Salud física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de trabajadores(as) universitarios chilenos en tiempos de COVID-19 / Physical health, quality of life and psychological well-being of workers in a Chilean university community in times of COVID-19

Introducción: COVID-19 no solamente tuvo efectos en la salud física de las personas, se sumó a una serie de otras problemáticas que afectarán la salud de las personas a mediano y largo plazo. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar la percepción del nivel de actividad física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de trabajadores y trabajadoras de una comunidad universitaria chilena durante la pandemia COVID-19. Se aplicó una encuesta online durante los meses de junio y julio de 2022 a285 sujetos, 65% mujeres y 35% hombres, de estamentos, administrativo y académicos (64% y 36% respectivamente). Los resultados indican que un 58% disminuyó su actividad física durante la pandemia en el 2020 y un 51% durante el año 2021. Un 52% señala que aumentó de peso corporal durante el 2020 y un 46% durante el 2021. En relación a su bienestar psicológico, un 49% percibe que empeoró durante el año 2020 y un 36% declara lo mismo para el año 2021.Conclusiones: La pandemia por COVID-19, generó efectos negativos en la actividad física, calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico de las personas. El desafío para las instituciones de educación superior es desarrollar programas para fomentar la promoción y prevención en salud para la comunidad universitaria en un contexto postpandémico(AU)

Introduction: COVID-19 not only had effects on people's physical health, it added to a series of other problems that will affect people's health in the medium and long term. The objective was to identify the perception of the level of physical activity, quality of life and psychological wellbeing of workers in a Chilean university community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was developed under a quantitative paradigm, it was descriptive cross-sectional. An online survey was applied during the months of June and July 2022 to 285 subjects, 65% women and 35% men, from estates, administrative and academic (64% and 36% respectively). The results indicate that 58% decreased their physical activity during the pandemic in 2020 and 51% during 2021. 52% say they increased body weight during 2020 and 46% during 2021. In relation to their psychological well-being, 49% perceive that it worsened during the year 2020, and 36% declare the same for the year 2021.Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic generated negative effects on people's physical activity, quality of life and psychological well-being. The challenge for higher education institutions is to develop programs to foster health promotion and prevention for the university community in a post-pandemic context(AU)

Avaliação do consumo alimentar e estado nutricional de crianças menores de dois anos de uma comunidade quilombola / Assessment of food consumption and nutritional status of children under two years of age in a quilombola community / Evaluación del consumo de alimentos y del estado nutricional de niños menores de dos años en una comunidad quilombola

A Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional é uma das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição, sendo considerada essencial para a atenção nutrição e monitoramento do estado nutricional e das práticas de consumo alimentar, possibilitando o reconhecimento de alimentos ou comportamentos que se relacionam à alimentação saudável e não saudável para fornecer subsídios para o planejamento e organização do cuidado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de crianças de 0 a 23 meses que residem na Comunidade Quilombola de Córrego dos Iús-CE. O percurso metodológico trata-se de um estudo do tipo pesquisa- intervenção, que consistiu em uma tendência das pesquisas participativas que busca compreender a vida de coletividades na sua diversidade qualitativa. Identificamos 11 crianças, menores de dois anos na comunidade. Devido às perdas, às recusas ou à ausência do responsável no domicílio, a amostra estudada foi composta por 9 participantes. A partir da avaliação antropométrica, verificamos os agravos nutricionais mais importantes foram o peso elevado para idade (44.4%), risco de sobrepeso para estatura e obesidade para estatura apresentaram respectivamente (11.1%), sobrepeso para IMC por idade (11.1%). Os achados sugerem que a população estudada esteja passando por uma transição nutricional. Nossa pesquisa nos permitiu perceber que as crianças pertencem as famílias de baixo poder econômico. É necessário a consolidação de políticas públicas para melhorar a saúde da comunidade estudada.

Food and Nutrition Surveillance is one of the guidelines of the National Food and Nutrition Policy, and is considered essential for nutritional care and monitoring of nutritional status and food consumption practices, enabling the recognition of foods or behaviors that are related to healthy eating and unhealthy to provide subsidies for the planning and organization of care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the food consumption and nutritional status of children aged 0 to 23 months living in the Quilombola Community of Córrego dos Iús-CE. The methodological course is a research- intervention type study, which consisted of a trend of participatory research that seeks to understand the life of collectivities in its qualitative diversity. We identified 11 children under two years of age in the community. Due to losses, refusals or the absence of the responsible person at home, the studied sample consisted of 9 participants. From the anthropometric assessment, we verified the most important nutritional problems were high weight for age (44.4%), risk of overweight for height and obesity for height presented respectively (11.1%), overweight for BMI for age (11.1%). The findings suggest that the studied population is going through a nutritional transition. Our research allowed us to realize that children belong to families with low economic power. It is necessary to consolidate public policies to improve the health of the studied community. KEYWORDS: Health Education; Nutritional Status; Group with Ancestors from the African Continent; Public health.

La Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional es una de las directrices de la Política Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición, y se considera esencial para la atención nutricional y el seguimiento del estado nutricional y las prácticas de consumo de alimentos, lo que permite el reconocimiento de los alimentos o comportamientos que están relacionados con la alimentación saludable y no saludable para proporcionar subsidios para la planificación y organización de la atención. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el consumo de alimentos y el estado nutricional de los niños de 0 a 23 meses que viven en la Comunidad Quilombola de Córrego dos Iús-CE. El curso metodológico es un estudio de tipo investigación-intervención, que consistió en una tendencia de investigación participativa que busca comprender la vida de las colectividades en su diversidad cualitativa. Identificamos 11 niños menores de dos años en la comunidad. Debido a pérdidas, negativas o ausencia del responsable en el domicilio, la muestra estudiada quedó constituida por 9 participantes. A partir de la evaluación antropométrica, verificamos que los problemas nutricionales más importantes fueron peso elevado para la edad (44,4%), riesgo de sobrepeso para la estatura y obesidad para la estatura presentados respectivamente (11,1%), sobrepeso para el IMC para la edad (11,1%). Los hallazgos sugieren que la población estudiada está pasando por una transición nutricional. Nuestra investigación nos permitió constatar que los niños pertenecen a familias de bajo poder económico. Es necesario consolidar políticas públicas para mejorar la salud de la comunidad estudiada.

