Critical pathway for deceased donors: An analysis in three regions of Colombia / Ruta crítica de donantes fallecidos: un análisis de tres regiones en Colombia

Introduction. The critical pathway for deceased donation offers a methodical framework for guiding the donation process. It not only serves to assess performance but also to identify areas of potential improvement. Therefore, the identification and selection of potential organ donors (POD) is a key process. This study aims to describe the critical pathway for deceased donation in a cohort of POD in three regions (CRT1, CRT2, and CRT5) of Colombia. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed data of POD assessed from January 2022 to December 2022. General characteristics of POD, diagnosis, contraindication causes, and organ procurement were described. Analysis was conducted using the Chi-squared test for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables. Results. Within the cohort of 1451 assessed POD, 441 (30.3%) were diagnosed with brain death. Among potential donors after brain death, 198 (44.9%) were eligible donors (medically suitable). Of these, 157 donors (79.3%) became actual donors (undergoing operative incision for organ recovery), with 147 (93,6 %) having at least one organ recovered (actual donors with organ recovery). Ultimately, 411 utilized organs were utilized. Additionally, there were observed differences in the characteristics of donors from different regions. Conclusion. This study reports the critical pathway for deceased donation in a cohort of POD in three regions of Colombia. This provides useful information and helps to gain insight and understanding into the process of organ donation and organ procurement in order to take actions that could improve the donation rates.

Introducción. La ruta crítica de donantes fallecidos permite un enfoque sistemático para la donación de riñón, y, proporciona una herramienta para evaluar el rendimiento de áreas de mejora potencial. La selección de posibles donantes de órganos (PDO) es un proceso clave. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la ruta crítica para la donación de fallecidos en una cohorte de PDO en tres regiones de Colombia. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de PDO evaluados durante 2022. Se describieron las características generales de los PDO, el diagnóstico y las causas de contraindicación. El análisis se llevó a cabo utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas y la prueba de Mann-Whitney para las variables cuantitativas. Resultados. Entre los 1451 POD evaluados, 441 (30,3 %) fueron diagnosticados con muerte cerebral. De los posibles donantes después de la muerte cerebral, 198 (44,9 %) fueron donantes elegibles (adecuados desde el punto de vista médico). Entre ellos, 157 donantes (79,3 %) fueron donantes reales (en quienes se realizó una incisión operatoria con la intención de recuperar órganos) y 147 (93,6 %) tuvieron al menos un órgano recuperado (donantes reales con recuperación de órganos). Finalmente, se identificaron 411 órganos utilizados. Conclusión. Este estudio reporta la ruta crítica para la donación de fallecidos en una cohorte de POD en tres regiones de Colombia. Esto proporciona información útil, ayuda a obtener conocimientos y comprender el proceso de donación y obtención de órganos, para tomar medidas que puedan mejorar las tasas de donación.

Estatística geral de doação e transplantes de orgãos - Goiás - 2024 (Janeiro a março) / General statistics on organ donation and transplants - Goiás - 2024 (January to March)

Estatística geral de doação e transplantes de orgãos do estado de Goiás

General statistics on organ donation and transplants in the state of Goiás

Principais motivos de descarte de córneas para transplante na Paraíba: por que o anti-HBc merece atenção?* / Main reasons for discarding corneas for transplant in Paraíba: why does anti-HBc deserve attention?*

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos doadores de tecidos oculares humanos na área de atuação do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba, destacando o impacto da sorologia positiva para hepatite B no descarte dos tecidos para transplante. Métodos: O estudo é transversal e utilizou dados do Banco de Olhos da Paraíba entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2022. Dados sobre procedência, idade, sexo, causa do óbito, tempo entre óbito e enucleação, resultados sorológicos e motivo de descarte das córneas dos doadores foram coletados. Resultados: O maior motivo de descarte foi por sorologia positiva (56,5%), sendo positivadas as sorologias positivas para hepatite B e HBsAg em 11,1% e 4,75% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Conclusão: A sorologia positiva para hepatite B como um critério de descarte absoluto é responsável por grande parcela de descartes, apesar da pouca informação sobre suas repercussões e representação de infectividade nos receptores do transplante.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the profile of human ocular tissue donors in the area covered by the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB), highlighting the impact of positive serology for hepatitis B (anti-HBc) in the disposal of tissues for transplantation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional that uses data from the Eye Bank of Paraíba (PB) between January 2013 and December 2022. Data on origin, age, sex, cause of death, time between death and enucleation, serological results, and reason for discarded donor corneas were collected. Results: The main reason for discarding was due to positive serology (56.5%), with positive anti-HBc and HBsAg serology in 11.1% and 4.75% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Anti-HBc positive serology as an absolute disposal criterion is responsible for great part of disposals, despite little information about its repercussions and representation of infectivity in transplant recipients.

