Prevalence of COVID-19 at the Wahgnion-Gold mining site in Burkina Faso and use of RT-PCR initial cycle threshold to monitor the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 load

Background: To control the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is necessary to adequately identify and isolate infectious patients particularly at the work place. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is the recommended confirmatory method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SARSCoV-2 infection in Burkina Faso and to use the initial cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-PCR as a tool to monitor the dynamics of the viral load. Methodology: Between September 2021 and February 2022, oropharyngeal and/or nasopharyngeal swab samples of consecutively selected COVID-19 symptomatic and apparently healthy workers from the Wahgnion mining site in the South-western Burkina Faso who consented to the study were collected according to the two weeks shift program and tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR assay. Patients positive for the virus were followed-up weekly until tests were negative. Association of the initial RT-PCR Ct values with disease duration was assessed by adjusted linear regression approach. Two-sided p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1506 (92.9% males) participants were recruited into the study, with mean age and age range of 37.18.7 and 18-68 years respectively. The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 14.3% (216/1506). Of the 82 patients included in the follow-up study, the longest duration of positive RT-PCR test, from the first positive to the first of the two negative RT-PCR tests, was 33 days (mean 11.6 days, median 10 days, interquartile range 8- 14 days). The initial Ct values significantly correlated with the duration of RT-PCR positivity (with ß=-0.54, standard error=0.09 for N gene, and ß=-0.44, standard error=0.09 for ORF1ab gene, p<0.001). Participants with higher Ct values corresponding to lower viral loads had shorter viral clearance time than those of lower Ct values or higher viral loads. Conclusion: Approximately 1 out of 7 tested miners had SARS-CoV-2 infection and the duration of their RT-PCR tests positivity independently correlated with the initial viral load measured by initial Ct values. As participants with lower initial Ct values tended to have longer disease duration, initial RT-PCR Ct values could be used to guide COVID-19 patient quarantine duration particularly at the work place.

Contexte: Pour contrôler la propagation de la maladie à coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) causée par le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère coronavirus-2 (SRAS-CoV-2), il est nécessaire d'identifier et d'isoler de manière adéquate les patients infectieux, en particulier sur le lieu de travail. Le test de réaction en chaîne par polymérase en temps réel (RT-PCR) est la méthode de confirmation recommandée pour le diagnostic de l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence de l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 au Burkina Faso et d'utiliser les valeurs du seuil initial du cycle (Ct) de la RT-PCR comme outil de suivi de la dynamique de la charge virale. Méthodologie: Entre septembre 2021 et février 2022, des écouvillonnages oropharyngés et/ou nasopharyngés de travailleurs symptomatiques COVID-19 et apparemment en bonne santé sélectionnés consécutivement du site minier de Wahgnion dans le sud-ouest du Burkina Faso qui ont consenti à l'étude ont été prélevés selon les deux programme de quart de semaines et testé pour le SRAS-CoV-2 à l'aide d'un test RT-PCR. Les patients positifs pour le virus ont été suivis chaque semaine jusqu'à ce que les tests soient négatifs. L'association des valeurs Ct initiales de la RT-PCR avec la durée de la maladie a été évaluée par une approche de régression linéaire ajustée. Une valeur p bilatérale < 0,05 a été considérée comme statistiquement significative. Résultats: Un total de 1506 participants (92,9% d'hommes) ont été recrutés dans l'étude, avec un âge moyen et une tranche d'âge de 37,1 à 8,7 ans et de 18 à 68 ans, respectivement. La prévalence globale de l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 était de 14,3% (216/1506). Sur les 82 patients inclus dans l'étude de suivi, la plus longue durée de test RT-PCR positif, du premier test positif au premier des deux tests RT-PCR négatifs, était de 33 jours (moyenne 11,6 jours, médiane 10 jours, intervalle interquartile 8-14 jours). Les valeurs Ct initiales étaient significativement corrélées à la durée de positivité de la RT-PCR (avec ß=-0,54, erreur standard=0,09 pour le gène N et ß=-0,44, erreur standard=0,09 pour le gène ORF1ab, p<0,001). Les participants avec des valeurs de Ct plus élevées correspondant à des charges virales plus faibles avaient un temps de clairance virale plus court que ceux avec des valeurs de Ct plus basses ou des charges virales plus élevées. Conclusion: Environ 1 mineur testé sur 7 était infecté par le SRAS-CoV-2 et la durée de la positivité de ses tests RTPCR était indépendamment corrélée à la charge virale initiale mesurée par les valeurs Ct initiales. Comme les participants avec des valeurs Ct initiales inférieures avaient tendance à avoir une durée de maladie plus longue, les valeurs Ct initiales de la RT-PCR pourraient être utilisées pour guider la durée de la quarantaine des patients COVID19, en particulier sur le lieu de travail.

Ideologia gerencialista e plataformas de treinamentos de dados para Inteligência Artificial (IA): condições de trabalho e saúde dos trabalhadores no Brasil / Managerial ideology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) data training platform: working conditions and worker's health in Brazil / Ideología managerial y plataformas de anotación de datos para Inteligencia Artificial (IA): condiciones de trabajo y salud de los trabajadores en Brasi

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as condições de trabalho e os seus impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores no mercado de microtarefas de treinamento de dados para a produção de Inteligência Artificial (IA), em especial no que diz respeito a suas relações com a ideologia gerencialista. Os dados são provenientes de uma netnografia realizada entre os anos de 2020 e 2021, de análises dos websites das plataformas e de entrevistas realizadas com 15 trabalhadores. A partir da análise de quatro instâncias mediadoras (econômica, política, ideológica e psicológica), argumentamos que a ideologia gerencialista, consubstanciada a ideologia californiana, se caracteriza como um operador central na gestão do trabalho, que tem por finalidade garantir a adesão dos trabalhadores às plataformas e ocultar os conflitos do trabalho, direcionando-os para o nível individual e produzindo um cenário de individualização do sofrimento.

