Influence of abutment angulation on implant failure in immediately placed and restored implants in the esthetic zone: a randomized clinical trial

Background: Tooth extraction socket in the aesthetic area is a major indication for immediate implant placement greatly improving patient satisfaction and preserving the alveolar ridge. However, the effect of non-axial force on the peri-implant bone with subsequent early implant failure remains unclear. Objective:Evaluate the prognosis of tilted implants immediately placed and restored with angled abutments in comparison to straight implants restored with straight abutments in the esthetic area (anterior or premolars) using computer-aided surgical guides. Material and methods: Badly decayed non-restorable teeth in the aesthetic zone (anterior or premolars) were extracted atraumatically. Immediately after guided implant insertion, the abutments were adjusted and placed according to the allocation group (0, 15, or 25-degree angle) then a temporary crown was performed out of occlusion in centric and eccentric relation. Early implant failure was assessed at three and six months. Results:There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.305). Straight and angled abutment groups showed 6 (14.3%) and 8 (20%) failed cases, respectively. The post-hoc subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant difference between angle 15 and angle 25 degree groups where (P=0.686) or between Anterior and Premolar groups (P=0.853). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the failure rate when comparing angled to straight immediately placed & restored implants. This applies to both anterior and premolar implants

Zygomatic implants in intra-sinus versus extra-maxillary approaches for prosthetic rehabilitation in severely atrophic maxillae: finite element analysis / Implantes cigomáticos en abordajes intra sinusal versus extra maxilar para rehabilitación protésica en maxilares severamente atróficos: análisis de elementos finitos

Objetive: To compare the stresses and deformations generated on the surrounding bone of the zygomatic implants when using an intra sinusal and extra-maxillary approach, through the finite element method. Material and Methods: Computer aided designs (CADs) were constructed using SolidWorks Software of a skull with bone resorption to be rehabilitated through a fixed hybrid prosthesis using two zygomatic and two conventional straight implants. For the boundary conditions (load conditions), symmetry in the sagittal plane was assumed and that all the materials were isotropic, homogeneous and linearly elastic. Two zygomatic implantation techniques were simulated: intra sinusal (Is) and extra maxillary (Em). Vertical and lateral loads of 150 N and 50 N were applied to the finite element models to obtain Von Mises equivalent stress and strain (displacement). Results: The average measurement of the Von Mises stress (MPa) recorded were as follows: Approach of the implant body (Is: 0.24- Em: 0.28,) effort of implant body with vertical load: Is: 0.69 - Em: 0.96; effort of peri-implant surface under horizontal load: Is: 2.11 - Em: 0.94. Average displacement under vertical load of peri-implant surface Is: 0.35 - Em: 0.40, and of implant body Is: 1.34 - Em: 2.04. Average total deformation in approach Is: 2.23 mm - Em: 0.80mm, and average total deformation in the implant body under horizontal load was Is: 0.14 - Em: 0.21. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that despite the differences that occurred in both stress and strain (displacement) between the intra-sinus and extra-maxillary approaches, the static strength of the bone, which is approximately 150 MPa in tension and 250 MPa in compression was not exceeded. Considering the limitations of finite element analysis, there seems to be no biomechanical reason to choose one approach over the other.

Objetivo: Comparar por el método de elementos finitos los esfuerzos y deformaciones generados sobre el hueso circundante de implantes cigomáticos tratados con un abordaje intra sinusal y extra maxilar. Material y Métodos: Se construyeron los diseños asistidos por computadora (CAD) utilizando el Software SolidWorks de un cráneo con una reabsorción ósea para ser rehabilitado, a través de una prótesis híbrida fija, mediante dos implantes cigomáticos y dos rectos convencionales. Para las condiciones de frontera (condiciones de carga) se asumió simetría en el plano sagital y que todos los materiales eran isotrópicos, homogéneos y linealmente elásticos. Se simularon dos técnicas de implantación cigomática: una intra sinusal (Is) y otra extra maxilar (Em). Se aplicaron cargas verticales y laterales de 150 N y 50 N a los modelos de elementos finitos para obtener el esfuerzo equivalente de Von mises y la deformación (desplazamiento). Resultados: La medición promedio del esfuerzo de Von Mises (MPa) registró: abordaje del cuerpo de implante (Is: 0.24-Em: 0.28) esfuerzo del cuerpo de implante con carga vertical: (Is:0.69 ­ Em: 0.96); esfuerzo de la superficie peri implantar ante carga horizontal (lateral):( Is:2.11 ­ Em:0.94). Desplazamiento promedio ante carga vertical de la superficie peri implantar (Is:0.35 ­ Em:0.40) y del cuerpo del implante (Is:1.34 ­ Em:2.04). Deformación total promedio en mm en abordaje (Is: 2.23 ­ Em:0.80) y deformación total promedio en el cuerpo del implante ante carga horizontal (Is:0.14 ­ Em:0.21). Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio indican que a pesar de las diferencias que se presentaron tanto en el esfuerzo como en la deformación (desplazamiento) entre los abordajes intra sinusal y extra maxilar, la resistencia estática del hueso, que es de aproximadamente 150 MPa en tensión y 250 MPa en compresión no se superó. Considerando las limitaciones de los AEF, parece no haber razones biomecánicas para elegir uno u otro enfoque.

