivary glands. Materials and Methods: Food consumption, body weight and salivary amylase activity were assessed in the submandibular gland of rats. Adult male Wistar rats, of three months old with 350/400 grams body weight, under 12-hour light/dark cycles respectively, were divided into the following experimental groups: G1) Control group, G2) 5-Fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium treated group, G3) Bevacizumab treated group, G4) Oxaliplatin treated group, G5) Bevacizumab, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium treated group and G6) Drug-free paired feeding treated group. Assessment of treatment effect was performed by one-way ANOVA. A value of p<0.05 was set for statistical significance. Results: Salivary amylase activity in gland homogenate was G1: 137.9 ± 4.64, G2: 60.95±4.64, G3: 120.93 ± 4.96, G4: 26.17 ±4.64, G5: 10.77 ±4.64 and G6: 82.87 ±4.64 U/mg protein (mean ± S.D.) Amylase activity in the G1 group was higher relative to the other experimental groups p<0.0001. Conclusions: The drugs 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin altered salivary amylase activity by serous granules of the submandibular gland interpreted as a mechanism of impaired acinar function. Bevacizumab administered in isolation did not alter salivary amylase activity compared to the control group. While the lower intake of the matched feeding group affected salivary amylase activity compared to the control group, the effect was significantly greater in animals treated with the oncology drugs used in the present animal model.
Antecedentes: Bevacizumab, junto con 5-fluorouracilo y oxaliplatino, inhiben el crecimiento microvascular de los vasos sanguíneos tumorales y la proliferación tumoral. Pocos reportes establecen el efecto de estos esquemas terapéuticos sobre las glándulas salivales. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron el consumo de alimentos, el peso corporal y la actividad de amilasa salival en la glándula submandibular de ratas Wistar macho adultas, de tres meses de edad con 350/400 gramos de peso corporal, bajo ciclos de luz/oscuridad de 12 horas respectivamente, se dividieron en los siguientes grupos experimentales: G1) Grupo control, G2) Grupo tratado con 5-Fluorouracilo y Leucovorina cálcica. , G3) Grupo tratado con bevacizumab, G4) Grupo tratado con oxaliplatino, G5) Grupo tratado con bevacizumab, oxaliplatino, 5-fluorouracilo y leucovorina cálcica y G6) Grupo tratado con alimentación emparejada sin fármacos. La evaluación del efecto del tratamiento se realizó mediante ANOVA unidireccional. Se estableció un valor de p<0,05 para significación estadística. Resultado: La actividad de amilasa salival en homogeneizado de glándula fue G1: 137,9 ± 4,64, G2: 60,95 ± 4,64, G3: 120,93 ± 4,96, G4: 26,17 ± 4,64, G5: 10,77 ± 4,64 y G6: 82,87 ± 4,64 U/mg de proteína (media ± S.E.). La actividad de amilasa en el grupo G1 fue mayor en relación con los otros grupos experimentales p<0,0001. Conclusión: Los fármacos 5-fluorouracilo y oxaliplatino alteraron la actividad de la amilasa salival mediante gránulos serosos de la glándula submandibular interpretados como un mecanismo de deterioro de la función acinar. Bevacizumab administrado de forma aislada no alteró la actividad de la amilasa salival en comparación con el grupo de control. Mientras que la menor ingesta del grupo de alimentación combinada afectó la actividad de la amilasa salival en comparación con el grupo de control, el efecto fue significativamente mayor en los animales tratados con los medicamentos oncológicos utilizados en el grupo. modelo animal actual.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Submandibular Gland/drug effects , Cytostatic Agents/administration & dosage , Bevacizumab/administration & dosage , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Oxaliplatin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Os subtipos de linfomas não Hodgkin representam 2,8% de todos os novos casos de câncer no mundo, sendo o terceiro grupo mais comum de neoplasias malignas da região de cabeça e pescoço. As glândulas salivares maiores representam o terceiro sítio extranodal mais acometido pelo linfoma na região da cabeça e pescoço; entretanto, nas glândulas salivares maiores é muito raro, representando aproximadamente 1,73,1% de todas as neoplasias das glândulas salivares, acometendo a maioria dos casos as glândulas parótidas (79%), seguidas pelas glândulas submandibulares (18%) e sublinguais (1%). Os subtipos mais comuns são linfoma do tecido linfoide associado à mucosa (MALT), o linfoma folicular (FL) e o linfoma difuso de grandes células B (DLBCL), e a frequência destas neoplasias está associado com a ocorrência simultânea de condições sistêmicas que predispõem ao desenvolvimento de neoplasias linfoides como a Síndrome de Sjögren (SS). Entretanto, a literatura sobre linfomas em glândulas maiores permanece muito escassa e impede que conheçamos de forma apropriada as características destes pacientes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as manifestações clínicas e microscópicas dos linfomas em glândulas salivares maiores. Para isto, foram recuperados de forma retrospectiva dos arquivos de patologia de algumas instituições todos os casos diagnosticados como linfomas acometendo estes sítios anatômicos. Foram coletados os dados clínicos referentes ao sexo, idade, localização, apresentação clínica, tempo de evolução, status, estadiamento e ocorrência da SS, e as informações histopalógicas foram coletadas de blocos de parafina e lâminas em hematoxilina e eosina e imuno-histoquímicas acessíveis. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados de forma descritiva. As séries compreenderam de 7 casos de linfomas em glândula sublingual, 16 casos em glândula submandibular e 12 casos em glândula parótida. Clinicamente, os linfomas apresentam-se como aumento de volume assintomático, sendo os subtipos mais frequentes os de células B maduras de baixo grau (MALT, FL, MCL), mas subtipos de alto grau também foram observados (LDGCB, SOE). Dois pacientes, um de linfoma de células do manto (LCM) e outro de LDGCB,SOE em glândula sublingual apresentaram como doença disseminada, e apenas três casos de linfoma MALT em glândula parótida apresentam a SS. O tratamento dependeu do microscópico e estágio do tumor, variando de cirurgia, regimes quimioterápicos com R-CHOP e radioterapia. O prognóstico foi favorável principalmente para os casos de baixo grau (MALT,FL), e apenas dois pacientes de sublingual (LDGCB,SOE, MCL) e três de submandibular (LDGCB,SOE, linfoma plasmablastico e MALT) faleceram após o diagnóstico. Neste estudo concluímos que os linfomas em glândulas salivares maiores são afetados principalmente por neoplasias de células B maduras de baixo grau (MALT, FL, MCL) e esses pacientes devem passar por uma avaliação sistêmica criteriosa para determinar se a doença se trata de uma neoplasia primária ou disseminada.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas account for 2.8% of all new cancer cases worldwide and are the third most common group of malignant neoplasms in the head and neck region. The major salivary glands represent the third most common extranodal site affected by lymphoma in the head and neck region; however, in the major salivary glands it is very rare, representing approximately 1.7-3.1% of all salivary gland neoplasms, affecting most cases in the parotid glands (79%), followed by the submandibular glands (18%) and sublingual glands (1%). The most common subtypes are mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and the frequency of these neoplasms is associated with the simultaneous occurrence of systemic conditions that predispose to the development of lymphoid neoplasms such as Sjögren's Syndrome(SS). However, the literature on lymphomas in major glands remains very scarce and prevents us from properly understanding the characteristics of these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic manifestations of lymphomas in the major salivary glands. To this end, all cases diagnosed as lymphomas affecting these anatomical sites were retrospectively retrieved from the pathology archives of a number of institutions. Clinical data was collected on gender, age, location, clinical presentation, time of evolution, status, staging and occurrence of SS, and histopathological information was collected from paraffin blocks and slides in hematoxylin and eosin and accessible immunohistochemistry. The results obtained were evaluated descriptively. The series comprised 7 cases of lymphomas in the sublingual gland, 16 cases in the submandibular gland and 12 cases in the parotid gland. Clinically, the lymphomas presented as asymptomatic enlargement, with the most frequent subtypes being low-grade mature B-cells (MALT, FL, MCL), but high- grade subtypes were also observed (LDGCB, SOE). Two patients, one with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and the other with LDGCB,SOE in the sublingual gland presented with disseminated disease, and only three cases of MALT lymphoma in the parotid gland presented with SS. Treatment depended on the microscopic subtype and stage of the tumor, ranging from surgery to chemotherapy regimens with R-CHOP and radiotherapy. Prognosis was mainly favorable for low-grade cases (MALT,FL), and only two sublingual patients (LDGCB,SOE, MCL) and three submandibular patients (LDGCB,SOE, plasmablastic lymphoma and MALT) died after diagnosis. In this study we conclude that lymphomas in the major salivary glands are mainly affected by low- grade mature B-cell neoplasms (MALT, FL, MCL) and these patients should undergo a careful systemic evaluation to determine whether the disease is a primary or disseminated neoplasm.
Subject(s)
Parotid Gland , Salivary Glands , Sublingual Gland , Submandibular Gland , LymphomaABSTRACT
La sialoadenitis crónica esclerosante puede extenderse desde una sialoadenitis focal hasta una cirrosis completa de la glándula. Aparece entre los 40 y 70 años de edad y afecta principalmente a la glándula submandibular. Se asocia con sialolitos y agentes infecciosos inespecíficos. La causa más frecuente de sialolitiasis es la formación de cálculos macroscópicamente visibles en una glándula salival o en su conducto excretor, de los cuales el 80 % al 90 % provienen de la glándula submandibular. Esta predilección probablemente se deba a que su conducto excretor es más largo, más ancho y tiene un ángulo casi vertical contra la gravedad, contribuyendo así a la estasis salival. Además, la secreción semimucosa de la misma es más viscosa. El sitio principal de ubicación de los litos en el conducto submandibular es la región hiliar con un 57 %. La sintomatología típica de la sialolitiasis es el cólico con tumefacción de la glándula y los dolores posprandiales. Reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 55 años, quien ingresa al servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital General Balbuena de la Ciudad de México por presentar un aumento de volumen en la región submandibular izquierda de consistencia dura y dolorosa a la palpación de 15 días de evolución, acompañada de aumento de temperatura en la zona compatible con un absceso. Los estudios de imagen reportan un sialolito en la región hiliar del conducto submandibular de 2,0 x 1,7 x 1,0 cm. Debido a su localización y tamaño, el tratamiento ideal en estos casos es la escisión de la glándula junto con el lito previo drenaje del absceso e inicio de terapia antibiótica doble.