The objective of this study is to analyze working conditions and their impacts on worker's health in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) data annotation microtask market, especially to highlight their relationship with managerial ideology. The data comes from a netnography carried out between the years 2020 and 2021, from analysis on the platform's websites, and from interviews with 15 workers. Drawing from the analysis of four different mediation systems (economic, political, ideological, and psychological), we argue that the managerial ideology, overlaid with the Californian ideology, is characterized as a central element in the management of labor, which aims to guarantee the adherence of workers to platforms and hide the labor conflicts, directing them to the individual level and producing a scenario of individualization of suffering.

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las condiciones de trabajo y sus impactos en la salud de los tra-bajadores en el mercado de microtareas de anotación de datos para la producción de Inteligencia Artificial (IA), en particular en lo que concierne a su relación con la ideología managerial. Los datos provienen de una netnografía realizada entre los años 2020 y 2021, de análisis en los sitios web de las plataformas y de entrevistas con 15 trabajadores. A partir del análisis de cuatro instancias mediadoras (económica, política, ideológica y psicológica), argumentamos que la ideología gerencial, superpuesta en la ideología californi-ana, se caracteriza como un elemento central en la gestión del trabajo, que pretende garantizar la adhesión de los trabajadores a las plataformas y ocultar los conflictos del trabajo, dirigiéndolos al plano individual y produciendo un escenario de individualización del sufrimiento.

Decisões suportadas por informações geradas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, no contexto da covid-19 / Decisions supported by information generated in Basic Health Units, in the context of covid-19 / Decisiones apoyadas en la información generada en las Unidades Básicas de Salud, en el contexto de covid-19

O estudo proposto neste artigo buscou evidenciar como as informações geradas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) auxiliam os gestores nas suas decisões envolvendo as ações de controle da covid-19. A pesquisa ficou caracterizada como um estudo misto, pois apresentou dados quantitativos e qualitativos e adotou como método o estudo de caso, abrangendo as UBS do município de Fazenda Rio Grande, no estado do Paraná. Como recurso tecnológico foi utilizada a plataforma Google Forms®, para elaborar o questionário em formato eletrônico que foi posteriormente enviado por e-mail. Para análise estatística foram aplicados os softwares Excel® e SPSS® (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences); ao passo que na análise qualitativa foi utilizado o software Atlas.ti®, que propiciou a elaboração dos mapas de rede e a verificação das percepções dos respondentes. Esses procedimentos possibilitaram aos pesquisadores estabelecer parâmetros distintos que resultaram na conclusão do trabalho, ao identificarem que, mesmo havendo uma descentralização, ao estabelecerem vários pontos de atendimento à população identificados como UBS, as unidades atuaram de modo colaborativo, durante a pandemia. As unidades assumiram um papel relevante no contexto social ao mitigarem as diferenças sociais, estabelecendo um elo entre a sociedade e os órgãos de saúde pública.

The study proposed in this article sought to highlight how the information generated in a Basic Health Unit (BHU) assist managers in their decisions involving control actions of the covid-19. The research was characterized as a mixed study, presenting quantitative and qualitative data, adopting as method the case study, covering the BHU of Fazenda Rio Grande municipality, in the state of Paraná. As a technological resource, the Google Forms® platform was used to prepare the questionnaire in electronic format later sent via e-mail. For statistical analysis, Excel® and SPSS® (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software were applied, while for qualitative analysis, Atlas.ti® software was used, enabling the preparation of network maps and verification of respondents' perceptions. These procedures enabled the researchers to establish different parameters that resulted in the conclusion of the work, identifying that even though there was a decentralization by establishing several points of care to the population identified as BHU, it was clear that they acted in a collaborative way during the pandemic, assuming a relevant role in the social context by mitigating social differences establishing a link between society and public health agencies.

El estudio propuesto en este artículo buscó destacar cómo la información generada en una Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) ayuda a los gestores en sus decisiones que implican acciones de control del covid-19. La in-vestigación se caracterizó como un estudio mixto al presentar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, adoptando como método el estudio de caso, abarcando las UBS del municipio de Fazenda Rio Grande, en el estado de Paraná. Como recurso tecnológico, se utilizó la plataforma Google Forms® para la elaboración del cuestion-ario en formato electrónico y su posterior envío por correo electrónico. Para el análisis estadístico se aplic-aron los softwares Excel® y SPSS® (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), mientras que en el análisis cualitativo se utilizó el software Atlas.ti®, que permitió elaborar mapas de redes y verificar las percepciones de los encuestados. Estos procedimientos permitieron a los investigadores establecer diferentes parámetros que dieron lugar a la conclusión del trabajo, identificando que incluso con una descentralización mediante el establecimiento de varios puntos de atención a la población identificada como UBS, quedó claro que actuaron de forma colaborativa durante la pandemia, asumiendo un papel relevante en el contexto social al mitigar las diferencias sociales, estableciendo un vínculo entre la sociedad y los organismos de salud pública.