Caracteristicas epidemiológicas dos doadores de órgãos de um hospital público do sul de Brasil / Epidemiological characteristics of organ donors of a public hospital in southern Brazil / Características epidemiológicas de los donantes de órganos de un hospital público del sur de Brasil

Objetivo: determinar as características epidemiológicas dos doadores de órgãos de um hospital público do Sul do Brasil. Método: pesquisa documental, descrita e quantitativa, realizada no ano 2022 em um hospital público de um município no sul do Brasil, com dados referentes ao período de 2016 á 2021, agrupados em planilhas do Microsoft Office Excel e analisados pelo programa Epi InfoTM. Resultados: 76,47% dos doadores eram do sexo masculino, 55,88% dos doares teve Morte Encefálica por causas vasculares, 44,12% eram portadores de hipertensão arterial e houve maior doadores de rins (91,18%) e fígado (64,71%). Conclusão: o perfil dos doadores de órgãos da região estudada é caracterizado pela maioria do sexo masculino, faixa etária superior a 40 anos de idade com prevalência das comorbidades como hipertensão arterial, doenças psiquiátricas e cardiovasculares.

Objective: to determine the epidemiological characteristics of organ donors of a public hospital in southern Brazil. Method: documentary research, described and quantitative, conducted in the year 2022 in a public hospital in a municipality in southern Brazil, with data for the period from 2016 to 2021, grouped in Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheets and analyzed by the Epi InfoTM program. Results: 76.47% of donors were male, 55.88% of donors had brain death due to vascular causes, 44.12% were car-riers of arterial hypertension and there were higher donors of kidneys (91.18%) and liver (64.71%). Conclusion: the profile of organ donors in the region studied is characterized by the majority of males, aged over 40 years old with prevalence of comorbidities such as hypertension, psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases.

Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas de los donantes de órganos de un hospital público del Sur de Brasil. Mé-odo: investigación documental, descrita y cuantitativa, realizada en el año 2022 en un hospital público de un municipio en el sur de Brasil, con datos referentes al período 2016 a 2021, agrupados en hojas de cálculo de Microsoft Office Excel y analizados por el pro-grama Epi InfoTM. Resultados: 76,47% de los donantes eran de sexo masculino, 55,88% de los donantes tuvo Muerte Encefálica por causas vasculares, 44,12% eran portadores de hipertensión arterial y hubo mayor donantes de riñones (91,18%) e hígado (64,71%). Conclusión: el perfil de los donantes de órganos de la región estudiada es caracterizado por la mayoría del sexo masculino, grupo de edad superior a 40 años de edad con prevalencia de las comorbilidades como hipertensión arterial, enfermedades psiquiátricas y cardiovasculares.

Caracterização epidemiológica e causas da não doação por potenciais doadores de órgãos em morte encefálica / Epidemiological characterization and causes of non-donation by potential brain-dead organ donors / Caracterización epidemiológica y causas de la no donación de potenciales donantes de órganos en muerte cerebral

Objetivo: analisar as características epidemiológicas e causas da não efetivação do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos de potenciais doadores em morte encefálica. Método: estudo transversal, com dados secundários do ano de 2019, obtidos de formulários de notificação de morte encefálica de pacientes com idade igual e superior a 18 anos, analisados descritiva e inferencialmente, após aprovação pelo comitê de ética. Resultados: notificadas 231 mortes encefálicas, com maior incidência de pessoas do sexo masculino, idade média de 48 anos e notificações dos hospitais públicos. Em Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, observou-se maior número de notificações e o menor tempo entre a notificação e o primeiro exame clínico (RR: 4,01; IC 2,17-7,41; p<0,001). Entre os casos de não doação, 75,8% ocorreram por contraindicação médica e recusa familiar. Conclusão: houve predomínio de adultos jovens, não doadores de órgãos, cuja negativa da família deu-se pela vontade de manter o corpo íntegro.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and causes of non-completion of the organ and tissue donation process from potential brain-dead donors. Method: cross-sectional study, with secondary data from 2019, obtained from brain death notification forms of patients aged 18 years and over, analyzed descriptively and inferentially, after approval by the ethics committee. Results: 231 brain deaths were reported, with a higher incidence of males, average age of 48 years and notifications from public hospitals. In Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, Brazil, there was a greater number of notifications and a shorter time between notification and the first clinical examination (RR: 4.01; CI 2.17-7.41; p<0.001). Among cases of non-donation, 75.8% occurred due to medical contraindication and family refusal. Conclusion: there was a predominance of young adults, non-organ donors, whose family's refusal was due to the desire to keep the body intact(AU)