Efeito da sinvastatina e do propranolol no desenvolvimento da lesão periapical de ratos submetidos ao estresse / Effect of Simvastatin and Propranolol on the development of periapical lesions in rats subjected to stress

Uma vez que o estresse crônico pode estimular o sistema nervoso simpático, diminuindo a resposta imune, favorecendo a perda óssea frente a um processo inflamatório, os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) Avaliar os efeitos de modelos de indução de estresse no desenvolvimento da periodontite apical (P.a) e avaliar o nível de estresse gerado pelos mesmos; 2) A partir do melhor protocolo de estresse obtido foi avaliado o perfil inflamatório da PA induzida em animais sob condições de estresse, utilizando sistemicamente a Sinvastatina, Propranolol e a Sinvastatina associada ao propranolol. Na primeira parte foram utilizados 32 ratos Wistar (N=8) divididos aleatoriamente em: SE: sem estresse, sem periodontite apical (P.a); SE+P.a: sem estresse, com P.A; EP+P.a: Estresse previsível + P.a; EI+P.a: estresse imprevisível + P.a. Os animais foram submetidos ao estresse crônico por 42 dias sendo que no dia 21 foi induzida a P.a. Para comprovação do estresse foram utilizadas análises de peso e comportamentais de campo aberto (CA) e labirinto em y (Y). Foram realizadas análises micro tomográfica e histológica para avaliar o efeito de ambas as metodologias sobre a progressão da P.a. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente. Observou-se que não houve diferença no ganho de peso entre os animais SE e SE+P.a. Em relação aos grupos estressados o grupo estresse imprevisível apresentou menor ganho de peso quando comparado ao grupo sem estresse. Nos testes comportamentais, Y e CA observou-se um mesmo padrão de comportamento nos animais do grupo SE e SE+P.a (p>0.05). Verificou-se diferenças entre os grupos SE+P.a e EI +P.a no volume da lesão periapical, mas não houve diferença entre os protocolos de estresse. A Análise histológica mostrou maior área de P.a nos animais do grupo EI+P.a o que também foi observado pela análise microtomográfica. Na segunda etapa foram utilizados 48 animais divididos em 5 grupos (N=8): SE+P.a: sem estresse e com P.a; E+SS: Estresse + Periodontite Apical + soro; E+SN: Estresse + Periodontite Apical + Sinvastatina; E+P: Estresse + Periodontite Apical + Propranolol e S+SN+P: Estresse + Periodontite Apical + Sinvastatina + Propranolol. O protocolo de estresse utilizado foi o estresse crônico imprevisível por 42 dias. Realizou-se análises de peso e comportamentais de labirinto em y e campo aberto. Após a eutanásia foram realizadas as análises microtomográfica e a análise histológica e histomorfométrica. Os valores obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente.Observouse que todos os grupos medicados apresentaram ganho de peso maior do que o grupo solução salina. No grupo Sinvastatina e no grupo Propranolol, os animais apresentaram maior atividade locomotora do que no grupo Solução salina. O volume da P.a foi significativamente menor nos grupos Sinvastatina e Propranolol quando comparado ao grupo solução salina. Na análise histológica observou-se que a área da lesão foi significativamente menor nos animais do grupo Sinvastatina quando comparado ao da solução salina, bem como menor intensidade e extensão do infiltrado inflamatório. Concluindo-se que o estresse crônico imprevisível aumenta a perda óssea periapical em animais com PA induzida. Além disso, concluiu-se que tanto a Sinvastatina quanto o Propranolol reduze o estresse crônico, reduzindo a perda óssea nestes animias (AU)

Since chronic stress can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, decreasing the immune response, favoring bone loss in the face of an inflammatory process, the objectives of this study were: 1) To evaluate the effects of stress induction models on the development of apical periodontitis (P.a) and assess the level of stress generated by them; 2) Based on the best stress protocol obtained, the inflammatory profile of BP induced in animals under stress conditions was evaluated, systemically using Simvastatin, Propranolol and Simvastatin associated with propranolol. In the first part, 32 Wistar rats (N=8) were randomly divided into: SE: without stress, without apical periodontitis (P.a); SE+P.a: without stress, with P.A; EP+P.a: Predictable stress + P.a; EI+P.a: unpredictable stress + P.a. The animals were subjected to chronic stress for 42 days, and on the 21st, P.a. To prove the stress, weight and behavioral analyzes of open field (CA) and maze in y (Y) were used. Micro tomographic and histological analyzes were performed to evaluate the effect of both methodologies on the progression of P.a. Data were statistically evaluated. It was observed that there was no difference in weight gain between SE and SE+P.a animals. In relation to the stressed groups, the unpredictable stress group showed less weight gain when compared to the non-stress group. In the behavioral tests, Y and CA, the same pattern of behavior was observed in animals from the SE and SE+P.a groups (p>0.05). There were differences between groups SE+P.a and EI +P.a in the volume of the periapical lesion, but there was no difference between the stress protocols. The histological analysis showed a greater area of P.a in the animals from the EI+P.a group, which was also observed by the microtomographic analysis. In the second stage, 48 animals were divided into 5 groups (N=8): SE+P.a: without stress and with P.a; E+SS: Stress + Apical Periodontitis + serum; E+SN: Stress + Apical Periodontitis + Simvastatin; E+P: Stress + Apical Periodontitis + Propranolol and S+SN+P: Stress + Apical Periodontitis + Simvastatin + Propranolol. The stress protocol used was unpredictable chronic stress for 42 days. Weight and behavioral analyzes of y-maze and open field were performed. After euthanasia, microtomographic analysis and histological and histomorphometric analysis were performed. The values obtained were statistically analyzed. It was observed that all medicated groups had greater weight gain than the saline group. In the Simvastatin group and in the Propranolol group, the animals showed greater locomotor activity than in the Saline group. The BP volume was significantly lower in the Simvastatin and Propranolol groups when compared to the saline group. In the histological analysis, it was observed that the area of the lesion was significantly smaller in the animals of the Simvastatin group when compared to the saline solution, as well as lower intensity and extension of the inflammatory infiltrate. Concluding that unpredictable chronic stress increases periapical bone loss in animals with induced AP. In addition, it was concluded that both Simvastatin and Propranolol reduce chronic stress, reducing bone loss in these animals. (AU)

Association between rapid weight gain and overweight in children aged 0 to 5 years in Latin America / Associação entre ganho rápido de peso e excesso de peso em crianças de 0 a 5 anos de idade na América Latina

Abstract Objectives: to assess the prevalence of rapid weight gain (RWG) in children born with normal weight and its association with overweight (OW) in four Latin America countries. Methods: cross-sectional study in children aged 0 to 5 from the Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher in Brazil and the Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru,using a birth weight ≥2,500g. The outcome variable was OW, the exposure was RWG and breastfeeding (BF) was the adjustment variable. Prevalence, odds ratio and 95% confidence intervalwere estimated using multivariate logistic regression model. Results: there was a greater prevalence of RWG and BF at less than 6 months in Brazil, and a greater prevalence of OW in Brazil and Bolivia. The chances of OW when RWG was present and adjusted for BF were 6.1 times (CI95% = 3.8-9.7) in Brazil, 4.4 times (CI95% = 3.6-5.3) in Bolivia, 6.7 times (CI95% = 5.5-8.2) in Colombia, and 12.2 times in Peru (CI95% = 9.4-15.7) with a p < 0.001 for all countries. Conclusions: RWG in children with normal birth weight was associated with a greater chance of being OW in the four observed Latin America countries.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência do ganho rápido de peso (GRP) em crianças nascidas com peso normal e sua associação com o excesso de peso (EP) em quatro países da América Latina. Métodos: estudo transversal de inquéritos populacionais com crianças de 0 a 5 anos da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher no Brasil e da Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud da Bolívia, Colômbia e Peru, selecionadas pelo peso ao nascer ≥2.500 gramas. A variável desfecho foi o EP; de exposição o GRP; e de ajuste a amamentação. Foram estimadas as prevalências, odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95% por regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: observou-se maior prevalência de GRP e tempo de amamentação menor do que 6 meses no Brasil e maior prevalência de EP no Brasil e Bolívia. As chances de EP quando GRP presente e ajustado por amamentação foram de 6,1 vezes (IC95% = 3,8-9,7) no Brasil; 4,4 vezes (IC95% = 3,6-5,3) na Bolívia; 6,7 vezes (IC95% = 5,5-8,2) na Colômbia; 12,2 vezes no Peru (IC95% = 9,4-15,7) e p<0,001 nos quatro países. Conclusões: o GRP em crianças nascidas com peso normal foi associado a maior chance de EP infantil nos quatro países da América Latina.