Considerações estruturais sobre o exercício do cargo da presidência das Comissões de Ética do Sistema de Gestão da Ética do Poder Executivo Federal (SGEPEF) / Structural considerations on the exercise of the presidency of the Ethics Commissions of the Ethics Management System of the Federal Executive Branch (SGEPEF) / Consideraciones estructurales sobre el ejercicio de la presidencia de las Comisiones de Ética del Sistema de Gestión de Ética del Ejecutivo Federal (SGEPEF)

Este artigo busca sistematizar conhecimentos advindos do exercício da presidência de comissão de ética de instituição pública de ciência e tecnologia, pivô de articulação e integração de inúmeros vetores, ao reunir aprendizagens, princípios e diretrizes, com o objetivo de delinear novas linhas de ação aos ocupantes desse cargo. Partindo do pressuposto de que a atuação no campo ético é práxis política em constante dinamismo e problematização, da utilização de uma abordagem metodológica estruturalista, na qual cada elemento dá significado e é, por sua vez, significado pelos demais, e da definição de quatro grandes dimensões de atuação no Policy Cycle, buscamos apontar diferentes efeitos sistêmicos e de estrutura da operacionalização do Sistema de Gestão da Ética do Poder Executivo Federal (SGEPEF), com seu marco legal e temporal em crescente institucionalização e legitimação. Concluímos indicando novas possibilidades sistêmicas e estruturais no campo ético para avanços e inovação na gestão pública, gerando, assim, ambiente de trabalho mais humanizado e saudável, com amplo desenvolvimento organizacional

This article seeks to systematize knowledge arising from the exercise of the presidency of the ethics committee of a public institution of science and technology, pivot of articulation and integration of numerous vectors, bringing together learning, principles and guidelines, with the objective of outlining new lines of action for the occupants of this office. Assuming that acting in the ethical field is political praxis in constant dynamism and problematization, using a structuralist methodological approach where each element gives meaning and is, in turn, signified by the other elements, and defining four major dimensions of action in the Policy Cycle, we seek to point out different systemic and structural effects of the operationalization of the Ethics Management System of the Federal Executive Branch (SGEPEF), with its legal and temporal framework in increasing institutionalization and legitimation. We conclude by indicating new systemic and structural possibilities in the ethical field for advances and innovation in public management, generating a more humanized and healthy work environment, with broad organizational development.

Este artículo busca sistematizar los saberes surgidos del ejercicio de la presidencia del comité de ética de una institución pública de ciencia y tecnología, pivote de articulación e integración de numerosos vectores, reuniendo aprendizajes, principios y lineamientos, con el objetivo de trazar nuevas líneas de acción para los ocupantes de esta posición. Asumiendo que actuar en el campo ético es una praxis política en constante dinamización y problematización, desde un enfoque metodológico estructuralista donde cada elemento da sentido y es, a su vez, significado por los demás, y definiendo cuatro grandes dimensiones de acción en el Ciclo Político, buscamos señalar distintos efectos sistémicos y estructurales de la operativización del Sistema de Gestión de Ética del Poder Ejecutivo Federal (SGEPEF), con su marco legal y temporal en creciente institucionalización y legitimación. Concluimos señalando nuevas posibilidades sistémicas y estructurales en el campo ético para el avance y la innovación en la gestión pública, generando un ambiente de trabajo más humanizado y saludable, con amplio desarrollo organizacional.

Plataformização do trabalho de entregadores no contexto da pandemia de covid-19 confronta os princípios do trabalho decente da OIT / Platformisation of the work of courier services in the context of the covid-19 pandemic clashes with the principles of decent work according to ILO / Plataformización del trabajo de entrega a domicilio en el contexto de la pandemia de covid-19 contrasta con los principios del trabajo decente propuesto por la OIT

O propósito deste artigo é contextualizar e discutir aspectos do trabalho de entregadores mediado por empresas de plataforma, explicitados pelos resultados da pesquisa empírica do Projeto Fairwork, realizada no Brasil durante o contexto da pandemia de covid-19. O Fairwork é coordenado pela Universidade de Oxford e tem parcerias com pesquisadores em diversos países do mundo. O percurso metodológico do projeto consiste em uma pesquisa-ação, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores escolhidos aleatoriamente, levantamento de dados sobre as empresas de plataforma e reuniões estruturadas com representantes dessas organizações. A análise dos dados orienta-se pelos cinco princípios do trabalho decente que determinam a pontuação das empresas: remuneração, condições, contrato, gestão e representação justos. Neste artigo, discutimos os relatos dos trabalhadores entrevistados pela equipe brasileira, durante a pandemia de covid-19. Os relatos são comparados com as informações sobre as políticas e as ações de plataformas digitais difundidas no país. Os resultados desta investigação demonstram, em suma, que os princípios do trabalho decente não são respeitados no que se refere ao trabalho dos entregadores no país

The objective of this article is to contextualise and discuss aspects of the work of delivery mediated by platform companies, revealed by the results of the empirical research of the Fairwork Brazil Project, carried out during the covid-19 pandemic. Fairwork is coordinated by the University of Oxford and has partnerships with researchers in various countries around the world. The methodological course of the project consists in action research, using in-depth interviews with randomly chosen workers, data collection about platform companies, and structured meetings with representatives of these organizations. The data analysis is guided by the five principles of decent work which determine the evaluation of companies: fair remuneration, working conditions, contract, management and representation. In this article, we discuss the narratives of workers interviewed by the Brazilian team during the covid-19 pandemic. These narratives are contrasted with information on the policies and actions of the digital platforms disseminated in the country. The results of this investigation show that the principles of decent work are not respected with regard to the work of the workers who make courier services in the country.

El objetivo de este artículo es contextualizar y discutir aspectos del trabajo de entrega a domicilio mediado por empresas de plataforma, revelados por los resultados de la investigación empírica del Proyecto Fairwork Brasil, realizada durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Fairwork es coordinado por la Universidad de Oxford y tiene asociaciones con investigadores en varios países del mundo. El curso metodológico del proyecto consiste en una investigación-acción, por medio de entrevistas en profundidad con trabajadores elegidos al azar, recolección de datos en empresas de plataforma y reuniones estructuradas con representantes de estas organizaciones. El análisis de datos se guía por los cinco principios del trabajo decente que determinan la evaluación de las empresas: remuneración, condiciones del trabajo, contrato, gestión y representación justos. En este artículo, discutimos los relatos de los trabajadores entrevistados por el equipo brasileño durante la pandemia de covid-19. Lasdescripciones se contrastan con las informaciones sobre las políticas y acciones de las plataformas digitales difundidas en el país. Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que no se respetan a los principios del trabajo decente en lo que se refiere al trabajo de los ejecutan entregas a domicilio en el país.