Weight Discharge in Postoperative of Plateau Fracture Tibialis: Systematic Review of Literature / Descarga de peso no pós-operatório de fratura de planalto tibial: Revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract Tibial plateau fractures are a risk to the functional integrity of the knee, affecting the axial alignment and capable of leading to pain and disability of the individual. Early weight bearing and joint mobilization can prevent these functional deficits. the goal of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature about studies that quote the beginning, evolution, and progression criteria for weight-bearing in postoperative period of tibial plateau fractures. We selected articles published in the last 12 years, in Portuguese and English, that described the time of onset and progression of weight-bearing, considering the severity of the fracture. Thirty-six articles were selected. There is no consensus in the literature as to the beginning and evolution of weight-bearing in the postoperative period of tibial plateau fractures; however, a relationship between the severity of the fracture and the fixation method has been observed.

Resumo As fraturas do planalto tibial constituem risco à integridade funcional do joelho, afetando o alinhamento axial e podendo levar à dor e à incapacidade do indivíduo. O suporte de carga e a mobilização articular precoce podem prevenir esses déficits e acelerar o processo de reabilitação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre estudos que citam o início, evolução e critérios de progressão do suporte de carga no pós-operatório das fraturas de planalto tibial. Foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos 12 anos, nos idiomas português e inglês, que descrevessem o tempo de início e progressão do suporte de carga, considerando a gravidade da fratura. Foram selecionados 36 artigos na literatura. Não há consenso na literatura quanto ao início e evolução do suporte de carga no pós-operatório das fraturas do planalto tibial. Contudo, observa-se relação entre a gravidade da fratura e o tempo de início da carga.

Complex Fractures of the Sacrum with Spinopelvic Dissociation Treated Surgically with Iliolumbar Fixation / Fraturas complexas do sacro com dissociação espinopélvica tratadas cirurgicamente com fixação iliolombar

Abstract Objective To analyze a series of cases of complex fractures of the sacrum with spinopelvic dissociation surgically treated with iliolumbar fixation, and to review the existing medical literature. Methods For the analysis, the medical records of the cases operated using the Schildhauer et al technique for fixation were retrospectively evaluated, and followed up for at least 12 months. The functional results were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the Oswestry disability index, version 2.0. The data were compared with those of the existing medical literature. Results Six cases were analyzed, four of which evolved with moderate disability, one, with minimal disability, and one, with severe disability. Three cases that presented neurological deficits obtained significant improvement. Only one case evolved with pulmonary thromboembolic complications. Conclusion The Schildhauer et al technique is an efficient technique for the fixation of complex sacral fractures with spinopelvic dissociation. The patients evolved with good functional results. Early weight-bearing has been shown to be safe with the use of this treatment.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar uma série de casos de fraturas complexas do sacro com dissociação espinopélvica tratados cirurgicamente com fixação iliolombar, e revisar a literatura médica existente. Métodos Para a análise, foram avaliados retrospectivamente os prontuários médicos de casos operados utilizando a técnica de Schildhauer et al para fixação. O período de acompanhamento foi de pelo menos 12 meses. Os resultados funcionais foram avaliados por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor e do índice de incapacidade de Oswestry, versão 2.0. Os dados foram comparados com os da literatura médica existente. Resultados Seis casos foram analisados, sendo que quatro evoluíram com incapacidade moderada, um, com incapacidade mínima, e um, com incapacidade grave. Três casos que apresentavam déficit neurológico obtiveram melhora significativa. Apenas um caso evoluiu com complicação tromboembólica pulmonar. Conclusão A técnica de Schildhauer et al é eficiente para a fixação de fraturas complexas de sacro com dissociação espinopélvica. Os pacientes evoluíram com bons resultados funcionais. A liberação precoce de sustentação de carga demonstrou-se segura com o uso deste tratamento.