Objetivo: analizar las características epidemiológicas y las causas de la no finalización del proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos de potenciales donantes en muerte cerebral. Método: estudio transversal, con datos secundarios del año 2019, obtenidos de formularios de notificación de muerte encefálica de pacientes de 18 años y más, analizados de manera descriptiva e inferencial, previa aprobación del comité de ética. Resultados: Se reportaron 231 muertes encefálicas, con mayor incidencia de hombres, edad promedio de 48 años y notificaciones de los hospitales públicos. En Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, hubo mayor número de notificaciones y menor tiempo entre la notificación y el primer examen clínico (RR: 4,01; IC 2,17-7,41; p<0,001). Entre los casos de no donación, el 75,8% se produjo por contraindicación médica y negativa familiar. Conclusión: hubo predominio de adultos jóvenes, no donantes de órganos, cuya negativa familiar se debió al deseo de mantener el cuerpo íntegro(AU)

Caracterización clínica de la Nefropatía por Poliomavirus BK en pacientes trasplantados renales / Clinical characterization of Polyomavirus BK nephropathy in kidney transplanted patients

INTRODUCCIÓN. La nefropatía por poliomavirus BK resulta un problema emergente en el trasplante renal, pues contribuye a la pérdida temprana de los injertos renales. OBJETIVO. Caracterizar clínicamente a los pacientes trasplantados renales con nefropatía por poliomavirus BK. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, realizado en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín en el período 2013-2022, se obtuvo una base de datos anonimizada, 479 pacientes trasplantados renales, de estos se identificaron 37 pacientes que corresponde a un 7,7% con nefropatía por poliomavirus BK, se realizó un análisis con el programa estadístico SPSS v26®. RESULTADOS. La población estuvo caracterizada por pacientes del sexo masculino (56,8%), con una edad media de 48,2 años, el donante cadavérico fue el más frecuente (94,5%), la mayor parte del tratamiento de la nefropatía por poliomavirus BK consistió en cambio de micofenolato sódico a everolimus y se mantuvo con 50% de Tacrolimus y Prednisona (40,5%); al valorar el cambio de los valores de creatinina, los niveles más elevados fueros a los 12 meses cuando la pérdida renal fue temprana (p: 0,042), y de la misma manera a los 12 meses, fueron más elevados los niveles de creatinina cuando el diagnóstico histopatológico fue Nefropatía por Poliomavirus Clase 3 (p: 0,01). DISCUSIÓN. La prevalencia de la nefropatía se mantuvo por debajo del 10% reportado a nivel global, la creatinina empeoró en pacientes con pérdida temprana del injerto renal y con una clase patológica avanzada, hecho reportado en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN. La pérdida del injerto renal temprano presentó una creatinina más alta que la tardía. Es recomendable un tamizaje adecuado para la detección temprana del virus BK siendo crucial para prevenir el deterioro de la función renal y limitar la posterior pérdida del injerto.

INTRODUCTION: BK polyomavirus nephropathy is emerging as a significant concern in kidney transplantation, as it contributes to the early loss of renal grafts. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clinically characterize renal transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational and descriptive study was conducted at Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital during the period of 2013 to 2022. An anonymized database comprising 479 renal transplant patients was utilized. Among these, 37 patients, constituting 7.7%, were identified with BK polyomavirus nephropathy. Data analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS v26®. RESULTS: The study population was predominantly composed of male patients (56.8%) with a mean age of 48.2 years. Deceased donors accounted for the majority (94.5%) of cases. The primary approach for managing BK polyomavirus nephropathy involved transitioning from mycophenolate sodium to everolimus, alongside maintaining a regimen of 50% tacrolimus and 40.5% prednisone. When assessing changes in creatinine values, the highest levels were observed at 12 months, coinciding with early renal loss (p: 0.042). Similarly, at the 12-month mark, elevated creatinine levels were associated with a histopathological diagnosis of Polyomavirus nephropathy Class 3 (p: 0.01). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of nephropathy remained below the globally reported threshold of 10%. Creatinine levels worsened in patients experiencing early graft loss and an advanced pathological classification, aligning with established disease pathophysiology. CONCLUSION: Early renal graft loss was associated with higher creatinine levels compared to delayed loss. Adequate screening for early detection of BK virus is recommended, as it plays a crucial role in preventing renal function deterioration and limiting subsequent graft loss.

Estatística geral de doação de orgãos - Goiás - 2023 (Janeiro a julho) / General organ donation statistics - Goiás - 2023 (January to July)

Estatística geral de doação de orgãos e transplantes de orgãos - Goiás tem como objetivo transcrever em números os resultados de todo o trabalho executado pela Gerência de Transplantes em Goiás

General statistics of organ donation and organ transplants - Goiás aims to transcribe in numbers the results of all the work carried out by the Transplant Management in Goiás

Caracterização do processo de doação de órgãos em uma região do nordeste brasileiro / Caracterización del proceso de donación de órganos en una región de Brasil / Caracterization of the organ donation process in a region of northeast Brazil