Doenças periodontais oriundas do ambiente laboral / Periodontal diseases from the workplace

As doenças periodontais provém de processo inflamatório instalado com concomitante destruição dos tecidos de proteção e de sustentação dos dentes. Comumente evidencia-se o acometimento em caráter reversível pela gengivite e em caráter irreversível pela periodontite. Algumas ocorrências relacionadas a doenças bucais provenientes das atividades laborais desempenhadas podem ocasionar manifestações bucais com o acometimento pelas doenças periodontais. O objetivo deste artigo foi evidenciar como as atividades desempenhadas no ato da execução do trabalho podem manifestar-se em âmbito odontológico, promovendo o acometimento pelas doenças periodontais. Realizou-se estudo de revisão narrativa de literatura com busca nas bases de dados: PubMED, LILACS, Google Acadêmico e levantamento de estudos e artigos que tratavam do aparecimento de doenças periodontais em trabalhadores advindas do seu ambiente laboral. No geral, muitos problemas bucais podem advir de atividades insalubres desempenhadas no ambiente de trabalho, estas que podem afligir tanto os tecidos duros como os tecidos moles dos elementos dentais, dentre os quais pode-se constatar a instalação de cárie dentária, neoplasias orais e pigmentação do tecido gengival, entre outras intercorrências. Na hipótese de ocorrer acometimento dos tecidos moles, uma das manifestações possíveis engloba a instalação e a progressão das doenças periodontais. Concluiu-se que uma abordagem odontológica precoce e preventiva atuante no ambiente laboral é imprescindível para que seja possível evitar-se agravantes que possam causar prejuízo ao estado de saúde bucal dos trabalhadores, incluindo o estado de saúde periodontal.

Periodontal diseases come from an inflammatory process installed with concomitant destruction of the protective and supporting tissues of the teeth. Commonly, reversible involvement by gingivitis and irreversible character by periodontitis is evident. Some occurrences related to oral diseases from work activities performed can cause oral manifestations with the involvement of periodontal diseases. The objective of this article was to show how the activities performed in the execution of the work can be manifested in the dental field, promoting the involvement of periodontal diseases. A narrative review of the literature was carried out with a search in the following databases: PubMED, LILACS, Google Scholar and a survey of studies and articles dealing with the appearance of periodontal diseases in workers arising from their work environment. In general, many oral problems can result from unhealthy activities performed in the work environment, which can affect both hard and soft tissues of the dental elements, among which dental caries, oral neoplasms and pigmentation can be seen. gingival tissue, among other complications. In the event of soft tissue involvement, one of the possible manifestations includes the onset and progression of periodontal diseases. It was concluded that an early and preventive dental approach active in the work environment is essential so that it is possible to avoid aggravating factors that may harm the oral health status of workers, including the periodontal health status.

Trabajo Emocional en grupos ocupacionales de Latinoamérica: Una revisión de alcance / Emotional work in occupational groups of Latin America: A scoping review

Introducción: El Trabajo Emocional deteriora la salud mental de los colaboradores, quienes, en interacción con usuarios, regulan sus emociones para expresar las prescritas en la organización. Objetivo: Mapear sistemáticamente los hallazgos principales sobre el Trabajo Emocional en grupos ocupacionales de Latinoamérica a partir de la revisión de artículos científicos publicados entre 2009 y 2020, mediante una revisión de alcance. Materiales y métodos: A partir de la metodología PRISMA-ScR, se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, Redalyc, Dialnet, DOAJ, BVS, Gale One File: Psychology y EBSCOhost; con las palabras clave "trabajo emocional" (español), "emotional labor"/"emotional work" (inglés) y "trabalho emocional" (portugués); y una matriz de registro documental como formulario de gráfico de datos. Resultados: De 186 artículos, se seleccionó 17, con las siguientes características: la mayoría fueron de Brasil; grupos de trabajadores en salud y docentes; con definición de trabajo emocional en 6 categorías; y se utilizaron 11 instrumentos de medición. Conclusiones: Existe amplia concepción sobre el trabajo emocional, sin embargo, la evidencia en Latinoamérica aún es limitada, por ello es necesario continuar investigación de su incidencia en diferentes escenarios laborales, para obtener una comprensión global del constructo.

Introduction: Emotional work deteriorates the mental health of employees who interact with the public and therefore must regulate their emotions in order to express those established by the organization. Objective: To systematically map the main findings of Emotional Work in occupational groups of Latin America based on the revision of scientific articles published between 2009 and 2020 through a scoping review. Materials and methods: A PRISMA-ScR methodology with the keywords "trabajo emocional" (Spanish), "emotional labor"/"emotional work" (English) and "trabalho emocional" (Portuguese) was used to search the following databases: LILACS, Redalyc, Dialnet, DOAJ, BVS, Gale One File: Psychology and EBSCOhost. A document record matrix was used as format for data graphic. Results: From 186 articles, 17 were selected with the following characteristics: majority were from Brazil; included health employees and professors; defined emotional work using 6 categories; used 11 measurement instruments. Conclusions: There is a wide understanding of the topic of emotional work, however the evidence in Latin America is limited, which is why it is necessary to continue investigating its incidence in different work environments in order to obtain a global understanding of the construct.

Lineamientos generales para la adopción de medidas sanitarias en la reanudación de actividades de los sectores público y privado. (2 ed.) / General guidelines for the adoption of sanitary measures in the resumption of activities in the public and private sectors. (2 ed.)