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis can range from focal sialadenitis to complete cirrhosis of the gland. It appears between 40 and 70 years of age and mainly affects the submandibular gland. It is associated with sialoliths and nonspecific infectious agents. The most common cause of sialolithiasis is the formation of macroscopically visible stones in a salivary gland or its excretory duct, of which 80 % to 90 % come from the submandibular gland. This predilection isprobably due to the fact that their excretory duct is longer, wider and has an almost vertical angle against gravity, thus contributing to salivary stasis. In addition, the semimucous secretion of it is more viscous. The main location of the stones in the submandibular duct is the hilar region with 57 %. The typical symptomatology of sialolithiasis is colic with swelling of the gland and postprandial pain. We report the case of a 55-year-old male patient, who was admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Hospital General Balbuena in Mexico City due to an increase in volumen in the left submandibular region that was hard and painful on palpation of 15 days of evolution, accompanied by increased temperature in the area compatible with an abscess. Imaging studies report a 2.0 x 1.7 x 1.0 cm sialolith in the submandibular duct hilar region. Due to its location and size, the ideal treatment in these cases is excision of the gland together with the stone previous drainage of the abscess and initiation of dual antibiotic therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sialadenitis/diagnostic imaging , Submandibular Gland/surgery , Tuberculosis, Oral/diagnostic imaging , Sialadenitis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Oral/drug therapy , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Drainage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
El desplazamiento de un tercer molar a un espacio anatómico adyacente, ya sea en su totalidad o un fragmento de este, se encuentra descrito como una complicación rara pero posible de las exodoncias de terceros molares. En este reporte se aborda específicamente el desplazamiento accidental de un tercer molar inferior hacia el espacio submandibular izquierdo, el cual fue resuelto quirúrgicamente mediante un abordaje intraoral bajo anestesia general por el equipo de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital de Urgencia Asistencia Pública, Santiago, Chile. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en la plataforma PubMed con las palabras claves "third molar - submandibular - displacement" obteniendo un total de 17 artículos en los cuales se reportan 15 casos. El propósito del presente escrito fue presentar recomendaciones sobre el manejo actual de esta complicación en base a la literatura disponible.
The displacement of a third molar into an adjacent anatomical space, either in its entirety or a fragment of it, has been described as a rare but posible complication of third molar extractions. This report will specifically address the accidental displacement of a lower third molar into the left submandibular space, which was surgically removed through an intraoral approach under general anesthesia, by the maxillofacial surgeon team of "Hospital de Urgencia Asistencia Pública", Santiago, Chile. An literature review was carried out on PubMed platform with the keywords ""third molar - submandibular - displacement"", obtaining a total of 17 articles where are reported 15 cases. The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations on the current management of this complication based on the available literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Tooth Migration , Intraoperative Complications , Molar, Third/surgery , Submandibular Gland/surgeryABSTRACT
La enfermedad de Castleman (EC) describe una serie de desórdenes linfoproliferativos de patrones histológicos similares, pero de etiologías, presentaciones clínicas y enfrentamientos notoriamente variables. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que consultó por masa cervical, cuyo estudio final concluyó EC unicéntrica, la cual se resolvió de forma quirúrgica. Además, se presenta una revisión actualizada del tema, con foco en la enfermedad unicéntrica.
Castleman's disease (CD) describes several lymphoproliferative disorders with similar histological patterns, but with notoriously variable etiologies, clinical presentations, and management. We present the case of a patient who consulted with cervical mass, whose final study concluded with unicentric CD, which was treated surgically. In addition, an updated review of the subject is presented, focusing on unicentric disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Submandibular Gland/pathology , Castleman Disease/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Castleman Disease/pathologyABSTRACT
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar la existencia de variaciones morfológicas en el tejido conectivo de la glándula submandibular de ratas obesas expuestas a glutamato monosódico (GMS). Se utilizaron 12 ratas Sprague Dawley machos recién nacidas (6 ratas para el grupo 1, control; 6 ratas para el grupo 2 (GMS), 4 mg/g de glutamato monosódico de peso (5 dosis) mantenidas por 16 semanas respectivamente con una dieta y agua ad libitum. En el estudio se realizó un análisis estereológico e histológico, demostrándose una variación en el tejido conectivo presentando una disminución del volúmen glandular, mayor fibrosis, y disminución de adipocitos a nivel periférico siendo reemplazado por tejido rico en colágeno. Los vasos sanguíneos observados a nivel estereológico no presentan mayores cambios en cuanto a volumen, superficie y área.
SUMMARY: This study aims to demonstrate the existence of morphological variations in the connective tissue of the submandibular gland of obese rats exposed to MSG. Twelve male newborn Sprague Dawley rats were used (6 rats for group 1, control; 6 rats for group 2 (MSG), 4 mg/g of monosodium glutamate of weight (5 doses) maintained for 16 weeks respectively with a diet and water ad libitum. In the study, a stereological and histological analysis was carried out, demonstrating a variation in the connective tissue, presenting a decrease in the glandular volume, greater fibrosis, and a decrease in adipocytes at the peripheral level, being replaced by tissue rich in collagen. Blood cells observed at the stereological level do not present major changes in terms of volume, surface and area, but in the histological study greater vascularization is observed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Sodium Glutamate/administration & dosage , Submandibular Gland/drug effects , Obesity , Sodium Glutamate/pharmacology , Blood Vessels/drug effects , Body Weight , Fibrosis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Connective Tissue/drug effects , Animals, NewbornABSTRACT
Se describe el caso clínico de un paciente de 56 años edad, quien acudió al Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial del Hospital Central de Maputo, capital de Mozambique, por presentar aumento de volumen debajo de la lengua, del lado derecho, lo cual le causaba dolor al ingerir alimentos. Durante la exploración clínica se corroboró el aumento de volumen en el piso de la boca, conformado por una zona amarillenta, rodeada de un halo eritematoso que dolía a la palpación. Se diagnosticó una sialolitiasis de la glándula submandibular derecha y se indicó enucleación quirúrgica con anestesia local. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente y no presentó recidivas.
The case report of a 56 years patient is described. He went to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service of Maputo Central Hospital, capital of Mozambique, due to an increase of volume under the tongue, on the right side, which caused him pain when ingesting foods. During the clinical exploration the increase of volume was corroborated in the bottom of the mouth, conformed by a yellowish area, surrounded by an erythematosus halo that hurted at palpation. A sialolithiasis of the right submandibular gland was diagnosed and a surgical enucleation with local anesthesia was indicated. The patient had a favorable clinical course and he did not present relapses.