Influência do arco longitudinal medial na distribuição plantar e na flexibilidade posterior / La influencia del arco longitudinal medial en la distribución plantar y la flexibilidad posterior / The influence of medium longitudinal arch on plant distribution and posterior pliability

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a formação do arco longitudinal do pé interfere na distribuição da pressão plantar e na flexibilidade dos músculos posteriores da coxa. O método de estudo foi transversal e as impressões plantares foram obtidas usando o plantígrafo e analisadas segundo o método Viladot. A distribuição plantar e a flexibilidade foram avaliadas pela baropodometria e pelo banco de Wells, respectivamente. Foi observado que crianças com pés cavos apresentam maior flexibilidade quando comparadas às que têm o pé normal (p=0,02); e também que pés cavos apresentam maior pressão, ou seja, maior sobrecarga em calcâneo quando comparados àqueles com o arco plantar normal (p=0,02 membro inferior direito e p=0,03 membro inferior esquerdo). A avaliação do arco longitudinal medial mostra que crianças com pés cavos apresentam maior flexibilidade dos músculos posteriores de membro inferior. Os pés cavos também estão associados com maior descarga de peso em região de calcâneo.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si la formación del arco longitudinal del pie interfiere con la distribución de la presión plantar y la flexibilidad de los músculos posteriores del muslo. El método de estudio fue transversal y las huellas plantar se obtuvieron utilizando el plantigraph y se analizaron según el método de Viladot. La distribución plantar y la flexibilidad se evaluaron mediante baropodometría y el banco de Wells, respectivamente. Se observó que los niños con pies huecos tienen mayor flexibilidad en comparación con aquellos con pies normales (p=0,02); y también que los pies huecos tienen una mayor presión, es decir, una mayor sobrecarga del talón en comparación con aquellos con arco plantar normal (p=0,02 miembro inferior derecho y p=0,03 miembro inferior izquierdo). La evaluación del arco longitudinal medial muestra que los niños con pies huecos tienen una mayor flexibilidad en los músculos posteriores de la extremidad inferior. Los pies huecos también están asociados con una mayor descarga de peso en la región del talón.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether the formation of the longitudinal arch of the foot interferes with the distribution of plantar pressure and the pliability of the posterior thigh muscles. Methodology: a cross-sectional study and the footprints were obtained using the footprinting mat and analyzed according to the Viladot method. Plantar distribution and pliability were assessed by baropodometry and Wells' bank, respectively. Results: It was observed that children with cavus feet present greater pliability when compared to those with normal feet (p=0.02). Also, the cavus feet exhibit higher pressure, that is, a greater heel overload compared to those with normal plantar arch (p=0.02 lower right limb and p=0.03 lower left limb). Conclusions: The evaluation of the medial longitudinal arch shows that children with cavus feet have greater pliability of the lower limb posterior muscles. The cavus feet are also associated with higher pressure in the calcaneal region.

Spatial variability of precompression stress and volumetric water content of a red-yellow latosol (Oxisol) / Variabilidade espacial da pressão de preconsolidação e da umidade volumétrica de um latossolo vermelho amarelo

The intensive agricultural machinery traffic to which soils under coffee crops are exposed may cause significant changes in soil structure. The goals of this study were to: a) characterize the spatial variability of precompression stress (σp) and volumetric water content (θ) of a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) and determine their spatially dependent structures using ordinary kriging semivariograms; b) using this date to construct a load-bearing capacity (LBC) map for the site, identifying the depth with higher ; and c) use the map as a decision support tool regarding agricultural machinery logistic management in coffee plantations. The research was conducted on an experimental farm of the Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais (Epamig), Patrocinio, MG, on a clayey Oxisol. Samples were collected from 2.0 × 1.5 m sampling pits at intersections of a rectangular 40 × 150 m grid, totaling 28 sampling points. The soil samples were collected with metal rings (0.0254 m in height and 0.0630 m in diameter) using an Uhland sampler. Sampling at each pit was at 3 layers: 0.00­0.03 m, 0.10­0.13 m, and 0.25­0.28 m, and seven samples arranged in a matrix form were collected at each layer, totaling 588 samples. The σp and θ showed a spatially dependent structure. The depth of 0.00­0.03 m showed higher LBC, indicating that this depth was more compacted compared to other depths. Based on the σp maps, the tractor and the combine should not traffic into the areas at water content of 0.45 m3 m-3, because the soil has a LBC of 200 kPa. If this condition is not respected, additional compaction will occur. Tractor traffic is permissible when the water content reaches values less than 0.36 m3 m-3, whereas for combine traffic, the water content values must be less than 0.30 m3 m-3.