Effect of replacing fish meal in fish diet with shrimp by-product meal on growth performance, feed utilization, length-weight relationship and condition factors of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) / Efecto de reemplazar la harina de pescado en la dieta de pescado por harina de subproducto de camarón sobre el rendimiento del crecimiento, la utilización del alimento, la relación longitud-peso y los factores de condición de la tilapia del Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

SUMMARY: The present work aimed to study the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) in the fish diet with shrimp by-product meal (SBM) on the growth performance parameters of the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 200 specimens of monosex O. niloticus fries were obtained from a private fish farm at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. They were transported to the fish laboratory at the Animal House of Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University. After two weeks for acclimation, the fish were divided into 5 groups, 2 replicates for each group (20 fish in each replicate). The five experimental diets were: C: control group with20 % fish meal (FM) and 0 % shrimp by-product meal (SM); T1, T2, T3, and T4 FM was replaced with SBM as 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %, respectively. Results indicated that the highest final length, growth in length, length gain, daily length gain and other growth performance parameters including the relationship between length and weight and condition factors of O. niloticus were recorded in T4 group (fed diet in which fish meal was completely replaced with shrimp by-product meal); while, their lowest values were recorded in control group. On the other hand, feed utilization parameters (feed intake, food conversion ratio, the maximum values of feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio) were recorded in T4 group and the minimum values were recorded in T3 group (fed diet in which 75 % of fish meal was replaced with shrimp by-product meal).

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar el efecto de sustituir la harina de pescado (HP) en la dieta del pescado por harina de subproductos de camarón (HSC) sobre los parámetros de rendimiento de crecimiento de la Tilapia del Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus. Se obtuvieron un total de 200 especímenes de monosexo de O. niloticus de una piscifactoría privada en la gobernación de Kafr El-Sheikh. Fueron transportados al laboratorio de peces en el Departamento de Zoología de la Facultad de Ciencias, de la Universidad Al-Azhar. Después de dos semanas de aclimatación, los peces se dividieron en 5 grupos: Se realizaron dos repeticiones para cada grupo (20 peces en cada repetición). Las cinco dietas experimentales fueron: C: grupo control con 20 % de harina de pescado (HP) y 0 % de harina de subproductos de camarón (HSC); T1, T2, T3 y T4 FM se reemplazó con HSC con 25 %, 50 %, 75 % y 100 %, respectivamente. Los resultados indicaron que la longitud final más alta, el crecimiento en longitud, la ganancia de longitud, la ganancia de longitud diaria y otros parámetros de rendimiento del crecimiento, como además la relación entre la longitud y el peso, y los factores de condición de O. niloticus, se registraron en el grupo T4 (con una dieta reemplazada con harina de subproducto de camarón); mientras que, sus valores más bajos se registraron en el grupo control. Por otro lado, los parámetros de utilización del alimento (ingesta de alimento, índice de conversión de alimento, los valores máximos de índice de eficiencia alimenticia e índice de eficiencia proteica) se registraron en el grupo T4 y los valores mínimos se registraron en el grupo T3 (alimentación con dieta en la que el 75 % de la harina de pescado fue reemplazada por harina de subproductos de camarón).

Relationship between the number of prenatal care visits and the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the number of prenatal care visits and the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes in an average city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: This was a prospective and observational study. The variables analyzed were obtained through a questionnaire administered to postpartum women (between 1 and 48 h postpartum) and information contained in prenatal cards. The pregnant women were classified into three groups: Group I, <3 prenatal care visits; Group II, 3-5 prenatal care visits; and Group III, ≥6 prenatal care visits. RESULTS: Group I had a lower median weight (57.0 vs. 64.0 kg, p<0.001), body mass index (22.1 vs. 24.3 kg/m2, p<0.001), and weight gain (9.0 vs. 12 kg, p=0.002) than Group III. The prevalence of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (11.6 vs. 4.2%, p=0.02) and the newborn mortality rate within the first 72 h of life (2.3 vs. 0%, p<0.001) were higher in Group I than in Group III. Group II had a higher prevalence of admission to the adult intensive care unit (5.7 vs. 0.6%, p<0.001) and a higher newborn mortality rate within the first 72 h of life (1.6% vs. 0%, p<0.001) than Group III. CONCLUSIONS: Having ≥6 prenatal care visits was associated with lower rates of admission to the neonatal and adult intensive care unit, as well as a lower newborn mortality rate within the first 72 h of life.

Age at childbirth and change in BMI across the life-course: evidence from the INCAP Longitudinal Study

Background: Parity has been associated with both short- and long-term weight gain in women. However, it is not clear if timing of parity across the reproductive age has different associations with BMI. Methods: To prospectively assess the association between age at childbirth and maternal change in BMI, we analyzed data from the ongoing INCAP Longitudinal Study, which started in 1969 in four villages in Guatemala. Cohort women (n=778) provided information on reproductive history and anthropometric measures were measured in 1988-89 (adolescence, 15 to 25y), 2002-04 (early adulthood, 26 to 36y) and 2015-17 (mid adulthood, 37 to 55y). We evaluated the associations of number of live births in the period preceding each study wave (1969-77 to 1988-89, 1988-89 to 2002-04 and 2002-04 to 2015-17) with BMI change in the same period using multivariable linear regression models. Results: Number of live births between 1988 and 89 and 2002-04 was positively associated with increased BMI, while there was not an association between number of live births and BMI in the other intervals. Women who had one, two, or three or more children between 1988 and 89 and 2002-04 had 0.90 (kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.55, 2.35), 2.39 (kg/m2, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.70) and 2.54 (kg/m2, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.82) higher BMI, respectively, than women who did not give birth in the same period. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that women who had three or more children during early adulthood gained more weight compared to women who had no children in the same period. In contrast, women who had children earlier or later in their reproductive lives did not gain additional weight compared to those who did not have children during that period. Childbirth may have different

Performance, meat quality, and lipidemia of meat-type quails fed with diets containing essential oils / Desempenho, qualidade da carne e lipidemia de codornas de corte alimentadas com rações contendo óleos essenciais