Introdução: O processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos é definido por ações a fim de transformar um Potencial Doador (PD) em doador efetivo e inicia-se com o diagnóstico de morte encefálica. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico dos potenciais doadores de órgãos, como também os fatores que influenciam na doação de órgãos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, transversal, retrospectiva e analítica realizada através da coleta de dados de 455 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de Morte Encefálica, de uma Região do Nordeste brasileiro, utilizando formulário estruturado. Posteriormente realizaram-se análises descritivas e nas associações entre as variáveis independentes e dependente, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson Resultados: As faixas etárias de maior incidência foram entre 21 a 40 anos e 41 a 60 anos, com 33,8% cada, prevalecendo o sexo masculino (64,1%). Em relação à causa da morte, predominou o Trauma Cranioencefálico com 36,5%. Foram entrevistados 83,3% dos familiares e desses, 53,5% autorizaram a doação. Quanto à relação das respostas das entrevistas com os familiares e o sexo dos PD o sexo masculino se destacou com 59,01% das entrevistas positivas, quanto a entrevista e faixa etária, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Correlacionando o resultado das entrevistas familiares e a causa da morte, 40,63% destas tinham como causa o trauma cranioencefálico, e desse total, 63,63% tiveram a doação autorizada. Conclusão: A maioria dos doadores efetivos foram jovens e do sexo masculino, com prevalência do trauma craneoencefálico como causa da morte encefálica e da aceitação familiar para a doação.

Introducción: El proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos se define por las acciones encaminadas a transformar a una persona donante potencial (DP) en donante efectiva. Este proceso comienza con el diagnóstico de muerte encefálica. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil clínico y sociodemográfico de potenciales donantes de órganos, así como los factores que influyen en la donación de órganos. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, transversal, retrospectiva y analítica realizada a partir de la recopilación de datos de 455 prontuarios de pacientes con diagnóstico de muerte encefálica, en una región del Nordeste de Brasil, utilizando un formulario estructurado. Posteriormente, se realizaron análisis descriptivos y, en las asociaciones entre las variables independiente y dependiente, se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson Resultados: Los grupos de edad con mayor incidencia fueron de 21 a 40 años y de 41 a 60 años, con un 33.8 % cada uno, con predominio del sexo masculino (64.1 %). En cuanto a la causa de muerte, predominó el trauma craneoencefálico con un 36.5 %. Se entrevistó al 83.3 % de familiares y, de este grupo, el 53.5 % autorizó la donación. En cuanto a la relación entre las respuestas de las entrevistas a familiares y el sexo del TP, se destacó el sexo masculino con un 59.01 % de las entrevistas positivas; en cuanto a la entrevista y grupo de edad no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Correlacionando los resultados de las entrevistas familiares y la causa de muerte, el 40.63 % fue por trauma craneoencefálico y, de ese total, el 63.63 % tenía autorizada la donación. Conclusión: Los donantes más efectivos fueron jóvenes y varones, con predominio del traumatismo craneoencefálico como causa de muerte encefálica y aceptación familiar de la donación.

Introduction: The process of organ and tissue donation is defined by actions to transform a Potential Donor (PD) into an effective donor and begins with the diagnosis of brain death. Objective: To analyze the clinical and sociodemographic profile of potential organ donors, as well as the factors that influence organ donation. Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical research carried out in a region of Northeast Brazil by collecting data from 455 medical records of patients with brain death, who were diagnosed using a structured form. Subsequently, descriptive analyzes were carried out and for the associations between the independent and dependent variables, the Pearson's chi-square test was used. Results: The age groups with the highest incidence were between 21 to 40 years old and 41 to 60 years old, with a 33.8 % each, with a predominance of males (64.1%). Regarding the cause of death, traumatic brain injury was the most common with a 36.5% of the sample. From the 83.3% of the family members that were interviewed, 53.5% of them authorized the donation. Male potential donors constituted the 59.01% of the authorized donations (positive interviews). There was no relationship between the interview results and the age group of the PD. When correlating the results of family interviews and the cause of death, 40.63% of them were caused by traumatic brain injury and, out of this total, 63.63% had the donation authorized. Conclusion: The most effective donors were young and male whose cause of brain death was traumatic brain injury and whose families allowed the donation.

Estatística geral de doação de orgãos - Goiás - 2023 (Janeiro a abril) / General organ donation statistics - Goiás - 2023 (January to April)

Esta Estatística Geral de Doação e Transplantes de Órgãos - Goiás tem como objetivo transcrever em números os resultados de todo o trabalho executado pela Gerência de Transplantes em Goiás de janeiro a abril de 2023

This General Statistics of Organ Donation and Transplantation - Goiás aims to transcribe in numbers the results of all the work carried out by the Transplant Management in Goiás from January to April 2023