O tráfego intenso de máquinas agrícolas sobre solos cultivados com cafeeiro pode causar alterações significativas na estrutura do solo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: a) avaliar e identificar a variabilidade espacial da pressão de preconsolidação (σp) e a umidade volumétrica (θ) de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) e determinar a estrutura de dependência espacial através de semivariogramas utilizando a krigagem ordinária; b) verificar no mapa, a profundidade com maior capacidade de suporte de carga (CSC) do solo ; c) dar suporte a tomada de decisão no manejo do maquinário agrícola da cultura cafeeira e utilizar esses mapas para a logística de manejo de trafego de máquinas. O experimento foi conduzido num LVA textura muito argilosa na Fazenda da Epamig (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais), em Patrocínio-MG. A amostragem foi realizada numa malha retangular (150 m x 40 m), onde foram coletadas amostras indeformadas em anéis metálicos de 0,0254 m de altura por 0,0630 m de diâmetro com auxílio do amostrador tipo Uhland em 28 trincheiras. Cada trincheira possui três degraus que correspondem às profundidades de (0.00-0.03; 0.10-0.13 e 0.25-0.28 m) e as dimensões dos degraus foram de 2,0 x 1,5 m, coletaram-se sete amostras (disposta em forma matricial) para cada degrau, totalizando 588 amostras. A σp e θ apresentaram estrutura de dependência espacial. A profundidade de 0.00-0.03m apresentou maior CSC indicando que esta profundidade está mais compactada em relação as demais profundidades. Com base nos mapas da σp, o trator e a colhedora não devem trafegar na área para umidade volumétrica igual a 0.45 m3 m-3, pois o solo possui CSC de 200 kPa. Se essa condição for desrespeitada, a compactação adicional poderá ocorrer. Para o tráfego do trator, deve-se esperar por um período, para que a θ atinja um valor menor que 0.36 m3 m-3, enquanto que para o tráfego da colhedora deve-se esperar a θ atingir valor menor que 0.30 m3 m-3.

A new type of adjustable weight bearing rehabilitation brace for lower limbs in postoperative rehabilitation of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study and analyze the clinical effect of the self-developed new adjustable weight-bearing rehabilitation brace in the rehabilitation of the femoral intertrochanteric fracture after the operation of PFNA.@*METHODS@#From July 2015 to June 2017, 62 patients with typeⅡ (Evans-Jensen classification) intertrochanteric fracture of femur were treated with PFNA internal fixation. There were 11 males and 19 females in the routine rehabilitation group, with an average age of (70.73± 6.09) years;17 males and 15 females in the brace rehabilitation group, with an average age of (71.25±6.60) years. Among them, the patients in the routine rehabilitation group recovered according to the routine method, and the patients in the support rehabilitation group used the self-developed new adjustable weight-bearing rehabilitation support of lower limbs to assist the early rehabilitation. The pain intensity(VAS score), weight-bearing of affected limb, clinical healing time of fracture, Harris score and complications were recorded and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Nine patients lost their visit half a year later, the other 53 patients were followed up for 9 to 18 months. The VAS score at 1, 3, 6 months after operation of brace rehabilitation group was lower than that of routine rehabilitation group(<0.05). The weight bearing of the limbs in the rehabilitation group was significantly higher than that in the conventional rehabilitation group(<0.05), but the clinical healing time of fracture in the brace rehabilitation group was shorter than that in the routine rehabilitation group(<0.05). In addition, the Harris score of the postoperativebrace rehabilitation group was better than that of the conventional rehabilitation group(<0.05). The incidence of complications was lower than that of the conventional rehabilitation group(=0.048).@*CONCLUSION@#In the rehabilitation of Evans Jensen typeⅡintertrochanteric fracture after PFNA internal fixation, the new self-developed adjustable weight-bearing rehabilitation brace can significantly relieve postoperative pain, regulate and moderately increase the stress stimulation at the fracture end, so as to promote fracture healing, accelerate the recovery of hip joint function, reduce the incidence of complications, and its clinical effect is safe and reliable.