Subject(s)
Submandibular Gland , Surgery, Oral , Salivary Gland Calculi , Mouth FloorABSTRACT
Some kinds of chronic sialadenitis were recognized during the recent years. They have specific pathogenesis, clinical and histopathologic appearances, and require specific treatment. IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is one of the immune-mediated diseases, characterized by tumefactive lesions. The incidence of IgG4-RS obviously increased during the past 30 years. The study on the potential relationship between occupational exposure to chemical substances and the incidence of IgG4-RS showed that subjects with occupational exposure to agents known to cause IgG4-RD had an increased risk for IgG4-RS. Surgical excision of involved SMG could not control the disease progression, which is not recommended for treatment of IgG4-RS. The combination of glucocorticoid and steroid-sparing agents is effective for treating IgG4-RS, and restores salivary gland function. Radioiodine induced sialadenitis (RAIS) is one of the common complications of postoperative adjuvant treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer by 131I. The incidence of the disease is related to radiation dosage. Clinically, the patients suffered from swelling and tenderness in the buccal or submandibular regions, especially during the mealtime. Imaging appearances are similar to those of chronic obstructive sialadenitis. Conservative managements, such as gland massage, sialagogues, are the mainstream methods in the treatment of RAIS. Sialendoscopy is feasible for RAIS, but not as effective as conventional obstructive sialadenitis (COS). Therefore the prevention of RAIS is crucial. Eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES) is a new type of chronic inflammatory disease of the salivary gland related to allergy. It has characteristics of swelling of multiple major salivary glands, strip-like gelatinous plugs discharged from the duct orifice of the gland, elevated level of serum IgE and eosinophils in peripheral blood, infiltration of eosinophils and IgE positive plasma cells in the tissues, allergic history, increased expression of allergy-related cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin, which suggest allergic reactions as a potential pathogenesis of the disease. The clinical, laboratory, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of ES are significantly different from conventional obstructive sialadenitis (COS). Therefore, it is suitable to separate ES from COS. Conservative managements, such as self-maintenance therapy and anti- allergic modality are the choices of treatment for ES. Based on the results of our comprehensive studies a new classification of chronic sialadenitis is suggested.
Subject(s)
Humans , Immunoglobulin G , Iodine Radioisotopes , Salivary Glands , Sialadenitis/etiology , Submandibular GlandABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of acid stimulation on salivary flow rate and compositions of human parotid and submandibular glands, so as to provide basis for comprehensive evaluation of salivary gland function in both health and disease status.@*METHODS@#In the study, 210 healthy participants' whole saliva samples were collected under passive drooling, and their parotid gland and submandibular gland secretions were collected by negative pressure suction. 2% citric acid was dropped on the tip of tongue every 1 min for acid stimulation for a total of 5 times to collect stimulated whole saliva, parotid and submandibular gland saliva. The collected saliva was weighed and saliva flow rate was calculated. The K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein, total phosphorus and α-amylase in saliva samples were detected by biochemical analyzer, and the changing features of flow rate and compositions of different kinds of saliva were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#After acid stimulation, saliva flow rate significantly increased. The increase proportion of parotid gland saliva (10.7 folds) was much higher than that of submandibular gland saliva (2.9 folds). The concentrations of Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and α-amylase in parotid gland saliva increased significantly (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in total phosphorus and K+ (P=0.89, P=0.34). The concentration of Na+ and Ca2+ in saliva of submandibular gland increased significantly(P < 0.05), the concentration of total phosphorus decreased significantly(P < 0.05), and the concentration of Cl- increased, but the difference was not significant(P=0.068). There was no significant difference in total protein, K+ and α-amylase (P=0.85, P=0.07, P=0.95). The compound secretion rate of total phosphorus in saliva of submandibular gland remained unchanged(P=0.066), while the secretion rate of K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and α-amylase significantly increased(P < 0.01). The compound secretion rate of K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and total phosphorus and α-amylase in parotid gland saliva increased(P < 0.01). The concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, total phosphorus, total protein and α-amylase in parotid were higher than those in submandibular gland (P < 0.01), and the concentration of Ca2+ in submandibular gland saliva was significantly higher than that in parotid (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The response of parotid to acid stimulation is stronger, and the secretion of submandibular gland is more stable. Acid stimulation significantly influences the concentrations of electrolytes in saliva, and the composited secretion rate is an evaluation index to reflect both flow rate and composition concentration of saliva. The parotid gland plays an important role in the secretion of total protein, total phosphorus and α-amylase in saliva, and the submandibular gland is the main source of Ca2+ in saliva.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parotid Gland , Saliva , Secretory Rate , Submandibular Gland , TongueABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Considering that the submandibular gland (SMG) of postnatal mice performs active cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation which are regulated by proto-oncogene products in cancerous cells, the expression and localization of a proto-oncogene product HER (human epidermal growth factor receptor)-2 was examined in SMG of postnatal mice. In Western blot analysis, the expression for HER-2 was high until pre-puberty, and it decreased from puberty to young adult stages with male SMG more dominant. In immunohistochemistry, the immunoreactivity was positive in acinar and ductal cells of newborn SMG with distinct localization at the intercellular apposition sites. The immunoreactivity in acinar cells progressively decreased to negligible levels by pre-pubertal stage, while it remained positive in most ductal cells throughout the postnatal time-course. The immunoreactivity in cells of terminal tubules and intercalated ducts, both of which have a high potential to produce cells, were seen at levels similar to those of more proximal ducts, while the immunoreactivity in ductal basal cells was significantly high, but the granular convoluted tubule cells were seen at negligible levels in male and at faint levels in female. In immuno-electron microscopy of excretory ducts, the immunoreactivity was dominantly localized on the basal infolding membranes as well as vesicles and vacuoles of various sizes, but rarely in Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. The immunoreactivity without association to any membranous structures were also seen, though not numerous. The relation of expression levels of HER-2 in various portions of normal SMG to those in their cancerous ones is briefly discussed.