En los presentes lineamientos se desarrollaran los siguientes componentes: los principios rectores para un retorno exitoso, factores de riesgo ante el Covid-19, disposiciones sanitarias en el ámbito laboral, medidas sanitarias generales, recomendaciones desde la salida del hogar, transporte, arribo y llegada al trabajo, medidas de higiene y desinfección, medidas de prevención de contagio, uso de equipo de protección personal, medidas de seguridad según el rol en el área laboral, mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud de los empleados, vigilancia y supervisión

The following components will be developed in these guidelines: the guiding principles for a successful return, risk factors against Covid-19, health provisions in the workplace, general health measures, recommendations from home, transportation, arrival and arrival. to work, hygiene and disinfection measures, contagion prevention measures, use of personal protective equipment, safety measures according to the role in the work area, improvement of the health conditions of employees, surveillance and supervision

Factores de riesgos psicosociales que inciden en el desarrollo del síndrome de burnout en profesionales de enfermería / Psychosocial risk factors that affect the development of burnout syndrome in nurses

El Burnout es considerado en la actualidad como uno de los factores de daños laborales que obedece a características psicosociales. Surge como respuesta prolongada a agentes estresores crónicos a nivel personal y laboral, pero básicamente resulta de las relaciones del trabajador con su entorno laboral, por lo que está sujeto a variables personales, laborales y organizacionales. Es importante la identificación de este síndrome y su prevención por la afectación que causa en el individuo, que le limita en la sociedad como un individuo capacitado. Objetivo: Conocer los factores de riesgo psicosociales que inciden en el desarrollo del síndrome de burnout en profesionales de enfermería Materiales y Métodos: Se basa en una metodología del tipo descriptiva, cualitativa, que incluye la revisión de publicaciones científicas sobre los factores de riesgo del síndrome de Burnout, los cuales pueden asociarse al desarrollo del estrés y alteraciones en la salud de los profesionales en enfermería que laboran en servicios asistenciales. La búsqueda se realizó mediante la consulta de recursos bibliográficos electrónicos. Resultados: El síndrome del Burnout es considerado en líneas generales como un desgaste profesional a nivel laboral. Se estima que hasta la actualidad este síndrome era asociado a los problemas relacionados con la dificultad en el control de la vida y presenta una afectación genérica de los individuos. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados de la revisión de documentación científica, se evidencia una alta exposición de los profesionales de enfermería a los factores de riesgo psicosocial. Las exigencias cuantitativas y el intenso ritmo de trabajo se manifiestan en la sobrecarga laboral que ha sido impuesta en las instituciones, principalmente frente a la atención de un gran volumen de pacientes, el desempeño de funciones ajenas al ejercicio del cuidado directo y la falta de recursos humanos y materiales para desarrollar la labor(AU)

Burnout is currently considered as one of the factors of occupational damage that is due to psychosocial characteristics. It arises as a prolonged response to chronic stressors at the personal and work level, but basically results from the worker's relationship with his work environment, so it is subject to personal, work and organizational variables. It is important to identify this syndrome and its prevention due to the affectation it causes in the individual, which limits him in society as a capable individual. Objective: To know the psychosocial risk factors that affect the development of burnout syndrome in nursing professionals. Materials and Methods: It is based on a descriptive, qualitative methodology, which includes the review of scientific publications on the risk factors of the syndrome. of Burnout, which can be associated with the development of stress and alterations in the health of nursing professionals who work in care services. The search was performed by consulting electronic bibliographic resources. Results: Burnout syndrome is considered in general terms as a professional burnout at work level. It is estimated that until now this syndrome was associated with problems related to the difficulty in controlling life and presents a generic affectation of individuals. Conclusions: According to the results of the review of scientific documentation, there is evidence of a high exposure of nursing professionals to psychosocial risk factors. The quantitative demands and the intense pace of work are manifested in the work overload that has been imposed in the institutions, mainly in the face of the care of a large volume of patients, the performance of functions unrelated to the exercise of direct care and the lack of resources. human and material to carry out the work(AU)

Identificación de riesgos ergonómicos en personal administrativo que realizó teletrabajo / Identificación of ergonomic risks un administrative personnel that performed teleworking

INTRODUCCIÓN. El riesgo ergonómico es la situación adversa que surge de una inadecuada interacción entre el trabajador y su puesto de trabajo. Su identificación es el punto de partida para la corrección y prevención de daños a la salud. OBJETIVO. Describir los riesgos ergonómicos del personal administrativo que realizó teletrabajo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, con una población de 66 empleados y una muestra de 25 encuestas a personal administrativo de una empresa importadora de la ciudad de Quito, que realizó teletrabajo desde marzo de 2020. Criterios de inclusión: mayores de 18 años de ambos sexos; que realizaron teletrabajo al menos 60 días. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa Microsoft Excel 2013. RESULTADOS. Se observaron y registraron riesgos ergonómicos en la conformación del puesto de trabajo por mobiliario inadecuado; 20% (5; 25) del personal tuvo una silla ergonómica; 48% (12; 25) un computador tipo PC; 72% (18; 25) utilizó mouse. Se identificó disconfort en zonas corporales, resaltó lumbar 48% (12; 25), codo o antebrazo derecho 36% (9; 25) y cervical 28% (7; 25). CONCLUSIÓN. Se pudo identificar riesgos ergonómicos a los que estuvo expuesto el personal administrativo que realizó teletrabajo.