This study evaluated the effect of essential oil (ESOL) of Mentha piperita and Melaleuca alternifolia on meat-type quails. To examine performance, a completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and eight repetitions each, using seven birds per repetition. To assess lipidemia, a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme was used, with four treatments and two collection conditions using eight repetitions and one bird per repetition. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, cholesterol, high-density lipoporteins, triglycerides, pH, and brightness of quail breast meat were assessed. The data were analyzed for homoscedasticity and normality, and the means were subjected to analysis of variance. Adding M. piperita and M. alternifolia ESOL to the diets of meat-type quails can improve performance, carcass yield, and meat quality characteristics, comparable to the use of performance-enhancing antibiotics. The use of zinc bacitracin, M. piperita, and M. alternifolia under different collection conditions did not increase the serum levels of low-density and very low-density lipoproteins. The variation coefficients measured after 12 hours of fasting were 86% lower than without fasting.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito do uso dos óleos essenciais (OLES) de Mentha piperita e Melaleuca alternifolia em codornas de corte. Para o estudo do desempenho foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatrotratamentos e oito repetições, sendo sete aves por repetição. Para o estudo da lipidemia utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial: 4x2, consistindo em quatro tratamentos e duas condições de coleta, com oito repetições, sendo uma ave por repetição. As variáveis analisadas foram: ganho de peso, consumo ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça, colesterol, HDL, triglicerídeos, pH, capacidade de retenção de água, perda de peso por cozimento, luminosidade na carne do peito de codornas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados quanto à homocedasticidade e normalidade, as médias foram submetidas à análise de variância. O uso de OLES de M. piperita e M. alternifolia na dieta de codornas de corte pode proporcionar desempenhos zootécnicos, rendimentos de carcaça e características de qualidade da carne comparáveis ao uso de antibióticos melhoradores de desempenho. A redução no nível de colesterol HDL foi notada nas aves tratadas com Bacitracina de zinco e com os OLES de M. piperita e M. alternifolia, em 8,12; 16,52 e 3,36% respectivamente. O uso da Bacitracina de zinco, da M. piperita e da M. alternifolia associado às diferentes condições de coleta não aumentaram os valores séricos de LDL, VLDL. Os coeficientes de variação aferidos na condição "após 12 horas de jejum" apresentaram-se 86% inferiores à condição "sem jejum".

Effects of gestational weight on the association between serum high sensitivity C reaction protein and gestational diabetes mellitus among twin gestations: A cohort study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association between serum high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hsCRP) in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among twin pregnant women, and to explore the effects of the pre-pregnant body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) status on such association.@*METHODS@#Twin pregnant women with pre-pregnant BMI greater than or equal to 18.5 kg/m2 were recruited at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital from March 2017 to December 2020. Serum samples collected in early pregnancy were analyzed for hsCRP using particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric method. In the following visits, the information about GWG and GDM were prospectively collected in every trimester. The association effect between hsCRP tertiles and GDM were estimated using Logistic regression, and further converted into risk ratio (RR). Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and mediation analysis were used to explore the effects of BMI and GWG status on the association.@*RESULTS@#Among the included 570 twin pregnant women, 31.6% deve-loped GDM, 26.1% were pre-pregnant overweight or obesity, and 49.5% with GWG out of referenced range. After adjustment for confounding factors, risk of developing GDM in twin gestations with the middle tertile and highest tertile of serum hsCRP in early pregnancy were 1.42 fold (95%CI: 1.02-1.89) and 1.54 fold (95%CI: 1.12-2.02), respectively, compared with the lowest tertile of serum hsCRP, and there existed significantly linear trend (P=0.022). Findings from mediation analysis illustrated that pre-pregnant BMI had partial mediating effect on the association, and BMI accounted for 23.84% (P < 0.001) of the increasing GDM risks with elevated hsCRP. Joint analysis with hsCRP and GWG found that those who were with GWG out of referenced range accompanied with the higher hsCRP tertiles (>1.21 mg/L) had significantly 2.31 fold increased risk according to those who were with GWG in the referenced range accompanied with the lowest hsCRP tertile (≤1.21 mg/L, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Elevated hsCRP in early pregnancy significantly increased GDM risk among twin pregnant women. The hsCRP-GDM association was dependent on GWG status, and pre-pregnant BMI had partial mediating effect on such association. It is suggested that twin pregnant women should consider systemic inflammation and gestational weight at the same time to reduce GDM risk.

Physical education teachers of the basic public education of Minas Gerais in the pandemic of Covid-19: working conditions, health and lifestyle / Professores de educação física da educação pública básica de Minas Gerais na pandemia da Covid-19: condições de trabalho, saúde e estilo de vida

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the working and health conditions of physical education teachers in public basic education in the state of Minas Gerais - Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional study, carried out from August to September 2020, via digital form and had the support of the Minas Gerais State Department of Education. The instrument presented variables related to the sociodemographic profile, work and health conditions during the pandemic. The prevalences of the variables were presented. 1,016 physical education teachers participated in the study. Of these, 61.4% were female, 65.8% aged 21 to 40 years and 15.3% worked in the countryside. In relation to working conditions during the pandemic, 99% performed remote activities, 35.7% were dissatisfied with their work, 37% worked much more than they used to and 81.2% presented the interest of students/parents in classes as a difficulty. As for health conditions during the pandemic, 10.3% increased their consumption of alcoholic beverages, 26.1% did not practice physical exercise, 56.5% had increased body weight and 37.8% reported a lot of fear of COVID-19. Physical education teachers of basic education in the state of Minas Gerais were significantly affected by the pandemic, so it is important to implement support strategies.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou descrever as condições de trabalho e saúde dos professores de educação física da educação básica pública do estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Estudo transversal, realizado de agosto a setembro de 2020, via formulário digital e contou com o apoio da Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Minas Gerais. O instrumento apresentou variáveis referentes ao perfil sociodemográfico, condições de trabalho e saúde durante a pandemia. Foram apresentadas as prevalências das variáveis. Participaram do estudo 1.016 professores de educação física. Destes, 61,4% eram mulheres, 65,8% com idade de 21 a 40 anos e 15,3% trabalhavam na zona rural. Em relação às condições de trabalho durante a pandemia, 99% realizaram atividades remotas, 35,7% estavam insatisfeitos com o trabalho, 37% trabalharam muito mais que costumavam e 81,2% apresentaram como dificuldade o interesse dos alunos/pais pelas aulas. Quanto às condições de saúde durante a pandemia, 10,3% aumentaram o consumo de bebidas alcóolicas, 26,1% não praticaram exercício físico, 56,5% tiveram aumento de peso corporal e 37,8% relataram muito medo da COVID-19. Os professores de educação física da educação básica do estado de Minas Gerais foram significativamente afetados pela pandemia, portanto é importante implementação de estratégias de apoio.