Scanning electron microscopy assessment of the load-bearing capacity of cad/cam-fabricated molar crowns

Abstract Although fiber-reinforced composites are commonly used in dental practice, whether fiber-reinforced crowns and fixed partial dentures can be used as definitive prostheses remains to be determined. This study used scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the load-bearing capacity of non-reinforced and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) molar crowns prepared by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). The crowns were fabricated from three empirical FRC blocks, one empirical composite block, and one commercial ceramic block. The FRC resin was prepared by mixing BaO silicate particles, E-glass fiber, and dimethacrylate resin. Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10), differing in the amounts of filler, resin, and fiber. Crowns were statically loaded until fracture. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests were used for statistical analyses. The groups showed significant differences in load-bearing capacity; empirical bidirectional FRC resin blocks had the highest capacity, while commercial ceramic blocks had the lowest capacity. Molar crowns formed from FRC resin blocks had higher load-bearing capacity compared to non-reinforced composite resin and ceramic blocks. These results show that fiber reinforcement increased the load-bearing capacity of molar crowns.

Proximal retention grooves may increase early fracture strength of ART restorations / Sulcos de retenção proximal podem aumentar a resistência a fratura precoce de restaurações de ART

Objective: To evaluate the fracture resistance (RF) of Class II Glass-ionomer Cement (GIC) ART restorations with and without proximal retentions. Material and Methods: 20 freshly extracted human molars were used. Forty (40) standard Mesial-Occlusal (MO) and DistalOcclusal (DO) preparations (20 for each material) were performed with a 245 bur. The unprepared surfaces of the teeth were protected with nail polish and the specimens submerged in 0.5Mol EDTA solution, pH 7.4 for 8h under stirring. The preparations were finished with dentine spoons and 50% received proximal retention with # 3 excavators. 20 cavities were restored with Chemfil Rock (10 with retention and 10 without retention) and 20 cavities were restored with Equia Fil (10 with retention and 10 with no retention) and were stored in an oven at 37ºC and 100% relative humidity for 24h and submitted to axial compression loading in Test Machine - EMIC at a rate of 0.5 mm / minute, until restoration fracture occurred. The values were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: ChemFil Rock presented 300.84 (69.20) (without retention) and 361.70 (81.08) (with retention) and Equia Fil showed 314.60 (69.97) (without retention) and 366.67 (103.38) (with retention). Data obtained with retention were statistically superior to those obtained with non-retained ART restorations (p=0.014). No statistical differences were detected between materials (p=0.761). Conclusion: Retentive grooves improved fracture resistance of Class II GIC ART restorations. (AU)

Objetivo: avaliar a resistência à fratura (FR) de restaurações de ART de Classe II de Cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) com e sem retenções proximais. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados 20 molares humanos recém-extraídos. 40 cavidades padronizadas no sentido Mesial-Oclusal (MO) e Oclusal-Distal (OD) (20 para cada material) foram realizadas com uma broca 245. Os preparos cavitários foram submersos em solução 0,5 mol Mol EDTA, pH 7,4 por 8h sob agitação e foram finalizados com colheres de dentina, nos quais 50% receberam retenções proximais com escavadores #3. 20 cavidades foram restauradas com Chemfil Rock (10 com e 10 sem retenção) e 20 cavidades foram restauradas com Equia Fil (10 com e 10 sem retenção) e armazenadas em estufa a 37ºC e 100% de umidade relativa por 24h e submetidos a carga axial de compressão na máquina de ensaios EMIC a uma taxa de 0,5mm/min, até que a fratura de restauração ocorresse. Os valores foram analisados por ANOVA twoway (p<0,05). Resultados: ChemFil Rock apresentou 300.84 (69.20) (sem retenção) e 361.70 (81.08) (com retenção) e o Equia Fil apresentou 314.60 (69.97) (sem retenção) e 366.67 (103.38) (com retenção). Os dados obtidos com retenção foram estatisticamente superiores àqueles sem retenção (p=0.014). Não houve diferença estatística entre os materiais (p=0.761). Conclusão: Os sulcos retentivos melhoraram a resistência à fratura de restaurações de ART de Classe II de Cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV).(AU)

Efeito do treino locomotor com suporte parcial de peso corporal na velocidade de marcha de um paciente na fase aguda após acidente vascular cerebral: estudo de caso / Effect of partial body-weight support locomotor training on gait speed of a patient with acute stroke: a case study