RESUMEN: Considerando que la glándula submandibular (GSM) de ratones postnatales realiza la proliferación celular activa, apoptosis y diferenciación que están reguladas por productos protooncogénicos en células cancerosas, la expresión y localización de un producto protooncogénico HER (receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano) - 2 se examinó en GSM de estos ratones. En el análisis de Western blot, la expresión de HER-2 fue alta hasta la prepubertad, y disminuyó desde la pubertad hasta las etapas de adultos jóvenes con GSM macho más dominante. En inmunohistoquímica, la inmunorreactividad fue positiva en las células acinares y ductales de GSM de recién nacido con una localización distinta en los sitios de aposición intercelular. La inmunorreactividad en las células acinares disminuyó progresivamente a niveles insignificantes en la etapa prepuberal, mientras que permaneció positiva en la mayoría de las células ductales durante el transcurso del tiempo posnatal. La inmunorreactividad en las células de los túbulos terminales y los conductos intercalados, los cuales tienen un alto potencial para producir células, se obser- vó a niveles similares a los de los conductos más proximales, mientras que la inmunorreactividad en las células basales ductales fue significativamente alta, pero en el túbulo contorneado granular las células se observaron en niveles insignificantes en los machos y en niveles débiles en las hembras. En la microscopía inmunoelectrónica de los conductos excretores, la inmunorreactividad se localizó de manera predominante en las membranas de pliegues basales, así como en vesículas y vacuolas de varios tamaños, pero raramente en el aparato de Golgi y en las mitocondrias. También se observó la inmunorreactividad sin asociación a ninguna estructura membranosa, aunque no numerosa. Se discute brevemente la relación de los niveles de expresión de HER-2 en varias porciones de GSM normal con aquellos en sus cancerosos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Submandibular Gland/growth & development , Submandibular Gland/metabolism , Sex Characteristics , Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism , Submandibular Gland/ultrastructure , Testosterone , Immunohistochemistry , Blotting, Western , Microscopy, ImmunoelectronABSTRACT
Introdução: Os sialólitos são lesões mineralizadas nas glândulas salivares que causam obstrução total ou parcial do ducto, acometendo comumente a glândula submandibular. Sua abordagem varia de pouco invasiva à cirúrgicas, a depender do número, localização e dimensões dos cálculos. Objetivo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo relatar um caso clínico raro de sialólito no ducto da glândula parótida tratado através da remoção cirúrgica. Relato De Caso: Paciente compareceu ao ambulatório com história de dor e edema em face com 2 meses de evolução, referindo piora da sintomatologia após alimentação. Ao exame físico apresentou edema endurecido em região pré-auricular esquerda e ausência de drenagem no ducto da parótida ipsilateral. Foi realizado uma radiografia de tecidos moles com filme periapical, que revelou imagem radiopaca circunscrita sugestiva de um sialólito no ducto da glândula parótida esquerda. Assim, foi realizada excisão cirúrgica do cálculo seguida do reestabelecimento da patência ductal através da instalação de cateter venoso. Paciente evoluiu bem e segue em acompanhamento sem recidiva dos sinais e sintomas. Considerações Finais: O presente estudo revela que o diagnóstico precoce da sialolitíase e a escolha do plano de tratamento adequado estão associados a um bom prognóstico, e o reestabelecimento da patência ductal, quando danificado, é imprescindível para o sucesso do tratamento(AU)
Introduction: Sialoliths are mineralized lesions in the salivary glands that cause total or partial obstruction of the duct, commonly affecting the submandibular gland. It ranges from less invasive to surgical approach, depending on the number, location and dimension of the calculi. Objective: This study aimed to report a rare clinical case of a sialolith in the parotid gland's duct treated by surgical removal. Case Report: The patient attended the outpatient clinic with a history of pain and edema in the face with 2 months of evolution, reporting worsening symptoms after feeding. On physical examination, he had hardened edema in the left preauricular region and no drainage in the ipsilateral parotid duct. Soft tissue radiography with a periapical film was performed, which revealed a circumscribed radiopaque image suggestive of a sialolith in the left parotid gland's duct. Thus, the calculus's surgical excision was performed, followed by the reestablishment of the ductal patency through the installation of a venous catheter. The patient evolved well and is being followed up without recurrence of signs and symptoms. Final Considerations: The present study reveals that the early diagnosis of sialolithiasis and the choice of the appropriate treatment plan are associated with a good prognosis, and the reestablishment of ductal patency, when damaged, is essential for the success of the treatment(AU)
Introducción: Os sialolitos son lesiones mineralizadas en las glándulas salivales que causan obstrucción total o parcial del conducto, afectando comúnmente a la glándula submandibular. Su abordaje varía desde poco invasivo hasta quirúrgico, dependiendo del número, ubicación y dimensiones de los cálculos. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo reportar un caso clínico raro de sialolito en el conducto de la glándula parótida tratado mediante extirpación quirúrgica. Reporte de Caso: Paciente acudió a consulta externa con antecedente de dolor y edema en el rostro de 2 meses de evolución, refiriendo empeoramiento de la sintomatología tras la alimentación. A la exploración física presentaba edema endurecido en región preauricular izquierda y ausencia de drenaje en conducto parotídeo ipsilateral. Se realizó una radiografía de partes blandas con placa periapical, que reveló una imagen radiopaca circunscrita sugestiva de un sialolito en el conducto de la glándula parótida izquierda. Así, se realizó la escisión quirúrgica del cálculo seguida del restablecimiento de la permeabilidad ductal mediante la instalación de un catéter venoso. El paciente evolucionó bien y se le está dando seguimiento sin recurrencia de signos y síntomas. Consideraciones Finales: El presente estudio revela que el diagnóstico precoz de la sialolitiasis y la elección del plan de tratamiento adecuado se asocian a un buen pronóstico, y el restablecimiento de la permeabilidad ductal, en caso de daño, es fundamental para el éxito del tratamiento(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Parotid Gland/surgery , Salivary Gland Calculi , Parotid Gland , Salivary Gland Diseases , Salivary Glands , Submandibular Gland , Salivary Gland Calculi/diagnosis , Salivary Gland Calculi/therapyABSTRACT