History and legal aspects of bone marrow donor banks in Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Bone marrow transplants primarily depend on people who previously registered to be donors. From then on, the search for compatibility between donor and recipient begins. OBJECTIVE: To describe the historical landmarks and the legal apparatus of bone marrow donor banks in Brazil based on an integrative review. METHODS: LILACS database and PubMed and SciELO journals were used. The term bone marrow transplantation was the descriptor. Eligibility criteria were: articles with the theme of Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) and studies carried out on the national territory. RESULTS: A total of 88,855 articles were identified, among which 185 met the eligibility criteria. After they were thoroughly read, 14 articles were selected. The studies pointed out fragments that dealt with important historical landmarks for the establishment of bone marrow transplantation as a conventional treatment for oncohematological diseases. CONCLUSION: The use of BMT has a history of more than thirty years in Brazil. However, none of the articles identified specifically addresses the historical content of bone marrow transplantation.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on graft composition and early transplant outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To assess the feasibility of using donors with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) when there are no other available donors and allo-HSCT cannot be delayed or discontinued. Methods: Seventy-one patients with malignant hematological diseases undergoing allo-HSCT between December 8, 2022, and January 10, 2023, were included. Of these, 16 received grafts from donors with mild COVID-19 (D-COVID(+) group) and 55 received grafts from donors without COVID-19 (D-COVID(-) group). The graft compositions were compared between the two groups. Engraftment, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), overall survival (OS), and relapse were also evaluated. Results: There were no serious side effects or adverse events in the D-COVID(+) group. The mononuclear cell dose and CD34(+) cell dose were comparable between the two groups, and no additional apheresis was required. There were no significant differences in the lymphocyte, monocyte, and T-cell subset doses between the two groups. The median natural killer cell dose in the D-COVID(+) group was significantly higher than that in the D-COVID(-) group (0.69×10(8)/kg vs. 0.53×10(8)/kg, P=0.031). The median follow-up time was 72 (33-104) days. All patients achieved primary engraftment. The 60-day platelet engraftment rates in the D-COVID(+) and D-COVID(-) groups were 100% and (96.4±0.2) %, respectively (P=0.568). There were no significant differences in neutrophil (P=0.309) and platelet (P=0.544) engraftment times. The cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD was (37.5±1.6) % vs. (16.4±0.3) % (P=0.062), and of grade 3-4 aGVHD was 25.0% ±1.3% vs. 9.1% ±0.2% (P=0.095) in the D-COVID(+) and D-COVID(-) groups, respectively. The probabilities of 60-day OS were 100% and 98.1% ±1.8% (P=0.522) in the D-COVID(+) and D-COVID(-) groups, respectively. There was no relapse of primary disease during the study period. Conclusion: When allo-HSCT cannot be delayed or discontinued and no other donor is available, a donor with mild COVID-19 should be considered if tolerable. Larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required to validate these results.

Efficacy analysis of anti-thymocyte globulin regimens with different timing strategies for matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To compare the effects of two administration time strategies for rabbit antihuman thymocyte immunoglobulin (rATG) of 5mg/kg total dose in matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (MSD-HSCT) . Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients who received MSD-HSCT with 5 mg/kg rATG conditioning regimen at the Department of Hematology of the First Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital from October 2020 to April 2022. The patients were classified into two groups: the 4d-rATG group (16 cases), who received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) from day -5 to day -2, and the 2d-rATG group (16 cases), who received ATG from day -5 to day -4. Between the two groups, the transplantation outcomes, serum concentrations of active antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in patients from -4 days to 28 days after graft infusion (+28 days), and the reconstitution of lymphocyte subsets on days +30, +60, and +90 were compared. Results: The cumulative incidences of acute graft-versus-host disease at 100 days after graft infusion were 25.0% (95% CI 7.8% -47.2% ) and 18.8% (95% CI 4.6% -40.2% ) (P=0.605) in the 4d-rATG group and 2d-rATG group, respectively. The 1-year cumulative incidences of chronic graft-versus-host disease were 25.9% (95% CI 8.0% -48.6% ) and 21.8% (95% CI 5.2% -45.7% ) (P=0.896). The 1-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 37.5% (95% CI 18.9% -65.1% ) and 14.6% (95% CI 3.6% -46.0% ) (P=0.135), and the 1-year probabilities of overall survival were 75.0% (95% CI 46.3% -89.8% ) and 100% (P=0.062). The total area under the curve (AUC) of serum active ATG was 36.11 UE/ml·d and 35.89 UE/ml·d in the 4d-rATG and 2d-rATG groups, respectively (P=0.984). The AUC was higher in the 4d-rATG group than that in the 2d-rATG group (20.76 UE/ml·d vs 15.95 UE/ml·d, P=0.047). Three months after graft infusion, the average absolute count of CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the 4d-rATG group was lower than that in the 2d-rATG group (623 cells/μl vs 852 cells/μl, P=0.037) . Conclusion: The efficiencies of GVHD prophylaxis in MSD-PBSCT receiving 4d-ATG regimen and the 2d-rATG regimen were found to be similar. The reconstruction of CD8(+)T lymphocytes in the 2d-rATG group was better than that in the 4d-rATG group, which is related to the lower AUC of active ATG after transplantation.