O treino locomotor com suporte parcial de peso corporal (SPPC) é uma abordagem que tem sido utilizada na reabilitação do AVC. Entretanto, não há consenso na literatura sobre sua eficácia frente à reabilitação tradicional. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do treino com SPPC na velocidade de marcha após AVC na fase aguda. Um paciente, sexo masculino, 52 anos, foi avaliado através do Índice de Motricidade (IM) e Teste de Caminhada de 10 metros (TC10m). Recebeu, durante 5 dias, sessões de fisioterapia de 30 minutos, com 15 minutos de treino de marcha com SPPC. Apresentou um aumento de 28 pontos no IM e de mais de 50% nas velocidades de marcha normal e rápida. O resultado corrobora com estudos que evidenciam a eficácia do treino com SPPC na melhora da velocidade de marcha após AVC na fase aguda. (AU)

Locomotor training with partial body-weight support (PBWS) has been used for some years in stroke rehabilitation. However, there is no consensus in the literature about its effectiveness compared to conventional rehabilitation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PBWS training on gait speed after acute stroke. A 52-year-old male patient was assessed through Motricity Index (MI) and 10-meter Walk Test (10MWT). He had 30-minute physical therapy sessions, with 15-minute gait training with PBWS, for 5 days. The patient showed an increase of 28 points in MI and of over 50% in normal and fast gait speeds. The results are consistent with previous studies that showed the effectiveness of PBWS training in improving gait speed in acute stroke. (AU)

Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Literature Review

Most athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures undergo a surgical ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and rehabilitation. On the other hand, controversy still exists because neither a reconstruction nor rehabilitation have been proven to be superior in the management of ACL injury. This study reviewed the success rates of interventions to provide recommendations for the optimal management after an ACL injury. One of the most important considerations after an ACL injury is the timing and type of intervention. At the early stages, which involve the loss of volume and strength of quadriceps femoral muscle, weight bearing (closed kinetic chain) exercises with pain management followed by high velocity resistance exercises in an open kinetic chain environment are recommended to improve the quadriceps function. After that, it is important to apply intensive isokinetic exercise with a lower extension rate. In this case, it is important to apply overload to the muscles and to simultaneously lead the co-contraction of the hamstrings. Standards are essential because the timing and type of interventions are crucial to prevent re-injury and complications, such as osteoarthritis, as well as to confirm the successful outcome of the treatment. Different interventions recommended for ACL damage have yet to reach consensus. Further studies will be needed to observe the effects of the intervention through multidisciplinary approaches.

Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Approach for Corpectomy of the First Lumbar Vertebra : Technique and Outcome

OBJECTIVE: Corpectomy of the first lumbar vertebra (L1) for the management of different L1 pathologies can be performed using either an anterior or posterior approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a retroperitoneal extrapleural approach through the twelfth rib for performing L1 corpectomy. METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients underwent L1 corpectomy between 2010 and 2016. The retroperitoneal extrapleural approach through the 12th rib was used in all cases to perform single-stage anterior L1 corpectomy, reconstruction and anterior instrumentation, except for in two recurrent cases in which posterior fixation was added. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for pain intensity measurement and ASIA impairment scale for neurological assessment. The mean follow-up period was 14.5 months. RESULTS: The sample included 18 males and 12 females, and the mean age was 40.3 years. Twenty patients (67%) had sensory or motor deficits before the surgery. The pathologies encountered included traumatic fracture in 12 cases, osteoporotic fracture in four cases, tumor in eight cases and spinal infection in the remaining six cases. The surgeries were performed from the left side, except in two cases. There was significant improvement of back pain and radicular pain as recorded by VAS. One patient exhibited postoperative neurological deterioration due to bone graft dislodgement. All patients with deficits at least partially improved after the surgery. During the follow-up, no hardware failures or losses of correction were detected. CONCLUSION: The retroperitoneal extrapleural approach through the 12th rib is a feasible approach for L1 corpectomy that can combine adequate decompression of the dural sac with effective biomechanical restoration of the compromised anterior load-bearing column. It is associated with less pulmonary complication, no need for chest tube, no abdominal distention and rapid recovery compared with other approaches.