Introdução: A sialolitíase é um distúrbio da glândula salivar que afeta 12 em cada 1.000 indivíduos adultos. É caracterizada pela deposição de minerais dentro de seu ducto ou parênquima, sendo a glândula submandibular a mais afetada. Os sialolitos têm tamanhos variados, quando maiores que 15 mm são raros e relatados como sialolitos gigantes. Sialolitos gigantes dentro do parênquima glandular ou porção proximal do ducto são geralmente tratados de forma invasiva por via extraoral com excisão da glândula associada. Relato de caso: Este estudo relata um caso incomum de um paciente diagnosticado com sialolito salivar gigante localizado na porção proximal de um ducto da glândula submandibular, assintomática, tratado por remoção cirúrgica por via intraoral, minimizando riscos potenciais e obtendo sucesso no tratamento. Considerações finais: Mesmo sialolitos localizados em regiões mais profundas do ducto submandibular, o acesso intraoral pode ser uma alternativa viável e de menor risco... (AU)
Introduction: Sialolithiasis is a disorder of the salivary gland that affects 12 out of 1,000 adult individuals. It is characterized by the deposition of minerals within its duct or parenchyma, with the submandibular gland being the most affected. Sialolites have varying sizes, when larger than 15 mm they are rare and reported as giant sialolites. Giant sialoliths within the glandular parenchyma or proximal portion of the duct are usually treated invasively by the extraoral route with excision of the associated gland. Case report: This study reports an unusual case of a patient diagnosed with giant salivary sialolith located in the proximal portion of a submandibular gland duct, asymptomatic, treated by intraoral surgical removal, minimizing potential risks and achieving treatment success. Final considerations: Even sialoliths located in deeper regions of the submandibular duct, intraoral access can be a viable and less risky alternative... (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Submandibular Gland , Submandibular Gland/surgery , Surgery, Oral , Salivary Gland Calculi , Salivary Duct Calculi , Parenchymal TissueABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of topical administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) on salivary secretion and inflammation of the submandibular glands in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice.@*METHODS@#Female NOD mice, 21 aged 14 weeks and 18 aged 21 weeks were selected and randomly divided into low-dose group, high-dose group and control group on average. CsA was injected into submandibular glands. One week later the saliva stimulated by pilocarpine was collected and measured. The submandibular glands were collected to make paraffin sections. The lymphocyte infiltration in submandi-bular gland was observed by microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The number of lymphocyte infiltration foci was counted to calculate the focus sore and the ratio of lymphocyte infiltration area to total gland area was figured up by Leica image analysis system. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, IL-17F, IL22 and IL-23a in the submandibular glands of the NOD mice were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell apoptosis in the submandibular gland was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer to evaluate liver and kidney functions.@*RESULTS@#After topical injection of CsA in the submandibular gland, the stimulated salivary flow rate of the 14- and 21-week-old NOD mice significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and the number and area of lymphocyte infiltration foci in the 14-week-old NOD mice low-dose group significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Low and high dose of CsA had similar effects on reducing inflammation and improving salivary secretion. The overall level of inflammatory cytokines in the submandibular gland did not decrease significantly. The number of cell apoptosis of submandibular gland in the NOD mice treated with CsA decreased compared with the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference. Topical injection of CsA had no adverse effect on liver and kidney function in the NOD mice.@*CONCLUSION@#Topical injection of CsA can reduce lymphocyte infiltration in submandibular gland of NOD mice and improve salivary secretion.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Cyclosporine , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Inflammation , Mice, Inbred NOD , Saliva , Sjogren's Syndrome , Submandibular GlandABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on the secretion of the paracellular pathway in rat submandibular glands (SMGs) and reveal the changes in the tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-4.@*METHODS@#A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and irradiation groups. The irradiation groups were further divided into 1, 4, and 12 weeks groups after irradiation. One-time 20 Gy irradiation was given to the SMG area on the experimental side of the irradiation group. At 1, 4, and 12 weeks after irradiation, the secretion of SMGs was measured using the Schirmer's test. The pathological changes in the gland tissues were observed under light microscopy after hematoxylin⁃eosin (HE) staining. The changes in the TJ ultrastructure were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptor, aquaporin 5 (AQP5), and claudin-4 protein.@*RESULTS@#At 1, 4, and 12 weeks after irradiation, the secretion of SMGs in the irradiation group was significantly decreased and lower than that in the control group (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The changes in the TJ structure, the upregulation of the claudin-4 expression, and the damage in the paracellular pathway were involved in the hyposecretion of SMGs after irradiation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Radiation, Ionizing , Rats, Wistar , Submandibular Gland , Tight JunctionsABSTRACT
Introdução: O sialolito é a patologia mais frequente nas glândulas salivares maiores, ocorrendo em maior prevalência na glândula submandibular. Os sinais e sintomas clínicos incluem edema e dor na região da glândula acometida pelo sialolito e em caso de obstrução do ducto, os sintomas são mais pronunciados. Existem diversas alternativas de tratamento para a sialolitíase, com indicações específicas de acordo com cada caso. Desse modo, o objetivo desse artigo é relatar a técnica cirúrgica utilizada para remover um grande sialolito localizado no parênquima de glândula salivar maior. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 49 anos, melanoderma, com queixas álgicas à palpação da região submandibular direita, há aproximadamente oito meses, apresentando discreto aumento de volume enrijecido no local. Ao exame de imagem foi observada imagem radiopaca na região, sugerindo a presença de sialollito no interior da glândula submandibular direita. Conclusão: Diversas modalidades de tratamento são descritas para sialolitíase. O tratamento conservador e/ou minimamente invasivo está indicado para cálculos de pequena dimensão ou extraglandulares e inclui a ordenha da glândula afetada. Cálculos maiores, localizados no interior da glândula, requerem tratamentos mais radicais, e na maioria das vezes, a excisão cirúrgica da glândula é o tratamento de escolha.