INTRODUCTION. Ergonomic risk is the adverse situation that arises from an inappropriate interaction between the worker and his job. Their identification is the starting point for the correction and prevention of damage to health. OBJECTIVE. To describe the ergonomic risks of administrative personnel who performed telework. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, with a population of 66 employees and a sample of 25 surveys to administrative staff of an importing company in the city of Quito, who performed telework since March 2020. Inclusion criteria: over 18 years of age of both sexes; who teleworked for at least 60 days. For data analysis, the Microsoft Excel 2013 program was used. RESULTS. Ergonomic risks were observed and recorded in the conformation of the workplace due to inadequate furniture; 20% (5; 25) of the staff had an ergonomic chair; 48% (12; 25) a PC type computer; 72% (18; 25) used a mouse. Discomfort was identified in body areas, 48% of the lumbar (12; 25), the right elbow or forearm 36% (9; 25) and the cervical 28% (7; 25). CONCLUSION. It was possible to identify ergonomic risks to which the administrative personnel who performed teleworking were exposed.

Guía para la instalación y funcionamiento de salas de lactancia materna en centros de trabajo / Guide for the installation and operation of breastfeeding rooms in workplaces

Proporcionar las disposiciones técnicas para la instalación y funcionamiento de salas de lactancia materna en centros de trabajo, con la finalidad de acompañar, apoyar e informar a las madres para mantener el proceso de lactancia exclusiva y complementaria, contribuyendo así al crecimiento optimo y desarrollo saludable de la niñez salvadoreña

Provide the technical provisions for the installation and operation of breastfeeding rooms in workplaces, in order to accompany, support and inform mothers to maintain the exclusive and complementary breastfeeding process, thus contributing to the optimal growth and healthy development of Salvadoran childhood

Fatores de risco para sofrimento psíquico no processo de trabalho de enfermeiras hospitalares / Factores de riesgo para sufrimiento psíquico en el proceso de trabajo de enfermeras hospitalarios / Risk factors for psychic suffering in the work process of hospital nurses

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco que contribuem para o desenvolvimento do sofrimento psíquico no processo de trabalho de enfermeiras de um Hospital Escola no Sul no Brasil. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, realizada com oito enfermeiras mediante a aplicação de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: foram relatadas, como fatores de risco envolvidos no processo de sofrimento psíquico, a dificuldade de comunicação e as relações interpessoais conflituosas; a proximidade com a dor do outro como fator de risco para o sofrimento psíquico; a sobrecarga de trabalho frente às demandas de gestão da unidade e gestão do cuidado e a falta de recursos materiais. Conclusão: diferenciados fatores de risco vivenciados no processo de trabalho estão contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do sofrimento psíquico dessas trabalhadoras em saúde. É válido reforçar a importância de ações que foquem na minimização desses riscos e no manejo adequado das situações emergentes.(AU)

Objective: identify risk factors that contribute to the development of psychic suffering in the work process of nurses at a Teaching Hospital in the south of Brazil. Method: qualitative research of descriptive character carried out with eight nurses through the application of a semi-structured interview. Results: the following were reported as risk factors involved in the process of psychic suffering: difficulty in communication and conflicting interpersonal relationships; proximity to the pain of the other as a risk factor for psychic suffering; overload of work in the face of the demands of unit management and care management and the lack of material resources. Conclusion: differentiated risk factors experienced in the work process are contributing to the development of the psychic suffering of these health workers. It is valid to reinforce the importance of actions that focus on the minimization of these risks and the adequate management of emerging situations.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo que contribuyen al desarrollo del distrés psicológico en el proceso de trabajo de las enfermeras en un hospital universitario del Sur de Brasil. Método: investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo realizada con ocho enfermeras mediante la aplicación de una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: dificultades de comunicación y las relaciones interpersonales conflictivas fueron reportadas como factores de riesgo involucrados en el proceso de distrés psicológico; la proximidad al dolor del otro como factor de riesgo de distrés psicológico; sobrecarga de trabajo ante las exigencias de la gestión de la unidad y la gestión asistencial y la falta de recursos materiales. Conclusión: diferentes factores de riesgo experimentados en el proceso de trabajo están contribuyendo al desarrollo del distrés psicológico de estos trabajadores de la salud. Vale la pena recalcar la importancia de acciones que se enfoquen en minimizar estos riesgos y en la adecuada gestión de situaciones emergentes.(AU)

Burnout syndrome and workplace violence among nursing staff: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Among healthcare professionals, nursing workers are the most prone to becoming victims of workplace violence and present the highest burnout levels. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between burnout syndrome and workplace violence among nursing workers. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study carried out at a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS: This study involved 242 nursing workers. We collected data over a six-month period using a sociodemographic and occupational survey, the Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector and the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey. For occupational violence, we selected the Survey Questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector. Burnout syndrome was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey. The data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Categorical variables were described as absolute and relative frequencies and numerical variables in terms of central trend and dispersion measurements. For data analysis, we applied descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The multiple models indicated that the workers who had experienced verbal abuse, physical violence and concern about workplace violence over the past 12 months had significantly higher chances of presenting high emotional exhaustion (P < 0.05) and depersonalization (P < 0.05) and low professional accomplishment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Occurrence of violence significantly increased the chances of great emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low professional achievement, within burnout syndrome. Therefore, workplace violence prevention strategies need to be put in place to provide workers with a safe workplace in which to conduct their activities.

Covid-19 e as dimensões do trabalho: análise sócio-histórica dos impactos vivenciados por homens na pandemia / Covid-19 and work dimensions: a socio-historical analysis of impacts affecting men during the pandemic / COVID-19 y las dimensiones del trabajo: análisis sociohistórico de los impactos experimentados por los hombres en la pandemia

OBJETIVO: Apreender os impactos vivenciados por homens residentes no Brasil na pandemia da Covid-19 em relação às dimensões do trabalho. MÉTODO: Estudo sócio-histórico, qualitativo, realizado durante a pandemia da Covid-19 com 400 adultos e idosos residentes no Brasil. Aplicou-se um formulário on-line. Os dados foram analisados com base no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, interpretados à luz do Materialismo Histórico Dialético. RESULTADOS: A pandemia da Covid-19 provocou e intensificou impactos: sobrecarga provocada pelo trabalho home office; inadequações no trabalho e exposição à contaminação pelo Coronavírus; estresse e medo de ser contaminado no trabalho e de perder o emprego; dificuldade na manutenção econômica/financeira e adaptações repentinas no desempenho do trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: As dimensões do mundo do trabalho intensificaram as vulnerabilidades sociais e em saúde de homens no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Repercutiram em maior exposição ao SARS-CoV-2 e vivência de estressores na vida cotidiana.