Native 1st Metatarso-Phalangeal Joint Infection: A Rare Case Report / 대한족부족관절학회지

Septic arthritis is a serious medical condition that can lead to significant complications if misdiagnosed or mismanaged. A rare case of a 1st metatarso-phalangeal joint septic arthritis in a native joint is presented in a patient with no significant risk factors. A 41-year-old patient was referred by his general practitioner owing to ongoing pain and swelling over his native 1st metatarso-phalangeal joint with difficulty on weightbearing for three months. After a series of investigations, including blood tests and a foot magnetic resonance imaging, which were inconclusive, the patient was led to the operating theatre for sampling and washout of his joint. The samples taken in the theatres revealed septic arthritis with Streptococcus mitis as the causative microorganism. The patient was treated with six weeks of oral antibiotics with a good functional outcome. This case report illuminates this rare condition and makes foot and ankle surgeons aware of its existence. A high suspicion for this condition can prevent misdiagnosis and mismanagement.

Post-extraction pain in the adjacent tooth after surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar

BACKGROUND: After tooth extraction, pain due to dry socket and pain in the adjacent tooth are common. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze pain in the adjacent tooth after surgical extraction of the mandibular third molar. METHODS: Postoperative pain due to dry socket, pain in the adjacent tooth, and pain from other causes were present. Group A included patents with dry socket alone; group B included patients with pain in the adjacent tooth alone; and group C included patients with both. The duration of symptoms was recorded. In addition, the prognosis of pain was divided into the complete improvement, improvement, maintenance, deterioration, and complete deterioration groups. RESULTS: A total of 312 mandibular third molars were extracted from 13, 60, and 10 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The mean duration of symptoms was 5 days in group A and B and 15.2 days in group C. There were statistically significant differences in the duration of symptoms between groups A and C and groups B and C. CONCLUSION: Pain in the adjacent tooth after third molar extraction can be caused by inflammatory reactions and pressure on this tooth. The pain caused by pressure on the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone results from the cytokines released by osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone destruction. However, pain from periodontal ligament damage caused by excessive pressure may be misunderstood as pulpal pain. Unconscious parafunctional habits, such as clenching and bruxism, could also be associated with post-extraction pain.

Effect of Preoperative Bisphosphonate Treatment on Fracture Healing after Internal Fixation Treatment of Intertrochanteric Femoral Fractures / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: There are concerns that administration of bisphosphonate (BP) can substantially suppress bone turnover, potentially interfering with fracture healing. We investigated the effects of preoperative BP administration before internal fixation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures using fracture healing and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 130 patients who underwent internal fixation for osteoporotic intertrochanteric femoral fractures between March 2012 and July 2016. Patients previously treated with BPs for at least 3 months (BP group; n=29) were compared with the remaining patients (BP-naïve group; n=101). Radiographs were used to assess and compare fracture healing 3 months and 1 year postsurgery. The primary clinical outcome measure assessed was change in Koval score. RESULTS: Fracture union at 3 months after surgery was verified in 72.4% of patients (21/29) in the BP group and 90.1% of patients (91/101) in the BP-naïve group (P=0.027). Fracture union at 1 year postsurgery (BP group, 93.1% [27/29] vs. BP-naïve group, 97.0% [98/101], P=0.310) and change in Koval score (1.1 vs. 1.0, P=0.694) were not significantly different between the groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of BP administration was associated with an increased risk of delayed union at 3 months postsurgery (P=0.014). CONCLUSION: Preoperative administration of BP was associated with a decreased fracture healing rate 3 months after internal fixation, compared with BP-naïve patients. Therefore, patients previously treated with a BP should be carefully allowed to wean off walking aids and transition to full weight-bearing in the early postoperative period.

Results of Simple Conservative Treatment of Midfoot Charcot Arthropathy

BACKGROUND: Traditionally, conservative management with an offloading orthosis, such as total contact cast (TCC), has been the standard of care for midfoot Charcot arthropathy. Considering complications of TCC and surgery, we treated midfoot Charcot arthropathy without TCC in our patients. The purpose of this study was to report clinical and radiological outcomes of conservative management of midfoot Charcot arthropathy. METHODS: A total of 34 patients (38 feet) who were diagnosed as having midfoot Charcot arthropathy between 2006 and 2014 were included. Patients started full weight bearing ambulation in a hard-soled shoe immediately after diagnosis. Outcomes such as progression of arch collapse, bony prominence, ulcer occurrence, limb amputation, and changes in Charcot stage were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 38 feet, arch collapse was observed in four while progression of bottom bump of the midfoot was observed in five feet. Foot ulcers related to bony bumps were found in two feet. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative treatment without restriction of ambulation is recommended for midfoot Charcot arthropathy because it is rarely progressive, unlike hindfoot-ankle arthropathy. In some cases, simple bumpectomy can be required to prevent catastrophic infection.