Outcomes of allograft from donor kidney microthrombi and secondary recipient thrombotic microangiopathy: should we consider loosening the belt? / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

There is currently a huge worldwide demand for donor kidneys for organ transplantation. Consequently, numerous marginal donor kidneys, such as kidneys with microthrombi, are used to save patients' lives. While some studies have shown an association between the presence of microthrombi in donor kidneys and an increased risk for delayed graft function (DGF) (McCall et al., 2003; Gao et al., 2019), other studies have demonstrated that microthrombi negatively impact the rate of DGF (Batra et al., 2016; Hansen et al., 2018), but not graft survival rate (McCall et al., 2003; Batra et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2019). In contrast, Hansen et al. (2018) concluded that fibrin thrombi were not only associated with reduced graft function six months post-transplantation but also with increased graft loss within the first year of transplantation. On the other hand, Batra et al. (2016) found no significant differences in the DGF rate or one-year graft function between recipients in diffuse and focal microthrombi groups. To date, however, the overall influence of donor kidney microthrombi and the degree of influence on prognosis remain controversial, necessitating further research.

O enfermeiro no processo de captação de coração e pulmão em um centro transplantador / La enfermera en el proceso de captura de corazón y pulmón en un centro de trasplantes / The nurse's performance in the heart and lung capture process in transplantation center

Objetivo:Descrever as atividades implementadas pelo enfermeiro no processo de captação de coração e pulmão em um centro transplantador brasileiro e sua implicação no aumento do número de transplantes realizados. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e observacional, com foco no organograma instituído sobre as atividades do enfermeiro para avaliação e o aceite do doador. Resultados:Com a formação da unidade, exclusivamente dedicada ao processo captação/transplante, houve entre os meses de agosto de 2013 e dezembro de 2021, um aumento de 138,18% na realização de transplantes cardíacos adultos, 76,54% nos transplantes pediátricos e/ou cardiopatias congênitas e 63,22% nos procedimentos de pulmão,quando comparado ao mesmo período dos anos anteriores.Conclusão: O estudo descreve pela primeira vez a importância da atuação do enfermeiro na implementação de um programa de transplantes de sucesso e como suas ações contribuíram para o aumento do número de procedimentos realizados e podem servir de modelo para outros centros.(AU)

Objective: To describe the activities performed by nurses in the heart and lung harvesting process in a Brazilian transplant center and their implication in the increase in the number of transplants performed. Methods: Descriptive and observational study, focusing on the organizational chart established on the activities of nurses for the evaluation and acceptance of the donor. Results: With the formation of the unit, exclusively dedicated to the capture/transplantation process, between August 2013 and December 2021, there was an increase of 138.18% in adult heart transplants, 76.54% in pediatric transplants and/ or congenital heart disease and 63.22% in lung procedures, when compared to the same period in previous years. Conclusion: The study describes for the first time the importance of nurses' performance in the implementation of a successful transplant program and how their actions contributed to the increase in the number of procedures performed and can serve as a model for other centers.(AU)

Objetivo: Describir las actividades realizadas por enfermeros en el proceso de extracción de corazón y pulmón en un centro de trasplante brasileño y su implicación en el aumento de trasplantes realizados. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y observacional, con foco en el organigrama establecido sobre las actividades de los enfermeros para la evaluación y aceptación del donante. Resultados: Con la formación de la unidad, dedicada exclusivamente al proceso de captación/trasplante, entre agosto de 2013 y diciembre de 2021, hubo un aumento del 138,18% en trasplantes cardíacos adultos, 76,54% en trasplantes pediátricos y/o cardiopatías congénitas y 63,22% % en procedimientos pulmonares, en comparación con años anteriores. Conclusión: El estudio describe por primera vez la importancia de la actuación de los enfermeros en la implementación de un programa de trasplante exitoso y cómo sus acciones contribuyeron para el aumento del número de procedimientos realizados y pueden servir de modelo para otros centros.(AU)

Caracterización inmunogenética de donantes cadavéricos cubanos en el año 2019 / Immunogenetic characterization of Cuban cadaveric donors in 2019

Introducción: El trasplante es la opción terapéutica más favorable para las personas con insuficiencia renal crónica. El donante puede ser cadavérico o donante vivo, emparentado o no. Los resultados del trasplante están en relación con varios factores inmunológicos y no inmunológicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar inmunogenéticamente a los donantes cadavéricos cubanos para trasplante renal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo de los donantes cadavéricos durante el año 2019. Se analizó la región de procedencia, sexo, color de la piel y rangos de edades de los donantes, así como, grupo sanguíneos ABO y Rhesus Rh; serología para VIH, Virus de hepatitis B(VHB) y Virus de hepatitis C (VHC); y hábitos tóxicos. Resultados: Se estudió un total de 95 donantes cadavéricos, 62 provenientes del occidente y 33 del centro del país. El 63,2 por ciento fueron masculinos y 36,8 por ciento femenino. El grupo de edad de mayor frecuencia fue 40 - 60 años y la edad media de 49,45 años. El 58,95 por ciento de los pacientes fueron de grupo sanguíneo O; 30,53 por ciento grupo A y los grupos B y AB tuvieron 5,26 por ciento de prevalencia; y solo 8 fueron Rh negativos. Todos tuvieron serología para VIH, VHB y VHC negativas. Las enfermedades asociadas más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones: Los donantes cadavéricos durante el año 2019 mostraron características similares a las reportadas por otros estudios. El aumento de las edades de los donantes incide en la aparición de enfermedades asociadas y esto pudiera repercutir en el resultado del trasplante(AU)