Introduction: Sialolith is the most frequent pathology in the major salivary glands, occurring in greater prevalence in the submandibular gland. Clinical signs and symptoms include swelling and pain in the region of the compromised gland by the sialolith and in case of duct obstruction, the symptoms are more evident. There are several treatment alternatives for sialolithiasis, with specific indications according to each case. Thus, the aim of this article is to report the surgical technique used to remove a large sialolith located in the greater salivary gland parenchyma. Case Report: Female patient, 49 years old, black, with complaints of pain on palpation of the right submandibular region, for approximately eight months, with a slight increase in the hardened volume at the site. The imaging exam showed a radiopaque image in the region, suggesting the presence of sialolith in the right submandibular gland. Conclusion: Several treatment modalities are described for sialolithiasis. Conservative and/or minimally invasive treatment is indicated for small or extraglandular calcifications and includes milking of the compromise gland. Larger stones, located inside the gland, require more radical treatments, and most of the time, surgical excision of the gland is the treatment of choice.
Subject(s)
Salivary Glands , Surgery, Oral , Pathology , Submandibular Gland , Therapeutics , Salivary Gland Calculi , Conservative TreatmentABSTRACT
Introducción: gran parte de la población sufre procesos relacionados con las glándulas salivales, que, con los avances técnicos, se tiende cada vez más a tratar de una manera mínimamente invasiva. Objetivos: remarcar las indicaciones y las diferencias entre los abordajes comunes y los mínimamente invasivos, guiados por el sialoendoscopio. Además, describir la presentación clínica y el estudio de dichos pacientes. Diseño: realizamos un estudio descriptivo, observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo sobre un grupo de 67 pacientes diagnosticados con patología obstructiva crónica no tumoral de las glándulas. Material y métodos: revisamos los datos referentes a la edad, sexo, hábitos tóxicos, enfermedades sistémicas o autoinmunes asociadas, radioterapia o tratamiento con yodo radiactivo (I131), síntomas asociados y resultados del examen físico y radiológico efectuados, así como el tratamiento efectuado. En mayo de 2019 incorporamos la técnica de sialoendoscopia al manejo de esta patología. Resultados: desde la incorporación de la sialoendoscopia, los casos de patología litiásica a nivel del tercio distal del conducto de Wharton se abordaron mediante exéresis de la litiasis sobre el suelo de la boca con ayuda del sialoendoscopio. Realizamos una sialoendoscopia diagnóstico-terapéutica en pacientes con clínica obstructiva crónica no litiásica. Discusión: el abordaje mínimamente invasivo permite una recuperación más temprana con una adecuada función glandular tras la cirugía. No solo es útil en la patología litiásica, sino que también presenta buenos resultados en patología autoinmune. Conclusión: las técnicas mínimamente invasivas han hecho que el manejo haya cambiado, limitando la realización de resecciones glandulares.
Introduction: A large part of the population suffers from processes related to the salivary glands, which with new advances in technology tends to be treated in a minimally invasive way. Goals: To highlight the indications and differences between common and minimally invasive approaches, guided by the sialoendoscope. In addition, to describe the clinical presentation and the study of these patients. Design: We carried out a descriptive, observational, longitudinal and retrospective study on a group of 67 patients diagnosed with non-tumorous chronic obstructive pathology of the glands. Material and methods: We review the data regarding age, sex, toxic habits, associated systemic or autoimmune diseases, radiotherapy or treatment with I131 (radioactive iodine), associated symptoms and results of the physical and radiological examination carried out. As well as the given treatment. In May 2019 we incorporated the sialoendoscopy to the management of this pathology. Results: Since the incorporation of sialoendoscopy, cases of lithiasic pathology at the distal 1/3 of Wharton's duct were approached by excision of the stone on the floor of the mouth using sialoendoscopy. We perform diagnostic-therapeutic sialoendoscopy in patients with non-lithiasic chronic obstructive symptoms. Discussion: The minimally invasive approach allows an earlier recovery with adequate glandular function after surgery. It is not only useful in lithiasic pathology, but it also has good results in autoimmune pathology. Conclusion: Minimally invasive techniques have changed management, limiting the neck open surgeries.
Subject(s)
Humans , Endoscopy , Submandibular Gland , LithiasisABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Percutaneous drains can be associated with several complications, including infection, fistula formation, discomfort and prolonged hospitalization. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of submandibular gland excision without the use of surgical drains. Methods: We analyzed the surgery time, postoperative complications such as bleeding, facial palsy, seroma, and repeat exploration of wounds and duration of the hospital stay. Excision of the submandibular gland via a transcervical approach was undertaken by two surgeons. Prior to wound closure, the skin flap and wound bed were approximated using hemostatic fibrin glue (Greenplast-Q PFS KIT®, GC Greencross, Youngin, Korea). Neither saline irrigation nor insertion of a percutaneous drain were included. Results: A total of 23 patients underwent submandibular gland excision. The study group consisted of 14 men (60.8%) and 9 women (39.2%) (mean age, 47.6 years; range, 24-70 years). There were two patients who had minor complications. One patient showed minor bleeding on the skin incision line immediately postoperatively, and one developed a seroma at 7 days postoperatively. There were no major surgical complications. Total duration of the surgery from skin incision to closure averaged 44.86 minutes. Mean duration of the hospital stay was 3.17 days. Patients were discharged on average at 1.17 days after surgery. Conclusion: The submandibular gland can be safely excised without the use of a surgical drain, therefore allowing early patient discharge.