OBJECTIVE: To apprehend the impacts affecting men residing in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic concerning work dimensions. METHOD: A socio-historical, qualitative study carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic with 400 adult and old males residing in Brazil. An on-line form was applied. Data were analyzed based on the Discourse of the Collective Subject, interpreted according to the Dialectic Historical Materialism. RESULTS: The Covid-19 pandemic did cause and intensify impacts: overload resulting from home-office jobs; inadequacies as to the work and exposition to contamination by the Coronavirus; stress and fear to be contaminated at work and losing employment; difficulties to maintain economic/financial conditions and unexpected adaptations in work performance. CONCLUSION: The dimensions of the work environment did intensify both social and health vulnerabilities for men in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, rebounding on even higher exposure to SARS-CoV 2 and daily life stressors.

OBJETIVO: Comprender los impactos experimentados por los hombres residentes en Brasil en la pandemia de COVID-19 respecto a las dimensiones del trabajo. MÉTODO: Estudio sociohistórico, cualitativo, realizado durante la pandemia de COVID-19, con 400 adultos y personas mayores residentes en Brasil. Se aplicó un formulario online. Los datos se analizaron con base en el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo y fueron interpretados a la luz del Materialismo Histórico Dialéctico. RESULTADOS: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha ocasionado e intensificado los impactos: sobrecarga causada por el teletrabajo; inadecuaciones en el trabajo y exposición a la contaminación por el coronavirus; estrés y miedo a contaminarse en el trabajo y a perder el empleo; dificultad en el mantenimiento económico/financiero y adaptaciones repentinas en el rendimiento del trabajo. CONCLUSIÓN: Las dimensiones del mundo del trabajo han intensificado las vulnerabilidades sociales y de salud de los hombres en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Han repercutido en una mayor exposición al SARS-CoV-2 y vivencia de estresores en la vida cotidiana.

Felicidade no trabalho e trauma psicológico em enfermeiros / Happiness at work and psychological trauma in nurses

Objetivo: analisar a relação dos níveis de felicidade no tra-balho e trauma psicológico em enfermeiros e sua variação em função de variáveis sociodemográficas/profissionais. Métodos: estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 113 en-fermeiros. Aplicado questionário sociodemográfico/profis-sional, Shorted Happiness at Work Scale e Impact Event Scale Revised. Utilizada correlação de Pearson, teste t de Student e de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: observou-se pontuação média de 4,25 (±1,05) na Shorted Happiness at Work Scalee de 24,8 (±13,9) na Impact Event Scale Revised. As variá-veis sexo, pessoas dependentes a cargo e atividades lazer influenciaram a satisfação com o trabalho assim como ida-de, filhos, atividades lazer, experiência profissional e horário de trabalho influenciaram o trauma psicológico. Identi-ficada uma correlação negativa fraca entre satisfação com o trabalho e trauma psicológico (r=-0,270). Conclusão: os enfermeiros apresentaram níveis moderados de felicidade no trabalho e baixos de trauma psicológico, sugerindo que maiores níveis de felicidade possam protegê-los de trauma psicológico. (AU)

Acolhimento e desafios no retorno ao trabalho, após a licença-maternidade em uma instituição de ensino / Acogimiento y desafíos en el retorno al trabajo, luego de la licencia maternidad en una institución de enseñanza / Reception and challenges in returning to work, after maternity leave in an educational institution

Objetivo: analisar os sentimentos e dificuldades de mães no retorno da licença-maternidade e a percepção do acolhimento institucional. Método: estudo quali-quantitativo com 40 mães trabalhadoras de uma instituição de ensino pública de ensino médio, técnico e superior que retornaram ao trabalho após o período de licença. Foi aplicado um questionário on-line, com análise quantitativa descritiva e qualitativa de conteúdo. Resultados: das participantes, 42,5% relataram sentimentos difíceis (tristeza, depressão e desamparo), 50% dificuldade nas rotinas, 17,5% problemas para amamentar pela distância e 35% pontos positivos quanto à amamentação exclusiva no trabalho remoto. Cinco categorias foram encontradas: sentimentos no retorno ao trabalho; dificuldades do retorno e amamentação; pandemia e trabalho remoto; fragilidades percebidas e sugestões de melhorias; reflexões quanto à sua saúde mental. Conclusão: os sentimentos negativos e as dificuldades prevaleceram na percepção das mães, demandando atenção institucional para acolhimento no retorno da licença-maternidade.

Objective: To analyze the feelings and difficulties of mothers in returning from maternity leave and the perception of institutional care. Method: A qualitative-quantitative study with 40 working mothers from a public high school, technical and higher education institution who returned to work after the period of leave. An online questionnaire, with descriptive quantitative and qualitative content analysis, was applied. Results: From the participants, 42.5% reported difficult feelings (sadness, depression and helplessness), 50% difficulty in routines, 17.5% problems with breastfeeding at a distance and 35% positive points regarding exclusive breastfeeding in remote work. Five categories were found: feelings on returning to work; difficulties in returning and breastfeeding; pandemic and remote work; perceived weaknesses and suggestions for improvement; reflections on your mental health. Conclusion: Negative feelings and difficulties prevailed in the mothers' perception, demanding institutional attention for reception when returning from maternity leave.