Introduction: Transplantation is the most favorable therapeutic option for people with chronic renal failure. The donor can be a cadaveric or living donor, related or not. Transplant outcomes are related to various immunological and non-immunological factors. Objective: To characterize Cuban cadaveric donors for renal transplantation Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study of cadaveric donors was carried out during the year 2019. The region of origin, sex, skin color and age ranges of the donors were analyzed, as well as ABO and Rhesus Rh blood groups; serology for HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and toxic habits. Results: A total of 95 cadaveric donors were studied, 62 from the West and 33 from the Center of the country. 63.2 percent were male and 36.8 percent female due to the most frequent age group being 40-60 years and the mean age of 49.45 years. 58.95 percent of the patients were of blood group O, 30.53 percent group A and groups B and AB had 5.26 percent prevalence; and only 8 were Rh negative. All had negative serology for HIV, HBV and HCV. The most frequent associated diseases were arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The cadaveric donors during the year 2019 showed characteristics similar to those reported by other studies. The increase in the age of the donors affects the appearance of associated diseases and this could affect the result of the transplant(AU)

Nota Técnica N. 2/2022 - SES/GERTRAN/CCM - 19813 - ações relacionadas ao transplante renal em Goiás / Technical Note N. 2/2022 - SES/GERTRAN/CCM-19813 - actions related to kidney transplantation in Goiás

A Portaria MS n.º 78, de 9 de março de 1.999, credenciou a Central Estadual de Transplantes de Goiás - CET/GO e desde então, os transplantes no Estado tem desenvolvido de forma íntegra e abrangente, inclusive no que tange outras instituições, as quais possam participar de forma direta ou indiretamente das ações relacionadas aos transplantes, no Estado. Diante disso, a presente Nota Técnica n.º 2/2022 visa orientar, organizar e publicizar o fluxo das ações relacionadas aos transplantes de rins em Goiás, de modo a atender as legislações vigentes, bem como a necessidade social e médica, em consonância com os princípios do SUS, que são norteadores desse processo

Ordinance MS n.º 78, of March 9, 1999, accredited the Goiás State Transplant Center - CET/GO and since then, transplants in the State have developed in an integral and comprehensive way, including with regard to other institutions, which can participate directly or indirectly in actions related to transplants in the State. Therefore, this Technical Note No. 2/2022 - aims to guide, organize and publicize the flow of actions related to kidney transplants in Goiás, in order to comply with current legislation, as well as the social need and medical, in line with the principles of the SUS, which guide this process

SARS-COV-2 screening in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell donors: Implications for the evaluation process and eligibility

Abstract Introduction Soon after the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, viral screening by nasopharyngeal swab became mandatory for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donor eligibility. Methods We described our monocenter experience with allogeneic HSC donors from February 1 to the October 31, 2020 to verify whether the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 screening altered the donor eligibility and/or entailed a prolongation of the evaluation process. Results A total of 21 allogeneic HSC donors were screened during the above-mentioned period upon request by the local transplant physicians or by the Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry; among the HSC donors (n = 17) who completed the eligibility process and further received the nasopharyngeal swab, all but one were negative for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. The positive donor remained asymptomatic for the whole duration of the infection, which lasted six weeks. However, he was temporarily excluded from donation. The median duration of the evaluation process was not significantly different, compared to the same period of 2019 (p-value = 0.11). Conclusion The mandatory SARS-CoV-2 screening in allogeneic HSC donors allowed for the detection of 6% positivity in this monocenter series over a 9-month period. Despite the inconvenience of this unexpected non-eligibility, the exclusion of a SARS-CoV-2 positive donor represented an important safety measure for the donor, with respect to a new and still partially unknown virus. The screening did not alter the length of the donor evaluation and thus, did not cause a delay in the eligibility process.