Determinantes do ganho rápido de peso e a sua influência no estado nutricional infantil / Determinants of rapid weight gain and its influence on child nutritional status

A ocorrência do ganho rápido de peso infantil (GRP) pode estar associado a desfechos de peso ao longo do ciclo de vida. Os fatores de risco para o GRP incluem preditores maternos, gestacionais, infantis e contextuais e reforça-se a importância de avaliar também a hipótese sobre a possível associação com polimorfismos genéticos. Objetivo: Testar a associação entre ganho rápido de peso na infância, polimorfismos genéticos e estado nutricional de crianças. Metodologia (Manuscrito 1): Estudo transversal com bases de dados de inquéritos populacionais em crianças com peso ao nascer adequado no Brasil, Bolívia, Colômbia e Peru para estimar a associação entre GRP e excesso de peso em crianças de 0 a 5 anos. Foram estimadas as prevalências, odds ratio e IC95% por regressão logística multivariada. Metodologia (Manuscrito 2): Estudo de coorte com crianças do PROLAC no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, do nascimento aos seis meses. Foi obtido material biológico por swab bucal para análises genéticas de polimorfismos dos genes FTO, MC4R e APOA5. Considerouse GRP quando a diferença (subtração) de escore-z de peso para idade (P/I) era >+0,67 entre duas avaliações. Na análise exploratória das curvas da taxa de incidência acumulada de GRP utilizou-se o estimador de Kaplan-Meier (failure), bem como o teste Log-Rank para realizar as comparações entre os grupos de interesse. Para estimar a razão de riscos utilizou-se o modelo semi-paramétrico de Cox e para verificar a qualidade do ajuste do modelo proposto foram utilizados os resíduos generalizados de Cox-Snell. Metodologia (Manuscrito 3): Estudo de coorte com 267 crianças. As crianças tinham que ter ao menos 3 avaliações antropométricas, ou seja, ao nascer, entre o nascimento e seis meses de vida e entre 4 e 7 anos de idade, e foram divididas em grupo de acordo com a presença ou ausência do GRP, diagnosticado se a diferença de escore-z de P/I peso para idade foi > +0,67 entre duas avaliações. Para analisar a trajetória da média de IMC infantil foi utilizada a função Longitudinal Analyses Data Plots, para comparação entre as médias de IMC dos grupos em cada tempo foi aplicado uma ANOVA de dois fatores e para as comparações múltiplas foi utilizado o teste Bonferroni. Resultados (Manuscrito 1): As chances de excesso de peso em crianças com GRP, ajustado por amamentação, foram de 6,1 vezes, 4,4 vezes, 6,7 vezes e 12,2 vezes quando comparado às crianças sem GRP no Brasil, Bolívia, Colômbia e Peru, respectivamente. Resultados 13 (Manuscrito 2): A porcentagem de crianças com GRP foi 31,84% ao longo do estudo e a taxa de incidência foi estimada em 2,31 casos/1000 pessoas-dia. Apresentaram maior risco de GRP as crianças que nasceram com peso <3000g e cujas mães que apresentaram sobrepeso ou obesidade pré-gestacional. Resultados (Manuscrito 3): As crianças com GRP apresentaram significativamente maiores níveis da média de IMC ao longo da trajetória. Conclusões: Não foi possível demostrar associação entre os polimorfismos genéticos e GRP pelo menos na infância, porém o peso ao nascer inadequado e o alto peso pré-gestacional materno se associaram significativamente ao GRP. O GRP foi associado a um maior risco de desfechos de peso aferidos por meio de índices de massa corporal. Dado o impacto do GRP na trajetória da média de IMC ao longo da infância e no excesso de peso infantil, faz-se importante os cuidados desde o pré-natal, pós-parto e puericultura nos primeiros anos de vida da criança.

The occurrence of rapid infant weight gain (RWG) may be associated with weight outcomes throughout the life cycle. Risk factors for RWG include maternal, gestational, infant and contextual predictors and the importance of also evaluating the hypothesis about the possible association with genetic polymorphisms is reinforced. Objective To test the association between RWG, genetic polymorphisms and children's nutritional status Methodology (Manuscript 1): Cross-sectional study with databases of population surveys in children with adequate birth weight in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru to estimate the association between RWG and excess weight in children aged 0 to 5 years. Prevalence, odds ratio and 95%CI were estimated by multivariate logistic regression. Methodology (Manuscript 2): Cohort study with children from birth to six months of PROLAC in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Biological material was obtained by oral swab for genetic analysis of FTO, MC4R and APOA5 gene polymorphisms. RWG was considered when the difference of weight-for-age (W/A) z-score was >+0.67 between two evaluations. In the exploratory analysis of the curves of the cumulative incidence rate of RWG, the Kaplan-Meier estimator (failure) was used, as well as the Log-Rank test to make comparisons between the groups of interest. The hazard ratio was estimated using the Cox semi-parametric model. Methodology (Manuscript 3): Cohort study with 267 children. Children had to have at least 3 anthropometric assessments, that is, at birth, between birth and six months of life and between 4 and 7 years of age, and were divided into groups according to the presence or absence of RWG, diagnosed if the difference in weight-for-age (W/A) z-score was > +0.67 between two evaluations. The Longitudinal Analyzes Data Plots function was used to analyze the trajectory of the child's BMI mean, to compare the child's BMI mean of the groups at each time point a two-way ANOVA was applied and the Bonferroni test was used for multiple comparisons. Results (Manuscript 1): The odds of overweight in children with RWG, adjusted for breastfeeding, were 6.1 times, 4.4 times, 6.7 times, and 12.2 times in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru, respectively, when compared to children without RWG. Results (Manuscript 2): The percentage of children with RWG was 31.84% throughout the study and the incidence rate was estimated at 2.31 cases/1000 person-days. Children who were born weighing <3000g and 15 whose mothers were overweight or obese pre-pregnancy presented a higher risk of RWG. Results (Manuscript 3): Children with GRP had significantly higher mean BMI levels along the trajectory. Conclusions: It was not possible to demonstrate an association between genetic polymorphisms and GRP, at least in childhood, but inadequate birth weight and high maternal pre-pregnancy weight were significantly associated with RWG. RWG was associated with a higher risk of weight outcomes measured using body mass index. Given the impact of RWG on the trajectory of child's BMI mean throughout childhood and on childhood excess weight, care from prenatal, postpartum and childcare in the first years of a child's life is important.

Gender, work-family conflict, and weight gain: four-year follow-up of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) / Gênero, conflito entre trabalho e família e ganho de peso: o seguimento de quatro anos do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) / Género, conflicto laboral-familiar y aumento de peso: 4 años de seguimiento en el Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto brasileño (ELSA-Brasil)

This study sought to analyze the effect of work-to-family conflict (demands from work that affect one's family/personal life), family-to-work conflict (demands from family/personal life that affect work), and lack of time for self-care and leisure due to professional and domestic demands on the incidence of weight gain and increase in waist circumference by gender in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Our study included 9,159 ELSA-Brasil participants (4,413 men and 4,746 women) who attended baseline (2008-2010) and the first follow-up visit (2012-2014). Weight gain and increase in waist circumference were defined as an annual increase ≥ 75th percentile, i.e., ≥ 1.21kg/year and ≥ 1.75cm/year, respectively for women; and ≥ 0.96kg/year and ≥ 1.41cm/year respectively for men. Associations were estimated by Poisson regression applying robust variance with the R software. Analyses were stratified by gender and adjusted for socioeconomic variables. Adjusted models showed a higher risk of weight gain among women who reported family-to-work conflict frequently and sometimes (relative risk - RR = 1.37 and RR = 1.15, respectively) and among those who reported frequent lack of time for self-care and leisure (RR = 1.13). Among men, time-based work-to-family conflict (RR = 1.17) and strain-based work-to-family conflict (RR = 1.24) were associated with weight gain. No associations were observed between work-family conflict domains and increase in waist circumference. These findings suggest that occupational and social health promotion programs are essential to help workers balance work and family life to reduce weight gain.