Objetivo: analizar los sentimientos y dificultades de las madres en el retorno de la licencia maternidad y la percepción de la acogida institucional. Método: estudio cuali-cuantitativo con 40 mujeres trabajadoras de una institución de enseñanza pública de nivel medio, técnico y superior que volvieron al trabajo después del período de licencia. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea, con un análisis de contenido descriptivo cuantitativo y cualitativo. Resultados: de los participantes, el 42,5% relatan sentimientos difíciles (tristeza, depresión y desamparo), el 50% dificultad en las rutinas, el 17,5% problemas para amamantar por la distancia y el 35% puntos positivos en cuanto al amamantamiento exclusivo en el trabajo remoto. Se encontraron cinco categorías: sentimientos en el retorno al trabajo; dificultades del retorno y amamantamiento; pandemia y trabajo remoto; fragilidades percibidas y sugerencias de mejora; reflexiones sobre su salud mental. Conclusión: los sentimientos negativos y las dificultades prevalecieron en la percepción de las madres, exigiendo la atención institucional para el acogimiento en el retorno de la licencia maternidad.

Strategies to enhance resilience to cope with workplace adversities post-COVID-19 among ICU nurses

Background: It is critical for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses to develop resilient coping strategies to cope with workplace adversities. The coping strategies will mitigate the development of maladaptive psychological disorders prone to working in a stressful environment. Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse previous literature conducted on strategies that enhance resilience in ICU nurses to cope with workplace adversities beyond the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study was conducted by examining all available global literature in the context of the aim of the study. Method: An integrative literature review was chosen for the study. Purposive sampling method was used to select the relevant databases to answer the review question, namely Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, Medline and Nursing/Academic Edition. The search terms used were 'strategies', 'resilience', 'intensive care unit nurses', 'coping', 'workplace adversities', 'beyond COVID-19' and post 'COVID-19'. Results: Three themes emerged from the study, namely promoting personal attributes, effective relational support and active psychological support. Conclusion: Enhancing resilience among ICU nurses requires both intentional individualised care from the ICU nurses and a systematic approach by nursing management that will meet the psychological needs of ICU nurses when working in a stressful ICU environment.Contribution: The findings of the review have highlighted specific strategies of improving resilience in ICU nurses, which can ultimately create a safe working environment in the ICU.

Exploring Work Satisfaction and Characteristics of Iraqi Pharmacist Workforce

Abstract The objectives of this study were to describe work characteristics of Iraqi pharmacists, to compare pharmacist job satisfaction between private and public sectors and to assess factors influencing job satisfaction level. This cross-sectional study of pharmacists, their work sites and work satisfactions used an electronic questionnaire that was posted on Facebook pharmacy professional group from June to September 2018. The participants included pharmacists from all 18 Iraqi provinces. We used multiple linear regression to identify predictors of general job satisfaction among 13 pharmacist characteristics. We received 658 usable surveys. Approximately half (47.24%) of respondents indicated dissatisfaction with their primary workplace. Job performance, patient contact, satisfaction with manager, income and expectation satisfactions were significantly related with work satisfaction. Pharmacists working in the private sector had significantly more control over their workplace and higher satisfaction with manager, income and general satisfactions compared to those working in public sector. Pharmacists work in diverse settings across the public healthcare system, community pharmacies, private drug bureaus and academia. About half of them are dissatisfied with their primary workplace. The private sector has more satisfaction rate compared to the public sector. Thus, officials need to improve job environments in the public sector.

Ácaros en sistemas de ventilación de edificios industriales: bioindicadores de la calidad del aire interior / Mites in ventilation systems of industrial buildings: bioindicators of indoors air quality

La Organización mundial de la Salud, ha señalado que 92% de la población mundial vive en lugares donde los niveles de calidad del aire se han reducido por debajo de los límites fijados, estimando que a nivel mundial aproximadamente 90% de las personas respiran aire contaminado y que la población de las ciudades pasa entre el 80 y el 90% de su tiempo en recintos cerrados, en un ambiente contaminado en mayor o menor grado; puesto que los niveles de contaminación pueden llegar a ser de 10 a 100 veces más elevados en espacios interiores respecto a los exteriores. La deficiencia en la calidad del aire interior puede dar origen a la manifestación de síntomas respiratorios relacionados como rinitis alérgica y asma, entre otras patologías y se estima que, a nivel global, millones de personas sufren de ambas enfermedades, reduciendo la calidad de vida de la población. Los ácaros constituyen los sensibilizantes respiratorios más extendidos en lugares de trabajo y están presentes en casi todos los hábitats, inclusive en el ambiente aéreo, movilizados por el viento o aerosoles, siendo la principal fuente de alérgenos interiores asociados a rinitis y asma. La presente revisión describe las características de los ácaros como fuente de contaminación ambiental y su posible utilidad como futuros bioindicadores de calidad del aire interior en sistemas de ventilación de edificios industriales con el fin de reducir la exposición y sensibilización de los trabajadores a sus alérgenos(AU)

The World Health Organization has pointed out that 92% of the world's population lives in places where air quality levels have fallen below the limits set, estimating that approximately 90% of people worldwide they breathe polluted air and that the population of cities spends between 80 and 90% of their time indoors, in an environment that is polluted to a greater or lesser degree; since pollution levels can be 10 to 100 times higher indoors than outdoors. The deficiency in indoor air quality can give rise to the manifestation of related respiratory symptoms such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, among other pathologies, and it is estimated that, globally, millions of people suffer from both diseases, reducing the quality of life of the population. mites are the most widespread respiratory sensitizers in the workplace and are present in almost all habitats, including in the air environment, moved by the wind or aerosols, being the main source of indoor allergens associated with rhinitis and asthma. This review describes the characteristics of mites as a source of environmental contamination and their possible use as future bioindicators of indoor air quality in ventilation systems of industrial buildings in order to reduce the exposure and sensitization of workers to their allergens(AU)