Epidemiology of corneal transplantation before achieving the Zero Queue / Epidemiologia do transplante de córnea antes de atingir a Fila Zero

ABSTRACT Objective: To outline the epidemiological profile of cornea donors and recipients before reaching queue zero. Methods: Epidemiological study, of quantitative approach, with transversal, analytical design, analyzing database records from the Health Secretary of the State of Ceará, from 2013 to 2015. Results: We obtained 1,558 cornea donors and 2,287 cornea recipients from 2013 to 2015. Most donors were male, capital residents, from 21 to 40 years old. Of donated eyeballs, 14.52% were disposed, due to poor condition, infiltration or positive serology. The recipients were predominantly women over 60 years old. The procedures were mostly elective, due to bullous keratopathy (28%). Regarding emergency transplants, ulcer (38.51%) and retransplant (35.14%) were most prevalent. Predominantly, transplants were funded by the Unified Health System. Conclusion: The majority of patients who were submitted to corneal transplantation are senile, especially females, therefore should be cautiously observed. On the other hand, donors are mainly male and young, reflecting the high number of tragic accidents. The surgery for bullous keratopathy is the most frequent among elective transplants, while the ulcer surgery is the main cause of emergency procedures. The fact that most surgeries were financed by the Unified Health System reflects the importance of this system.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos doadores e receptores de córnea antes de atingir a Fila Zero. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, de abordagem quantitativa, com delineamento transversal e analítico, analisando registros da base de dados da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, de 2013 a 2015. Resultados: Foram obtidos 1.558 doadores de córnea e 2.287 receptores de córnea, de 2013 a 2015. A maioria dos doadores era homem, procedente da capital, de 21 a 40 anos. Dentre os globos oculares doados, 14,52% foram descartados por má condição, infiltração ou sorologia positiva. Os receptores eram predominantemente mulheres acima de 60 anos de idade. Os procedimentos foram majoritariamente eletivos, devido à ceratopatia bolhosa (28%). Já para transplantes de emergência, a úlcera (38,51%) e o retransplante (35,14%) foram os mais prevalentes. Em geral, os transplantes foram custeados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes submetidos a transplantes de córnea foram do grupo etário senil, principalmente do sexo feminino, devendo esse grupo ser observado com cautela. Em contrapartida, os doadores eram, principalmente, homens e jovens, refletindo o alto número de pessoas que morrem devido a acidentes trágicos. A cirurgia de ceratopatia bolhosa foi a mais frequente dentre os transplantes eletivos; já a de úlcera foi a principal causa dos procedimentos de emergência. O fato de a maioria das cirurgias ter sido financiada pelo Sistema Único de Saúde reflete a importância desse sistema.

Impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre transplantes de córnea / Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on corneal transplantations

RESUMO Objetivo: Tendo em vista que o sistema visual representa uma via de contaminação para o novo Corona vírus, a The Global Alliance of Eye Bank Association (GAEBA) divulgou um guideline preconizando a prevenção de transmissão do vírus entre o doadores de tecido ocular e o pacientes receptores, o que resultou em uma diminuição no número de ceratoplastias e aumento de filas de espera para transplantes de córnea (TC) em todo o mundo. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a situação do transplante de córnea (TC) no estado de Alagoas durante o primeiro ano de pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, transversal, observacional utilizando dados provenientes de 3 fontes diferentes: Banco de Tecido Ocular Humano de Alagoas (BTO-AL), Registro Brasileiro de Transplantes (RBT) e Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resultados: Durante os últimos seis anos, foram realizados 284 TCs em Alagoas, segundo dados do Banco de Transplante de Olhos do estado (BTO), já segundo a Registro Brasileiro de Transplantes (RBT) foram realizados 451 TCs. A porcentagem de córneas não oriundas do BTO de Alagoas se mostrou crescente até 2019, porém decresceu em 2020, e no primeiro ano de pandemia , apenas 11,66% da necessidade anual estimada foi atendida, sendo o período com menor número de TCs realizados entre os seis anos analisados na pesquisa. Conclusão: O estudo demonstra o declínio na doação e realização de transplantes de córnea durante o primeiro ano da pandemia da COVID-19 em Alagoas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Considering the visual system is one source of contamination for the new coronavirus, The Global Alliance of Eye Bank Association (GAEBA) released a guideline recommending prevention of virus transmission between eye tissue donors and recipients, which resulted in a reduction of keratoplasties and increase in the waiting lists for corneal transplants worldwide. Hence, this work aims to analyze the situation of corneal transplantation in the state of Alagoas, during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is an analytical, cross-sectional, observational study using data from 3 different sources: Human Eye Tissue Bank of Alagoas (BTO-AL), Brazilian Transplant Registry (RBT) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Results: During the past six years, 284 corneal transplants were performed in Alagoas, according to data from the Eye Transplant Bank (BTO) of the state, whereas according to the Brazilian Transplant Registry (RBT) 451 corneal transplants were performed. The percentage of corneas not coming from the BTO of Alagoas increased until 2019 but dropped in 2020. In the first year of the pandemic, only 11.66% of estimated annual need was met, and this period had the lowest number of corneal transplants performed out of the six years analyzed in the research. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the decline in donation and performance of corneal transplants during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alagoas.