O objetivo foi analisar o efeito de conflitos entre o trabalho e a família (demandas do trabalho que interferem na vida familiar ou pessoal) e entre a família e o trabalho (demandas da vida que interferem no trabalho), além da falta de tempo para autocuidado e lazer em função de demandas profissionais e domésticas, na incidência de ganho de peso e aumento da circunferência abdominal, de acordo com gênero, no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). O estudo presente incluiu 9.159 participantes do ELSA-Brasil (4.413 homens e 4.746 mulheres) que frequentaram a linha de base (2008-2010) e a primeira visita de seguimento (2012-2014). O ganho ponderal e o aumento de circunferência abdominal foram definidos enquanto ganho anual ≥ 75º percentil, i.é., ≥ 1,21kg/ano e ≥ 1,75cm/ano, respectivamente, em mulheres, e ≥ 0,96kg/ano e ≥ 1,41cm/ano, respectivamente, em homens. As associações foram estimadas pela regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, usando o software R. As análises foram estratificadas por gênero e ajustadas por variáveis socioeconômicas. Os modelos ajustados mostraram risco maior de ganho ponderal em mulheres que relatavam conflitos frequentes ou eventuais de família para o trabalho (risco relativo - RR = 1,37 e RR = 1,15, respectivamente), e naquelas que relatavam frequentemente falta de tempo para autocuidado e lazer (RR = 1,13). Nos homens, os conflitos de tempo do trabalho para a família (RR = 1,17) e os conflitos de tensão do trabalho para a família (RR = 1,24) mostraram associação com ganho ponderal. Não foram observadas associações nos domínios dos conflitos de trabalho para a família e o aumento de circunferência abdominal. Os achados sugerem a necessidade de programas de promoção ocupacional e de saúde social para ajudar homens e mulheres economicamente ativos a equilibrarem o trabalho e a vida familiar para reduzir o ganho de peso.

El objetivo fue analizar el efecto del trabajo en conflictos de familia (exigencias del trabajo que interfieren en la familia/vida personal), conflictos de familia en el trabajo (exigencias de la familia/vida personal que interfieren con el trabajo), y la falta de tiempo para el autocuidado y ocio, debido a exigencias profesionales y domésticas en la incidencia de aumento de peso y aumento de contorno de cintura por género en el Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto brasileño (ELSA-Brasil). Este estudio incluyó a 9.159 participantes del ELSA-Brasil (4.413 hombres y 4.746 mujeres) que formaban parte de la base de referencia (2008-2010) y de la primera visita de seguimiento (2012-2014). El aumento de peso y contorno de cintura se definió como un aumento anual ≥ 75º percentil, p.ej., ≥ 1,21kg/año y ≥ 1,75cm/año, respectivamente, en mujeres, y ≥ 0,96kg/año y ≥ 1,41cm/año, respectivamente, en hombres. Se estimaron las asociaciones por regresión de Poisson, aplicando variancia robusta, usando R software. Se estratificaron análisis por género y se ajustaron para variables socioeconómicas. Los modelos ajustados mostraron un riesgo mayor de aumento de peso entre mujeres que informaron de un conflicto de familia para trabajar frecuentemente y a veces (riesgo relativo - RR = 1,37 y RR = 1,15, respectivamente), y entre quienes informaron de falta de tiempo para el autocuidado y ocio frecuentemente (RR = 1,13). Entre hombres, el trabajo basado en el tiempo respecto a conflictos familiares (RR = 1,17), así como el trabajo basado en el esfuerzo respecto a la misma cuestión (RR = 1,24) estuvieron asociados al aumento de peso. No se observaron asociaciones entre los ámbitos trabajo-conflictos de familia y aumento de peso. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de programas sociales de promoción ocupacional y de salud para ayudar a hombres y mujeres a equilibrar la fuerza laboral en el trabajo y la vida familiar, con el fin de reducir el aumento de peso.

Masaje de Field para la ganancia de peso en prematuros extremos. Estudio de viabilidad y aceptabilidad / Field massage for weight gain in extremely premature babies. Feasibility and acceptability study

Introducción: Una de las principales problemáticas del prematuro extremo es la limitación en su ganancia de peso debido a factores propios de su inmadurez (2,4); el desconocimiento acerca del tipo, el tiempo y la cantidad de estimulación que debe recibir, rescata la necesidad de indagar en nuevas intervenciones desde el cuidado de enfermería (4,11). Objetivo: Determinar la viabilidad y aceptabilidad de la terapia de masaje de Field, en prematuros extremos en una Unidad Neonatal de una institución de IV nivel, y los efectos en relación con la ganancia de peso. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, cuasi experimental, realizado en 15 prematuros extremos, que comparó el peso pre y post intervención, y un análisis para la estimación del efecto; se determinó la viabilidad del estudio mediante tasas de selección, reclutamiento y seguimiento y la aceptabilidad de la intervención en términos de satisfacción de los padres. El proceso de selección y reclutamiento se efectuó por más de 4 meses; la terapia se realizó 3 veces al día, durante 15 minutos, por 5 días consecutivos; posteriormente, se aplicó un cuestionario de aceptabilidad a las madres de los neonatos masajeados. Resultados: Se presentó una ganancia de peso significativa, lo cual podría ser atribuido al masaje, sin embargo, debe ser evaluado en futuras investigaciones frente a un grupo control. El estudio se hace menos viable en cuanto a la tasa de selección, si la muestra es captada durante poco tiempo, reduciendo la posibilidad de aplicar la intervención en una muestra significativa; en cuanto a reclutamiento y seguimiento, es totalmente viable. Es una terapia muy aceptada por las madres en términos de idoneidad, conveniencia y efectividad; sin embargo, se debe fortalecer desde sus riesgos y adherencia.

Introduction: One of the main problems of the extreme premature infants is the limitation in their weight gain due to factors inherent to their immaturity (2,4), the lack of knowledge about the type, the time, and the amount of stimulation they should receive, it also highlights the need to investigate new interventions in nursing care (4,11). Objective: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of Field's massage therapy in extreme premature infants in a Neonatal Unit of a level IV institution, and the effects in relation to weight gain. Methodology: Quantitative, quasi-experimental study, carried out in 15 extreme preterm infants, where pre and post intervention weight was compared, a analysis for effect estimation; the feasibility of the study was determined by selection, recruitment and followup rates and the acceptability of the intervention in terms of parental satisfaction. The selection and recruitment process were carried out for more than 4 months; the therapy was performed 3 times a day, for 15 minutes per session, for 5 consecutive days; subsequently, an acceptability survey was applied to the mothers of the massaged neonates who completed the intervention days. Results: here was a significant weight gain, which could be attributed to the massage, however, it should be evaluated in future research against a control group. The study becomes less viable in terms of the selection rate, if the sample is captured for a short time, reducing the possibility of applying the intervention in a significant sample; in terms of recruitment and follow-up, it is totally feasible. It is a therapy that is highly accepted by mothers in terms of suitability, convenience and effectiveness; however, it must be strengthened from its risks and adherence.