Resumo Introdução: Os drenos percutâneos apresentam várias complicações associadas, inclusive infecção, formação de fístulas, desconforto e permanência hospitalar prolongada. Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança da excisão da glândula submandibular sem o uso de drenos cirúrgicos. Método: Analisamos o tempo de cirurgia, as complicações pós-operatórias tais como sangramento, paralisia facial, seroma e necessidade de reexploração de ferida operatória, e a duração da internação hospitalar. A excisão da glândula submandibular por via transcervical foi realizada por dois cirurgiões. Antes do fechamento da incisão, o retalho cutâneo e o leito da ferida operatória foram aproximados utilizando cola hemostática de fibrina (Greenplast-Q PFS KIT®, GC Greencross, Youngin, República da Coréia). Não houve irrigação salina nem uso de dreno percutâneo. Resultados: Foram submetidos 23 pacientes à excisão da glândula submandibular. O grupo de estudo consistiu em 14 homens (60,8%) e 9 mulheres (39,2%) (média de 47,6 anos; variação de 24 a 70). Dois pacientes apresentaram complicações menores. Um paciente apresentou pequeno sangramento na incisão da pele no pós-operatório imediato e um deles teve seroma aos 7 dias de pós-operatório. Não houve complicações cirúrgicas importantes. A duração total da cirurgia, desde a incisão na pele até o fechamento, foi de 44,86 minutos. A duração média da internação hospitalar foi de 3,17 dias. Os pacientes receberam alta em média 1,17 dia após a cirurgia. Conclusão: A glândula submandibular pode ser excisada com segurança sem o uso de dreno cirúrgico, permitindo que o paciente tenha alta hospitalar mais precocemente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Submandibular Gland , Submandibular Gland Diseases , Postoperative Complications , Surgical Flaps , Length of StayABSTRACT
El ratón (Mus musculus) es un buen modelo animal de experimentación, donde sus glándulas salivales han sido utilizadas en estudios, especialmente de tipo preclínico. Sin embargo, las diferencias en la morfología de estas glándulas y, en particular de las submandibulares, entre humanos y roedores no son de conocimiento común. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las características morfocuantitativos de la glándula submandibular del ratón macho C57BL/6. Se utilizaron cinco ratones macho, cepa C57BL/ 6, de 11 a 13 semanas de nacidos, con un peso promedio de 30 g. Luego de su ambientación, los ratones fueron eutanasiados. Para el análisis histológico, las glándulas fueron extraídas y fijadas en formalina tamponada por 48 horas, procesada para su inclusión en paraplast y teñidas con hematoxilina y eosina, azul alcián pH 2,5, ácido peryódico de Schiff y Picrosirius Red. Se determinaron las características estereológicas de densidad de longitud (LVcond), de volumen (VVcond) y de superficie (SVcond) de los conductos. En las células acinares se evaluó la densidad de número (NVcel) y la densidad de volumen (VVcel). Para cada variable se obtuvo la media ± desviación estándar. La glándula submandibular se encontraba organizada de manera lobulada, cuyo parénquima era de tipo túbuloacinar mixto con predominio seroso, que se conectaba a través de conductos. Las células acinares presentaban reacción positiva para azul alcián y ácido peryódico de Schiff. El estroma de la glándula contenía principalmente colágeno tipo 1. Los resultados de las mediciones estereológicas fueron: LVcond = 220,02 ± 50,51 mm/mm3; VVcond = 50,48 ± 9,55 %; SVcond = 26,39 ± 5,45 mm2/mm3; NVcel = 16,85 x 104 ± 9,13 × 104/mm3; VVcel = 24,98 ± 6,22 %. Con los análisis presentados es posible realizar investigaciones experimentales, considerando las similitudes y diferencias morfocuantitativas que presenta la glándula submandibular de ratón macho, cepa C57BL/6 con la del humano.
The mouse (Mus musculus) is a good experimental animal model, where murine salivary glands have been widely used in research by their similarities with human glands. Stereology is a tool that has to demonstrated to be valuable in biomedical researc h. Therefore, the objective was to realize an analogy between morphology, function and morpho-quantitative characteristics of the C57BL/6 mouse submandibular gland. Five male mice, C57BL/6, from 11 to 13 weeks old were used, with an average weight of 30 g. After seven days, the mice were euthanized and the samples were extracted. Then, these were processed following the conventional histological processing protocol and stained with H&E, Picrosirius Red, AA and PAS. Finally, the histological and stereological analysis of the samples was performed. In the glandular ducts the length density (LVcond), volume density (VVcond) and surface density (SVcond) were determined; whereas, in the acinar cells the density of number (NVcel) and the density of volume (VVcel) were evaluated. For each stereological variable the mean ± standard deviation was obtained. The histological study revealed no discrepancies as previously described. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed the following: LVcond = 220.02 ± 50.51 mm/mm3; VVcond = 50.48 ± 9.55 %; SVcond = 26.39 ± 5.45 mm2/mm3; NVcel = 168467.38 ± 91288.67 /mm3 and VVcel = 24.98 ± 6.22 %. From this study, it will be possible to conduct comparative experimental research analyzing quantitative results from those presented in this research. From this study, it will be possible to carry out comparative experimental research, analyzing quantitative results from those presented in this investigation.