Surgically induced degenerative changes in the femorotibial joints by total medial meniscectomy in minipigs closely resemble late-stage osteoarthritis / 대한수의학회지

Animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) have played a key role in understanding the etiology of OA and in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Although pigs have an advantage as an animal disease model due to their similarity to humans, there are few studies on the induction of OA in minipigs. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize disease progression of OA in total medial meniscectomy (TMM)-operated skeletally mature minipigs, up to day 180 postoperatively. There were no significant alterations in vital signs or hematological indices throughout the observation period. However, clinical manifestations of OA in the medial femoral condyles of TMM-operated minipigs were progressive, depending on postoperative duration, with respect to osteophytes formation and roughened surfaces on radiological observation, cartilage erosion under macroscopic examination, and severe cartilage defects including fibrillation, vertical fissures, and cartilage denuding on histopathological observation, with the highest score indicating late-stage OA on day 180 and without indicating apparent variation between subjects. In particular, the lateral femoral condyles were also degenerated, possibly due to localization of weight-bearing from both menisci to the lateral meniscus. Therefore, TMM in minipigs is suitable for reproducible induction of degenerative changes in the femorotibial joints that closely resemble late-stage OA, and is suitable for use in further research.

Navigated versus Conventional Technique in High Tibial Osteotomy: A Meta-Analysis Focusing on Weight Bearing Effect

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine whether navigated opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is superior to the conventional technique in terms of accuracy of the coronal and sagittal alignment correction, functional outcome, and operative time. METHODS: Studies comparing navigated and conventional HTO were included in this meta-analysis. We compared the incidence of radiological outliers in coronal alignment and tibial slope maintenance, mean differences in functional outcome scales, and operative time. Subgroup analyses were performed on coronal alignment accuracy based on the intraoperative method of alignment confirmation: fluoroscopy vs. gap measurement method. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included: there were 434 knees in the navigated HTO studies and 405 knees in the conventional HTO studies. The risk of outlier was lower in navigated HTO than in conventional HTO; however, the difference was not significant when navigated HTO was compared with conventional HTO performed using the gap measurement method. Tibial slope maintenance was comparable or better in navigated HTO. No difference was found in the American Knee Society function and Lysholm scores. Navigated HTO necessitated a longer operative time of approximately 10 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of navigation in HTO can improve accuracy in both coronal and sagittal alignments, but its clinical benefit is unclear.

Disparity between Preoperative Target Correction Amount and Postoperative Correction Amount in Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disparity between the preoperative target correction amount and the postoperative correction amount in open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) in patients divided according to the planned osteotomy gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two patients were divided into two groups (group 1 with the planned opening gap lager than the mean opening gap length of total patients and group 2 with a smaller opening gap). The opening gap was determined according to the target weight bearing line (WBL) ratio on the preoperative whole leg radiograph. Absolute and relative values of the disparity between the target and postoperative WBL ratios were compared between groups in order to clarify whether the disparity was deviated toward over- or under-correction. RESULTS: The absolute value of disparity between the target and postoperative WBL ratios in group 1 was significantly larger than that in group 2 (6.01%±5.68% vs. 3.32%±3.38%; p=0.02). However, there was no statistically significant difference in relative values between groups (p=0.54). CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative WBL ratio after OWHTO was different from the preoperative target WBL ratio if the planned osteotomy gap was large. This mismatch was not deviated toward one side, either over- or under-correction.

Preoperative Varus-Valgus Stress Angle Difference Is Valuable for Predicting the Extent of Medial Release in Varus Deformity during Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive value of the valgus stress angle (SA), varus SA and varus-valgus SA difference (VVD) in predicting the degree of medial release in varus deformity during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eight TKAs (78 patients), which were performed in primary osteoarthritis with varus knee deformity, were retrospectively classified into three groups according to the degree of medial release (group A, mild release; group B, moderate release; and group C, severe release). Medical charts were reviewed, and long weight bearing standing anteroposterior radiographs and varus-valgus stress radiographs were evaluated. RESULTS: The valgus SA was significantly different between group A and B and between group A and C. However, it was not significantly different between group B and C. The varus SA was significantly different between group B and C and between group A and C. However, it was not significantly different between group A and B. The VVD was significantly different in all intergroup comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the VVD is more valuable in predicting the degree of medial release in TKA performed in varus knee deformity than evaluation of the simple valgus and varus SA.