Blood metabolites and fecal starch as indicators of feed efficiency of beef cattle in the feedlot / [Metabolitos sanguíneos e amido fecal como indicadores da eficiência alimentar do gado de corte em confinamento]

The use of blood metabolites (BM), fecal starch (FS), and apparent digestion of starch, (ATTSD) as indicators of feed efficiency (FE) in beef cattle in the feedlot was studied. Fourteen bulls were used, originating in an industrial cross, without a defined racial group, with mean body weight of 284.86kg, individually fed, being evaluated in a 42-day confinement system. After the evaluation, the animals were divided into two groups according to the individual FE: high feed efficiency (HE) and low feed efficiency (LE). There was a difference between the groups in the variables FE, feed conversion (FC), final weight (FW), and daily weight gain (DWG). The FE had a positive correlation with DWG, FC, and FW. There was no difference between the groups for the variables BM, FS, and ATTSD, nor was there any correlation between these variables and FE. Considering the feed cost, the HE animals proved more profitable. BM, FS, and ATTSD did not statistically show potential to be used as indicators of FE, despite the evidence of numerical differences of these variables between the different groups, tendency of correlations with FE, and discriminating function with potential assertiveness.(AU)

Foi estudada a utilização dos metabólitos sanguíneos (BM), do amido fecal (FS) e da digestão aparente do amido (ATTSD) como indicadores de eficiência alimentar (FE) em bovinos de corte em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 14 touros, originários de cruzamento industrial, sem grupo racial definido, peso corporal médio de 284,86kg, alimentados individualmente, sendo avaliados em sistema de confinamento por 42 dias. Após a avaliação, dividiram-se os animais em dois grupos, de acordo com a FE individual: alta eficiência alimentar (HE) e baixa eficiência alimentar (LE). Houve diferença entre os grupos nas variáveis FE, conversão alimentar (FC), peso final (FW) e ganho de peso diário (DWG). A FE teve correlação positiva com DWG, FC e FW. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para as variáveis BM, FS e ATTSD, tampouco houve correlação entre essas variáveis e a FE. Considerando-se o custo alimentar, os animais HE mostraram-se mais lucrativos. BM, FS e ATTSD não mostraram, estatisticamente, potencial para serem utilizados como indicadores de FE, apesar da evidência de diferenças numéricas dessas variáveis entre os diferentes grupos, tendência de correlações com a FE e de função discriminante com potencial assertividade.(AU)

Efecto del comportamiento del peso materno en el peso del neonato / Effect of the behavior of maternal weight on the weight of the newborn. Introduction

La alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en las mujeres en edad fértil hace necesario indagar por el impacto que este factor y la ganancia ponderal excesiva en la gestación generan sobre el peso al nacer del neonato. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del comportamiento del peso materno en dos grupos, gestantes con recién nacido macrosómico y normopeso. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de medidas repetidas, para comparar la ganancia ponderal en siete momentos de la gestación en dos grupos de gestantes, cuarenta y ocho con recién nacido macrosómico vs cuarenta y ocho normopeso. El estudio se realizó en una institución de segundo nivel de Antioquia-Colombia, a partir de las historias clínicas del control prenatal de los último cinco años. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos, para el peso de los siete momentos del periodo gestacional (p <0,001). El peso gestacional materno, contribuyó a la varianza del peso del neonato, especialmente en el grupo de gestantes con recién nacido macrosómico. Conclusión: La ganancia ponderal materna impacta el peso al nacer, es decir que, a mayor peso gestacional materno, mayor fue el peso del recién nacido(AU)

The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of a childbearing age makes it necessary to investigate the impact that this factor and an excessive weight gain in pregnancy have on the weight at birth of the newborn. Objective: To evaluate the effect of maternal weight behavior in two groups, pregnant with a macrosomic newborn and a normal weight. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study of repeated measures, to compare the weight gain at seven moments of the gestation in two groups of pregnant women, forty-eight with macrosomic newborn vs. forty-eight with a normal weight. The study was carried out in a second-level institution in Antioquia-Colombia, based on the medical records of the prenatal control of the last five years. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between groups for the weight of the seven moments of the gestational period (p <0.001). Maternal gestational weight contributed to the variance of the newborn's weight, especially in the group of pregnant women with a macrosomic newborn. Conclusion: Maternal weight gain impacts birth weight, which means, the higher the maternal gestational weight, the higher the newborn's weight(AU)

Birth weight, life course factors and excess weight among schoolchildren in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2010

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between birth weight and excess weight among students aged 6-14 years, adjusted for life course confounding factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 6-14-year-old schoolchildren in 2010; 795 school children from two public schools. In addition, a sub-sample was selected using a case-cohort study approach. Sociodemographic, breastfeeding, food introduction, previous weight gain, family history, current clinical and behavioral variables as well as maternal variables related to pregnancy, were collected. Multivariable weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between birth weight and overweight. All prevalent cases of overweight (n = 160) were selected to compose the case group and a random sub-sample of all students participating in the study (n = 276 students, of whom 88 were cases) were the control group. Results: An unadjusted 6% increase in the excess weight prevalence ratio (p-value = 0.004) was found for each 100 g increase in birth weight. With adjustment for age, sex and behavioral variables (models 1 and 2), the association of birth weight with excess weight was positive and statistically significant, but it was no longer significant in the final model (model 3) when clinical variables were considered. Conclusions: Although some of the secondary associations were statistically significant, we could not identify a significant association between birthweight and excess weight in adolescents.

Factores maternos y ganancia de peso en un grupo de gestantes con recién nacidos macrosómicos / Maternal Factors and Weight Gain in a Group of Pregnant Women with Macrosomic Newborns

Resumen Antecedentes: la excesiva ganancia de peso contribuye al riesgo de diabetes gestacional y sobrecrecimiento fetal. Objetivo: explorar el efecto de algunos factores sociodemográficos, gestacionales y antropométricos sobre la ganancia de peso durante la gestación en un grupo de mujeres con recién nacidos macrosómicos, atendidas en una institución de segundo nivel del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, entre 2010 y 2017. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal retrospectivo con historias clínicas prenatales de 61 mujeres que tuvieron recién nacidos macrosómicos. La variable de interés fue la ganancia de peso. Para la asociación de los aspectos sociodemográficos y gestacionales con la ganancia de peso, se aplicó la prueba t de Student y la magnitud del efecto con la medida g de Hedges. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple ajustado para el análisis multivariado. Resultados: se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según edad materna, IMC pregestacional, estatura materna e interconsulta a nutrición. El tamaño del efecto sobre el aumento de peso en el embarazo para cada una de estas variables fue significativo. El IMC pregestacional (p<0,001; IC95 % -7,28; -2,67) y la estatura materna (p<0,05 IC95 % 0,88; 5,87) explican el 27 % de la variabilidad de la ganancia de peso. Conclusión: factores como edad materna menor a 35 años, IMC pregestacional, estatura materna y ausencia de atención nutricional pueden repercutir en ganancias de peso por encima de lo recomendado.

Abstract Background: Excessive weight gain contributes to the risk of gestational diabetes and fetal overgrowth. Objective: to explore the effect of some sociodemographic, gestational and anthropometric factors on weight gain during pregnancy, in a group of women with macrosomic newborns, treated at a second-level institution in the department of Antioquia, between 2010 and 2017. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with prenatal medical records of 61 women with macrosomic newborns. The variable of interest was weight gain. For the relationship of the sociodemographic and gestational aspects with the weight gain, the t-Student test was applied and the magnitude of the effect with the Hedges g measure. A multiple linear regression model adjusted was applied for multivariate analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in maternal age, pregestational body mass index, maternal height, and nutrition consultation. The effect size on weight gain in pregnancy for each of these variables was significant. Pregestational body mass index (p<0.001, 95% CI -7.28; -2.67) and maternal height (P<0.05 95% CI 0.88; 5.87) explain 27% of the variability of weight gain. Conclusion: factors such as maternal age less than 35 years, pregestational body mass index, maternal height and lack of nutritional care, can have an impact on weight gains above the recommendations.

Effect of sealing on the feed out face of trench silos on the performance of confined calves / [Efeito da vedação na porção inicial de silos trincheiras sobre o desempenho de novilhos confinados]

This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance, dry matter intake, apparent digestibility and ingestive behavior of feedlot calves fed corn silage from the feed out face of trench silos with different types of sealing. The animals were divided into three treatments with four repetitions: Conventional seal - double-sided polyethylene of 110µm thickness; Double-sided seal - double-sided polyethylene of 200µm thickness; and Double seal - composed of double face polyethylene with a thickness of 80µm superimposed on a polyamide translucent vacuum film with a thickness of 20µm. The use of double face sealing provided 12.63% increase in average daily gain and improved food conversion by 0.62 percentage points. The apparent digestibility of the diet with double-face sealing system silage was 4.30% higher than the diet with double-face sealing silage and 11.00% higher than the diet with conventional sealing silage. It is recommended to use the double face sealing with 200µm polyethylene and double face sealing with 80µm thick polyethylene on top of a 20µm thick polyamide translucent vacuum film.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo, o consumo de matéria seca, a digestibilidade aparente e o comportamento ingestivo de novilhos confinados, alimentados com silagem de milho da porção inicial de silos do tipo trincheira, conservada sob distintos tipos de vedação. Os animais foram divididos em três tratamentos, com quatro repetições: vedação convencional - polietileno tipo dupla face, com espessura de 110µm; vedação dupla face - polietileno tipo dupla face, com espessura de 200µm; e dupla vedação - polietileno tipo dupla face, com espessura de 80µm sobreposto a um filme vácuo translúcido de poliamida, com espessura de 20µm. O uso da vedação dupla face proporcionou incremento de 12,63% no ganho de peso médio diário e melhorou em 0,62 ponto percentual a conversão alimentar. A digestibilidade aparente da dieta com silagem do sistema de vedação dupla face foi 4,30% superior em relação à dieta com silagem da dupla vedação e 11,00% superior à dieta com silagem da vedação convencional. Recomenda-se a utilização tanto da vedação dupla face com polietileno de 200µm quanto da dupla vedação com polietileno tipo dupla face, com espessura de 80µm, sobreposto a um filme vácuo translúcido de poliamida com espessura de 20µm.(AU)

Hepatic mitochondria in diet-induced obese mice (stereology and molecular analysis) / Mitocondrias hepáticas en ratones obesos inducidos por la dieta (estereología y análisis molecular)

SUMMARY: The world population is going through an obesity epidemic that has severe consequences for the health system. This study focused on studying hepatic mitochondria in obese animals induced by a high-fat (HF) diet and used the model-based stereology in electron micrographs for the quantitative study. Besides, the gene expressions of molecular markers of mitochondrial biogenesis carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt 1α), mitochondrial transcription factor a (Tfam), uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp 3), and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf 1) were analyzed. The HF diet caused a weight gain of +1820 % comparing the control group (C) with the HF group (from 0.32±0.31 g to 5.5±0.39 g, P<0.001). The HF group showed fat droplets in the hepatocyte cytoplasm (steatosis) and less dense and large mitochondria in transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondria size (cross-section) did not show a significant difference between the groups C and HF. However, the mitochondria numerical density per area was 30 % less, the mitochondrial surface density (outer membrane) was 20 % less, and the mitochondrial volume density was 22 % less in the HF group than the C group. The gene expressions of molecular markers of mitochondrial biogenesis Cpt 1α, Tfam, Ucp 3, and Nrf 1 decreased in the HF group compared to the C group. The quantitative results match perfectly with the molecular ones of mitochondrial biogenesis markers. In the future, it will be crucial to verify if and how these data recover with the reduction of obesity, which would be of significant interest given the current obesity epidemic that affects the world population.

RESUMEN: La población mundial atraviesa una epidemia de obesidad que tiene graves consecuencias para el sistema de salud. Este estudio se centró en el análisis de las mitocondrias hepáticas en animales obesos inducidos por una dieta alta en grasas (HF) y utilizó la estereología basada en modelos en micrografías electrónicas para el estudio cuantitativo. Además, se analizaron las expresiones génicas de los marcadores moleculares de la biogénesis mitocondrial carnitina palmitoiltransferasa 1a (Cpt 1α), factor de transcripción mitocondrial a (Tfam), proteína desacoplante 3 (Ucp 3) y factor respiratorio nuclear 1 (Nrf 1). La dieta HF provocó un aumento de peso de +1820 % comparando el grupo de control (C) con el grupo HF (de 0,32 ± 0,31 g a 5,5 ± 0,39 g, P <0,001). El grupo HF mostró gotas de grasa en el citoplasma de los hepatocitos (esteatosis) y mitocondrias menos densas y grandes en la microscopía electrónica de transmisión. El tamaño de las mitocondrias (sección transversal) no mostró una diferencia significativa entre los grupos C y HF. Sin embargo, la densidad numérica de mitocondrias por área fue 30% menor, la densidad de superficie mitocondrial (membrana externa) fue 20 % menor y la densidad de volumen mitocondrial fue 22 % menor en el grupo HF que en el grupo C. Las expresiones génicas de los marcadores moleculares de la biogénesis mitocondrial Cpt 1α, Tfam, Ucp 3 y Nrf 1 disminuyeron en el grupo HF en comparación con el grupo C. Los resultados cuantitativos coinciden perfectamente con los moleculares de los marcadores de biogénesis mitocondrial. En el futuro, será crucial verificar si estos datos se recuperan y cómo se recuperan con la reducción de la obesidad, lo que sería de gran interés dada la actual epidemia de obesidad que afecta a la población mundial.